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Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education

State University of Management

Institute of National and World Economy

Department of Management

COURSE PROJECT

in the discipline "Innovations in anti-crisis management"

on the topic: "Innovations in small business"

Completed by: Potapova E.M.

Checked by: Kuzmina E. Yu.

k. e. PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Management

Moscow - 2005

Introduction

Chapter I. Essence of innovation management

Chapter II. Small business innovation

Chapter III Innovative business in the Kaluga region on the example of NPF Stella LLC

Conclusion

Bibliography

Attachment 1

Annex 2

Introduction

At the present stage of economic development in dynamically changing business conditions, as well as in crisis situations, the role of innovation is constantly increasing, which is a decisive factor in the successful functioning of any organization. After all, no matter how successfully an organization develops, if its activities are not aimed at mastering new technologies that allow the production of new types of products of higher quality and at the lowest cost, then after a while it risks becoming uncompetitive, and this, in turn, means a weakening of positions on market, loss of customers and reduced profit margins.

Small business is the backbone of the economy of most developed countries. This is an area where creative, motivated people can fully realize their talent and experience. It was the ideas of a small business that created the McDonald's hamburger, the Apple computer, the Ford car, and many other useful goods. Any big business starts small.

The purpose of the work is to prove that the innovative activity of even small enterprises plays an important role in the state economy.

Object - innovative activity of small business.

Subject - the impact of innovation on small business

Tasks - study of innovation management, determination of the role of the innovation sphere of small and venture business in the state economy.

Chapter I Essence of innovation management

1.1 The concept and classification of innovations

Innovation management is a relatively new concept for the scientific community and business circles in Russia. It is at the present time that Russia is experiencing a boom in innovation. Some forms and methods of economic management are being replaced by others.

In the specialized literature and official documents, the most commonly used concepts are the management of scientific and technological progress, the introduction of scientific and technological achievements into production, etc., which is typical for a centrally controlled economy. In market conditions of management, there can be no talk of any introduction of anything. This fundamental difference explains the difference in the content of individual concepts in the field of innovation management.

It is generally accepted that the concept of “innovation” is the Russian version of the English word innovatoin. The literal translation from English means “innovation” or in our understanding of the word “innovation”. Innovation is understood as a new order, a new custom, a new method, an invention, a new phenomenon. The Russian phrase “innovation” in the literal sense “introduction of the new” means the process of using innovation.

Thus, from the moment of acceptance for distribution, an innovation acquires a new quality - it becomes an innovation (innovation). The process of introducing an innovation to the market is commonly referred to as the commercialization process. The period of time between the appearance of an innovation and its implementation into an innovation (innovation) is called the innovation lag.

In everyday practice, as a rule, the concept of innovation, innovation, innovation, innovation is identified, which is quite understandable. Any inventions, new phenomena, types of services or methods only receive public recognition when they are accepted for distribution (commercialization), and already in a new capacity they act as innovations (innovations).

It is well known that the transition from one quality to another requires the expenditure of resources (energy, time, finance, etc.). Three main components and form the scope of innovation and are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Scheme of innovation activity

In the scientific literature, there are a large number of approaches to defining the definition of innovation. For example, on the basis of content or internal structure, innovations are technical, economic, organizational, managerial, etc.

There are such signs as the scale of innovations (global and local); life cycle parameters (identification and analysis of all stages and substages), regularities of the implementation process, etc. Various authors, mostly foreign (N. Monchev, I. Perlaki, V. D. Hartman, E. Mansfield, R. Foster, Twist B., I. Schumpeter, Rogers E. and others) interpret this concept depending on the object and subject of their research.

For example, Schumpeter interprets innovation as a new scientific and organizational combination of production factors motivated by an entrepreneurial spirit. In the internal logic of innovations - a new moment of dynamization of economic development.

Technological innovation is now subject to the concepts established by the Oslo Guidelines and reflected in the International Standards in Science, Technology and Innovation Statistics.

In accordance with these standards, innovation is the end result of innovative activity, embodied in the form of a new or improved product introduced to the market, a new or improved technological process used in practice, or in a new approach to social services.

Thus, innovation is a consequence of innovation activity.

In turn, analyzing various definitions, one can come to the conclusion that the specific content of innovation is change, and the main function of innovation is the function of change.

The Austrian scientist I. Schumpeter singled out five typical changes: .

1. The use of new technology, new technological processes or new market support for production (purchase and sale).

2. Introduction of products with new properties.

3. Use of new raw materials.

4. Changes in the organization of production and its logistics. 5. The emergence of new markets.

I. Schumpeter formulated these provisions back in 1911.

In turn, the classification of innovations allows the organization implementing them:

ensure a more accurate identification of each innovation, determining its place among others, as well as opportunities and limitations;

ensure an effective relationship between a particular type of innovation and an innovation strategy;

ensure program planning and system management of innovation at all stages of its life cycle;

develop an appropriate organizational and economic mechanism for implementing innovation and replacing it with a new one in order to ensure the strategic objectives of the organization;

develop an appropriate compensation mechanism (overcoming anti-innovation barriers), which will reduce the impact of innovation on the stability and balance of the system.

There are a number of classifications of innovations in the literature. For example, A.I. Prigozhin offers a typology of innovations according to 9 features: .

1) by type of innovation:

logistical;

economic;

organizational and managerial;

legal;

pedagogical

From the point of view of the impact on the achievement of the economic goals of the organization, material and technical innovations include:

innovation-products;

innovation-processes.

Product innovations make it possible to increase profits both by increasing the price of new products or modifying existing ones. Process innovations can improve economic performance by: - improving the preparation of raw materials and process parameters, which leads to a reduction in production costs and an increase in product quality.

The development of each basic technology is characterized by an S-shaped logical curve. The slope of the curve and the inflection points of development in each period of time reflect the effectiveness of the technology and the extent to which the technological potential is being used. As the limit is approached, further use of this technology is not economically feasible.

The evolution of technology along the S-curve depends on the experience accumulated over time. The success of technological innovations depends on the speed of adaptation of innovations to real production conditions and the characteristics of the environment in which the innovation process takes place. Interrelation of product innovations and technological innovations. At present, any historically stable industry can instantly turn into a volatile one due to the diversification of related technologies. The probability of such an event at any stage of the demand life cycle increases the requirements for making a management decision based on a real assessment of the consequences of applying a new technology.

In recent decades, electronic computers have become a powerful means of intensifying any development. Its first contribution to the intensive technology of the innovation process at the enterprise was the automation of information support. Creation of information and reference and information retrieval systems, data banks, knowledge bases, etc. made it possible to sharply increase the completeness of the coverage of available information, the purposefulness of its search and use.

