The largest countries are oil exporters. Russia has become the world's largest exporter of oil and oil products. Largest Oil Exporters
OPEC, Russia and other manufacturers are in the midst of a joint effort to forcibly rebalance the oil market, with prices rising to highs in two and a half years in recent weeks.
However, with continued strong export of oil, lowering market sentiment, CNBC is considering the top 10 world oil exporters.
Oil production and its support activities account for approximately 45 percent of Angola's gross domestic product (GDP) and about 95 percent of its exports.
After joining OPEC in 2007, Angola became the sixth largest oil exporter in the Cartel.
9. Nigeria
Nigeria, the most populated country within OPEC, is Africa's largest exporter and producer of oil.
8. Venezuela
According to OPEC, in 2016, Venezuela, a founding member of the cartel with 14 members, exported about 1.9 million barrels per day in 2016.
Although the South American country boasts the largest oil reserves in the world, it is currently in the midst of a full-blown crisis. The ongoing riots were caused by years of economic inactivity, and the recession further contributed to a three-year decline in oil prices. Venezuela has experienced food shortages, high inflation and violent street clashes, as President Nicolas Maduro prioritizes paying international loans.
Oil revenues account for approximately 95 percent of the country's export earnings.
President Donald Trump has threatened to terminate the international nuclear treaty with Iran, and if the US Congress agrees, Tehran may receive new sanctions, which will affect the ability of international companies to conduct business in an oil-rich country.
According to OPEC estimates, in 2016 Kuwait exported more than 2.1 million barrels per day.
The oil and gas sector of an OPEC member country accounts for about 60 percent of the country's GDP, as well as 95 percent of export earnings.
5. United Arab Emirates
According to OPEC, the United Arab Emirates exported nearly 2.5 million barrels per day in 2016.
About 40 percent of the country's GDP is directly dependent on oil and gas production. The country, which consists of seven emirates along the Arabian Peninsula, joined OPEC in 1967.
Canada exports a little over 3.2 million barrels per day, according to the most recent figures released by the World Factbook.
A non-OPEC country exported nearly as much as the two leading exporters in Africa. Canada ranks third in the world in oil reserves.
OPEC and Russian officials have called on some of the world's leading oil producers, both inside and outside the cartel, to build consensus and support a mechanism for restricting supplies until the end of 2018.
And although Iraq is the second largest producer and exporter of oil in OPEC countries, Baghdad has not yet reduced production to the level that it agreed last winter.
Iraq exported 3.8 million barrels per day in 2016, according to data released by OPEC.
Moscow and OPEC are striving to reduce oil production in order to clear the global supply surplus since January. The goal is to reduce global oil reserves and drain the excess that has been lowering prices over the past three years.
1. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a leading global exporter and second largest oil producer. According to data published on the cartel’s website, the OPEC leader exported 7.5 million barrels per day in 2016.
The successor of the Kingdom on the throne ordered the arrest of powerful royal princes and businessmen in early November, officials called it anti-corruption.
Some consider the extraordinary purge an attempt by Mohammed bin Salman to consolidate his power by eliminating potential rivals. And this may mean political uncertainty, tension and, possibly, unrest that had not previously been observed in the history of OPEC, the largest oil producer.
OPEC, Russia and other manufacturers are in the midst of a joint effort to forcibly rebalance the oil market, with prices rising to highs in two and a half years in recent weeks.
However, with continued strong export of oil, lowering market sentiment, CNBC is considering the top 10 world oil exporters.
Oil production and its support activities account for approximately 45 percent of Angola's gross domestic product (GDP) and about 95 percent of its exports.
After joining OPEC in 2007, Angola became the sixth largest oil exporter in the Cartel.
9. Nigeria
Nigeria, the most populated country within OPEC, is Africa's largest exporter and producer of oil.
8. Venezuela
According to OPEC, in 2016, Venezuela, a founding member of the cartel with 14 members, exported about 1.9 million barrels per day in 2016.
