Who are entrepreneurs? Who can be called an entrepreneur specific examples

People, especially independents, have never been attracted to working as an employee. Such citizens will not sit in the office until late or plow at the factory in two shifts. Most likely, they will start their own business, become entrepreneurs.

But what is an entrepreneur? Some citizens are often confused about this concept and cannot give a clear answer.

The concept of an entrepreneur

So, in modern society, the concept of "entrepreneur" has the following definition - a subject who is engaged in entrepreneurial activity. Approximately such an answer can be heard in nine out of ten cases. At the same time, many do not even think about what exactly is meant by entrepreneurial activity.

Entrepreneurial activity - a type of economic activity carried out at one's own risk and aimed at obtaining benefits from the sale of products, the provision of services or the performance of work.

In other words, entrepreneurship means the implementation of activities (providing specialized advice, performing specific types of work, selling goods) in a certain area (financial, medical, socio-cultural). And all this is done with only one goal - to get money.

Based on the foregoing, it is possible to give a more accurate answer to the question of who an entrepreneur is. This is an entity that, at its own risk, engages in economic activity in order to profit from the sale of products, the provision of a service or the performance of work.

Who is an entrepreneur?

If you read the concept without thinking about the meaning, you can mistakenly assume that any citizen who carries out any activity receives money for it, and there is an entrepreneur. But it's not. The implementation of economic activity is not yet a reason to call a person an entrepreneur. Indeed, in this case, one can also call Uncle Petya from the next entrance, who, in his spare time, helps his friends with cargo transportation.

The point of being an entrepreneur is to:

manage an enterprise or organization, form initial capital;
use the received profit at your own discretion and make various decisions on its increase or investment;
take full responsibility for the business decisions made and be prepared for further consequences.

The above lists only the main signs that are characteristic of an entrepreneur. But, for example, private entrepreneurship has its own interesting nuances.

The concept of a private entrepreneur

Such a concept as a "private entrepreneur" has long gone out of use. Today they say "individual entrepreneur" - a subject that has necessarily passed state registration to carry out certain activities without prior formation of a legal entity. That is, a person who has the right to entrepreneurial activity on a legal basis, but who has not registered a legal entity.

Obtain the rights of an entrepreneur, in accordance with Art. 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every adult and capable citizen of the country can. Only in some cases established by law, minors are entitled to register an IP.

It is noteworthy that a municipal employee or an employee of a state enterprise cannot register as an individual entrepreneur. Although in modern society this is more of a formality than a rule.

Who is an IP?

Many who read about who an entrepreneur is will immediately answer that such a person is engaged in entrepreneurship. This is true. But it is necessary to supplement the sentence with the fact that a person is engaged in entrepreneurship within the framework of the laws and norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the violation of which entails criminal or administrative liability.

It is also necessary to understand that an individual entrepreneur is not a profession or position, but a special legal status. Therefore, there are hardly any clear obligations in this regard, placed in legislative acts. But still there are some unspoken concepts about what such a person does.

Entrepreneur activity

The main activities of the entrepreneur are as follows:

registration of legal status and obtaining permission for a specific type of activity;
maintaining tax, accounting and other financial statements, timely payment of taxes;
provision of goods, services or performance of work in accordance with the concluded agreement with suppliers, investors, clients, etc.;
ensuring comfortable and safe working conditions for employees (if any);
payment of wages to employees (if any).

In other words, the entrepreneur is obliged to monitor the implementation of certain tasks that are necessary for further profit. How this goal will be achieved, independently or with the help of employees, depends on the decisions of the business entity itself.

How to become an entrepreneur?

Having figured out who an entrepreneur is and what he does, many also want to get the status of an individual entrepreneur. After all, being an entrepreneur, you can not obey anyone and work for yourself. But at the same time, some people do not even suspect what is needed for this.