In modern conditions of intensive production of new knowledge, the processes of creating new technical systems are characterized by an increasing complexity of design tasks: the number of alternatives for the implementation of individual subsystems, nodes, blocks is growing, the list of physical processes that form the basis of their production is increasing. As the number of alternatives grows, so does the number of feasible and workable combinations of these alternatives. All this leads to the need for adequate information support for design and development work, which is impossible, in our time, an ever-increasing flow of information, without the help of a computer.

Academician V.N. Glushkov noted that "the aspects of the use of computers in invention are practically countless" and the next step in this regard was the use of the capabilities of electronic computing technology not only in the search for optimal physical principles of operation (OPP) of future designs or technologies and technical solutions ( TR), but also in the discovery of new and more efficient FOPs and TRs.

For example, one of the methods of automated synthesis of technical solutions developed in our country makes it possible to obtain, by combining elements and features of known technical solutions, new, still unknown TR, provides a largely automatic assessment and comparison of TR options, automates the description of the synthesized (selected) TR in natural language or as a graphic sketch.

Recently, human-machine expert systems have become increasingly important, allowing to combine the experience, knowledge and intuition of people with the capabilities of electronic computers. Especially promising is the use of such systems in the innovation process, which, as a rule, is characterized by a significant uncertainty in the timing, required resources, and expected results.

According to Russian experts, first of all, expert systems are needed to test the objects being developed on test benches. Thus, the analysis of the innovative process of developing a number of types of engines showed that they were created within 6-7 years. But at the same time, the time and money spent on testing the product accounted for more than 80 percent of the total project costs, and the useful time of the testing process itself was only 5-12 percent.

Such a low efficiency is explained, on the one hand, by the fact that due to the complexity of the mathematical description of the relationship of physical processes occurring in the objects being developed, errors in the designs of complex systems are inevitable; on the other hand, when designing, it is not customary to provide for the possibility of failures, because it is initially assumed that the object will satisfy all the requirements established in the task.

However, it should be noted that not in the course of the actual design, but only in the process of long-term experimental processing and full-scale tests, it is possible to ensure high reliability and quality of the products being created. Savings on the development of a program and test system leads to the fact that immeasurably more time and money are wasted to find out the causes of unforeseen failures and eliminate them. Practice shows that this sometimes takes 90 percent of the time of experimental debugging of new products.

The use of an expert system, in which, in parallel with the design of an object, a program of its testing is prepared and optimized, makes it possible to identify weaknesses in the design at the initial stages of the project, which can be corrected before the start of operation of the machines. With the help of these systems in modern technology, its interaction with users and the external environment is more fully taken into account, control and diagnostics are carried out, without which complex machines are considered uncompetitive today.

The enormous possibilities of expert systems are best revealed in their combination with other functional blocks and developed software packages for computer-aided design systems.

In the USA, for example, there are already new computer software tools that make it possible to dramatically speed up and improve the accuracy of preliminary calculations of the cost of a product being prepared and produced. For example, Kodak Corporation's programs can reduce production cost estimates by 75 percent. As the experience of individual companies shows, with the skillful use of these programs, the deviations of preliminary results from actual cost indicators do not exceed 10 percent. Specialized automatic design systems (CAD), designed exclusively for cost estimates, are able to operate with large databases, including data on more than 250 types of structural materials and 60 types of process equipment.

With the help of some models of such complex systems, the choice of new technologies is optimized, the time for the release of a batch of products is calculated, the cost of the batch and the time spent on checking the quality of the products are determined. Introduced into practice and fundamentally new approaches to the construction of such programs, focused on the stage of design and technological development of the product. These programs are equipped with expert systems designed for designers and technologists.

The basic principle, according to which the basis of such systems is formed, is that from 50 to 80 percent of the future cost can be accurately determined at the stage of design and technological development. Typically, these programs are introduced to automated workstations (AWS) of designers and technologists, which significantly increases the efficiency of their use. Thanks to this, in particular, it becomes possible to analyze many cost options. The most experienced specialists manage to calculate the expected cost of a future product with the help of new programs with an accuracy of up to 5% in half an hour.

Thus, thanks to the introduction of an expert system into the process of designing large integrated circuits, it was possible to optimize their development, to carry out it much faster and with better quality. One such system from the American company Bell helps designers obtain a description of a microcircuit, coordinate the transition from one stage to another, automatically compose the necessary documentation, and so on.

DEC uses expert systems in the development of the composition and configuration of manufactured computers, which allows it to create machines with optimal characteristics that meet all customer requirements.

Based on predetermined rules, the system used by the company determines what replacements or additions should be made to the original computer configuration in order to ensure the delivery of a machine that meets the needs of the customer and at the same time has a minimum cost.

With the help of this expert system, DEC has configured more than 90,000 machines and in 98 percent of the cases there were no problems. System performance is six times higher than manual operation. At the same time, 2 percent of orders that were beyond the power of the expert system contain the most interesting and complex new tasks, the solution of which requires maximum effort and high qualifications.

Thus, expert systems are not only a means of intensifying the technology of the innovation process, but also capable of playing the role of "snoops" looking for unknown innovative directions.

1.2 State policy for the development of innovation activity in the Russian Federation

The main role in supporting innovation belongs to the state. In turn, the priority in the volume of innovations undoubtedly belongs to science - because. it is thanks to it that discoveries are made that move the progress of man forward. Considering the above factors, we will consider the process of developing innovation support programs using the example of government funding of science and its activities related to innovation.

Speaking about the modern economy, it is necessary to take into account its transitional nature. This affects the processes of state financing of scientific innovations. This process of change is driven by a number of factors. Among them, it is impossible not to mention the gradual increase with the beginning of the price liberalization policy of shortage of funds from commodity producers, the growth of mutual non-payments, which led to a decrease in the receipts of funds from the main customers - industrial enterprises and associations - to scientific organizations of the sectoral profile. “Reducing” trends also affected academic and university scientific organizations that have contractual relations with enterprises.

The most important source of R&D funding is budgetary funds. They are used primarily to finance research and development in the defense industries, as well as to finance budgetary organizations and conduct fundamental and applied research in academic and university organizations. The foregoing leads to the conclusion that the fall in demand for scientific and technical products in the initial period of the formation of market relations, which led to the difficult financial situation of many scientific organizations, was an inevitable consequence of a change in the fundamental foundations of the functioning of the economy. In this situation, the survival factors of scientific organizations will be the qualifications of their personnel, material and technical equipment. But in any case, a change in existing organizational structures seems inevitable. However, this process should not be dramatized. It will contribute to the formation of an adequate market economy in the scientific and technical sphere, more adapted to the task of accelerating scientific and technological progress. However, favorable conditions for self-regulation will not appear immediately. Therefore, in the modern period, the role of the state is increasing. Another relatively new way for enterprises to use their funds not related to R&D is the purchase of shares and bonds of joint-stock companies and enterprises, government securities with subsequent receipt of dividends (interest) on them, as well as opening time deposit accounts in a commercial bank at interest specified in the loan agreement.