Although the South American country boasts the largest oil reserves in the world, it is currently in the midst of a full-blown crisis. The ongoing riots were caused by years of economic inactivity, and the recession further contributed to a three-year decline in oil prices. Venezuela has experienced food shortages, high inflation and violent street clashes, as President Nicolas Maduro prioritizes paying international loans.
Oil revenues account for approximately 95 percent of the country's export earnings.
President Donald Trump has threatened to terminate the international nuclear treaty with Iran, and if the US Congress agrees, Tehran may receive new sanctions, which will affect the ability of international companies to conduct business in an oil-rich country.
According to OPEC estimates, in 2016 Kuwait exported more than 2.1 million barrels per day.
The oil and gas sector of an OPEC member country accounts for about 60 percent of the country's GDP, as well as 95 percent of export earnings.
5. United Arab Emirates
According to OPEC, the United Arab Emirates exported nearly 2.5 million barrels per day in 2016.
About 40 percent of the country's GDP is directly dependent on oil and gas production. The country, which consists of seven emirates along the Arabian Peninsula, joined OPEC in 1967.
Canada exports a little over 3.2 million barrels per day, according to the most recent figures released by the World Factbook.
A non-OPEC country exported nearly as much as the two leading exporters in Africa. Canada ranks third in the world in oil reserves.
OPEC and Russian officials have called on some of the world's leading oil producers, both inside and outside the cartel, to build consensus and support a mechanism for restricting supplies until the end of 2018.
And although Iraq is the second largest producer and exporter of oil in OPEC countries, Baghdad has not yet reduced production to the level that it agreed last winter.
Iraq exported 3.8 million barrels per day in 2016, according to data released by OPEC.
2. Russia
Moscow and OPEC are striving to reduce oil production in order to clear the global supply surplus since January. The goal is to reduce global oil reserves and drain the excess that has been lowering prices over the past three years.
1. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a leading global exporter and second largest oil producer. According to data published on the cartel’s website, the OPEC leader exported 7.5 million barrels per day in 2016.
The successor of the Kingdom on the throne ordered the arrest of powerful royal princes and businessmen in early November, officials called it anti-corruption.
Some consider the extraordinary purge an attempt by Mohammed bin Salman to consolidate his power by eliminating potential rivals. And this may mean political uncertainty, tension and, possibly, unrest that had not previously been observed in the history of OPEC, the largest oil producer.
The development of oil fields began at the end of the 19th century. Over time, mankind’s demand for hydrocarbons only grew. This allowed some states, on the territory of which there are a large number of mineral resources, to turn oil exports into the main source of income.
Oil production in the first half of the twentieth century
Large states began to show particular interest in world oil reserves between the two world wars - hydrocarbons were extremely important for militarization and modernization in industry. It was at this time that the largest deposits were discovered in the territory of the Soviet Union, the Middle East, North Africa and Latin America.
During the Second World War, oil production only increased, since it was vital for the warring parties as raw materials for the production of fuels and lubricants for military equipment. This excitement made it possible to finally outline the circle of countries that became the largest exporters of hydrocarbons in the post-war period.
Largest Oil Exporters
Since the 1960s, the main global oil exporters are:
- Libya and Algeria. They have the richest oil reserves in northern Africa. A total of about 2.5 million barrels of oil is produced daily (Libya - 1 million, Algeria - 1.5 million);
- Angola It occupies the main position in the production and sale of hydrocarbons in the territory of South and Central Africa. The daily export volume is 1.7 million barrels;
- Nigeria. The main exporter of oil in West Africa (more than 2 million barrels per day);
- Kazakhstan. Daily export volume - 1.4 million barrels;
- Canada and Venezuela. Leaders in oil production in the Americas, respectively (daily production rate is approximately 1.5 million barrels for each state);
- Norway. The main European exporter, which produces 1.7 million barrels daily;
- Gulf countries (Qatar, Iran, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait). The total daily export volume is 11 million barrels;
- Russia (7 million barrels per day);
- Saudi Arabia, which occupies a leading position in the ranking of the largest oil exporters, is about 8.5 million barrels daily (until 1991, the leader was the Soviet Union, which in its heyday was producing up to 9 million barrels per day).
