Telemechanics granite. LLC VTD "granite-micro". About the Granit-micro complex

Joint research and production enterprise "Promex"

Concept of construction and implementation of ASKUE

on information management components

telemechanical complex "Granit-micro"

trademark MICROGRANITE

Scientific director

SNPP "Promex"

Ph.D., Associate Professor, Corresponding Member. IAU

Portnov M.L.

Introduction. Accepted definitions and notations

1. ASKUE - an integral part of the integrated information and control telemechanical complex IUTK "Granit-micro" of the MICROGRANIT trademark.

2. Certification of IR ASKUE "Granit-micro"

3. Organizational and technical measures to increase the integrity (reliability) of information from IC ASKUE "Granit-micro".

4. Information flow of the ASKUE subsystem as part of the general flow in the integrated information and control telemechanical complex.

5. Criterion for assessing the quality of an integrated information and control complex with ASKUE and ASDU subsystems.

6. General tasks solved by IC ASKUE within the framework of an integrated or

specialized IUTK "Granit-micro".

8. Implementation of IC ASKUE and ASDU of the integrated IUTK "Granit-micro". RTU level.

9. Interface of the integrated IUTK and IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" with communication channels

10. Configuration of CP devices - RTU IR ASKUE integrated IUTK

"Granite micro".

11. Configuration of communications between the control unit and the RTU with the control center of the IUTK “Granit-micro” for various communication lines.

12. Implementation of CP - RTU devices for serviced points.

13. Reservation of communication channels KP - RTU.

14. Implementation of subsystems of the IUTK “Granit-micro” in KP – RTU.

15. The main components of the central technical training center of the IUTK “Granit-micro”.

16. Implementation of the centralized technical training center of the IUTK “Granit-micro”.

17. Software IUTK "Granit-micro".

18. Conclusion.

19. Literature.

Introduction

The basis for the construction of modern integrated information and control telemechanical complexes, including for ASKUE, is the IUTK "Granit-micro" - a new generation of the well-known complex "Granit" ("Granit-M"), the first serial product of the USSR with built-in microcomputers ( OJSC "Promavtomatika").

IUTK "Granit" was recommended by the USSR Ministry of Energy for telemechanization of power facilities of regional power grids, power grid enterprises, and power systems. Over 13 years of serial production (from 1987 to 2000), more than 6,000 Granit IUTK devices were supplied to enterprises in all republics of the former USSR.

IUTK "Granit" is the basis for the creation in SNPP "Promex" - OJSC "Promavtomatika" of a series of complexes - "Granit-ZhD" (for electrified sections of railways), "Granit-light" (for controlling the external lighting of cities), "Granit-ZhD" oil" (for oil fields). More than a thousand of these devices operate successfully at sites.

The developer of the IUTK "Granit-micro" - SNPP "Promex", used the best solutions of the basic complex and introduced modern theoretical, system and circuit principles into it.

When creating the IUTK "Granit-micro", the main parameters of more than 35 products - analogues of leading companies - ABB, Siemens, PEP, Landis@Gyr, Motorola, Octagon Systems, Allen Breadly, JSC "TsNNIKA", JSC "Telemechanics and Automation Systems - Systel" were analyzed - A”, CJSC “Communication and Telemechanics Systems”, CJSC NPP “Radiotelecom”, OJSC “Yug-System Plus”, CJSC “RTSoft”, DEP companies, LLC STC “GOSAN”, etc. New technical technologies have been developed and tested in dozens of publications solutions that allow you to successfully compete with products from leading companies.

IUTK "Granit-micro" takes into account the experience of development and industrial production of the basic complex "Granit", theoretical research of the Moscow State Institute of Electronic Technology (Technical University), conducted by Doctor of Technical Sciences. Portnov E.M., proposals from participants in seminars conducted by the developers of SNPP Promex.

Partners of SNPP "Promex" and OJSC "Promavtomatika" are Dnepropetrovsk State University of Transport Engineers, VTD "Granit-micro", National University "Lviv Polytechnics", Central Research Institute of Civil Engineering (Moscow).

The devices of the IUTK "Granit-micro" are certified by the leading organization RAO UES of Russia, the complex is included (the only one among analogues of Ukrainian manufacturers) in the list of products approved for use at energy facilities in Russia.

Since December 2003, products of IUTK “Granit-micro” have been protected by the trademark “ MICROGRANITE."

In 2004, the products of the IUTK “Granit-micro” were awarded the “Vishcha Proba” sign in the “Instrument Making” category at an all-Ukrainian competition.

The level of ITC "Granit-micro" is characterized by:

1. Certificate of conformity No. RU MX02.B00075 (No. 3697984).

2. Order of RAO UES of Russia dated November 16, 1998. (as of November 1, 2002). Scroll

telemechanics devices, the use of which is permitted at Russian electric power facilities. Item 11 – Telemechanics complex “Granit-micro”.

3. Diploma of the International Exhibition “Energy Communications, Communications in the Energy Industry” - 2000

4. 2nd degree diploma in the category “Automated energy accounting systems” of the VII International Specialized Exhibition “Uralenergo-2001”.

5. Diploma of the 3rd international specialized exhibition “Energy, energy resource conservation, ecology.”

6. Diploma of the International Exhibition "Energosvyaz-2002" for the development and implementation of modern digital technologies in the control systems of the UES of Russia.

7. Exposition of the IUTK “Granit-micro” at the exhibition “Year of Ukraine in Russia”.

8. Report at the second specialized seminar - exhibition “Modern telemechanics, organization of workplaces and control panels”, Moscow 2001.

9. Report at the third specialized seminar - exhibition “Modern telemechanics, organization of workplaces and control panels”, Moscow 2002.

10. Report at the fourth specialized seminar - exhibition “Modern telemechanics, organization of workplaces and control panels”, Moscow 2003.

11. Report at the fifth specialized seminar - exhibition “Modern telemechanics, organization of workplaces and control panels”, Moscow 2004.

12. Monograph “Analysis of the state of production, principles of construction and development trends of information and control systems for automated control systems of distributed energy facilities and production facilities”, Moscow, 2002 (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor E.M. Portnov).

13. More than 70 patents for inventions received by SNPP Promex and OJSC Promavtomatika, including 20 patents for IUTK Granit-micro devices.

After the completion of development and the start of industrial production, IUTK "Granit-micro" successfully participates in competitions and tenders, as evidenced by the table presented

Geography of supplies of IUTK “Granit-micro” and its components in 2002...2004.

Since 1975, television complexes produced by PO (JSC) Promavtomatika have included elements of an electricity metering subsystem, i.e. For 30 years, the developers of SNPP "Promex" - SKTB "Promavtomatika" have been working on the creation integrated information and control telemechanical complexes, including subsystems of automated dispatch control systems ASDU and commercial (technical) electricity metering ASKUE .

1. ASKUE - an integral part of the integrated information and control telemechanical complex IUTK "Granit-micro" brand MICROGRANIT

After the development of fourth-generation television complexes “Granit” in industrial production, the State Institute “System” (Lvov) certified one of the variants of the “Granit” CP as UKUE - a device for commercial metering of electricity. However, the certification work was not continued, since the tendency of certification was not clear.

individual parts, and ASKUE as a whole. As a result, from the creation of ASKUE, the developers of the IUTK "Granit-micro" moved on to the creation information complexes IC ASKUE, which corresponds with the modern “Concept of construction of ASKUE”.

According to the modern interpretation of ASKUE, it is a three-level system, including:

The first level is metering points (current and voltage measuring transformers, meters, communication circuits between these elements),

The second level is an metering object (node), which is a set of metering points and a hardware and software device for collecting, processing and transmitting ASKUE information. An accounting object based on technological characteristics is peripheral device of the controlled point ( remote terminal unit) – KP - RTU ,

Third level – central receiving and transmitting station (CRTS)), conducting information exchanges with all control units - RTU and being part of the corporate (departmental, local) computer network. The central station is connected to the control center by communication lines (channels) of various configurations, types and lengths.

The level of metering points is the measuring part of the ASKUE, and the other two levels are the information part.

The second and third levels of ASKUE - accounting objects and centralized payment systems, are further defined as information complex IC ASKUE.

In this concept, the main attention is paid to the synthesis of IC ASKUE, which is largely explained by the fact that at the manufacturing plant it is almost impossible to create a system for commercial (technical) electricity metering as a whole. As a rule, ASKUE is built on current and voltage measuring transformers already included in the work, previously purchased meters, and connections between measuring transformers and meters. In addition, in the vast majority of cases, communication channels CP - CPPS are not selected by the IC Supplier, but are provided by the System Customer. IC ASKUE software must be integrated into an existing corporate (local) computer network.

2. Certification of IR ASKUE "Granit-micro"

In accordance with these realities, ASKUE is object-oriented and, in this regard, should be certified not at the Manufacturer’s site, but at the place of its installation at the Customer.

To carry out testing and certification of ASKUE, the developer (manufacturer) of the IC ASKUE transfers to the Customer the documentation relating to the IC ASKUE itself, as well as the interface elements with the equipment of metering points. If necessary, the developer and manufacturer of IC ASKUE takes part in testing the system.

Continuing research carried out over thirty years, the developer of the IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" - SNPP "Promex", creates integrated multi-level information and control telemechanical complexes, which, in accordance with the conditions of application, include subsystems in any combination ASDU, ASKUE and emergency information registration (RAI).

3. Organizational and technical measures to increase the integrity (reliability) of information from IC ASKUE "Granit-micro"

3.1.Organizationally, increasing the integrity of information is achieved by the fact that the components (modules) that solve the problems of ASKUE can be separated from the rest of the CP and installed in a separate CP casing (KPM) - micro.

The casing allocated for the IR ASKUE, if necessary, is sealed by the energy sales service to prevent unauthorized access to the communication circuits with meters.

To interface the IR ASKUE CP with the central control system, depending on the application conditions, a dedicated or common communication channel with the IR ASDU can be used.

3.2. Technical measures to ensure information integrity:

Elimination of unauthorized influence on the coded information message received from the meter,

Continuous diagnostics of the operability of the meter’s communication circuits with the control gear equipment,

Comparative analysis of data obtained from the pulse number and code outputs of meters in order to verify the reliability of the data according to established criteria,

Comparative analysis of data received in adjacent information cycles from pulse number and code channels of meters, in order to increase the level of data reliability according to established criteria,

Framing the information received from the meters with a conditionally correlated bipulse code specially developed for IUTK “Granit-micro”, which, in combination with a cyclic code, reduces the probability of undetectable information distortion to the level of 10 -13 ... 10 -16, i.e. achieving high reliability, 4...7 orders of magnitude higher than the requirements of regulatory documentation for ASKUE,

Synthesis of the structure and algorithms for conducting information exchanges in accordance with the accepted criterion for determining the quality of information and the entire IC ASKUE - the integral reliability of information

An important feature of the approach to constructing the IUTK “Granit-micro” is the theoretical justification of the decisions made, which makes it possible to present the main indicators not verbally, but in the form of calculated parameters.

4. Information flow of the ASKUE subsystem as part of the general flow in the integrated information and control telemechanical complex

The main task of synthesizing information and control telemechanical complexes is to ensure maximum use of communication channel capacity and a high level of information reliability when operating the IUTK in normal and abnormal (emergency) modes.

IC ASKUE on the elements of IUTK "Granit-micro" is synthesized on the basis of a theoretical analysis of information flows (L.5), the result of which was the justification of the possibility and necessity of dividing the information flow of ASKUE into two components - operational and non-operational.

