Download presentation on different types of globes. Presentation on the topic "Globe - a model of the Earth." Equator and meridians

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Globe history

Globus from the Latin language globus means "ball". A globe is a spherical model of a planet or celestial sphere.
The first terrestrial globe mentioned in the literature - the globe of Crates from Pergamon - was made in the 2nd century BC. BC. However, neither the globe itself nor its image have been found.

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The first surviving one is considered to be a globe made in 1492 by the German geographer M. Beheim. America was not yet on it, and the distance between the western coast of Europe and the east coast of Asia was half as much as in reality. This model of the Earth was called the "Earth Apple".

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In the XVI-XVII centuries. globes have become very popular. They could be seen in the chambers of monarchs, in the offices of ministers, scientists and merchants. Pocket globes in special cases were intended for travel.
Speaking about the history of the creation of globes, one cannot but mention the giant globes. One of them - a globe-planetarium with a diameter of 3.1 m and a weight of 3.5 tons - is located in St. Petersburg in the museum of M.V. Lomonosov. It was made by the famous European geographer A. Olearius (1599-1671) and craftsman A. Bush in 1650-1664. for Duke Frederick III.

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giant globes

It was created as a planetarium globe. It was painted on the outside - an image of an earthly globe, on the inside - a starry sky with all the constellations. The globe-planetarium rotated with the help of a water wheel and a hydraulic drive, making one revolution per day. A quadrangular door led inside the ball.

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The idea of creating giant globes does not leave architects and engineers. In Italy, a 10-meter rotating “Globe of the World" weighing 3.5 tons was built, and in New York at the World Exhibition of 1964, the world's largest globe, the Unisphere, was demonstrated. A steel ball with a diameter of 37 m weighed more than 400 tons.

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In New York's Crown Park is an unusual attraction.

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Globo de Ericsson is the largest model of the solar system, located in Stockholm.

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eartha

Eartha (as the globe is called) is exactly one million times smaller than the original, and each inch of its surface corresponds to 26 kilometers of the real Earth. The globe with high reliability reflects the earth's relief, the location of the largest transport routes and settlements.

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There are also such unusual globes

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Lego globe

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Mapparium

The Merry Baker Eddy Boston Library has a giant Mapparium made of glass. The inner walls of the ball are a giant political map of the world with sparkling colored lights and city lights. Globe from the inside.

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Equator and meridians

When studying our planet, you should know some concepts.

MBOU Golitsynskaya secondary school No. 2 Koptseva Vita Ivanovna, primary school teacher Globus

A globe is a reduced model of the Earth or another planet, as well as a model of the celestial sphere (celestial globe). The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus. Unlike maps, there are no distortions or gaps on the globe, so the globe is convenient for getting a general idea of the location of the continents and oceans. At the same time, a globe (usually sized) has a rather small scale and cannot show any area in detail. What is a globe?

Belgian collector Stefan Missine published a study of a globe carved on an ostrich egg in 2013. The globe carved on this egg depicts North America. The globe is dated 1504.

The Dutch ambassadors brought a large globe as a gift to the Grand Duke of Moscow Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. Later, 16-year-old Peter, the future emperor of Russia, requested this globe for himself. The Russian Tsar and his children could have a fairly clear idea of both the geography of the Earth at the level of knowledge of their time, and its spherical shape. History of the globe in Russia

The globe shows the political structure of the planet. It shows the borders of countries, capitals, cities, important sea and land routes, and much more. The main convenience of such a model is accurate cartographic data: meridians, parallels, polar circles, tropics. For ease of viewing, the countries are painted in different color shades. Types of globes: 1. Political globe

This type is the most popular. The user, looking through such a globe, will be able to see the location of the continents, rivers, lakes, mountains, oceans and other objects of the physical plane. In some cases, the names of large cities and capitals are applied to the surface. The geographic model is the most accurate miniature model of the planet Earth. 2.Geographical globe

Another name for this species is stellar. It is used by astronomers to study the starry sky - the location of constellations, large planets and other objects in outer space. The location of each object occurs in that place on the globe where this object can be seen from the Earth. 3. Celestial globe

Thanks to this design, the user will be able to study the relief of the planet's surface (mountains and other physical objects). four . embossed globe

Modern globes come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, a digital video globe has been created in the USA. Modern globes

In Germany, the first interactive globe has been created, which can be used with the help of multi-touch, that is, with a light touch of the fingers.

Thank you for your attention!

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"Apple of the Earth"

The myth that the world stands on three whales was dispelled and the navigators proved that the Earth is a ball, sooner or later a map in the form of a ball - the globe of the world - should have appeared. This inventor was in 1492 the German traveler Martin Beheim, who from childhood was fond of geography and cartography. He sketched the earth's surface on a wooden ball in accordance with the maps of Ptolemy, no one suspected the discoveries of Columbus in those days. The inventor called his creation very symbolically - "Apple of the Earth", which is stored in the museum of the city of Nuremberg and is its most valuable exhibit.