The third area of state financial support for the scientific and technical sphere is profitably directed organizations.

In addition to methods of direct (through contracts, subsidies, etc.) government funding of research and development, it is necessary to actively use the so-called indirect financing of scientific and technical measures, which stimulates an increase in the costs of enterprises.

Other benefits are also used to stimulate the research activities of companies, and their composition and size are constantly being specified. Thus, in the 1980s in the United States, in conclusion, we note that the conditions for adapting the emerging system of financing scientific and technical progress to the realities of a market economy are an active state scientific and technical policy: firstly, aimed at direct financing of both specific R&D and individual scientific organizations in the existence and development of which the state is interested; second, setting clear funding priorities.

Chapter II Innovation in Small Business

2.1 The role of the innovative sphere of small and venture business in the state economy

A fairly common point of view is that small business is an innovative business, because it has a much more fluid organizational structure. Small enterprises in the struggle for survival are more willing to use innovative technologies and developments, and a significant part of firms is directly focused on the commercialization of technologies. But all enterprises arise as small ones, and all are new in some way. Everything innovative is new, but not everything new is innovation. The organizers of the TACIS project proposed their own definition of a small innovative enterprise (SIE). SIE is an enterprise whose share of products older than three years in the total volume of output is no more than 10%. Despite the fact that only about 6% of the total number of employees in small business work in the innovation sphere, this area of small business development can be put one of the first places in terms of importance for the development of the economy. Their development made it possible to speed up the innovation process, to overcome the obstacles to technological progress that existed in the planned economy - departmental barriers, the inconsistency of the stages of the innovation process, the monopolistic position of individual participants in the overall process. The rapid growth in the number of IPID at that time was also influenced by the lack of demand for scientists in the previous period, limited opportunities for demonstrating ability in state academic and branch scientific institutions. A significant part of IPID, regardless of the name, functioned in the field of intermediary services. In the field of R&D, IPID was mainly engaged in the development of software products, design work, and economic research. In the early 1990s, IPID found itself in difficult conditions of a rapid curtailment of demand for scientific products due to the investment crisis, which caused a decline in innovation activity, and an increase in the budget deficit. Currently, IPIDs are not associated with investment demand, so their profitability has declined sharply. Research and development is carried out either on rented equipment or by using it free of charge at the place of work. A characteristic feature of the development of small innovative business at the present time is its instability.

Small business in the innovation sphere is currently being formed in several ways. IPID can be separated from the large state scientific organizations. Their funding is constantly reduced, and they cannot adapt to the new economic conditions. The activities of small firms in this case are mainly aimed at modernizing and improving the types of technology developed at the parent company. MPID can be created as market backups of laboratories and departments of industrial research institutes and factories and be engaged in both purely scientific and applied research, and a full innovation cycle. the way of formation of IPID is to unite a group of developers for the production of competitive and profitable science-intensive products. The period of existence of such IPIDs is often limited by the timing of the implementation of a particular idea.

IPIDs can also be formed as intermediaries to promote innovations and technologies created by specialists in the field of a particular technique and technology. The role of such firms is especially significant in regions where scientific, technical and marketing ties are weaker than in the center.

The deep systemic economic crisis of the Russian economy confirmed that the power of industrial production lies at the heart of the financial system and the power of the state, and made it necessary to pay the attention of all interested parties to the real sector of the economy. In the post-crisis integration processes (after August 1998), industrial capital begins to prevail, ensuring closer interaction with financial capital; diversification processes are intensifying, having a scientific, technological, regional and economic focus. It is its development through the maximum attraction of investments in the real sector of the economy, and above all its innovation sphere, that should become the cornerstone of the state investment and innovation policy in Russia in modern conditions.

The more acute the crisis of large-scale production, the more hope for small business as a "market generator" of innovative ideas, accelerating "from below" (at the micro level) the processes of structural transformation planned "from above" (at the macro level), the more actively "cultivating" new organizational management structures innovative activity, their replication on an economically more and more significant scale as “points (poles) of growth”, the faster the formation of a new corporate strategy and tactics by using the advantages of small forms of organization of the project business with technology transfer. .

The development of innovation activity and the development (support) of small business at the current stage are largely interconnected, they complement and stimulate each other.

In modern conditions, technological progress is of great importance, understood not only as the application of new methods of production (innovations in production processes); but also as the creation and significant improvement of goods (innovations in products). In this regard, the main "points (poles) of growth" are innovative monopolies that arise in the process of producing improved or completely new goods and services. A monopoly position can be occupied not only by large, but also by medium and small enterprises. It all depends on the industry, product or service provided.

2.2 State regulation of innovation activity in the sphere of small and venture business

Abroad, in almost all developed industrial countries, there is a system of state incentives for innovation activities of small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, in France, making sure that the increase in the activity of small and medium-sized firms affects the growth of the country's international competitiveness, they implement special programs to help innovative enterprises, participating in their costs through subsidies, tax incentives, preferential loans, risk capital and consulting.

The most striking example of a successful innovation policy, especially for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, is China. High degree of legal support in the field of technology transfer; a tax system that exempts SEs involved in the development of new technologies from income tax; the system of their concessional lending and financial support ensured the effective use of scientific and technical potential and high profits from innovation.

In this regard, an active structural policy is of great importance - a constantly renewed and ongoing process, unthinkable without active state regulation, which should and can contribute to the optimal development and functioning of innovative monopolies.

Speaking of government regulation, it can be noted that whatever the common causes, all countries with market economies face serious problems. Therefore, many of the problems facing Russia are due not to the peculiarities of the transformation period, but to the cardinal defects of the market, which are recognized by all economists in the world. The current crisis of the world market system testifies to the process of cardinal changes in adaptation, in which a large place is given to innovative monopolies. The main vector of movement of countries with market economies includes capitalist planning in one form or another. The market at a certain stage of its development gives rise to an objective need for forecasting and planning economic processes that act as a negation of the market. As in the process of development of the command-administrative system, there is a need for market relations, which act as a denial of the system that generates them. All this acts as an objective reaction of systems to the difficulties that arise in the process of their functioning. In the most general form, forecasting and planning become tools that allow the market economy to overcome its own organic shortcomings by combining the non-state and state sectors. (Attachment 1).

At present, no society, from the most centralized to the most decentralized, is currently capable of creating an efficiently functioning mechanism. Social, political and technological factors are of great importance. Objective reality testifies in favor of such a situation that, in general, the economy is a harmonious and logical system, and the real problems and difficulties facing any society, both Russian and American, are a manifestation not only and, perhaps, not so much of economic laws. , but those political and moral values that dominate in society, which are based on politics and morality in the form of a collective will and a personal system of values. The crisis is going through the whole human civilization. Does not exist; of a single drug in the form of a market, plan, forecast, the law of supply and demand, but their optimal combination is needed at each specific stage (time interval), which in many cases is achievable under the conditions of an innovative monopoly. In terms of developing a system of forecasting and planning at the enterprise level, it is innovation monopolies that have the greatest potential.