Operational the component of the information flow is sent not only to the ASKUE, but also to the operational information circuit of the ASDU, and is used to build a “power profile” in electricity consumption circuits. Based on the operational component, quasi-instantaneous power values are calculated to construct a graph of averaged half-hourly values and generate the corresponding reporting documents.

The operational component of the flow is formed by the number of pulse output channels of the counters, and is the input information for the modules for input, accumulation, processing and transmission of information IR ASDU and ASKUE.

The main motive for isolating the operational component of information from the general data stream of ASKUE is the possibility of maximum compression of information for transmission to the CPSS with one information message of data from several (8...32) meters. Thanks to this, the information load on the communication channel KP - TsPPS is sharply reduced, it becomes possible, without degradation of the dynamic characteristics of the operational circuit - the delivery time of telesignals, telecontrol commands and telemeasurements of current (instantaneous) parameter values, to transmit the operational component of the ASKUE information with a cycle of one...three minutes at information transmission speeds no higher than 200...600 baud.

Increasing the reliability (integrity) of the operational component of the ASKUE flow is ensured by data transfer on a “cumulative total” basis - in the next cycle

information exchange, the data of each counter is presented in the form of a code equal to the sum of the number of pulses accumulated at the time of the previous data transmission and during the interval between adjacent information transmission cycles. This principle makes it possible to implement information exchanges in the event of loss or absence of a communication channel in the direction from the central processing station to the control center and to quite simply and effectively monitor the correctness of the received information.

Non-operative The component of the ASKUE information flow is formed by modern electronic meters in the form of code messages. The code messages correspond to the information exchange protocol adopted in a particular type of meter. According to the data of the non-operational component, it is being implemented commercial and (or) technical metering of electricity consumption.

The division of the general flow of ASKUE into operational and non-operational components sharply reduces the required frequency of polling code information. Due to the fact that the non-operational (code) component of the data from the meter is accompanied by time stamps, the requirements for the efficiency of information transfer can be reduced. As a result, the non-operational component - commercial information - is integrated into the operational circuit of the automated control system without degradation of the dynamic characteristics of the integrated complex.

It is important to emphasize that the operational and non-operational components of the ASKUE information flow in the integrated complex pass along the same routes as the information of the operational circuit of the ASDU (telesignaling, telemetering, telecontrol). Therefore, ASKUE data are generated in the form of noise-resistant codes that ensure data reliability, which is characterized by the probability of not detecting distortions 10 -12 ... 10 -16. As a result, the reliability of ASKUE data within the integrated complex is four...eight orders of magnitude higher (!!!) requirements for the “integrity” of information contained in the requirements for standard ASKUE.

The theoretical studies of information flows in information and control telemechanical complexes have proven the possibility of combining data from operational and non-operational circuits and constructing an IC ASKUE as part of an integrated complex combining the subsystems of ASDU and ASKUE. The results of theoretical research form the basis for the construction of the IUTK “Granit-micro” and, in particular, the IC ASKUE “Granit-micro”.

5. Criterion for assessing the quality of an integrated information and control complex with ASKUE and ASDU subsystems

Typically, the following criteria (parameters) are used to assess the quality of information and control systems:

Reliability,

Noise immunity,

Performance,

Reliability (integrity, accuracy),

The interpretations of these parameters are vague and often do not reflect the operation of the system under real operating conditions, especially in abnormal (emergency) situations. To illustrate this, it is enough to give a few examples.

In advertising and information materials of many manufacturers, performance is defined as the quotient of the length of the information message (in bits) divided by the speed of information transmission over the communication channel (in bits/sec). In reality, this parameter determines the transmission time of one information message, and no more. Real performance is a probabilistic characteristic and, as a rule, is defined:

The time of transmission of an information message via a direct communication channel KP - TsPPS or along a chain including one or more repeaters,

The probability of undistorted reception of the transmitted message by the receiver,

The reaction time of the receiver to the received message,

The transmission time from the receiver (CPTS) of a message about a detected (undetected) distortion,

The probability of receiving the specified message by the information transmitter (IT),

Delay in the start of retransmission of an information message when a distortion is detected,

The message retransmission time.

Obviously, the real performance must be determined by the time shift between the moment of occurrence of the “event for transmission” until the undistorted presentation of information characterizing the “event” to the recipient at a given confidence level of the presented parameter.

With such optimal for the User, interpretation, a strict correlation between real performance and other system parameters becomes obvious.

Another example. It is generally accepted to define reliability as the average time between failures or until failure of a complex or its part. However, failure of any component of the complex may lead not to failure, but to incorrect operation, which may result in undetected information distortion. The example shows that there is a strong connection between reliability and validity. Other examples can show a strong correlation between all the most important parameters of the complex.

It is clear that the traditional assessment of systems using a number of uncorrelated parameters does not allow the Customer to assess the real performance characteristics of the system as a whole (in a complex), especially in an emergency situation.

When creating the IUTK “Granit-micro”, the theory and practice of applying a new general criterion for assessing the quality of information and IC itself was developed - integral reliability of information.

Integral reliability characterized by the probability of not detecting information distortion (regardless of the location of the data distortion, and not just due to interference in the communication channel CP - TSPP) provided that undistorted information is delivered to the recipient with a delay relative to the moment of occurrence of the “event for transmission”, not exceeding the established threshold .

In this interpretation, the integral reliability is a general characteristic of the system and incorporates probabilistic characteristics as its components:

Performance,

Reliability,

Reliability (integrity, accuracy),

Noise immunity.

We emphasize that the above formulation of integral reliability requires taking into account information distortions when calculating it:

In communication circuits with sensors (counters) and actuators,

In input-output-information processing modules,

In communication channels,

In modules for receiving and displaying information,

Programs for entering, processing, and displaying data.

Integral reliability characterizes the operation of the complex both in normal and emergency situations.

The use of the specified criterion for assessing the quality of integrated IUTK determines the structure and algorithms of operation of IUTK modules, as well as procedures for conducting information exchanges both between the modules of one device and the concentrator, and along the information delivery route from the transmitter to the receiver. The influence of the adopted criterion for assessing the quality of IR - integral reliability , reflected in subsequent sections of this concept.

Let's decipher the accepted definition "events to transmit" .

“Event”, i.e. The reason for the transfer (information exchange) is:

Changing the state (position) of the controlled object,

The run-out of the current (instantaneous) or average value of the measured parameter relative to the previously transmitted one beyond the established limits - aperture,

Timer signal

Calling up information

Fixation by diagnostic units of a malfunction, emergency situation or other factors specified in the technical documentation.

Naturally, additions can be made to this list to reflect the individual requirements of the Customer.

It has been theoretically proven that ICs that use event-based data transmission, supplemented by diagnostic (control) information transmissions by call or timer, meet the criterion of integral reliability to the greatest extent.

6. General tasks solved by IC ASKUE within the framework of an integrated or

specialized IUTK "Granit-micro"

6.1. The structure of IC ASKUE as an integral part of the IUTK "Granit-micro" fits into

the general concept of constructing integrated information and control telemechanical complexes of the MICROGRANIT trademark, complies with the current regulatory documentation - GOSTs, standards for telemechanical systems and ASKUE.

The main technical parameters of the IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" are not inferior to the products of leading companies - manufacturers of similar products.

The defining parameters, structures, and circuits of the IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" are patented, which excludes accusations of the Manufacturer and User of violating anyone's copyright.

6.2. Integrated information and control telemechanical complexes and their components - ASDU and ASKUE subsystems - are open to the User, can be freely assembled from any combination of functional modules, and minimize the redundancy of equipment and programs when solving specific tasks of the User.

6.3. IC ASKUE provides interface with meters included in the State

The accuracy class and other technical characteristics of meters must be selected by the Customer (according to the conditions of application - the Manufacturer of the IC ASKUE) taking into account the requirements for object-oriented ASKUE.

Meters must be installed at metering points in accordance with the project.

The communication circuits of meters with current and voltage measuring transformers must comply with current regulatory documentation.

6.4. When developing the Granit-micro IUTK, the following defining tasks were solved:

Possibility of combining ASDU and ASKUE subsystems in one integrated IUTK,

Minimization of redundancy of equipment and programs when implementing the complex only for solving problems of ASDU or ASKUE,

The possibility of introducing modules and programs of the ASKUE (ASDA) subsystem into the IUTK, originally used to solve problems of the automated control system (ASCAE), without changing the algorithms, structures and information exchanges of the complex previously put into operation,

Optimizing the use of limited communication channel capacity,

Ensuring the highest possible indicator of the integral reliability of information,

Maintaining the operability of the operational information circuit in abnormal conditions and in the event of failure of IUTC components.

6.5. The subsystem (IC) of ASKUE IUTK "Granit-micro" provides:

Carrying out information exchanges with electronic meters that form

information messages in the form of code signals. Information exchange protocols via the “current loop” or RS-232, RS-485 interfaces must be open or transferred by the Customer to the IC ASKUE Manufacturer. The introduction of this requirement is explained by the fact that some meter manufacturers (ABB, Landis&Gyr, etc.) consider the information exchange protocol their intellectual property. The protocol is transmitted to the meter user upon his request. In such a situation, the introduction of information exchange programs with meters into IC ASKUE without the User receiving an authorized copy of the protocol may be considered a violation of copyright,

Input, accumulation and transmission of information received from counters in the form of a number of pulses,

Possibility of arbitrary increase (within specified limits) of the number of meters connected to one control panel,

Possibility of carrying out information exchanges with meters installed at the same control point, which use different protocols (subject to the conditions specified above)

6.6. To protect the integrity (reliability) of information, the communication circuits of meters with IR ASKUE modules are protected from unauthorized intervention by automatic continuous monitoring of breaks or short circuits in the number-pulse channels of meters. The result of diagnosing the operability of the circuits is entered into the information message so that the location and type of damage is identified in the central control system.

6.7. Improving the quality of the information received is achieved by comparing data obtained in related information exchanges with meters. In accordance with the established criteria, the dispatcher is presented with an assessment of the quality of the received information.

6.8. The presence in the IC ASKUE IUTK "Granit-micro" of two different (operational and non-operational) components of ASKUE information, obtained using different modules and generated according to different principles, allows for additional analysis of the correctness of the data.

6.9. In accordance with the introduced integral reliability criterion, to reduce the likelihood of information distortion, a specially developed for IUTK is used

“Granit-micro” is a conditionally correlation bipulse code, which is based on the combination of an encoder with a node for inputting information from sensors (counters). As a result, the information protection circuit covers all elements of the route of its delivery from the sensor to the display (registration) elements.

6.10. When using the most insecure mobile communication channels to transmit data to the central communication center, an additional node for encrypting the transmitted data is introduced into the information message generation chain.

6.11. The system for creating and managing databases of the IC ASKUE software “Granit-micro” allows for information exchanges over a corporate network using the “client-server” principle. To exclude unauthorized intervention in the IC ASKUE, data tables are formed in accordance with a pre-established list of “clients” and the access level of each of them. It is recommended to exclude automatic modes for changing the list of “clients” and their rights. Software correction of current and retrospective data is not provided. All actions of personnel (dispatcher) are recorded, recorded in retrospective data and immediately transferred to the corporate network database server.

6.12. The developed automatic diagnostic system in the IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" is combined with the introduction of backup routes for receiving, delivering and displaying information. According to the conditions of use, the following can be reserved in the IC ASKUE:

Modules for entering information from meters,

KP peripheral devices – RTU,

Communication channels KP - TsPPS,

PC – telemechanics server,

Information display tools.

6.13. Technical methods of information protection in IC ASKUE can (according to the conditions of application) be combined with organizational ones. For example, the components of the peripheral part of the IC ASKUE can be placed in a separate housing KP-micro or KPM-micro and sealed by the relevant services, and in this case, common or separate communication channels can be used to transmit the information flow of the ASDU and ASKUE.