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First globe

Globe m. (from Latin globus, "ball") - A rotating model of the globe, the Moon and other planets of the solar system with a cartographic image of their surface. Around 195 BC. e. Greek scientist Crates of Milo made the first globe. In the 1st century n. e. The Central Asian scientist Biruni, who was born in the city of Kyat, the ancient capital of Khorezm, made an original globe, which most accurately conveyed the idea of the globe for that time. Unfortunately, this globe has not come down to us.

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giant globes

Speaking about the history of the creation of globes, one cannot but mention the giant globes. One of them, a globe-planetarium with a diameter of 3.1 m and a weight of 3.5 tons, is located in St. Petersburg in the Lomonosov Museum. It was made by the famous European geographer A. Olearius (1599-1671) and craftsman A. Bush in 1650-1664. for Duke Frederick III of Holstein and was in his residence - in the Gottorp fortress near Schleswig.

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In 1998, the world's largest globe of the Earth was built in the USA. Its diameter was 12.5 meters. Its weight is 25 tons, and it constantly rotates around its axis. giant globes

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What are the globes?

There were "globes-sailors". Once upon a time, navigators took globes with them on long and dangerous journeys. Globes - "sailors" for their long service on ships told a lot. They were battered by storms, blown by ferocious winds. There were "globes-dandies", they spent their entire life in luxurious royal palaces. These globes were decorated with gold, silver and precious stones. There is a "globe-cosmonaut". It is installed on spaceships. A small globe - during the entire flight, the astronaut spins without stopping at the same speed as the Earth. As soon as the commander of the spaceship takes a look at him, he will immediately know over which ocean or which country his spaceship is flying at that moment. There are many different globes now. There is a "globe of the starry sky". It depicts the constellations, the milky way.

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joke globes

Globe of Ukraine Globe of Barnaul

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Puzzles

The entire globe is crossed, Converging at the poles. Gradually move the hands on any clock. Across the land, the oceans Laid ... (Meridians) Above the pole, below the pole.

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Rebuses

globe equator Z,7, LA Earth

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Materials used

History of geographical discoveries.www.garshin.ru Riddles. www.zanimatika.narod.ru What is a globe? www.genon.ru From a globe to a map. http://geoman.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000014/st007.shtml Photos and pictures: http://imageban.ru/code/2928272http://www.ufostation.net/photogallery.php?photo_id =767 http://www.autovipclub.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=976 http://www.vsetutonline.com/forum/showthread.php?s=7dad95627d9d1e61a87185681edfcb51&t=1047&page=8 http://forum. dixiedualsport.com/post?id=5527674&goto=nextnewest http://turj.ru/blog/history/2207.html http://softboard.ru/topic/29721-ukrainapro-zhizn-v-strane/page-27 http http://barnaul.fm/2012/10/09/globus-barnaula/

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Use of the globe

A quick look at today's practical problems Allows us to assess their planetary scale. Terms such as global warming and global geopolitical interests, global conflicts and world globalization are no longer surprising among people today. In such a situation, the ever-increasing interest in methods for displaying the entire planet looks quite natural. Since time immemorial, world cartography has had such a tool - a model of the Earth, a globe. For more than 2000 years, the globe has served as an assistant in navigation, displaying new geographical discoveries, natural patterns, political and military territorial changes. But over time, the appearance of all kinds of atlases and detailed multi-page maps, space images of the surface almost completely replaced the globes, making them a rarity and almost a museum attraction. The purpose of globes remained in demand only in the classrooms of geography, cartography and astronomy.

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Another area of application for globes was manned astronautics, where space savings dictated the need to use a universal globe map of the planet. The situation has changed radically with the advent of computer technology and the capabilities of modern programs that allow you to display virtual electronic
Globes for various purposes. From classrooms, globes migrated to computer monitors, where they can be rotated in all directions, scale and thematic surfaces can be changed with a single mouse click. There is no need to carry a bulky wooden or plastic ball, everything fits in the laptop's memory or is called up via Internet channels. the globe
became a prime example of how one of them
the oldest inventions of man received the second
life at the next round of technological progress.

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The history of the creation of the globe

The history of the creation of the globe has about 2400 years. The first globes were models
the starry sky, which were created and used by ancient sailors for orientation along
stars. Observations of the Sun and Moon prompted people to make the first terrestrial
globes. There is evidence of the first celestial globe made by Eudoxus of Cnidus
(408-335 BC). In ancient Roman sources there are references to a mechanical celestial
the globe of the Greek mathematician Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC) Celestial globes appeared
displaying their own observations of ancient people, as for earth globes, then here
the situation is much more complicated. Its emergence was due to the gradual understanding
humanity that the Earth has a spherical shape and happened in stages, based on
accumulated information about the planet by many tens and hundreds of generations. And only with
the emergence of stable mathematical ideas about the basis of maps, meridians,
parallels, relatively reliable modeling of the Earth became possible. In the II century. BC.
The Greek astronomer Eratosthenes was able to accurately calculate the circumference of the earth.
meridian, and the philosopher Crates from the island of Malos made the first known model of the planet under
the name of the globe. Then followed the troubled period of the early Middle Ages, in which
the cartographic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome was thoroughly forgotten and partially
lost. Only in the 15th century did a new need arise for these scientific works. In the medieval
scientific circulation again included the works of ancient scientists. Particular attention was paid to
"Geography" of Ptolemy and his geographical atlas, which predetermined the development
geography for a significant period.