From the standpoint of the development of modern economic systems and the achievement of the greatest efficiency of their functioning, the state policy in the economic sphere, along with others, should pursue the goals and objectives of the formation of innovative monopolies, preventing their transformation into "classical" monopolies. In this regard, two types of markets can be distinguished:

Traditional - where in the garden of objective laws of competition processes of concentration and specialization of capital take place, ultimately leading to the formation of a monopoly. In this situation, the government should take the whole range of measures aimed at developing competition and limiting monopolistic tendencies;

New - when an enterprise objectively receives a monopoly position due to the conduct of effective innovation. In this case, the state is already dealing with an innovation monopoly and should encourage the preservation of its innovative character.

There are the following basic approaches that can be taken to determine the presence or absence of a monopoly in a particular market.

First, market results, when the ideal (hypothetical innovation-monopoly) market is compared with the real situation. Secondly, the behavior of economic entities, when the economic behavior of a monopoly is considered in order to identify its innovative essence. Of great importance is the identification, analysis and prevention of elements of collusion and tacit agreements between enterprises. Thirdly, the structure of the market, when, due to the restriction of the opportunity for an enterprise to freely exit or enter an industry, there are serious problems with the promotion of competition.

The criteria for determining the boundaries of effective state intervention in economic systems in terms of encouraging the innovation component in the activities of monopolies are the efficiency of the functioning of monopoly enterprises, ensuring the effectiveness of the impact on the course of economic processes in the field of innovation, and the effectiveness of budget policy. In terms of ensuring the efficiency of functioning, the state should act as the main guarantor of ensuring economic freedom for all citizens, without which political, innovative, entrepreneurial, spiritual, scientific, creative, etc. freedom is unthinkable. In terms of specifying this provision, the state should strive for an objective assessment of its own compatibility with the market, innovation and competition and find ways to achieve effective compatibility. In cases where the state is unable to ensure the achievement of education and the development of innovative monopolies in a specific time period, it must limit their intervention in economic processes. And vice versa, when the state has every opportunity to promote the economic development of this type of monopoly, then its inaction is very often illegal and can lead to negative consequences both in the short and long term. All methods of state regulation of a market economy should not be aimed at suppressing market signals, including those associated with the emergence of innovative monopolies, but at predicting the likely consequences of their change and based on the institutions of the market organization of social production. The state should pursue an active state structural policy, the main purpose of which should be to stimulate innovative monopolies and structural changes generated by the market. Structural policy should help to ensure and stimulate the socially acceptable adaptation of monopoly enterprises to rapidly changing conditions, especially in industries that are on the verge of recession, stagnation or unstable growth, when these issues are transformed into employment problems. At the same time, a decisive structural transformation is required in industries that are not able to establish themselves in the current economic conditions. Structural policy should focus on encouraging technological progress and consist in direct and indirect support for innovative enterprises, incl. and innovation monopolies. Indirect methods here are the stimulation of R&D and government intervention in the framework of technology policy.

Under these conditions, state support for small business in the innovation sphere is necessary to stabilize the production process at the first stage and make more efficient use of its resource potential; for their subsequent maintenance at a level sufficient to achieve a continuous and progressive trend of low-inflationary socio-economic development, accompanied by stable production growth, a decrease in unemployment through the creation of new jobs and an increase in the purchasing power of the Russian population; to solve in the future the strategic goal of the socio-economic development of any democratic state - improving the well-being of the people.

State support for small business in the innovation sphere in the context of limited investment resources should be based on the relationship between the federal and regional bodies that implement it and the development of a unified policy by them, adapted in each specific case to specific regional conditions. Support for small business in the innovation sector at the federal level involves the definition of state priorities for its development and the formation of a fund of financial resources necessary for investing at the expense of the federal budget. Taking into account the real needs of the regions requires that federal policy be based not on the territorial affiliation of small businesses, but on a targeted approach. Investment funds to support specific areas of small business development should be allocated at the federal level according to the target principle, based on how a specific regional program or a specific regional small business support project meets the national objectives of creating a competitive environment, creating additional jobs, technical level of production, support for certain categories of the population and improvement of the environmental situation. The intra-regional policy of supporting small business in the innovation sphere should include two blocks - programs and activities that are important for the development of this particular region, implemented directly at the regional level at the expense of local resources; programs and activities of interregional importance and meeting the objectives of the national program for the formation of a system to support small businesses. The relationship between federal and regional small business support agencies, the development of a single policy by them should find concrete expression in the balance of various sources of funding for regional programs for the development of small business.

State investment resources should be concentrated on the most important areas of small business functioning that meet both federal and regional interests, namely, small business in the innovation sphere. At the federal level, the state functional-target priorities in investing small businesses in the innovation sphere should include ensuring the interests of the latter in the course of interdepartmental coordination of the activities of federal agencies that provide state support for innovation activities in the following areas:

Formation and implementation of a unified state investment and innovation policy (coordination of the goals of the three main agents of economic activity - in fact, "innovators" who generate ideas and design means for their implementation; entrepreneurs; legal entities of any organizational and legal forms implementing innovative projects; state bodies authorities that establish legislative norms and sub-legislative standards and regulations);

Stimulating the activity of participants in a unified state investment and innovation policy, including direct support for participants providing “cross-program” coordination of innovation activities in the interests of providing state support to small businesses.

Achieving the interests of small business in the innovation sphere can be implemented within the framework of solving the following main tasks at the federal level.

1.Planning a sectoral, functional, territorial structure for the development of innovative activities and state budgetary resources for its state support.

2.Organization and maintenance of the federal register for registration of applications for support of innovative projects.

3. Implementation of the state order for state support of innovation.

4. Improving the federal contract system in terms of selective management of state support.

5. Promoting the development of small business in the innovation sector and the conversion of defense enterprises, as well as improving the scientific and technical level of production.

6. Facilitating the cooperation of both innovative firms (venture companies), and their cooperation and cooperation with large and medium-sized enterprises.

7.Support in the field of foreign economic activity.

8. Formation of the social sphere.

9.Support in improving the environmental situation.

10. Maintaining certain disproportions and disequilibrium conditions in the economy for the redistribution of resources and the organization of the redistribution of resources in favor of innovative monopolies.