7. Composition and technical capabilities of IR ASKUE (integrated with IR ASDU or separated from it) on the elements of the IUTK "Granit-micro" brand MICROGRANIT

Integrated multifunctional telemechanical complexes and information systems for various purposes are built using components of the Granit-micro IUTK.

The main types and parameters of the components of the IUTK “Granite-micro” are given in the table.

	Name of the component	Main parameters, characteristics
	KP-micro casing	For the implementation of TsPPS and KP devices of the Granit-micro IUTK. A power supply, an internal backbone controller and 1…8 any modules from the IUTK range are installed in one casing.
	Casing KPM-1-micro	A single-board programmable controller includes channels for transmitting, receiving, inputting TS, TT, TI, interfacing with protection and automation devices, counters and outputting TD commands. Can be used to create distributed CP devices or as a stand-alone CP for a limited set of functions (planned to be released in 2005)
	Casing KPM2-micro	For the implementation of TsPPS and KP devices of the Granit-micro IUTK. A power supply, a controller and 1…2 modules from the IUTK range are installed in one casing. Includes a section with screw terminals for connecting external circuits.
	KPM3-micro casing	For the implementation of TsPPS and KP devices of the Granit-micro IUTK. A power supply, a controller and 1…3 modules from the IUTK range are installed in one casing. Includes a section with screw terminals for connecting external circuits.
	Wall stand, floor stand	For installation of TsPPS, KP-micro, KPM-micro, BPR-05-02 and additional terminal blocks for external connections (according to order conditions). Ensures increased factory readiness of IUTK “Granit-micro” devices by performing part of the installation external circuits by the manufacturer. The design option for the rack can be specified by the customer.
	KAM module	Programmable internal bus controller, line adapter, modem. To coordinate the operation of the KP, TsPPS modules, for interface with a PC and other device through a communication line of various types and structures.
	KAM-GSM module	Programmable internal backbone controller, linear adapter for interfacing with a GSM modem and organizing information exchanges over mobile communication systems. To coordinate the operation of the KP, TsPPS modules and to interface with a PC and other device via a GSM communication line
	M2M module	Two-channel modem for organizing information exchanges with frequency modulated signals over two independent channels. Each of the channels is similar to the one built into QAM. Used as a data relay from another CP device and (or) CPPS.
	M4A module	Four-channel programmable linear adapter for organizing information exchanges over four independent channels using pulse code signals. One channel can be used to organize information exchanges via the RS-232 interface, and the other channel – via the RS-485 interface. Each pulse code channel is similar to the one built into QAM. Used as a data relay from another CP device and (or) CPPS.
	Module M4A1	Four-channel programmable linear adapter, each of which implements information exchanges with external devices via the bus in accordance with the MODBUS protocol and the RS-485 interface. It is used to organize a subsystem for interfacing with microprocessor-based protection and automation devices.
	MDS module	Programmable controller for input, processing, diagnostics, recording sequences of changes and data transmission of 1…32 discrete signal sensors. Can be used for input, accumulation and transmission of data on an accrual basis from 1...32 counters with pulse-number output signals. A special coding method ensures identification of the states of controlled objects and faults - short circuits and open circuits of communication between the encoder and sensors.
	MTU module	Programmable controller for receiving, processing, diagnosing and outputting control signals for 1...96 actuators using intermediate relays installed in 1...24 BPR-05-02 blocks. Through special coding methods and the introduction of information feedback through communication circuits with BPR-05-02, it ensures the reliability of executed control commands, determined by the probability of executing a false command, not exceeding 10 -16.
	MSU module	Combined programmable controller for input of 1…8 signals from discrete signal sensors, output of control commands for 1…4 single-position objects (1…2 two-position objects). The parameters are identical to the corresponding characteristics of MDS, MTU and BPR-05-02
	Blocks BPR-05-02 BPR-05-02BR	Remote unit for receiving signals from MTU and generating control signals for 1…4 actuators. Load circuit voltage – 220V DC or AC, load current – up to 4 A. Allows you to minimize the length of the control cable connecting the unit with actuators (starters). Option BPR-05-02 allows you to create a visible gap (overlay) between the executive circuits and the operating voltage source. In BPR-05-02BR, a visible gap is not created. Includes circuits for automatic diagnostics of the operability of intermediate relays and communication circuits with the MTU.
	Motor drive control unit BUMP	Remote unit for receiving signals from MTU and generating control signals for 1…16 motor wires with a combination of 220V voltage supply circuits and receiving status signals of motor drives. Includes drive status signaling circuits combined with 220V operating voltage supply circuits to the drive motor. Monitors the absence of short circuits between drive circuits and the presence of “ground” on the control buses. Provides telemechanical and local management.
	MTT module	Programmable controller for input, diagnostics and data transmission from 1…32 sensors (converters) of analog signals 0…5 mA, -5…0…+5 mA, 0(4)…20 mA. The main reduced error is ±0.2%. Representation of the measured signal is a 12-bit code. Provides the transmission of information on an “event” - when a measured parameter is detected beyond the aperture - the established dead zone relative to the previously transmitted value of the measured signal.
	MPI module	Programmable controller for input, diagnostics and transmission of data received from 1…12 current or voltage measuring transformers. The main reduced error is ±0.2%. Representation of the measured signal is a 12-bit code. Interfaces with remote modules of current transformers MTrT and voltage transformers MTrN. Provides galvanic separation of measured signals from the ADC, minimization (less than 0.1 Ohm) of additional resistance included in the series circuit of the measuring current transformer, and minimization of the current (less than 10 mA) branched into the voltage measurement circuit.
	Modules MTrT and MTrn	Galvanic separation of signals received from current and voltage measuring transformers, coordination with the MPI module. Allows the measuring circuits to be separated over a distance of more than 300 m relative to the MPI inputs.
	MIT module	Programmable controller for input, diagnostics and transmission of code data from the “current loop” of 1...4 electronic meters and from 1...8 sensors with pulse-number output signals. Separates information from meters into operational and non-operational components, which ensures minimization of the information load on the communication channels KP - TsPPS when transmitting commercial information, building a power profile in load circuits with a sampling resolution of no more than 1 minute.
	Module KShch	Programmable controller of the control panel and (or) control panel. It is a bidirectional relay of data from the PC processing center of the central processing center or control room for their display by indicators connected to outputs 1...64 of the switchboard panel controllers and data from the command and acknowledgment keys of the switchboard (console) for input into the PC
	Controller KPShch-S	Programmable panel controller for a “light” or “half-light” panel. To display 1…64 signals according to the “half-light” circuit or 1…32 signals according to the “light” panel circuit. To display data 1…2 with two-color, four-digit digital indicators. Provides software control of light brightness indicators and optimal adaptation of the display to real conditions.
	Controller KPSCH-T	Programmable panel controller of the “dark” shield. For displaying 1...32 signals and receiving position signals 1...32 of command and acknowledgment keys. Provides software control of the brightness of indicators and optimal adaptation of the display to real conditions
		A programmable controller is a unit for generating coordinate-addressed telecontrol commands from keys (buttons) located in the control room panel (console). Provides control and diagnostics of the absence of distortions and operator errors when generating technical specifications commands
	MIP module	Power supply for all modules installed in the KP-micro or KPM-micro casing
	MIP1 module	Power supply for all modules installed in the KP-micro or KPM-micro casing. Provides automatic switching to battery power when the main power supply is turned off, generating a signal to switch to operation with a backup power source
	IP-V module	Remote power supply module for display elements located in two or three panels of the control room panel

Technical capabilities and features of the use of components and modules of the IUTK "Granit-micro" are given in the relevant manuals for their use.

8. Implementation of IC ASKUE and ASDU of the integrated IUTK "Granit-micro".

Peripheral control point level ( RTU)

8.1. The implementation of the functions of ASDU, ASKUE using the components of the IUTK "Granit-micro" is shown below ( the components of the IC ASKUE are highlighted in bold on the diagram)

Abbreviations adopted in the scheme:

TS – remote signaling of the state (position) of two-position objects,

TU – telecontrol,

TT – telemetry of current (instantaneous) parameter values,

TI – telemetry of integral (total) parameter values,

CHI – number-pulse output of the counter.

8.2. Interfacing IR ASKUE with meters

Counter outputs can be used to connect CP inputs:
- pulse number,

Current loop circuits

RS-232 interface buses,

RS-485 interface buses.

8.3. Counter pulse output

The counter's number-pulse output must be dedicated and cannot be used in circuits other than communication circuits with IR ASKUE. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition, you should seek advice from the Developer - SNPP Promex.

The counter output must be equivalent to a relay, implemented using a contact or non-contact element.

The meter output must be designed to connect an external circuit with a voltage of 12±2.4 V with an inflowing current of no more than 10 mA.

The “quiescent” current (with the output signal “0”) of the counter’s number-pulse output should not exceed 0.1 mA.

The duration of the generated pulses and pauses between pulses must be at least 20 ms.

The error from the discreteness of data read via the counter's pulse-number channel does not exceed 1 pulse. Data corresponding to the "pulse part" not entered in the current information message is entered in the adjacent message.

8.3.1. The CP IR ASKUE device suppresses the impact of pulsed interference signals with a duration of up to 2 ms.

8.3.2. The CP IR ASKUE device monitors the operability of output circuits and communication circuits with meters and generates a diagnostic message containing data on detected malfunctions - a short circuit or a break in the pulse-pulse output of any meter. Diagnostic data is displayed on the dispatcher's monitor screen, entered into a historical database and identifies the address of the faulty circuit and the type of fault detected.

8.3.3. When transmitting information, a conditionally correlation bipulse code is used, which ensures the receipt of integral reliability, characterized by the probability of displaying distorted information not exceeding 10 -13, regardless of the location of the distortion along the entire route of information delivery from the meter to the dispatcher.

The encoding method and information transmission algorithm used makes it possible to detect a malfunction:

Communication circuits of the meter with the inputs of the CP device,

KP internal interface,

Line adapter - modem,

Communication lines KP - TsPPS,

Line adapter - modem TsPPS,

Equipment for delivering information to a PC - telemechanics server.

8.3.4. The frequency of data transmission received via the meter's number-pulse channels is determined by the application conditions. The minimum time between adjacent information transmissions is 1 minute. Depending on the conditions of use, the indicated time may be reduced.

8.3.5. To obtain a “smooth” schedule of half-hourly electricity consumption, it is recommended to select scaling factors (parameters of current and voltage measuring transformers) so that during a time interval equal to half an hour, at least 50 pulses are generated at the meter’s pulse output (at an average value of electricity consumption). With a smaller number of pulses, the graph loses smoothness and, as the actual number of pulses decreases, it is converted into a histogram.

8.3.6. Based on the data received from the number-pulse outputs of the meters, the CPPS program calculates “quasi-instantaneous”, half-hourly and peak power values for each connection. Based on the application conditions, similar values are calculated for groups of feeders and the substation as a whole.

8.3.7. To prevent data corruption when the main power source is turned off, it is recommended to connect an uninterruptible power supply device (UPS) to the CP device. Taking into account the low energy consumption of the elements of the CP device, when installing a UPS with a power of 500 W, normal operation of the device is ensured with the main power source turned off for 24 hours.

8.3.8. The CP device ensures the transmission of diagnostic information to the control center when the main power source is turned off and on again.

8.3.9. The CP device transmits data from the meters “on an accrual basis”, and the TsPPS program calculates energy values for the time interval between adjacent data transfers and prevents distortion of real data when the pulse accumulators overflow.