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In 1492, the first European globe was designed - "Erdapfel" or "Earth Apple". Its creator was the Nuremberg astronomer M. Beheim (1459-1506). The creation of M. Behaim turned out to be a real work of art, which showed the equator with 360 sectors, two tropical circles and the Arctic and Antarctic polar circles. The globe had a diameter of 51 cm and the artist G. Holschumer was involved in its creation, placing more than a hundred colored miniatures on the surface and making artistic inscriptions. This tradition was successfully continued by the artist's followers and later globes were created with the same luxury. To this day, one of these globes is kept in the Dresden Zwinger Palace -
gilded globe-clock of the celestial sphere and the Earth by G. Roll and I. Reingold (1586)

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Well, and, of course, the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, begun by H. Columbus, changed the above-mentioned models of the planet beyond recognition. Information about the earth's surface was constantly replenished until the modern picture was formed, which is well known to most educated people. with some of
followers of the traditions of the globe structure. This is a new word in a long narrative history of earth model making.

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Thank you for your attention

Prepared by: Alexander Trebukhov Pupil 6 "B" class MKOU Maninsky secondary school 2012/2013 academic year.

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Badmaeva Dayana

creative work about the study of different types of globes

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Project on geography "Such different globes"

Slide 2 When studying geography material on the topic “How a man discovered the Earth”, I wanted to learn more information about globes and answer the questions:

When did the first globe appear?
What is the oldest globe?
What types of globes are there?
Where can you see many globes at once?
Are there unusual globes?

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Word "Globus" Latin origin and means ball. A globe is a miniature model of the Earth or another planet, as well as a model of the celestial sphere.

Unlike maps, there are no distortions or gaps on the globe, so the globe is convenient for getting a general idea of the location of the continents and oceans..

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The first terrestrial globe The globe of Crates was the first terrestrial globe made around 150 BC. Crates of Mallus, who lived in Pergamon. The model itself has not reached our days. It was restored according to the descriptions

From modern positions, it is difficult to call this sample a real globe, since it was more of a theoretical model of the Earth's surface. However, its significance is great, as it shows that already in ancient times, assumptions were made about the sphericity of the planet Earth.

Slide 5 the oldest globe

The oldest globe that has come down to us was created in 1492 by the German scientist Martin Beheim. Behaim called his creation "Earth Apple"

The globe of Martin Beheim, fortunately, has been preserved and is in the German National Museum in Nuremberg

Martin Beheim's "Earth Apple" is a papier-mâché ball, 54 cm in diameter, covered with plaster and glued with parchment. It has the equator, meridians, tropics and images of the signs of the zodiac.

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I found out what the most famous types of globes are.

geographic globe

The most popular. The user, looking through such a globe, will be able to see the location of the continents, rivers, lakes, mountains, oceans and other objects of the physical plane. In some cases, the names of large cities and capitals are applied to the surface. The geographic model is the most accurate miniature model of the planet Earth.

It gives a clear idea not only of the location of the continents and oceans, but also of the structure of the Earth's surface.

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political globe

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embossed globe

Thanks to this design, we can study the relief of the planet's surface (mountains and other physical objects). As you know, on standard physical globes, it is customary to highlight heights in color and the darker and richer the tones in a certain place, the higher this or that point on the surface of the Earth. The embossed globe appeared for the greatest convenience and surpasses its "predecessor", showing us the structure of the planet's surface even more clearly.

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Star globe. It is also called heavenly

It is used by astronomers to study the starry sky - the location of constellations, large planets and other objects in outer space. The location of each object occurs in that place on the globe where this object can be seen from the Earth.

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Globe Museum

It is the only public collection of globes in the world. The unique museum, representing the largest collection of globes in the world, is located in the capital of Austria - Vienna and is located in the National Library. It has been operating since 1956, the museum has incorporated a wide variety of exhibits from classic school items to unique handmade globes. The founders of the museum, the geographer Oberhrummer and the collector Robert Hardt, initially invested in it exhibits from their collections totaling several dozen. But in the aftermath, the museum grew rapidly through gifts, purchases, or exchanges with other collectors. Now it has more than 260 exhibits.

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Among the globes there are many amazing ones.

The world's largest rotating model of our planet is located at the headquarters of the American company DeLorme, which produces cartographic products. There is a unique globe in the city of Yarmouth, Maine.
Erta is 1250 centimeters in diameter and weighs more than 2500 kilograms. The globe is so large that for a detailed view of the northern hemisphere of our planet, we need to go up to the second or third floor. The globe is officially listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

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In Germany, the first interactive globe was created, which can be used with the help of multi-touch, that is, with a light touch of the fingers Interactive Globe is a unique interactive information system of a spherical shape.

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Globes will serve people for a long time.

Slide 15. Internet resources

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