11. Creation and development of support infrastructure.

12. Carrying out a tax policy of state support in the innovation sphere.

13. Conducting an investment policy of state support in the innovation sphere.

1. Planning of branch, functional, territorial structure of development of innovative activity.

In accordance with the Fundamentals, the main measures of state stimulation of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities in priority areas of development of science, technology and technology in the field of improving the structure of the public sector of science and high technologies, strengthening the material and technical base of science, increasing the efficiency of using state property are:

Conducting an inventory of the scientific and technical complex, including science cities, including changing (if necessary) the organizational and legal form and ownership of scientific organizations;

Improving the academic sector of science by concentrating resources on solving fundamental scientific problems, optimizing the management system for scientific and scientific and technical activities, clarifying the number of subordinate scientific organizations and the number of employees;

Giving the state scientific centers of the Russian Federation the functions of leading organizations in the most important areas of technology and technology development;

Sale of surplus property and construction-in-progress facilities released in the process of restructuring the scientific and technical complex, using the funds received for additional financing of measures to strengthen the material and technical base of scientific organizations;

Using, in accordance with the established procedure, part of the fixed assets of scientific organizations, released in the process of restructuring the scientific and technical complex, to support small scientific and innovative businesses, create scientific and technological parks, innovation and technology centers and other objects of innovative activity;

Improvement of the current system of accreditation of wrist organizations, transition to their attestation and certification, taking into account international quality standards:

Bringing targeted funding for the development of the instrumentation: base, maintenance of unique stands and installations used in research and development in priority areas of science, technology and engineering to 5% of the funds allocated from the federal budget for fundamental research and promotion of scientific and technological progress;

Providing budgetary compensation to state scientific organizations and state higher educational institutions for the payment of property taxes (unique scientific equipment, stands, installations and structures) according to the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

Reducing customs duties on imported specialized scientific equipment that has no domestic counterparts (as part of the overall strategy for reducing customs duties on imported technological equipment);

An increase in budgetary appropriations for scientific research and experimental development of civil purposes in connection with the transfer to the federal budget of income from the leasing of federally owned property by scientific organizations;

Compensation from the budgets of all levels of expenses of state scientific organizations - state unitary enterprises for land rent (within the limits of land plots recognized as necessary for scientific and scientific and technical activities based on the results of the inventory).

The planning of the sectoral, functional, territorial structure of the development of innovative activity in the environment of small business is carried out through the distribution of state budgetary resources for its state support (determination of the volume and structure of the state order).

2. Organization and maintenance of the federal register to record applications for support of innovative projects of small businesses, and their satisfaction by stages (receipt of applications and their codification, preliminary examination and decisions made on state support, implementation of decisions and allocated start-up resources from the state budget, attracted financial resources from extrabudgetary sources and the results of their total costs, including an analysis of the effectiveness of the implemented project, as well as conclusions from the analysis to improve the planning of state support in the future).

3. Implementation of the state order for state support of innovation activities through the preparation and conclusion of interconnected (along the "verticals" and "horizons" of state administration to support small businesses) contracts (agreements) and multilateral state contracts to support selected innovative projects proposed by small businesses, including direct financial support on equity principles in the pre-commercial phases of the implementation of innovative ideas (completion of R&D, business planning, commercialization of R&D results, assistance in obtaining titles of protection for intellectual property, search for strategic partners and potential investors, organization and support of investment development processes in the start-up period).

4. Improving the federal contract system in terms of selective management of state support, depending on the ratio of such performance indicators of an innovative project as "Profitability - risk - liquidity", the importance of the project in terms of implementing state policy priorities in the relevant area, methods of providing budget allocations ( in the form of grants, interest-free loans, concessional loans, state guarantees) at different phases of its implementation, as well as the cost of a new business that will be busy replicating (exploiting) the results of an innovative project (production of goods using new technologies, new services for promoting goods to the consumer, new consumer niches for goods and services as a result of the spread of innovation).

5. Promoting the development of IPFA and the conversion of defense enterprises, as well as raising the scientific and technical level of production is an urgent direction of state policy to support small business. In the context of the ongoing investment crisis, the material basis for the introduction and dissemination of scientific and technological progress turned out to be extremely narrowed. IPID can contribute to the expansion of the use of already known progressive technologies and equipment in enterprises of the civil sector of the economy. State policy should provide for the creation of a preferential tax regime for small science-intensive venture capital companies, the provision of IPID with risk capital based on the provision of loans for research projects that meet federal requirements and regional interests. The activities of the MPID should be focused on technical developments and their introduction into production. A significant part of the financial resources provided for by the state policy to support small businesses should be directed to regions that carry out conversion and major structural adjustment and have sufficient scientific and technical potential and qualified personnel. Investment and innovation policy in this area should be aimed at identifying through competitive selection, taking into account the economic situation, the most promising IPID in various fields of science. Promising projects that have passed the examination should receive state assistance at the stage of developing an idea, and then, at the stage of developing products, attract capital from commercial structures, significantly reducing the investment risk of investors.

6. Facilitating cooperation both of the IPID themselves and their cooperation and cooperation with large and medium-sized enterprises. IPID cooperation is necessary to jointly address issues that cannot be resolved at the level of an individual firm, for example, issues related to a noticeable improvement in the use of fixed assets. It is easier for cooperating IPFAs to defend their own investment interests in relations with medium and large enterprises, with government authorities at various levels. State support for such cooperation requires additional financial and other benefits for IPFAs that maintain stable economic relationships. Within the framework of associations (cooperation) of the IPFA in the regions, the solution of problems associated with the emergence of new small firms and their functioning can be accelerated. These are: legal registration, obtaining a loan, purchasing the necessary equipment, recruiting personnel, consulting, protecting the interests of IPFA, coordinating production relations with public and private companies. The development of such associations can be facilitated by the provision by federal and regional governments of orders to large and medium-sized enterprises with the condition of their obligation to cooperate with small firms, and to facilitate the acquisition and marketing of the latter's products. The development of small business in the innovation sphere can be facilitated by the integration of IPFA into the production structures of more powerful economic entities. A large enterprise can provide accounting assistance to MPID, advise on marketing strategies, organize management consultations and staff training. Stimulation of cooperation between the IPFA and medium and large ones can be carried out on the basis of the obligations of large enterprises to provide small firms with a certain share of orders for contract work. Financial and industrial groups can play a special role in solving this problem as part of the formation of a new corporate strategy and tactics by “implanting” small innovative firms into financial and industrial groups by using the advantages of small forms of organization of project business during technological transfer (intersectoral transfer and territorial diffusion domestic scientific and technical achievements). Leasing, franchising, long-term contracts for the supply of components under certain financial guarantees can be used as organizational forms of such integration. The advantage of such a variant of industrial organization will be the creation of guaranteed sales markets for IPID, especially in cases where financial and industrial groups make a breakthrough to export markets.

Why innovation is needed

In fact, there is always something in the world that needs to be improved, and the conditions for the birth of innovative ideas are constantly appearing in society. However, they often go unnoticed due to the fact that there is simply no interest in them, because not every entrepreneur has unlimited resources and the desire to spend time waiting. The implementation of an innovative idea or project requires its own time frame, and an early market effect may not occur. Because of this, many are afraid of innovation and prefer ordinary, proven and already working business projects.