8.3.10. The CP device provides the ability to increase the number of pulse channels of the meters without changing the installation or the method of transmitting data from previously switched on meters. The maximum number of pulse counter channels connected to one CP is 256 and, if necessary, can be increased.

The number of channels interfaced with one MDS module can vary within 1...32, and those interfaced with one MTI module - 1...8.

The number of pulse channels of one counter is determined by the application conditions and can vary from one to four.

8.3.11. The maximum distance of the meter's number-pulse output from the CP device is 500 m, provided that the ratio of the amplitude value of the operating signal to the effective value of the interference signal is at least 7/1 and the resistance of the connecting loop is no more than 100 Ohms.

8.3.12. As a rule, a separate pair of wires should be used to connect each meter output to the CP device. It is allowed to combine one (common) wire on the meter side, provided that its resistance does not exceed 40/n Ohm, where n is the number of meter outputs to be combined.

It is not allowed to combine communication wires for meters whose outputs are connected to different modules of the CP device.

8.3.13. The number-pulse outputs of the meter are connected to the terminal blocks of the CP device “with a screw” using wires with a cross-section of up to 1.5 mm 2 in accordance with the data given in the information material on the use of IUTK “Granit-micro”.

8.4. "Current loop" or RS-232 buses

The “current loop” or RS-232 buses of each meter are connected with separate wires “screwed” with wires with a cross-section of up to 1.5 mm 2 to the corresponding outputs of the MTI module through the terminal blocks of the KP device.

The table and connection diagrams are given in the information material on the use of the IUTK “Granit-micro” and the corresponding modules.

The parameters of the communication circuits between the meters and the CP device (signal levels, removal, etc.) must comply with the standards for the corresponding interfaces.

8.4.1. The number of counters whose outputs are connected to one MTI can vary within 1…4.

The maximum number of “current loop” outputs or RS-232 interfaces connected to one control panel can vary within 1…32. If necessary, the number of outputs can be increased.

8.4.2. Data from the meters in the form of a code message is transmitted from the meter upon a call from the central processing station. The cyclicity of calls is determined by the order conditions; the basic value of the cycle for polling information from all meters is 1 hour.

8.4.3. When using a radial connection of the CP to the central station, the call for information is sent to all CPs simultaneously.

8.4.4. The procedure for conducting information exchange with the meter is determined by the adopted protocol. The information exchange protocols for the most commonly used meters are known to the Manufacturer of IC ASKUE "Granit-micro", however, for their use in IC ASKUE it is necessary to provide SNPP "Promex" with a copy of the information exchange protocol or confirmation that the Customer has a copy of the specified protocol received from the Manufacturer. This guarantees both the Customer and the Developer against accusations of violating someone else's copyright.

8.4.5. An information message from the counter is entered into the MTI module, including a time stamp and a code to protect information from distortion (for example, in the form of a checksum for the cyclic code used). The MTI module (M4A1) and IR ASKUE receive the data received from the meter without any changes to the central processing station.

The information message from the meter is framed by the components of the information transfer protocol adopted in the Granit-micro IUTK. Thus, IR ASKUE ensures the integrity of the information received from the meter.

8.4.6. IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" guarantees the value of the integral reliability of information received via the "current loop" (RS-232 buses), which corresponds to the probability of displaying distorted information of no more than 10 -14, thanks to the introduction of an additional noise-protective cyclic code with a generating polynomial of the form 2 15 +2 12 +2 5 +1.

8.4.7. The basic mode of information exchange with meters ensures the receipt of data on an accrual basis from the beginning of the next reporting period, characterizing:

Date and time of reading the information,

The value of active (total) energy for each tariff zone,

Reactive energy value,

Maximum half-hour power value.

The timestamp received from the counter is used when processing data in the central processing unit.

8.4.8. The data in clause 8.4.7 is supplemented with information on total energy consumption for any previous reporting period (month) of the current year.

8.4.9. The basic mode can be expanded by carrying out other information exchanges, taking into account the capabilities of the meters used and the agreed conditions for the use of IC ASKUE.

8.4.10. The mode of information exchange with meters is focused on the use of the most frequently provided relatively low-speed communication channels CP - CPPS, allowing data transmission at speeds in the range of 200...9600 baud, therefore, correction of the meter time by commands coming from the CPPS via the communication channel is not provided.

8.4.11. All IR ASKUE devices that transmit or relay information from the meter include internal sources of relative time stamps that record the amount of delay (in milliseconds) between the moments of receipt and transmission of information into the communication channel.

The TsPPS program processes the combination of all incoming relative time stamps, calculates the start time of information transfer and determines the discrepancy between the system time (of the telemechanics server) and the counter. The resulting discrepancy, according to the conditions of application, can be used to correct the obtained time or serve as the basis for correcting the counter time, for example, using an optical port and a note-book.

8.4.12. The exclusion of the operational component of the ASKUE information from the information exchange mode via the “current loop” (RS-232, RS-485 interfaces) sharply - by approximately two orders of magnitude, reduces the required number of information exchanges and guarantees a “soft” integration of the ASKUE subsystem into the operational circuit of the ASDU.

8.5. Modes of information exchange via RS-485 interface

For information exchanges with meters via RS-485 highway(s), M4A1 modules are used.

The operating modes in the case under consideration are identical to those specified in section 8.4. An exception is the meter addressing system - when using a point-to-point connection, direct numbering of meters is effective, and when using trunk buses

RS-485 is required to transmit the meter numbers stored in their memory at the manufacturer when sending a data call.

9. Interface of the integrated IUTK and IC ASKUE "Granit-micro" with communication channels

9.1. Possible types, types and characteristics of communication channels KP - TsPPS IUTK "Granit-micro" are given in the table.

communication channel	Modification	Interface, data transfer protocol	Technical characteristics	IUTK module	Note
Physical	Dedicated pair of wires	IEC 870-5-101, programmable	Pulse code transmission, distance up to 25 km, communication line resistance up to 4 kOhm, transmission speed 200 ... 2400 baud (for HDLC), lightning protection		Direct connection to the communication line
Compacted	HF channel organized over power lines and other data transmission media	programmable	Transmission of frequency modulated signals, NRZ, overlapped attenuation – up to –40 dB, digital demodulation, basic operating range 2800 ... 3200 Hz, speed up to 1200 baud, lightning protection		Via a standard RF stand
	Analog		Using a standard set of signals - push-to-talk, modulation input, telephone, ground; adjustable transmission start delay, speed 100…300 baud		Via standard radio
	Digital		Use of galvanically isolated RS-232 buses, speed 1200…9600 baud, adaptation of transmission mode to speed		Through digital modems RACOM, Granit, etc.
			Implementation of a standard exchange for modem communication, adapted to the type of modem used		Via GSM modem
Digital	Fiber optic	RS-232 – IP/TCP
Digital		RS-232 – IP/TCP	Similar to working with digital modems		Through ADAM, MOXA and other agreementrs
Digital	Various environments	IEC 870-5-101	For intersystem communication, network operation, speed 4800…19200 baud		Via com port PC of the operator station

9.2. When working over physical, compressed radio communication channels, messages are generated in accordance with the HDLC standard and CCITT X.25 recommendations and include the following components:

Two successive "opening flags"

KP address code,

Code of operating mode and identifier (type) of data,

Information field,

Protection fields – control sequence of a cyclic code with a generating polynomial of the form 2 15 +2 12 +2 5 +1,

- “closing flag”.

Pauses between information cycles are filled with “meanders” - alternating signals “1” and “0”.

The information field, as a rule, is formed in the form of a conditionally correlation bipulse code (except for the case of transmission of code data from meters, which are transmitted unchanged to the communication channel).

9.3. According to the conditions of use, an industrial controller is introduced into the CP device for primary processing of information and carrying out information exchanges with the control center according to the IEC 870-5-101 standard. These exchanges are carried out using communication channels that allow data transmission at a speed of at least 19200 bits/sec.

9.4. According to the application conditions, when using mobile communication channels or intermediate modules - gateways, information messages are generated in accordance with the RS-232 (RS-485) interface.

9.5. The adopted coding methods and the structure of input, processing and transmission provide an integral reliability characterized by the probability of not detecting information distortion, including interference in the communication channel, no more than 10 -13.

9.6. Data is transmitted sporadically to the communication channel - when an “event for transmission” is recorded. Sporadic transmission is supplemented by diagnostic (monitoring) transmissions on call from the CPPS.

9.7. Transmitter modules include a software-controlled timer that provides automatic retransmission if a “receipt” - confirmation of undistorted reception of an information message - is not received within the specified time.

9.8. According to the conditions of application, the CP device modules can be divided into priority levels. Modules whose information is assigned a higher priority have advantages when analyzing their “data transfer requirements”.

9.9. The interface circuits of the CP device with the communication line are protected from the effects of thunderstorms and other interfering factors. Protection elements ensure automatic restoration of functionality after exposure to interference with a power of up to 500 W with a duration of no more than 1 μs (or, accordingly, less powerful signals with a longer duration). If the specified limit is exceeded, the functionality of the device is not automatically restored - the protection element (fuse) must be replaced.

9.10. The interface circuits of the CP device with the communication line are galvanically isolated from the other circuits of the device. The insulation voltage of separated circuits is at least 1500 V.

9.11. When receiving information messages, the most noise-resistant type of synchronization is used - inertial.

9.12. Threshold elements are introduced into the information receiving nodes that suppress the influence of interference, the amplitude of which does not exceed 0.2 of the amplitude of the working signal, and the duration of which does not exceed 0.3 of the duration of the working signal.

9.13. Algorithms for conducting information exchanges make it possible to almost continuously monitor the quality of the communication channel used. The control result is entered into the database and displayed on the PC screen - the telemechanics server.

9.14. Depending on the application conditions, the main communication channel can be reserved. The type and conditions of data transmission via a backup communication channel are stipulated in the IC supply agreement.

10. Device configuration KP - RTU IR ASKUE integrated IUTK

"Granite micro".

CP devices can include in any combination modules of the subsystems ASDU, ASKUE and

registration of emergency information.

According to the placement conditions, it is possible to implement devices with concentrated and

decentralized placement of control modules.

10.1. Implementation of CP - RTU with concentrated placement of modules in one casing.

10.1.1. An example of a CP - RTU IR ASKUE for interfacing with 1…12 meters

according to the “current loop”.

The device is sold in one housing KPM-3 – micro in accordance with the table. Each MTI IR module included in the IR module allows you to connect to the device not only 1…4 channels of the “current loop”, but also 1…8 number-pulse outputs of counters.

10.1.2. When implementing a CP device in a KPM-2-micro casing, it is installed

one or two MIT modules with corresponding information capabilities.

10.1.3. To interface with meters via the RS-485 interface, instead of the MTI module, the M4A1 module is used, which includes circuits of four independent RS-485 highways. The division of communication buses with meters on the main line is determined by the application conditions. Meters with the same information exchange protocols can be connected to one module channel.

10.1.4. MDS modules can be used to connect number-pulse counter channels to the device. It is advisable to use MDS modules if M4A1 modules are used to interface with code outputs of meters via RS-485 buses, or when interfacing with meters that do not have code message outputs.

10.1.5. Modules MTI, MDS, M4A1 can be installed in the KPM-micro casing in any combination and in any order.

10.1.6. If the required amount of information cannot be realized by modules installed in the KPM-2-micro or KPM-3-micro housing, it is necessary to use the KPM-micro housing.

In addition to the mandatory MIP and KAM modules, up to 8 modules of the indicated types are installed in the KP-micro casing in any order and combination.

10.1.7. ASKUE subsystem modules can be placed in the same casing together with ASDU modules. The order of placement of modules is arbitrary.