And to become an IP, you will have to:

choose a suitable area for the implementation of activities;
choose one taxation system, out of two existing ones (general or simplified);
prepare documents for state registration;
pay the mandatory fees and receive a receipt for payment;
go to the tax office at the place of residence and submit the prepared documents along with the check;
get a registration certificate.

You can do all of the above on your own or with the help of lawyers. For example, many beginners prefer to turn to experienced professionals who will handle the formalities, rather than doing it alone. This method is much more expensive, but more efficient and faster.

In modern educational institutions, the concept of "entrepreneur" is given the following definition: an economic entity that organizes activities for the production of products or the provision of services. For implementation, he uses his own or borrowed funds, the main goal of such a person is to make a profit.

An entrepreneur is distinguished by the following features:
- He takes part in the management of the enterprise and the formation of the initial capital;
- The entrepreneur reserves the right to use and distribute the profits, and also makes various decisions, for example, chooses the optimal development strategy;
- The entrepreneur is financially responsible for the results of his activities and the work of the enterprise.

These signs are typical for the sphere of state entrepreneurship, private entrepreneurship has its own characteristics.

Individual entrepreneur

The concept of “private entrepreneur” is outdated, now the concept of “individual entrepreneur” is used. It is given the following definition: an individual carrying out certain activities without forming a legal entity. An individual entrepreneur undergoes state registration in the manner prescribed by law. All adults and capable citizens can carry out entrepreneurial activities, in exceptional cases, this right is granted to minors. Employees of municipal and state enterprises cannot become individual entrepreneurs.

Who is an entrepreneur

Any person who runs his own business or business for profit is an entrepreneur. It does not need to be registered with the state. Entrepreneurial activity is a sufficient reason to call a person an entrepreneur. He can run his own business (business) or help other entrepreneurs in the creation of their enterprises.

Any business activity is regulated by law. If a person is engaged in such activities, but does not have the right to do so under current law, he may be held criminally liable.

The right to entrepreneurship is protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Almost everyone is free to freely dispose of their funds and property, as well as to carry out any activity of an economic nature. Therefore, any citizen who periodically engages in resale of goods or other entrepreneurial activities can be called an entrepreneur.

An illustrative example is merchants in pre-revolutionary Russia. According to the then commercial legislation, they were called entrepreneurs. A merchant is a person who is engaged in the production of commercial transactions on his own behalf.

Not all countries have the concept of "entrepreneur". The legislation of some states provides for the use of such a status as “merchant”. This is a person who makes transactions or other business activities on his own behalf. The difference between an entrepreneur and a merchant is only in the name, the essence of both concepts is the same.

One more, unofficial definition of the term "entrepreneur" can be given: a strong-willed, independent person with original ideas and a huge "reserve" of enthusiasm. Even if you trade in fruit, you can be called an entrepreneur.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

The term "entrepreneur" was introduced by the French economist Richard Cantillon, who lived in the early 18th century. And since then, this word means a person who takes the risk associated with the organization of a new enterprise or with the development of a new idea, a new product or a new type of service offered to society. It is very important to understand that the words "entrepreneur" and "manager" are not synonymous...

Often, however, characteristics such as personal risk, response to financial opportunity, and willingness to work long and hard without taking rest into account, i.e. all that is traditionally considered the traits of a good entrepreneur does not necessarily indicate the ability of the same person to effectively manage the organization as it grows larger. Some entrepreneurs may simply not have the ability or inclination to effectively perform managerial functions such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling... Therefore, it is not surprising that an outstanding entrepreneur becomes a not particularly effective manager. The organization created by the entrepreneur may even fall apart as a result. Research... indicates that, in practice, most new ventures in business fail, and the root cause of their failure is bad management, not bad ideas. If the organization is lucky, a good leader will be at the helm before it collapses...

Organizations operating in a volatile environment simply cannot wait for change and then respond to it. Their leaders must think and act like entrepreneurs. The enterprising manager actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to achieve change and improvement. Entrepreneurship is required at every level if the organization as a whole is to operate as an entrepreneur.