It should be noted that the rapid development of oil fields has led to a significant reduction in the reserves of these hydrocarbons. According to experts, at the current rate of production of oil deposits, it will be enough for about 50 years (according to some forecasts - for 70 years).
OPEC
OPEC is an intergovernmental organization of states that occupy leading positions in oil production and export. Today it includes 14 countries representing 3 continents:
- Africa (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Libya, Angola, Algeria);
- Asia, or rather, its South-Western part (Kuwait, Iran, UAE, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar);
- Latin America (Ecuador and Venezuela).
The main decisions on the subsequent activities of OPEC member states are made on:
- meetings of ministers in charge of energy and oil production. The agenda mainly concerns the analysis and forecast of the development of the oil market in the near future;
- conferences in which all the leadership of the participating countries takes part. They usually discuss decisions on changing production standards due to market fluctuations.
Based on this, we can single out the main task of OPEC - it is the regulation of oil production quotas, as well as balancing the prices of hydrocarbons. For this reason, many experts consider this intergovernmental organization as a kind of cartel.
The monopolization of the OPEC oil market is also confirmed by various figures. According to estimates, at present, the states that make up the organization control approximately 33% of the world's oil reserves. Their share in global hydrocarbon production is 35%. Thus, the total share of exports by OPEC countries exceeds 50% of the world.
1. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a leading global exporter and second largest oil producer. According to data published on the cartel’s website, the country exported 7.5 million barrels per day in 2016.
On November 5, 2017, 11 high-ranking officials, including ministers and members of the royal family, were removed from power and arrested in Saudi Arabia. Most of them have been charged with bribery, money laundering and other abuses. Among them is the billionaire Al-Walid bin Talal.
Some experts believe that the extraordinary purge is an attempt by the heir to King Prince Mohammed bin Salman to consolidate his power by eliminating potential rivals. And this may entail political uncertainty, tension and possible unrest, which the history of the largest oil producer has never known.
Russia, the world's largest oil exporter, not part of the OPEC cartel, exported more than 5 million barrels of oil per day in 2016 - the country increased oil export by 4.8% year-on-year to 253.9 million tons, according to the Central dispatch control (CDU) fuel and energy complex.
According to OPEC forecasts, the next five years, world oil demand will grow by 5 million barrels per day, and by 2040 - by 14.7 million barrels per day, primarily due to developing countries. But in Russia, a gradual reduction in oil production is expected due to the depletion of old fields and US sanctions that prohibit the supply of shale technologies and Arctic projects to the country.
In the long term, oil production in Russia, according to OPEC forecasts, will drop to 11.2 million barrels per day in 2025 and to 11.1 million barrels per day in 2030 and will remain at that level in 2035 and 2040. As a result, Russia will yield to the United States the world leadership in terms of oil production, and the share of Russian oil in world consumption will decline from 11.4% in 2017 to 9.9% in 2040.
Although Iraq is the second largest producer and exporter of oil among OPEC members, Baghdad has not yet reduced production to the level that it agreed to last winter. The country exported 3.8 million barrels per day in 2016, according to data released by OPEC.
Canada ranks third in the world in oil reserves, according to the latest World Factbook data, Canada exports a little over 3.2 million barrels per day. A non-cartel country exports almost as much as the two leading exporters in Africa. Canada could significantly impede the rebalancing of the oil market. According to Kevin Byrne of IHS Markit, in the coming years only the States will overtake Canada in terms of production growth.