10.2. Design of the gearbox in two (three) casings with “concentrated” placement of modules

10.2.1. If, according to the conditions of use of an integrated CP device, the total volume of information of the ASKUE and ASDU subsystems cannot be implemented by the modules of one casing, two (three) casings should be used for such a CP.

10.2.2. It is advisable (for example, to solve organizational issues of creating an ASKUE) when using more than one casing, the ASKUE subsystem modules should be placed in a separate housing.

According to the conditions of application, modules of the ASKUE subsystem can be placed in a separate casing, even if one casing is sufficient to implement the integrated volume of information.

10.2.3. When combining two (three) gearbox housings into one device, it is necessary to use an additional KAM module. The diagram of the KP device, built on one KP-micro casing and one KPM-3-micro casing, is shown below

Casing No. 1 (KP - micro) Casing No. 2 (KPM-3 - micro)

Power network

Pairing with the central processing station

Any module from the IUTK “Granit-micro” set

Interface with housing No. 2 via RS-232 interface buses

Power network

Interface with housing No. 1 via RS-232 interface buses

Connection of 1…4 current loop outputs + 1…8 pulse number outputs

In the given embodiment of the control panel, IR modules are placed in the second casing

ASKUE. The placement of modules in a real CP device can be any other.

10.2.4. When implementing a CP device in three casings, two additional KAM modules are installed in the first casing, connected, as shown above, to the KAM modules of the second and third casings.

10.2.5. One KP-micro casing can accommodate modules of the ASDU subsystems and

ASKUE. Below is an example of the control panel configuration when placing the ASDU equipment

and ASKUE in one KP-micro casing.

The composition of the CP - RTU is determined by the order conditions and may differ from the given

in the example. Any type of module from the IUTK “Granit-micro” nomenclature is installed on any place in the frame in any order.

10.3. Construction of a distributed control center - RTU

10.3.1. Using “basic” modules to build a distributed device

IUTK "Granit-micro"

The CP equipment - RTU of the example below is located in three spaced

casings KPM3-micro and one casing KPM3-micro - information concentrator. The concentrator relays all information received from the CP - RTU parts to the CPPS, and received from the CPPS - to the spaced parts of the CP - RTU.

The composition, number and method of connecting spaced parts of the RTU to the hub can be any other and determined by the order conditions.

We emphasize that in the considered example, the KAM module introduced into the concentrator generates information messages in the basic protocols for the Granit-micro IUTK.

MTU+ remote BPR-05-02

Hub

10.3.2. Use for building dispersed control units - RTU controllers

KPM-1-micro.

For this option, a new multifunctional single-board controller, planned for release in 2005.

The KPM-1-micro controller implements the functions of input, processing, and generation of an information message received:

From 1…16 sensors of discrete or pulse number signals,

From 1…8 analog signal sensors,

From 1...2 meters via “current loop”, RS-485 interface or from devices

protection and automation via 1…2 RS-485 highways,

For 1…8 actuators with control signal output when

rated voltage of actuator circuits 220V and current up to 4A (if the number of actuators is more than two, an external unit BPR-05-02 from the Granit-micro IUTK range is used to generate output signals).

KPM-1-micro controllers can also be used to build IR ASKUE.

Using the HDLC protocol, which is basic for IUTK Granit, direct communication can be realized

single-board controller with central processing unit via a dedicated pair of wires. This option is advisable to use for telemechanization of objects with small information volumes.

To combine dispersed controllers into one device, the CP is used

RS-485 bus.

An example of the implementation of a CP device consisting of 1…n (n≤32) distributed KPM-1-micro controllers is given below.

KPM-1-micro

11. KP connections configuration - RTU with TsPPS IUTK "Granit-micro" for various communication lines

In IUTK "Granit-micro" and, accordingly, in IC ASKUE the following communication lines (channels) can be used:

Radial,

Trunk,

Chain (transit),

Arbitrary, consisting of a combination of the above types of communication lines.

The following can be used as a medium for transmitting information:

Dedicated pairs of wires,

HF communication channels organized along power lines and their analogues,

Radio communication channels organized by analogue radio stations,

Radio communication channels organized by digital modems (for example, “Granit” type, Russia),

Radio communication channels organized using GSM modems,

Digital communication channels - fiber optic, Radio Ethernet.

Configurations of connections between the control panel and the control center are given below.

11.1. Radial communication lines

11.5. Multi-level structures based on IUTK "Granit-micro"

One of the options for a two-level system is shown below.

11.7. Implementation of options for connecting CP - RTU to communication lines.

For all of the above configurations for connecting CP - RTU to communication lines, as a rule, the HDLC protocol is used according to IEC X.25 recommendations.

The KAM module is used as a communication controller - modem for dedicated, compressed, radio communication channels in KP - RTU devices. The KAM module adapts to application conditions using the proprietary micro ADA program without removing the module from the device.

11.8. To connect to a GSM modem communication line, a KAM – GSM controller is installed in the CP device instead of a KAM controller.

11.9. Using an intelligent controller – “gateway”.

According to the conditions of use, transport media can be used to interface the CP with the CPPS in which the use of the basic protocol of the IUTK “Granit-micro” is impractical or impossible. For example, if there is a high-speed communication channel (fiber optic, satellite or Radio Ethernet), the user may prefer the data transfer protocol according to the IEC 870-5-101 or TCP/IP standard.

To connect CP devices – RTU and TsPPS for such transport media as part of the CP - RTU and TsPPS external gateways are introduced - intelligent interface cards. Intelligent gateways ensure compatibility between the basic IUTK “Granit-micro” and the data transfer protocol actually used in the system. In addition, the gateway is assigned the following tasks:

Additional encryption of information exchange data,

Translation of absolute addresses of objects into telemechanical ones and vice versa,

Automatic (programmed) routing of transported information,

Controlling the delivery of information to the recipient,

Diagnostics of the quality of the transport route.

To implement the gateway, programmable controllers ADAM, MOXA, etc., adaptable to application conditions, can be used.

An example of pairing a CP-RTU with a gateway is given below.

12. Implementation of control gear devices – RTU for serviced points

12.1. Depending on the conditions of use, any CP-RTU device may include a PC. Note that in order to diagnose the operation of the device, test channels, set up input-output circuits, a PC (note book) can be temporarily connected to the CP device. The temporarily connected PC is equipped with a proprietary software package for automated telemechanics or micro OIC “Granit-micro”, which provide:

Independence of test modes and pairing of the CP device with the control panel,

Displaying on the note book monitor screen a mnemonic diagram of the object, similar to that displayed on the monitor screen of the dispatcher's PC.

12.2. Main tasks solved using a PC permanently connected to the serviced control panel:

Sorting data for transmission to the control center,

Formation of information arrays with binding of “events” to system time (recorded by the PC),

Implementation of information exchanges with the control panel in accordance with the IEC 870-5-101 standard,

Conducting information exchanges over a local (corporate, departmental) network in accordance with the protocol and database type adopted for the network,

Recording and displaying oscillograms of emergency processes recorded by protection and automation devices,

Displaying data on the monitor screen when calling personnel,

Implementation of other modes based on commands from the dispatcher (operator), taking into account the access rights granted to him.

12.3. For temporary or permanent connection of a PC, use a connector located on the bottom edge of the gearbox casing (KPM) - micro.

12.4. When the PC is permanently connected to the CP - RTU, the additional KAM module is turned on in accordance with the diagram below

13. Reservation of communication channels KP – RTU

13.1. For the main and backup information delivery routes, different communication channels can be used at different information transfer rates.

To reserve communication between the gearbox and the control center, the gearbox includes an additional KAM module, installed on any vacant place in the gearbox casing (KPM) - micro, which, during adaptation, is assigned the telemechanical address of this gearbox.

13.2. Two KAM modules are installed in the CPSS device for information exchange with the CP via the main and backup communication channels. According to the conditions of use, M2M or M4A modules can be used for communication with the control panel in the central processing station. The survivability of the IUTK increases if the interface modules with the CP along the main and backup routes are placed in different CP-micro casings.

13.3. To prevent the transmission of requests, receipts and control commands from the central control point along different routes to the same control device, one of the directions of data transmission from the central control point in the direction of the selected control point is blocked.

Otherwise, the normal operation of the gearbox device may be disrupted. Since the time of delivery of data from the central processing station to the control room via the main and backup communication lines can differ significantly, when transmitting information along the main and backup routes, a false acknowledgment of a new message is possible using a receipt confirming the receipt of the first message received after the transmission of the new message.

Blocking and unblocking of data transmission over any communication line is carried out by command from the OIC “Granit-micro” program without stopping the operating mode.

13.4. The CPPS can be set to receive information messages via one or both communication routes from the control point. The required mode for receiving data from the CP is set when adapting modules - communication adapters with the CP.

Due to the fact that the data delivery route from the control point to the central processing station is uniquely identified by the Granit-micro OIC program, conditions are created for additional analysis and control of data reliability

14. Implementation of subsystems of IUTK “Granit-micro” in KP - RTU

The table below summarizes the data from the above points of the concept of building an integrated IUTK “Granit-micro”.

IUTK subsystem		Implementation	Note
Interface with other RTUs and TsPPS IUTK “Granit-micro”, “Granit”, “Granit-M”			RS-485 (MODBUS),
Interface with RTU and (or) TsPPS of other IUTK	Data relay		Programmable pulse code exchange
Intersystem information exchanges	Information exchanges with other systems, network work using external smart gateway	Using a PC operator station RTU	Protocols: IEC 870-5-101, RS-232 interface. When working over a network, using standard databases (ORACLE, etc.)
Operational circuit	Input, registration, generation of time stamps, data transmission from input channels of discrete signals (TS), analog signals (TT), digital signals (TI), reception of control commands (TC)		Coding methods to obtain maximum “integral reliability”, combining indicators of reliability, speed, noise immunity, reliability, and reliability. Special procedures for generating information messages. Ensuring the accuracy of “event” registration is no worse than ±5 ms
	Accounting for energy consumption, building a power profile in load circuits		Separation of subsystem information into operational and non-operational components. Minimizing the load on the operational circuit when transmitting commercial information. Increasing the accuracy of building a power profile by reducing the discreteness of readings. Programmable protocol for information exchanges with various types of meters, including a protocol
Communication with microprocessor protection and automation devices	Information exchanges with “black box” devices - MiCOM, MRSA, etc.		MODBUS protocol (interface Transfer of the operational component of information to the central processing station, processing and display of PC data from the operator station RTU. Possibility of recording an oscillogram.
Monitoring, diagnostics, interface with sensors and security and fire alarm devices	Monitoring the performance of RTU modules, communication channels, communication circuits with sensors TC, TT, TI, TU. Receiving and transmitting data from security and fire alarm sensors		Introduction of diagnostic and control units into each module of the IUTK “Granit-micro”, use of special methods of coding and generation of information messages, means of interface with external devices and sensors

15. Main components of the centralized technical training center of the IUTK “Granit-micro”

TsPPS IUTK "Granit micro" includes in any combination in accordance with the conditions of use:

Concentrator of information coming from the CP - RTU and sent to the CP - RTU,

Line adapters for organizing information exchanges with other central processing stations,

Controller of the control panel and control panel,

Machining center,

Software,

Technological and diagnostic equipment of the system,

Operational dispatch equipment.

The functions and implementation of the CPSP are explained in the table.