Large business activities that involve significant risk to the organization require decisions that are taken to the highest level of management. But these decisions are usually based on information and on the thoughts expressed by middle managers. If middle managers are unable or unwilling to take risks in connection with the emergence of new ideas, the entrepreneurial ability of the organization is severely limited. Managers at all levels, even junior managers, must look for opportunities to improve the performance and efficiency of their organization. The craftsman who designs and implements a more efficient way to carry out a particular operation is as much an entrepreneur in spirit as a business executive who decides to invest $10 million in the development of a new product.

Being an entrepreneur is not easy, whether it is your own business or working in the structure of an established company. Both organizations and society strive to resist change, no matter how beneficial it may be.

(M. Mescon, M. Albert, F. Hedouri)

Using the text, explain the difference between a manager and an entrepreneur. What functions of the manager are indicated in the text? Who do the authors call an enterprising manager? Based on social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the concept of "entrepreneurship".

Explanation.

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) difference:

The entrepreneur organizes the enterprise, risking his own and borrowed funds, and the manager is a hired manager;

2) manager functions:

Planning, organization, motivation and control;

3) characteristics of an enterprising manager:

He actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to achieve change and improvement.

4) an explanation of the concept is given, for example:

Entrepreneurship - an activity aimed at the systematic receipt of profit from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services, which is carried out independently at its own risk by a person registered in the manner prescribed by law.

Elements of the answer can be given in other formulations that are close in meaning.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, name and illustrate with examples any two ways to improve the efficiency of an enterprise.

Explanation.

In the correct answer, ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise should be named and appropriate examples should be given, for example:

1) the introduction of new equipment and technologies (for example, the modernization of equipment in the clothing industry made it possible to cut more economically and get finished products faster, i.e., increased productivity);

2) a change in the conditions of remuneration of employees (for example, an insurance company, in addition to the salaries of employees, introduced a bonus part - a percentage of transactions concluded, in order to increase the interest of employees in the results of work).

Other methods may be named, other examples given.

An entrepreneur is a person who runs his own business for profit. He can sell goods or provide services, while doing all this at his own peril and risk, within the limits of applicable law.
Boring, dry and incomprehensible, but this is the concentrate of describing who an entrepreneur is. Let's try to decipher this concept in more detail and more accessible.

Who is that?

Back in 1986, on November 19, there was a breakthrough - the USSR Law “On Individual Labor Activity” appeared, which laid the foundation for entrepreneurship in a country where everything was built on socialist stereotypes and collectivism. Back when they didn't really know how to do it.

Entrepreneurs did not have a special name, but the people called them "cooperators", because they organized cooperatives, in which they carried out their activities.

To do this, it was necessary to obtain a registration certificate from the executive committee, or to issue a patent, which was issued for a period of not more than 5 years.

On April 2, 1991, the new Law “On the General Principles of Entrepreneurship of Citizens in the USSR” comes into force in the USSR, where, in fact, the first abbreviations appeared, as people engaged in entrepreneurship were called.

The most popular was the form of entrepreneurship, when it did not provide for the creation of a legal entity, and where the most convenient conditions for that time were declared.

This is how the name PBOYuL or "Entrepreneur without forming a legal entity" appeared.

It is this name that has historically topped the list of business names.

It should be noted that at that time it was possible to apply the following forms of entrepreneurship: with the formation of a legal entity; without formation of a legal entity; with the use of hired labor; without the use of hired labor.

In 1994, in connection with the adoption of the Civil Code, Article 23 of the Code established the name of entrepreneurship as PBOYuL, which came from the moment of state registration.

So entrepreneurs were called until 2003, until Chapter VII.1 was introduced into the Federal Law on State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, where PBOYuL were called individual entrepreneurs.

Recall how the names of Soviet and Russian entrepreneurship evolved:

ETC – individual labor activity. This concept was first introduced in the USSR and existed from 1986 to 1991. At its core, it fully declared only the opportunity to work "for oneself." Many did not quite understand this, but the process was started.