In fact, this judgment of entrepreneurs is not always correct. If not for innovative ideas, which, by the way, even influence the course of history, then there would be no socio-economic development of the state as a whole.

Realizing that innovation is closely related to scientific and technological progress, which significantly affects any production, improving both productivity and quality by improving means, most people from the business sector began to treat this differently and came to the conclusion: in our time, it is not enough for capital to apply mere labor. The more creative thinking a businessman has, the more rewards his innovative ideas can bring, and therefore he should also be engaged in intellectual activity.

Thus, any entrepreneur is faced with the question of how to independently learn to find and implement innovative solutions. Very rarely, successful ideas are born as a result of a brilliant insight, and, as a rule, innovations are the result of intellectual work, a conscious and purposeful search for new solutions. There are major sources of ideas that will help every entrepreneur to look at their business in a new way.

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Seven Innovative Steps to Business Success

The first is an unexpected event. This concept includes both success and failure, and what is happening around. That is, thanks to any incident, innovative ideas can spontaneously be born. The main thing at this moment for the management is to see possible prospects and implement them in life. Success will depend on the competence of the leadership, as well as on the lack of a narrow worldview.

Of course, any changes in business are always risky, but after all, the whole business is built on the basis of risk. Experienced entrepreneurs can even see hidden innovation opportunities in unexpected failure, which, for example, will increase profits or push the enterprise to a higher stage of development.

The second is any discrepancy between what is and what should be. This concept includes any dissonance in economic indicators, various discrepancies between the present and concepts about it, as well as inconsistencies between the priorities of the consumer and the entrepreneurs' ideas about them. They, as a rule, do not appear in the reports in the form of numbers that managers receive, that is, they have more qualitative than quantitative moments.

The third is the need of the production process. In this case, innovative ideas are not born from any events, but the need to improve an already existing process can become the reason for their appearance. For example, replacing even one weak link will rebuild the old for a new one that will meet modern needs. To do this, you need to understand the essence of things, and not change anything intuitively. In this case, the decision should correspond to the values of potential consumers.

Fourth - structural changes in the market or in any industry. For example, if an industry is experiencing rapid growth that outpaces the population, then there is a high probability that its structure will change. The reason may be that in the process of doubling production in the industry, rapid obsolescence will occur, and it will no longer adequately respond to what is happening. All this will be a powerful impetus for finding innovative solutions.

Fifth - demographic factors. They play an equally important role in the birth of new ideas. Although until today it was thought that this is the most predictable segment, in fact, its indicators can change rapidly, and therefore it is impossible not to pay attention to such important aspects. Thus, with a careful systematic analysis of such factors as the population size, its age structure, the level of education and income of people, an entrepreneur will have a highly productive and highly reliable source of innovation.

Sixth - various changes in value attitudes and perceptions. These phenomena cannot be explained from an economic point of view, since any such changes are a consequence of the passage of time. They can be used as a source, but it will be necessary to implement on the basis of this innovation consistently and narrowly, given that in this case an accurate timing will also be needed.

Often, for a novice businessman, too much competition becomes an insurmountable barrier to creating a successful enterprise. What if you want to organize your own business, but all the most attractive niches in the business environment of your region have long been firmly occupied? In this case, you can enter the market with something fundamentally new - something that has not yet been offered to you. We recommend to your attention interesting new business ideas, from which you can easily choose something suitable for yourself.

Budget startups

All new types of business can be conditionally divided into projects that require large investments and a serious material and technical base, as well as those that do not involve large financial costs. The latter include activities related to information services, mediation, small-scale production and retail trade. Consider budget startups among the novelties in the business world.

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Sale of gadgets from China

The life of a modern person is filled with all sorts of devices and devices that facilitate and improve the solution of certain tasks. So, today's smartphones allow us not only to communicate at a distance, but also to take ultra-clear pictures, make contactless payments in stores, track the level of our own physical activity and much more.

Most of the new small businesses in this area today come to us from China. Entrepreneurial Chinese manufacturers annually release dozens of new gadgets to the market, applicable in a wide variety of human activities. Here are just a few examples:

battery-powered personal air purifier (looks like headphones);
"smart" shower heads that reduce water consumption;
"smart" glasses without lenses, equipped with a camera and a microphone;
game consoles on Android for lovers of retro games;
a mini computer in the form of a USB flash drive;
phone battery case;
remote control for a computer or laptop.

To start trading, it is not necessary to purchase a large number of goods at once, you can start with a minimum wholesale lot (50-100 items). You can purchase goods both directly from Chinese manufacturers and from intermediaries in Russia. Goods can be delivered to the final consumer by mail or with the help of forwarding companies.

Production of bean bags

If we consider new ideas for small businesses in the field of small production, then you should pay attention to the manufacture of upholstered frameless furniture. The production of beanbags (bean bags, pouffes) does not require special equipment, it can be organized even at home. At the start, you do not need a large amount of money. All costs will be reduced to the acquisition of source materials and advertising.

Beanbag is a fabric bag, inside of which there is a filler. As the latter, expanded polystyrene granules with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm are most often used. Such a bag is placed in a case made of artificial leather, velor, cotton, suede or other material. The most common armchair sizes: 100*60 cm, 120*85 cm, 135*95 cm.

Such interior items are now only gaining popularity. They are purchased by the owners of anti-cafes, training centers, children's rooms. Chairs are made of environmentally friendly materials, and the filler does not absorb moisture and smell. In addition, they are very soft and comfortable, so many buyers are not averse to purchasing a bean bag for their own apartment or house.

The cost of the chair for the manufacturer will not exceed 600 rubles. For example, the price of 1 cu. m of expanded polystyrene is about 1,000 rubles, and this volume is enough to fill 3 bean bags. The price of the finished product varies from 2,500 to 5,000 rubles. depending on the material of the cover and the author's performance.

"Dry Fog"

Many modern start-ups widespread in our country have Western roots. Among the new business ideas from America, the provision of services to remove odors from car interiors using “dry fog” deserves attention.

Fog, more like thick smoke, is generated from liquid using special equipment - a fogger. Equipping this device with a steam jet nozzle allows you to heat the liquid up to 500 degrees Celsius, as a result of which microparticles are formed, which then penetrate into all pores, crevices and cavities of the workpiece, eliminating unpleasant odors. "Dry Mist" leaves no residue and can deal with the smell of tobacco, animals, spoiled food, etc. in just 40 minutes. After the procedure, a light unobtrusive aroma of citrus, cherry, field grass remains in the car interior, depending on which liquid was used in the process.

To make money on this service, you need to purchase American-made equipment, for example, the Electro-Gen dry fog generator and the ODORx special liquids set. The cost of the unit may vary depending on the power, the principle of spraying, the number of settings. The average price for such a device is about 20,000 rubles. The cost of a liquid is an average of 5,500 rubles. for a canister with a volume of 3.8 liters.