Subsystem of TsPPS IUTK "Granit-micro"		Implementation	Note
Concentrator of information coming from the control center - RTU IUTK "Granit-micro", "Granit", "Granit-M"	Information exchanges within one system of arbitrary configuration		RS-485 (MODBUS),
Line adapters for organizing information exchanges with other central processing stations	Information exchanges within the framework of IUTK "Granit-micro" or different systems	PC COM port	Programmable protocol. IEC 870-5-101 protocol
Switchboard and control panel controller	Displaying information on switchboard elements and devices, entering information about the state of keys and buttons		The main structure of communication between the switchboard and the controller. Software control of elements and devices of the switchboard and console. Software control of the brightness of elements and information display devices
Machining center (MC)	Processing, display, registration, information relay, management, information exchanges over the network		Redundant OC structure with independently operating PCs, in which synchronous databases of current and retrospective data are created. Transfer of system server functions to any of the OC PCs. Connecting any OC PC to an Ethernet network using the IP/TCP protocol, implementing client-server exchange algorithms using standard database structures. Adaptation for working with OIC, SCADA from other manufacturers. Intersystem information exchanges using the IEC 870-5-101 protocol
Software	Software packages: OIK with ASDU and ASKUE subsystems, Interfacing of operational and non-operative circuits, Instrumental, Test, Adaptation of equipment to application conditions, Module programming	The composition is determined by the order conditions. Possibility of combining software components from different developers
Technological and diagnostic equipment of the system	Checking the functionality of modules, devices and software	Includes: Technological device RTU, CP object simulator, Remote control workstation software package, Package of programs for adaptation of modules and devices, Programmer, Software for testing and reprogramming modules, PC (note book) – according to order conditions
Operational dispatch equipment	Displaying information by elements and devices of the switchboard and console, reading data on the state of command and acknowledgment keys	Performed according to individual instructions. The mnemonic diagram of the object on the board corresponds to that displayed on the monitor screens of the PC PC. The software provides the implementation of the operation specified by the dispatcher using the keyboard and PC manipulator

16. Implementation of the centralized technical training center of the IUTK “Granit-micro”

The equipment of the TsPPS IUTK "Granit-micro", intended for the implementation of individual subsystems of ASKUE and ASDU or an integrated complex, is housed in one, two or several KP-micro casings.

It is important to emphasize that the structure of the CPPS for individual subsystems or integrated ITC is identical.

The composition and configuration of the DSP are determined by the number of connections (outgoing communication lines) and the required type of modems (line adapters).

16.1. Examples of the implementation of the TsPPS IUTK "Granit-micro" when placing the equipment in one KPM2-micro casing are given in the table.

option	Modules installed in KPM2-micro	Functions performed, volumes and types information
option		Functions performed, volumes and types information
		1…2 outputs to a radial or trunk communication channel when using frequency modulated signals for information exchanges; interface with the control panel and (or) control panel
		3…4 outputs to a radial or trunk communication channel when using frequency modulated signals for information exchanges
		1…2 outputs to a radial or trunk communication channel when using frequency modulated signals for information exchanges; 1…4 outputs to radial communication channels with unmodulated signals (alternative use of one channel for exchanges via the RS-232 protocol and (or) one channel for exchanges via the RS-485 protocol)
		1…4 outputs to radial communication channels with unmodulated signals (alternative use of one channel for exchanges via the RS-232 protocol and (or) one channel for exchanges via the RS-485 protocol); interface with the control panel and (or) control panel
		5…8 outputs to radial communication channels with unmodulated signals (alternative use of 1…2 channels for exchanges via the RS-232 protocol and (or) 1…2 channels for exchanges via the RS-485 protocol)

16.2. When using the KPM3-micro casing to build a CPPS, one additional module KAM, M2M, M4A, KShch is included in the CPPS.

16.3. Examples of a central processing station, the equipment of which is housed in one KP-micro casing.

	Modules installed in KP-micro										Functions performed, volumes and types of information
											Functions performed, volumes and types of information
											Interface with one PC, 1…16 channels of information exchange of modulated signals
											Interface with one PC, 1…8 channels of information exchange of modulated signals; 1…16 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals
											Interface with one PC, 1…6 channels of information exchange of modulated signals; 1…20 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals
											Interface with one PC, 1…4 channels of information exchange of modulated signals; 1…24 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals
											Interface with one PC, 1…2 channels of information exchange of modulated signals; 1…28 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals
											Interface with one PC; 1…32 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals
											Interface with one PC, 1…14 channels of information exchange of modulated signals; pairing with the control panel (remote)
											Interface with one PC; 1…28 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals; pairing with the control panel (remote)
											Interface with one PC; 1…12 channels of information exchange of unmodulated signals; 1…8 channels of information exchange with modulated signals; pairing with the control panel (remote)

16.4. Implementation of the Center for Technical Training and Technology of the IUTK “Granit-micro”, the equipment of which is located in

the center (OC) must be redundant and include two PCs. Dividing the equipment into two parts increases the survivability of the central processing station (and the system as a whole).

To separate the OC CPPS, it is necessary to install in the first and second casings

one additional KAM module. The module should be adapted to receive data via the internal bus containing the addresses of all RTUs connected to the casing. For information exchanges between parts of the OC, RS-232 buses are used, through which data is relayed to the KAM module, additionally installed in the second KP-micro casing. The KAM module of the second casing relays the received data through the internal highway and the main KAM to the PC of the second part of the processing center.

Similarly, the data received from the modules of the second part of the OC through the internal

the trunk will be entered into the KAM module and relayed to the RS-232 bus. The data will be received by the KAM module of the first part of the OC and relayed through the internal highway and the main KAM to the PC of the first part of the OC.

Thus, both parts of the OC work independently. Failure of one PC PC does not

The CPPS is performed similarly in three KP-micro casings

Line adapters – communication modems with RTU

As shown in the diagram, such a central processing center can include up to three independently operating PCs.

16.5. When reserving communication channels KP - RTU with the CPPS, the structure of the CPPS provides for the installation of additional KAM, M2M or M4A modules to create backup information delivery routes.

17. Software IUTK "Granit-micro"

The integrated IUTK or IC ASKUE can use the standard software of IUTK "Granit-micro" or OIK software, SCADA and other packages previously used or selected by the user.

According to the conditions of use, the general software may include components of the proprietary OIC "Granit-micro" and other packages.

The software of the IUTK "Granit - micro" and other complexes, united by the common corporate name "Granit" of the MICROGRANIT trademark, includes packages:

Test and adaptation programs for remote control workstations (service personnel),

instrumental programs,

Programs of the operational information complex (OIC "Granit"),

Document flow automation programs for dispatcher's workstations.

The software runs under the WINDOWS operating system.

The test and adaptation packages include the following programs:

Adaptation of functional modules to application conditions,

Testing the performance of modules and devices.

Instructions for working with software packages are given in the corresponding manuals.

The organization and principles of operation of a software package for document flow automation are discussed in the corresponding manual.

The software package ensures software adaptation to the user's system parameters. The package includes programs:

Descriptions of hardware configuration and database creation,

Graphic database editor that provides:

Creation of mnemonic diagrams - technological frames displayed on screens

PC and on the control panel;

Placing parameters on technological frames;

Implementation of procedures for selecting and displaying technological frames,

Creating and editing relay tables - information delivery routes

from CPPS to CP and from CP to CPPS, for any communication line configurations,

Creation of correspondence tables between telecontrol objects and response telesignals

Managing the interaction of OIC with a package of instrumental programs.

The package of programs for the operational information circuit of the integrated OIC "Granit-micro" or a complex that solves the functions of ASKUE or ASDU is assembled from a set of basic modules and, according to the conditions of application, provides:

Regulation of information exchange between PCs of the central processing center processing center

and controlled points (KP-RTU) or other central control points;

Operational control of information about the state of objects connected to the control panel, or

received from other CPPS,

Registration of changes to technical specifications, technical specifications, technical specifications;

Registration of the sequence of “events”;

Registration of CT runout beyond the established limits;

Formation, transmission and registration of technical specifications commands;

Turning on audio and visual alarms when recording changes in the state of controlled objects;

A specified change in the graphic display of an object when a change in its state or value is recorded,

Accounting for the consumption of electricity and other types of energy resources;

Display of TS, TT, TI, TU on PC screens and other means used in

Creation, maintenance and editing of current and retrospective databases,

Display, registration of data received from microprocessor devices

protection and automation,

Formation and transmission to the CP - RTU of a chain (sequence) of telecontrol commands with monitoring of the fulfillment of conditions for issuing the next command of the chain,

Analysis using given algorithms of the correctness of generated control commands and blocking the execution of erroneously generated commands,

Automatic recording of all dispatcher actions in the log,

Performing calculations of “group” parameters according to given formulas, displaying, registering calculated parameters,

Recording the absence of information update during specified time intervals, automatic monitoring of the health of components that provide data transmission, display and registration of diagnostic information,

Analysis of diagnostic information coming from the modules TsPPS and KP - RTU, identification of malfunctions of sensors, sensor communication circuits with the encoder, display and registration of diagnostic information,

Display and registration of abnormal, “pre-emergency” and alarm signals and parameter values according to criteria agreed with the customer,

Keeping logs of “events”, malfunctions, emergency situations,

Preparation, display and registration of forms, tables, graphs, histograms according to agreed algorithms,

Automated creation of documents with text (static) information and

fields for entering dynamic information, for example, current values of TC, TT, TI, average hourly values or current integral values of electricity consumption (energy resources);

Formation and exchange of data in the “client-server” structure according to departmental or

local networks using standard databases;

Formation of message packages for data relaying to the top-level central processing station

according to an agreed protocol, for example, in accordance with the IEC 870-5-101 standard;

Sorting of data to form packets relayed via telemechanical communication channels;

Automatic routing of generated data packets;

Binding of operational data to the system time of the personal computer of OIC “Granit”,

Adaptation of I/O drivers to work with other OIC or SCADA.

For the non-operative component of the IC ASKUE OIC software

"Granit-micro" sells:

Simultaneous or sequential recall of data from meters,

Control of the reliability of the information received,

Decoding of data in accordance with the information exchange protocol adopted for the meters used,

Processing of received data for display as part of technological frames on a PC screen,

Display in the technological frame of the current meter reading, hourly data of the current day, daily data of the current reporting period (month), monthly data of the current year,

For the operational component of IR ASKUE OIC software "Granit-micro" provides:

Reception of data from counters “by event” - a signal from the MTI module timer (MDS). The frequency of data transmission from the number of pulse channels of the meters is set when adapting the CP modules in accordance with the conditions of use,

Entering information into a database,

Data processing to obtain:

Increments in the number of pulses received from each counter during the time between two adjacent transmission cycles,

Current and half-hour power values,

Peak power value,

Run-out with a half-hour power value for the maximum and minimum value,

Constructing a power profile in load circuits,

Display in the technological frame of the current power value, hourly data of the current day, daily data of the current reporting period (month), monthly data of the current year,

Entering data into “client” tables for transmission over the network in accordance with the established algorithm.

For the operational and non-operational components of the ASKUE information, reports can be generated in the form of tables equivalent to displaying data on a monitor screen, as well as in the form of forms in accordance with the Customer’s requirements

18. Conclusion

Consumer properties of systems built on the basis of IUTK "Granit-micro":

1. Introduction into the integrated IUTK “Granit-micro” of the subsystems ASDU, ASKUE and registration of emergency processes when using any, including low-speed (100-300 baud), communication channels.

Easy adaptation to the use of different types of communication channels.

2. Openness of the software for the Customer through the supply of a tool package that allows the User, independently or with the advisory assistance of the Developer, to change and introduce new tasks at any stage of the system’s operation.

Possibility of assembling system software from basic modules of OIC "Granit-micro" and components of software packages from other companies.

3. Providing the Customer with an open package of test and adaptation programs for remote control workstations for diagnosing and changing the operating modes of the complex components.

4. Author's supervision of the operation of the supplied hardware and software. Providing the Customer with the opportunity to introduce improvements introduced by the Developer into previously supplied technical means by supplying him with a programmer and corrective programs.