According to the forecasts of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), oil production will increase by 270,000 barrels per day in 2017 and another 320,000 barrels - in 2018. In total, this is almost a third of all volumes that other large manufacturers agreed to withdraw from the OPEC market.
According to OPEC, in 2016, the United Arab Emirates exported nearly 2.5 million barrels per day in 2016. About 40% of the country's GDP is directly dependent on oil and gas production. UAE joined OPEC in 1967.
According to OPEC estimates, in 2016 Kuwait exported more than 2.1 million barrels per day. Kuwait's oil and gas sector accounts for about 60% of the country's GDP, as well as 95% of all export earnings.
In 2016, Iran exported nearly 2 million barrels per day, according to OPEC. In October, US President Donald Trump adopted a new strategy on Iran. In it, Tehran is accused of meddling in conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Trump said that Iran does not comply with the spirit of the nuclear deal signed in 2015 and threatened to change the terms of the deal under the Iranian nuclear program, and if it is approved by the US Congress. This will be the renewal of US sanctions against Iran, which will affect the ability of international companies to conduct business there.
8. Venezuela
In 2016, Venezuela, the parent country of the cartel, exported about 1.9 million barrels per day. Although Venezuela boasts the largest oil reserves in the world, the country is currently in the midst of a full-blown crisis.
The international rating agency S&P announced a reduction in the rating of Venezuela to the default level. Venezuela has been affected by food shortages, colossal inflation and street clashes. The ongoing riots were caused by a multi-year economic crisis, exacerbated by a three-year decline in oil prices. Oil revenues account for approximately 95% of the country's total export earnings.
9. Nigeria
Nigeria is the most populated country in the OPEC cartel; it is also the largest exporter and producer of oil in Africa. According to data released by OPEC, in 2016 the country was slightly ahead of Angola in oil exports - with a result of just over 1.7 million barrels per day.
10. Angola
In 2016, Angola exported 1.7 million barrels per day according to OPEC. Oil production and related support activities account for approximately 45% of Angola's GDP and about 95% of its exports. After joining OPEC in 2007, Angola became the sixth largest oil exporter in the cartel.
The total actual need for net oil imports for all EU countries (28) in 2015 amounted to 3.82 billion barrels (10.5 million barrels per day). Energy shortages in oil and oil products are estimated at 86%. 100% is when absolutely all oil and oil products are imported.
Oil addiction is at historic highs.
Oil imports in 2015 compared to 2014 increased by 4.7% for all countries and by 5.9% for the top 10 importers, however even 2 years of growth in oil imports (from 2013) does not compensate for the trend towards a decrease in imports from 2005. 
In 2015, oil imports are 9-10% lower than the peak levels of 2005-2006. The EU is a stagnant market for energy. Demand there is not growing for three reasons: the economic recession since 2007, increased energy efficiency, and the development of alternative energy sources. Over the next 10 years, oil imports into the EU 28 will decrease by at least 10% in physical terms, mainly due to increased energy efficiency and trends in alternative energy sources.
According to my calculations, based on data and sources from the Euro Commission (EC), in 2015 Russia provided 30% of total oil supplies, or about 3.1 million barrels. in a day. The superiority over the nearest competitor (Norway) is 2.5 times. The average daily oil supply of more than 500 thousand barrels per day is provided only by 7 countries - Russia, Norway, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan. All countries in the Middle East provide only 1.8 million barrels. per day or slightly less than 18% of total supplies. But entering the Iranian market in 2016 can provide at least 600 thousand barrels - that is how much was delivered to the EU (28) before the Iran embargo. All countries in Africa - this is about 2.6 million barrels. 
The table shows which country and where oil went in 2015 to million barrels per year according to my compilation of oil flows. We are talking exclusively about external oil supplies without subsequent distribution within the EU, which is why there are fewer than 28 countries in the table, because not everyone supports foreign trade energy relations.
This is a general outline. And what the EU means by diversifying energy supplies (from where, where and how) is a separate conversation.
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