PBOYUL - in fact the most difficult, long and difficult term to understand, stands for " Entrepreneur without formation of a legal entity". Many of the first entrepreneurs assumed this newfangled status, becoming cooperators, manufacturers, in general, the first Soviet and then Russian businessmen. In this name, entrepreneurs existed from 1991 to 2003. With warmth, and at the same time with apprehension, I recall the time when everything was new, and the mentality that had developed in the country of the Soviets began to change in the direction of getting out of the crowd in order to form an independent entrepreneurial unit.

PE - Self employed. Strange as it may seem, this name has never had an officially fixed status, but nevertheless it was exactly that on everyone's lips. Few people called entrepreneurs a long and uncomfortable name.

IP - individual entrepreneur. Perhaps, comparing with previous names, this is the most accurate and correct, reflects the very essence, and at the same time is easy to understand. This legal term was introduced in 2003 and is relevant to the present.

Also, an individual entrepreneur was given a clear definition from the point of view of legislation: an individual who is registered by an authorized state body to carry out entrepreneurial activities in private without an organizational and legal form is a legal entity.

Whatever name the entrepreneurs would have, but the essence itself does not change, although comparing the capabilities of a businessman from the times of the USSR or early Russia and the current one, it can be easily noted that at present there are certainly more opportunities. And names are an integral part of life that we are used to, living in a world of abbreviations, abbreviations and terms.

Conventionally, entrepreneurs are divided into the following categories:

Forced, who began to do business due to a combination of unfavorable circumstances.
Voluntary, which are guided by independence and maximum income.

It is believed that it is better for the second representatives to create a sustainable enterprise with a good profit. Their expectations are initially higher, and are not designed to promptly receive at least some income. Volunteer entrepreneurs include:

Owners of enterprises with small profits that set themselves non-economic goals. They are characterized by a high level of satisfaction.
Initially optimistic individuals who tuned in for high profits. They remain in the initial mood and are satisfied with a lower than expected profit.
Entrepreneurs who considered starting a new project as a platform for gaining new business experience. It was the pursuit of this goal that represented a significant result for them, and not the amount of income.

What does it take to become?

From a legal point of view, becoming an entrepreneur is not difficult. It will take only a week to get your hands on a document confirming the acquisition of IP status - the USRIP Record Sheet (), which gives the right to be called a business entity. Everything is carried out in three stages:

This document was issued until December 31, 2016. From January 01, 2017, the document confirming the receipt of the status of an individual entrepreneur is the Record Sheet of the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs.

You can learn in more detail and thoroughly about all the stages of preparing documents, as well as passing registration actions. by this link.

This is true if we are talking about an individual entrepreneur as an organizational and legal form.

But do not forget that an individual entrepreneur is still an individual, but no one interferes with registering an enterprise as a legal entity, namely:

Limited Liability Company - LLC.
Public Joint Stock Company - PJSC.
Non-public joint-stock company - JSC.

Before you still decide for yourself which is still better: physical or legal status, look at this comparative table, which shows the pros and cons of each of the forms.

The registration procedure is different from the IP, but, in fact, nothing complicated. For relatively sane money, any lawyer will take over this procedure completely, saving the newly-minted businessman from unnecessary bureaucratic troubles.

It is important at this stage to decide on the taxation system: general, simplified, patent (only for individual entrepreneurs - individuals), UTII or UAT.

Please pay attention, we talked about all the systems of taxation of individual entrepreneurs on .

By default, the state inclines business entities to the general system of taxation. It is more beneficial for fiscal authorities and less for entrepreneurs. When choosing a system, it is best to consult with specialists. Law firms that provide services to businesses have up-to-date information on tax optimization issues. It allows you to reduce costs and increase profits of the enterprise. It is best to deal with it at the stage of business planning.

There is a form, but is there a content?

The received registration documents do not yet provide a profit. How many self-proud entrepreneurs celebrated this event as something outstanding, and how many of them went to close the business entity after six months or a year? The statistics here are inexorable: almost 4 out of 5 businessmen curtail their activities in the first year.