5. Comprehensive supply of hardware and software, including, according to the terms of the Order, IUTK, a bench complex with an object simulator, racks for placing all components of control gear devices - RTU and central control station, operational dispatch equipment - a dispatch panel with a set of indicators, keys, buttons and other elements according to the customer’s project, console – dispatcher’s workplace. Operational control equipment can be implemented using electronic means of information display.

6. Duplicate processing center. When the processing center PCs operate independently, identical synchronous databases of current and retrospective parameter values are automatically created in them.

7. Introduction of an original system of relative time stamps, with the help of which the system time of “events” is restored in the OIC “Granit-micro” PC with an accuracy no worse than ± 5 ms regardless of the data transmission speed over communication channels and the “location of the event.” The adopted set of measures makes it possible to register and “link” a sequence of “events” at different controlled points to a single system time.

8. The combination of data input from meters via a “current loop” and in the form of number-pulse signals allows, without noticeable degradation of the dynamic parameters of the OIC, to control the “power profile” by feeders, groups of feeders, consumers, etc., and record hourly, daily, monthly electricity consumption and electricity consumption data stored in meters for past controlled periods.

9. Creation of operator stations at serviced controlled points (substations) with the introduction of a micro automated workplace and a micro OIC into the PC operator station. The base of the operator station is the KP-micro IUTK “Granit-micro” device, which implements independent operation of the PC and information exchange with the control panel. Depending on the conditions of use, the operator station includes modules for information exchange with modern microprocessor-based protection devices that support the RS-485 interface and the MODBUS protocol.

10. Use of the Customer’s existing communication channel for information exchange between the CP - RTU and the Central Processing Station:

Radio communication channel formed by digital radio modems,

Fiber optic through standard adapters - RS-232 (485) to

Dedicated (over a physical pair of wires),

Condensed with RF signals.

11. Possibility of introducing intelligent gateways into the IUTK “Granit-micro”

for interfacing various transport media for information delivery.

12. Possibility of arbitrary use of radial, main, chain

communication channels in one IUTK and changing the type and configuration of communication channels at any stage of the system operation. This combination of different types of communication channels is effective when constructing operator stations from geographically separated subsystems.

13. The use of developed and patented methods for generating and transmitting information based on the application of a single criterion for assessing the quality of the system - achieving the maximum level of integral reliability of information. The introduced criterion covers the main parameters - reliability (integrity, accuracy), reliability, noise immunity, speed.

14. Testing new principles for constructing ITC in a series of articles in professional journals - “Energetik” (Moscow), “Railway Transport” (Moscow), in monographs, at many International exhibitions and conferences.

15. Introduction to IUTK “Granit-micro” of traditions, methods of working with the Customer, developed over 40 years of experience in the development, industrial production, and commissioning of information and control telemechanical complexes.

19. Literature

For more detailed information about the capabilities and application features

Guidelines for the use of modules and blocks MIP, KAM, KShch, MTT, MTI,

MTU, MDS, MSU, M2M, M4A, M4A1, MPI, KPShch-S, KPShch-T, BTU, BPR-05-02, BUMP;

Guidelines for using the technological stand;

Guidelines for the use of programs for testing and adapting devices and modules

IUTK "Granit-micro" (Micro Test, Micro Ada),

Guidelines for using the software of the Granit television complex

Analysis of the state of production, construction principles and development trends

information and control complexes for automated control systems of distributed energy facilities and production facilities, Portnov E.M., Moscow, 2002.

Joint research and production enterprise "Promex"

Director of SNPP "Promex"

"____" ____________ 2004

Information material on design and application

information and control telemechanical complex

Design and Survey Institute of Transport Construction

"Kievgiprotrans"

- (Moscow city").

Projects on telemechanics systems in Russia and the CIS countries are handled by the official representative and SNPP "Promex" - "Granit-micro".

2. State and development trends of IUTK

2.1. Leading manufacturers and types of IUTK for automated control systems of industrial and non-industrial facilities.

The analysis used materials from companies that exhibited products at International Exhibitions in Russia and Ukraine, reports at seminars and conferences on information collection systems, publications of leading domestic and foreign industry experts, as well as the results of statistical processing of technical requirements and operating data for more than 6,000 devices of various modifications “Granite”, made according to data (Zhitomir).

In the markets of Russia and Ukraine, the most famous IUTKs and their manufacturers from non-CIS countries are:

S.P.I. D.E. R. RTU, Micro SCADA Network Control System (ABB);

MOSCAD, Motorola - SCADA;

SMART I\O, Micro PLC and Real – Time Computer (PEP, Germany);

Micro PC (OCTAGON SYSTEMS, USA);

DATAGYR R C2000 (LANDIS & GYR EUROPE Corp.);

Merlin Gerin, Telemecanique, Square D, Modicon (Schneider Electric, Germany),

MEGADATAR, Communication & Systems (Schlumberger)

SCADA-Ex (ELKOMTECH S.A., Poland);

In Russia and Ukraine the following are known:

Series IUTK "Granit" SNPP "Promex" - (Zhitomir),

Telemechanics complexes TELEKANAL-M and TELEKANAL-M2 (“Communication and telemechanics systems”, St. Petersburg, Russia),

Controller SMART – RTU (Moscow, Russia),

Multiprocessor telecomplex MTK-20 (telemechanics and automation - SYSTEL-A", Moscow, Russia),

TC "KOMPAS TM 2.0" (JSC "Yug-Sistema", Krasnodar, Russia),

Hardware-software radio telemetry complex “TELUR” (NPP “Radiotelecom”, St. Petersburg, Russia),

TK – 113, TK – 125 (PO “Telemechanics”, Nalchik, Russia),

IUTK "DECONT" (JSC "DEP", Moscow, Russia),

PTK TLS TSNIIKA (Moscow)

PTK “Black Box” (“GOSAN”, Moscow, Russia),

AURA (Svey LLP, Ekaterinburg, Russia),

ASDU Micro SCADA (“Relay – Cheboksary”, Russia),

IUTK "Sprut" (JSC "System Development Department", Kirov, Russia),

MSKU (NPO "Impulse", Severodonetsk, Ukraine),

Telecomplex SPRUT-KOT (Komplekt-Service LLP, Ukraine),

IUTK "Regina" (Kyiv, Ukraine).

Dispatcher mosaic and electronic boards and consoles produce:

BARCO (Belgium),

SIEMENS (Germany),

TEW (England),

Synelec (France),

Sigma Telas (Lithuania),

- (Ukraine),

- (Russia)

SYSTEM plus" (Russia)

- (Ukraine).

2.2. Components and structure of ITC for automated control systems

The structure of a “standard” single-level ITC for automated control systems is shown in the figure.

TsPPS – central receiving and transmitting station (control point IUTK),

RTU – remote terminal unit (control point – KP IUTK),

MLS – communication line of the backbone structure,

Radar – communication line of radial structure,

TLS – transit communication line,

ShchD and PD – dispatcher board (screen), dispatcher console,

PC – electronic computer for the personnel of the Central Power Plant and RTU,

D IMS – sensors for notification, metrological and code signals,

IM – actuators.

The structure of a multi-level ITC network configuration is shown in the figure.

Databases" href="/text/category/bazi_dannih/" rel="bookmark">the database of the slave PC does not correspond to the real one and accumulated at the time of failure of the master PC.

An architecture with independently and synchronously operating PCs was adopted for the construction of a processing center at the Granit-micro IUTK.

2.3.Analysis of the ITC structure

The development of IUTK led to their division into three main classes:

Automated commercial electricity metering systems (ASCAE);

Emergency information recorders (RAI).

The functional separation of ITCs led to their “physical separation.”

During the development of the IUTK "Granit-micro", a theoretical and practical substantiation of the possibility and feasibility of creating an IUTK from the subsystems of ASDU and ASKUE was carried out.

IUTK "Granit-micro" combines the functions of ASDU and ASKUE.

2.4. Composition and design implementation of the TsPPS IUTK

The composition of the “basic” version of the TsPPS is shown in the figure.

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OTs(PD)

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The interface unit with RTU (BS with RTU) includes linear adapters (LA) - modems. The type of aircraft is determined by the communication line used to interface with the CP, and their number is determined by the number of reception and transmission directions departing from the control center. If all CPs are interfaced with the central communication center by radial communication lines, the number of aircraft is equal to the number of CPs; when using trunk and transit communication lines, the number of aircraft is less than the number of control points. The hub is a supervisory control controller for a set of aircraft (MLA), regulating the exchange of data between the CP and the processing center (MC).

The data from the concentrator is sent to the PC through the interface controller with the OC PC. As a rule, COM ports that support the RS 232C protocol (connection C2) are used to interface CPSS equipment with a PC. Thus, the task of the interface controller is reduced to converting the protocol used when collecting data into the COM port protocol.

The OC CPPS is combined with the dispatcher's console (PD).

Analysis of the work of dozens of IUTK at large energy facilities and industrial enterprises convinces of the need to build an OC on several independently operating PCs, each of which independently and synchronously receives data from a multi-channel controller for interface with the PC. With this structure, identical synchronous databases of current and retrospective data are created in each PC. The main advantages of the specified OC architecture:

Increased survivability, since periods of time when the database in the OC (if the main PC fails) do not correspond to the real one are practically eliminated,

Expansion of functionality for the dispatcher, who can use “technological frames” displayed on the screen of two (or more) PCs.

We emphasize that the operational work of the dispatcher when using an OC with independently operating PCs and the presence of at least one of the PCs not included in the network does not depend on the state of the enterprise’s local network.

IUTK "Granit-micro" uses a redundant processing center on independently operating PCs.

The most important characteristics of the software are:

Using standard (generally accepted) operating systems, information input/output drivers, database structures,

Openness for the software user,

Redundancy of the central processing center processing center and independence of database formation in each part of the processing center,

Possibility of building an automated information management complex (AOIC) based on software,

Inclusion of tool programs into the software to simplify the adaptation of IUTK to real application conditions,

Inclusion in the software of a package of test programs for organizing an automated workstation (AWS) for service personnel,

Possibility of creating mini AOIC based on RTU,

Possibility of creating an automated workplace for the dispatcher's document flow.

The IUTK Granit-micro software includes a subsystem for commercial (technical) accounting of electricity consumption (ASCAE) and elements of an emergency information recorder (RAI). Separate branches of basic software and specialized test software are used to build personnel workstations. The software is “open” to the user - it may include additional branches to solve individual problems, including programs created by other organizations.

The software provides the implementation of the following functions:

1) exchange of information between the control center and the control panel in accordance with the adopted algorithm for the operation of devices;

2) processing information, reproducing it on PC monitor screens, switchboard and/or control panel devices, recording it with a printing device;

3) “linking” the CP information to the system time of the AOIC PC,

4) setting commands from the PC display keyboard and control boards and (or) console;

5) test monitoring of device health;

6) the ability to connect user programs;

7) the ability to create multi-level hierarchical structures;

The basic software (BSW) of the device includes the following programs:

1) control of data transmission via communication channels;

2) collection and primary processing of information;

3) display of heterogeneous information;

4) generation, configuration and assembly of a specific implementation of working software from standard software modules;

5) exchange of information over a local network.

With the help of BPO, databases of current and retrospective data are created. A database management system (DBMS) allows you to:

Build graphs of values (states) of controlled and measured parameters,

Record parameter runs beyond the established limits,

Generate tables of retrospective data by time, events, types of information, addresses of objects, etc.,

Generate data summaries according to established forms,

Record the actions of the dispatcher with events tied to the current time,

Generate reports on electricity consumption by objects, groups of objects, feeders, groups of feeders, etc.