Liquid consumption is about 30 ml per 1 car, in terms of value it is about 44 rubles. The cost of the service is an average of 500 rubles. The benefit is obvious. And the service is gaining popularity - the problem of unpleasant odors worries many car owners, and the "dry fog" technology allows you to solve this problem most effectively.

New business ideas requiring medium investments

If you are planning to start an entrepreneurial activity, are looking for new business ideas for a small business, and you have an amount of 150,000 to 300,000 rubles to start, then the following projects will suit you.

Commercial use of drones

Unmanned aerial vehicles, which were previously used only for military purposes, today are an indispensable tool for solving many tasks in the civilian sphere. With their help, you can get excellent pictures and videos from a height, and conduct meteorological observations.

Drones are used by farmers to assess the condition of the crop and track the need for fertilizer, journalists and photographers to get interesting shots and videos. Abroad, with the help of quadrocopters, small-sized goods and medicines are delivered.

The use of civilian drones is a new line of business with great potential. There are several ways to make money on unmanned aerial vehicles: production and sale of drones, sale of accessories for these devices, their repair and adjustment, sale of videos and photos obtained with their help. One of the easiest ways to make a profit is to purchase a drone and provide photo and video services from the air. To organize such a business, you will need:

unmanned aerial vehicle;
mapping software;
license "external pilot";
permission for the commercial use of the drone.

A good drone that allows you to shoot from a height with little or no camera vibration will cost you between 60,000 and 100,000 rubles. The action camera itself will be released for about another 30,000 - 50,000 rubles.

When the battery is fully charged, the drone can shoot from 20 to 30 minutes. For 1 hour of work, 2 lifts can be carried out. The cost of 1 hour of aerial photography is on average 8,000 rubles, while a whole shooting day is usually estimated at 25,000 - 30,000 rubles.

Read more about how to make money on a quadrocopter in the following video:

Vending machines

Innovative ideas for small businesses can be found in the field of vending - trade carried out through special self-service machines. This direction is actively developing all over the world. Vending machines today sell every fifth retail product. International exhibitions of self-service systems are held annually in our country, during which the latest developments in the field of vending are presented.

List of the most interesting novelties presented at the last of these exhibitions, held in Moscow in 2016:

vending machine for the sale of devices for vaping (electronic cigarettes);
apparatus for selling souvenirs (toys, flowers, etc.);
vending machine for selling sushi and rolls;
device for making and selling pancakes - pancake;
an automated aquarium that feeds fish for money;
apparatus for the sale of melt water;
automated storage room.

The cost of such machines varies from 130,000 to 1,200,000 rubles. The advantages of vending over traditional trade are that for the implementation of activities it is not required to rent a large room (several square meters are enough) and hire workers. The main thing in this type of business is to choose the most suitable place with good traffic.

Ideas in the field of production

New technologies for business in the manufacturing sector are now being used for recycling. The most promising areas in this area are:

plastic waste recycling;
in crumbs;
production of fuel briquettes (euro firewood) from wood waste.

Requires the purchase of special equipment. Today on the market you can find offers of both imported and domestic manufacturers, different in price. To organize your own business, it is not necessary to purchase a production line. You can start by buying a separate machine and recycling a small amount of recyclables.

For example, to organize a mini-plant for the processing of household plastic waste, you will need the following set of equipment:

conveyor belt for sorting raw materials;
vibrating sieve;
crushing unit;
centrifuge;
washing capacity;
drying.

The cost of the finished production line will be at least 2,000,000 rubles. The budget option is to purchase a press and a low-capacity crusher for crushing plastic bottles. The cost of such a kit is about 200,000 rubles. One worker can handle its maintenance, 2-3 more people will be needed to prepare raw materials and further process the final product.

How many wonderful and incredible things the world around us can give us. Even when it comes to looking for some kind of stable income, you can find a lot of useful things for yourself. For this, special care must be taken. And then you can find an original idea for your business, which may appeal to many.

It is worth noting that innovative business has some advantages. First of all, an entrepreneur in today's market can rely on a niche that is not yet occupied. And this suggests that competition will be at the very minimum level or completely absent. In addition, innovative ideas allow you to create new products that will always be in value. As for income, it can recoup all costs in a matter of time.

Before starting to implement a business based on completely new ideas, you need to carefully weigh all the possible risks. As experienced investors note, only 30% or 40% of the total number of new projects are successfully implemented.

However, what to do in such cases when the investor cannot guarantee 100% success of any idea? Alternatively, you can take existing ideas and projects and “modernize” them a bit. That is, to bring something from yourself into the finished project, which can significantly improve it. And here it is worth trying to consider the situation through the eyes of consumers. In this case, any buyer will perceive such an idea as a completely new product, which they will hasten to use.

No wonder there is a well-known saying: everything new is a well-forgotten old. Indeed, if we consider many modern innovative projects, we can see something already familiar in them. Take, for example, the monopod that many people use for selfies. Such a device was invented at the end of the 20th century, but it has gained great popularity only recently. The first touch screen phones appeared in 1992, and the display itself was invented in 1965. And there are many such examples.

Some time ago, no one knew about the Segway, but now in almost every major city you can find such a “vehicle”. Often they are used for an advertising campaign, rented out, and so on.

Now a new product has appeared on the market - the Solowheel unicycle from Inventist. The design consists of one wheel with footrests and a battery. You can control the unicycle like a Segway. That is, to move forward, you need to lean forward, to brake, lean back, and tilting left and right turns the wheel in the right direction.

For any entrepreneur, such a unicycle is a whole know-how in business. The very essence of the idea is to provide wheel rental services. With a competent approach, such a business can bring up to 100 thousand rubles in profit. In season, you can ride everyone in any park. In the off-season, you can lend them to advertising agencies for various events. It is quite unusual to meet an advertising agent who drives up to people on one wheel. This immediately draws attention to itself.

Nowadays, almost every organization needs to be equipped with security and access control tools. Many companies install video cameras, turnstiles and various other means. Based on this, you can base your business on the production, installation and sale of some of these tools.

But the first step will be to determine what kind of security or control means you plan to sell. As an option, you can deal with technical means of access control. Their main purpose is to limit the bandwidth at the entrance of the company and control the incoming ones themselves.

These controls are simple in design and therefore easy to manufacture. In addition, there is no need to involve specialists in the case and purchase expensive equipment. And this implies that the initial capital may not be very large. With all the existing variety of assortment, some additional services can be offered.

Currently, the most common means of control are the following:

turnstiles;
tripods;
gates.

But the biggest demand is for tripods. This device is a pedestal with a fixed swivel mechanism with three rods, which are located at an angle of 120 0 to each other. The device during operation allows you to record the number of people who entered the territory of the facility and the number of those who left the building.