The reason for the sad trend is that there is a form, but no content. An entrepreneur is a person whose direct boss is the need to achieve a specific goal:

Earn money.
To buy a house.
Create financial independence.
Make the world a better place.
Buy a plot on the moon.
And so on.

The initial goal can be anything. A little later, faced with the reality of business, the entrepreneur is freed from rose-colored glasses and adjusts his original plans. It turns out that even on the Moon this section is not particularly needed, and the world will somehow become better without it.

But the main thing has changed - he himself is responsible for everything that happens around and with the entrepreneur! There is no boss to complain about that he pays little, makes you work hard and his attitude towards people is disgusting. Now you can not work for days at all, but that's where to get money from after that.

Registration of an enterprise imposes the obligation to regularly pay:

taxes;
social contributions;
rental of premises - if any;
wages of hired workers.

And here it will not be possible to come to the only employee who is on the phone, to tell him that there is no income this month, he worked poorly, and he will not receive any money. Labor legislation prohibits fines for personnel in the ruble, limiting penalties to reprimand or dismissal. So close and be in the field of view of the employees of the State Labor Inspectorate.

For reference: in 2016, according to the results of the activities of the State Inspectorate (134.5 thousand inspections), 98 persons were prosecuted, and the total amount of fines is about 4 billion rubles. The numbers may not be impressive, if you do not take into account that twice as many people received sentences as in 2015, and the amount of fines increased by half a billion with a decrease in the number of checks. This trend is worth considering.

After a few months of such activity, thoughts involuntarily appear that the boss from the last job was not so bad, and if so much effort was put into the last position, it would have long been possible to get into top managers.

Marketing is everything!

Becoming an entrepreneur, you will have to learn not only (or not so much) about new terms, but about their content. “Ah, that’s what the boss meant when he talked about poor lead conversion,” now many boring concepts take on a different meaning.

Attracting customers is the first thing you will have to pay close attention to. You need to think about it even before collecting documents and filling out an application for registering an enterprise. This activity is called marketing. It is on him that the entrepreneur should pay the closest attention.

Establish the production of goods, ensure the provision of services - all this can be done by thousands of employees. Even if these goods or services are of very high quality, they still need to be able to sell. By themselves, they are not for sale.

The mistake of novice entrepreneurs is that they are loaded with the production process. This is a necessary matter, but it is better to entrust it to hired personnel. An effective entrepreneur invests his own forces not in production itself, but above it - sales, negotiations, optimization. All this relates to creativity, for this it is better to hire a director of business development.

It's important to know! There is no clear and only correct algorithm, following which you can create an effective, highly profitable business. We can only talk about the probable sequence of events.

Outsourcing and more outsourcing!

Starting your own business requires you to do a lot and quickly. Where do you get the skills for this? The answer is to outsource.

Don't know how to organize security? A large number of reserve officers will readily provide reliable physical protection for any enterprise. Need a website (we have a separate pro "personal website for SP") but don't understand anything about the code? Freelancer Ivanov will make and set up a high-quality website for a few thousand rubles, freelancer Petrov will create a semantic core for the same money, and freelancer Sidorov will fill it with a dozen articles.

An entrepreneur's time is very valuable to set up sewing machines, discuss wallpapering technology with builders, or discuss training programs with a trainer in the fitness room next week.

Summing up, we can summarize: an entrepreneur is a creative person who implements ideas at his own peril and risk in order to make a profit. Do you want to tile yourself? Please, and this approach is allowed. But isn't it more efficient to search for new customers and negotiate with them? Have you decided to engage in sales without registering an individual entrepreneur or LLC? Well, try. Is it just necessary to risk breaking the law?

Entrepreneurship provides great opportunities for personal development, especially if it is combined with what you love. Therefore, businessmen who have achieved success on their own can hardly be called limited people. The main thing is that the entrepreneur is responsible for everything that happens to him. Learn it!

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