Being in search of a good income, it would be useful to attract 3D technologies to your small business. — the idea is unique and has good prospects for the future. To start, you will need a capital of (preferably) at least 15 thousand rubles. The cost of projects will vary from 300 rubles and more, depending on the complexity. However, having acquired the skill, you can create about 100 projects per day. You do not need to know mathematics well to understand that the profitability of such a business is at an optimal level, and the payback period can be the smallest. For this, the first 50 projects will be enough, and everything else will be net profit.

The uniqueness and essence of such an idea lies in the creation of three-dimensional models of any products. This opportunity will allow potential buyers to evaluate and obtain all the necessary information about the selected product. That is, it can be rotated in different directions in order to have a good look. This gives customers the opportunity to make meaningful purchases, and online stores - increased customer confidence. It is worth noting that this area is not yet very well developed, which allows you to engage in such a business in conditions of minimal competition.

There are many sources for accumulating a client base for such a business. As a rule, these are online stores that sell different products:

household appliances;
toys for children of any age;
jewelry;
clothes and shoes and many other goods.

It is possible that dating sites may be interested in such services of an entrepreneur. The list can be replenished for a long time, since even many companies are now conducting active advertising campaigns on the Internet. In this regard, this technology has a rich and bright future ahead, which should be used.

Many of us like such a genre of cinema as an action movie. Shootouts, chases and many other related attributes simply riveted to the screen and do not let go until the very end of the film. The next 2016 business know-how idea will appeal to action movie gourmets.

We are talking about a laser attraction. In Russia, such an innovation is still a curiosity, and therefore you can become a pioneer in this direction. The essence of the game is simple. When the attraction starts, the stopwatch turns on, and to turn it off, you need a special key. This key is to be obtained by overcoming the laser labyrinth. The lasers themselves cannot be touched, otherwise the task is considered failed. Difficulty level can be changed to increase interest. You can also come up with some bonuses and discount systems as a reward.

With the right approach, this business can be organized with minimal capital.

Conclusion

The considered innovative ideas for small businesses are far from the last, you just have to take a closer look at everything that surrounds you. Then you can find something more original.

Back in 2004, Ewan McGregor went around the world with an ordinary paper map, and just a couple of years later he was happy with the latest invention - the navigator. So every day we can find something new in our lives, one way or another, bring innovations into it and improve our life. And each new development or technological discovery gives us the opportunity to earn money by opening our own business.

Let's take a look at the innovations of this and past years and choose one of the 10 innovative business ideas.

Equipment you can carry

Glasses from Google, electronic bracelets for measuring blood pressure, glucometers for monitoring sugar levels ... Maybe not everyone on the street talks to Siri or measures their pulse yet, but more and more of them appear on our streets. People who talk “to themselves” with the help of the most convenient thing “Hands free” can no longer surprise anyone, and very soon all other devices will firmly enter our lives.

These devices can be used to monitor your condition, monitor the dynamics and help the doctor to establish the correct diagnosis. Many of them are already almost invisible under clothes and do not cause inconvenience when worn. The field of helping people with disabilities is especially relevant: the Foot Mouse, a beautiful and original Bradley watch for the visually impaired, was invented. It is useful, important and necessary, it brings recognition and gives excellent advertising to the business.

Water desalination

Clean, and most importantly, fresh water is disappearing from the face of the Earth every day, and in some places it has almost disappeared. This is especially noticeable in African countries, but after a few decades, we can also think about the lack of fresh water.

And while this process has not yet acquired a global trend, experts are already predicting an imminent boom in water desalinators and a new trend in business. After ridding the water of salts, a lot of waste remains, which can become a wonderful source of important substances: calcium, uranium, magnesium and lithium.

Carbon and nanotechnology

Cars pollute the air and the ground - this is no longer news, but a very serious problem that auto manufacturers are trying to solve by improving the efficiency of the car. The less the car spends, the less waste it throws out and the less harm it brings to the environment. All this is possible thanks to carbon tubes, which both make the car lighter and can protect its passengers.

Technique without a screen

On small gadgets, the screen can be either very small or completely unnecessary. It is unlikely that copywriters will write huge canvases of articles on smartphones or super-smart watches. It's time to go back to the future and get a hologram screen or even a keyboard that will be projected onto a table, wall or any other plane. And even (you won’t believe it) on the retina of the human eye - Kickstarter is already raising money for this project with might and main!

Alternative batteries

Semi-liquid. Super high. New generation energy cells should solve most of the energy problems of our planet. But solid batteries do not lose ground and continue to develop: graphene capacitors have been developed and are being used, which are capable of conducting several tens of thousands of charges and discharges.

Ribonucleic acid in medicine

This acid is the most valuable element of cells, which recreates the genetic programs of protein synthesis encoded in DNA. Many drug treatments are simply not able to cope with diseases, but if you influence the RNA (ribonucleic acid) itself, then there is a great chance to cure many diseases, for example, cancer. And the most interesting thing is that interest in this area appeared quite recently, literally, a year or two ago.

Nanotechnology in lithium battery cells

Scientists from Stanford University conducted a study and informed the world that they had found a way to increase the capacity of the most common lithium batteries dozens of times! They promise that soon mobile phones and smartphones will be able to work a week on a bottom charge - like in the good old days of black and white phones. Just a few years and telephone batteries will become nanoconductor. We can only wait.

Biotechnology for health

American scientists from the Institute of Health gathered to carefully study the bacteria that live in symbiosis with our cells. And if the project is successful, soon the bacteria will help us to be treated for a variety of diseases.

Technology + brain

RoboCop, Avatar... For a long time, scientists have been able to influence the human brain through electrical impulses, and vice versa - by the power of practically one thought (and nerve impulses) to move prostheses. But Duke University went further and connected the brains of two mice ... with an Internet connection. And then at Harvard they even began to control the rat tail through the human brain.

log of your life

You can look at the logs of a computer, but what if you look at the logs of a human life? Collection of data from different devices (glucometer, heart rate monitor, mood counter and financial counters, and so on), then their integration into a single platform and a report on the dynamics of a person's condition. And then a forecast for the future. Convenient, isn't it?

Innovations do not stand still and they must be introduced into our lives: gradually, but surely. Bring value and joy, apply the achievements of others to synthesize your unique innovative business.

It might be useful to read:

Innovative business. Where to look for new technologies for business. Commercial use of drones

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Similar Documents

Why innovation is needed

Seven Innovative Steps to Business Success

Budget startups

Sale of gadgets from China

Production of bean bags

"Dry Fog"

New business ideas requiring medium investments

Commercial use of drones

Vending machines

Ideas in the field of production

Conclusion

Equipment you can carry

Water desalination

Carbon and nanotechnology

Technique without a screen

Alternative batteries

Ribonucleic acid in medicine

Nanotechnology in lithium battery cells

Biotechnology for health

Technology + brain

log of your life