Instrumental programs allow you to create technological frames - mnemonic diagrams of the entire object or parts of the object and arbitrarily select on the mnemonic diagrams places for displaying discrete signals (state or position of equipment), values of measured or calculated parameters. These programs establish a correspondence between system and technological (real) addresses and object names; The programs allow you to easily change the types of mnemonic diagrams (technological frames) by user specialists without involving the complex manufacturer.

Instrumental programs determine the addresses of objects whose status or value is displayed on the control panel, set the type of information displayed at the user's request and, if necessary, allow you to adjust previously set parameters for controlling the control panel (remote panel).

The procedure for using the software is described in “Guidelines for the use of IUTK “Granit-micro” software.

2.6. Protocols for transmitting messages over communication channels

The protocol regulates the transmission sequence and structure of the components of an information message transmitted over communication channels.

U The universality of ITC is largely determined by the protocol used for transmitting messages over communication channels.

IUTK "Granit-micro" uses the basic protocolHDLC, which is equivalent to the protocolADCCPANSI (American National Standards Institute). ProtocolHDLC forms the basis of CCITT recommendations X.25.

HDLC assumes the presence of the following components of the work cycle of transmitting an information message:

- “opening” and “closing” information message marker - “flag” – a one-byte message with a structure (to ensure “transparency” of the “flag” code combination in the entire message, the HDLC protocol provides for the introduction of the bit-staffing procedure by inserting a “0” signal after five successive successive signals "1"),

The address part, including single or multi-byte codes of the address of the source and receiver of the information message,

One-byte sending of the operating mode set for a given operating cycle,

- “information field” of the message, the length of which can vary from 0

(if there is sufficient data contained in the operating mode setting byte) up to 256 bytes,

- “protection field”, representing a two-byte check sequence - the remainder of dividing the entire transmitted polynomial (address part, operating mode and information field) by the generating polynomial 215 + 212 + 25 + 1.

protocols that can be used to optimize the operating mode of the IUTK.

IUTK "Granit-micro" includes codes in information messages

relative timestamps, a combination of which is used to restore to

PC AOIC real-time “events”.

HDLC is suitable for constructing network structures of IUTK with switching of “data packets”. To increase resistance to interference in communication channels, it uses a “densely packed” cyclic code with a two-byte check sequence, which ensures a code distance between adjacent allowed combinations of at least four for messages whose length does not exceed 128 bytes.

In the IUTK “Granit-micro”, the “batch” cyclic code is supplemented with a specially developed conditional correlation bipulse code, which allows not only to record, but also to localize the location and identify the type of data distortion.

The use of a standard, generally recognized high-level protocol in the IUTK guarantees the user the ability to develop the automated control system during operation, interfacing with hardware or software of other IUTK.

For intersystem connections, the OC IUTK "Granit-micro" provides for information exchanges according to the GOST R IEC 001 protocol.

Information exchanges over a local (departmental) network are carried out according to the “client-server” principle.

3. Main technical characteristics of IUTK “Granit-micro”

IUTK is carried out on a hierarchical principle and includes (according to the conditions of application) regional centers (for example, PU RES) and a central control point (CPU),

Each regional center unites peripheral controlled points (CP), the number of which is determined by the terms of the order;

For information exchanges between regional centers (PU RES) and control centers, compacted communication channels are used, organized along power lines, physical communication lines - a dedicated pair of wires up to 15 km long, a VHF radio communication channel, GSM mobile communication channels,

Using standard converter modules, interfacing with digital communication channels (for example, Ethernet radio) is realized.

For information exchanges over compressed communication channels, the frequency range of 2800–3400 Hz of a standard telephone channel is used, data exchange is carried out at a speed of 100…600 bits/sec, taking into account the actual capacity of the provided communication channel,

The set and levels of exchange signals with channel-forming equipment are standard,

A regional control center (for example, RES) ensures the exchange of information with all CP (RES), regardless of their number, territorial location, type of communication channel, speed of information exchange, volumes and types of information for each CP,

The regional control center (RES) provides information exchange with the central control center, the requirements for the types of communication channels, the organization of information exchanges for all communication channels are identical,

For information exchanges CP - PU of all levels, identical data transfer protocols are used,

Each CP provides input 32 n discrete signals (DS); 32 n analog DC signals (0...5, 0...20, 4...20, -5...0...+5 mA) channel for measuring current parameter values (CT); 32 n number of pulse signals from electricity meters of the telemeasurement channel of integral parameter values (TI); 4 n code messages of the data input channel from the “current loop” of meters or other external devices; output of control signals 4...96 by actuators of the telecontrol channel (TC) ( n– number of modules of the corresponding type installed in the gearbox device),

To control actuators, signal conditioners are used - intermediate relays, which provide load connection with a rated voltage of alternating or direct current of 220 V at a load switching current of up to 4 A. The control circuits of the actuators are galvanically isolated from the control circuits and from each other,

CP devices register a sequence of discrete events (DS) and implement the functions of an Emergency Information Recorder (ERI),

PU devices include a processing center on one, two or several PCs,

The software of the processing center (MC) of the PU implements the functions of the Automated Operational Information Complex (AOIC) and includes the dispatcher's workstation,

PC OC PU can be included in the enterprise local network using standard

means - an interface card corresponding to the type of network.

Disconnection or failure of the local network does not lead to the termination of

operational information exchange with control centers and control centers. To increase the survivability of the operational circuit, it is recommended to include only one PC of the machining center in the local network,

The CPU includes a processing center on two (or more) independently operating PCs. A synchronous database of current and retrospective data is created in each PC PC. Any OC PC can be connected to the enterprise local network using standard means,

The OC CPU software implements the AOIC and includes the dispatcher's workstation subsystem,

The unspecified characteristics of the telemechanics system are not inferior to the similar characteristics of the Granit television complex.

4. Conceptual solutions of IUTK “Granit-micro”

4.1. “Integral” reliability of data

When constructing a telemechanics system, the criterion of achieving the maximum “integral” reliability of data input, processing, transmission, and display channels was adopted as the basis for assessing the quality of components and devices.

Integral reliability is the probability of the receiver receiving undistorted information from the source with a delay not exceeding the established limit.

The introduced single indicator of integral reliability includes as components the most important ITC indicators - speed, noise immunity, reliability, reliability of information reception, which are usually presented as separate parameters.

To analyze “real performance”, it is completely insufficient to take into account the signal switching speed and the length of the information message - a probabilistic analysis of the structural, system and circuit solutions of the IUTK is required. The parameter obtained on the basis of such an analysis - “real performance”, is introduced as one of the components into the “integral reliability” indicator to determine the compliance of the established and achieved time for obtaining reliable information.

Regulatory documents establish that the reliability of the IUTK must be determined separately for each channel of each of the functions performed and expressed as a probabilistic indicator - the average operating time before failure or the operating time between failures. Obviously, when calculating reliability, it is supposed to take into account only the probability of detected faults. Undetectable faults (hidden failures) are transferred from the “reliability” indicator to the “reliability” indicator and

determine the probability of receiving and presenting information to the receiver with undetectable distortions

Without linking the two indicators in general - “integral reliability”, the task for the consumer is difficult to solve. It is also important to emphasize that when using separate indicators - speed, reliability and reliability, the interdependence between methods of fault detection (fault diagnosis) and the time of delivery of reliable information to the receiver is not taken into account, therefore, it is advisable to link speed with a single indicator.

Noise immunity according to the “standard” methodology is determined by the probability of detecting distortions in received information interference acting in the communication channel between the control center and control center (CPPS). According to the “standard”, to increase the noise immunity of IUTK, it is enough to use more powerful anti-interference codes for transmission. However, the interfering effect of interference is felt not only in the communication channel CP - CPPS, but also in other components of the sensor-information receiver path.

It is obvious that measures taken to increase noise immunity - increasing the “power” of codes, introducing barrier filters, etc., can increase the likelihood of a delay in data reception to a value exceeding the established threshold, i.e.

transfer the received data to the category of unreliable ones - distorting real processes (especially emergency ones) at the facility.

Therefore, noise immunity indicators must be considered in the context of real reliability.

In IUTK "Granit-micro" system, algorithmic, circuit solutions are aimed at increasing the level of integral reliability of data.

4.2. Using combined coding

A high level of integral reliability can be ensured by introducing continuously operating diagnostic units capable of detecting almost all types of distortions.

To obtain a high level of message security from distortion, the information code must be synthesized from several components, and the code structure of individual components may not be the same.

To ensure a high level of integral reliability, it is necessary to combine the procedures for entering information from sensors and coding, that is, combine the encoder with the information input node.

In the IUTK “Granit-micro”, a conditionally correlation bipulse code is generated, framed by a cyclic code, and with two-stage coding the same module nodes are used, i.e., the condition for checking the operability of the elements “in dynamics” is met, and the likelihood of undetected distortion of the code from - for malfunction of any element located in the signal delivery path from the sensor to the receiver.

4.3. Using the principle of "divided intelligence"

FM « Granite micro » are built on the basis of the introduced and theoretically substantiated principle of “division of intelligence”, the purpose of which is the optimal distribution of “intelligent” functions between the central controller and the FM.

The FM source encoder generates an information message taking into account the data obtained during autonomous diagnostics of the performance of FM units and interface circuits with sensors. Theoretical analysis of message encoding methods shows that the highest “integral reliability” of the ITC can be ensured by using a bipulse correlation code in the FM encoder and by displaying each binary signal (bit) as two signals – “1” and “0” or “0” and “1” ",

The encoder of the FM controller or the controller of the internal backbone of the device implements the procedures of the second level of encoding, which consist in the formation of a “densely packed” cyclic code for all components of the message - time stamps, indicators of the physical address (location) of the FM in the CP or CPPS and addresses of the CP and CPPS in IUTK.

At the level of IUTK devices, the principle of “separation” of intelligence involves the introduction of a primary analysis of the situation into the CP and an automatic transition to the active state when a “significant” event is detected, for example, a change in the state of the control object, or a measured parameter running out of the established dead zone - aperture.

The transfer of part of the “intelligent” functions of the IUTK to the CP device - the formation and transmission of time stamps as part of information messages - can significantly reduce the requirements for the start time of data transmission of the ASKUE subsystem and, thereby, create conditions for the construction of multifunctional IUTK without increasing the requirements for the performance of communication channels.

4.4. Using the principle of “necessary sufficiency”

It is obvious that the structure of the system and individual components must ensure that the Customer receives maximum services at minimum costs without degradation of information and dynamic characteristics. To implement the principle, the ITC “Granit-micro” embodies:

Modular structure. When implementing a modular structure, analysis of the optimality (“necessary sufficiency”) of the information composition and types of modules acquires paramount importance. In the Granit-micro television complex, the characteristics of the modules are determined based on statistics on 6000 previously produced devices,

The designs of CP and PU devices of the IUTK "Granit-micro" in the period 1999...2002 were made in four versions and proposed for analysis and proposals to large consumers of various devices. The considered version of the PU and CP devices is synthesized on the basis of proposals and recommendations of potential Customers. The resulting solutions made it possible to optimize the structure of external connections, overall dimensions and user characteristics.

5. Patent protection of the Granit-micro telemechanics system

Almost all structural and circuit solutions of IUTK “Granit-micro” are protected by patents of Russia and Ukraine. The most important ones are listed below.

Patent name	A priority	Number patent
Device for receiving telecontrol commands	Bulletin No. 7, 08/15/01
Clock synchronization device	bulletin..№.8, 17.09.01
Device for sporadic transmission of telesignaling	Bulletin No. 8, 09.17.01
Device for generating telecontrol commands	Bulletin No. 7, 08/15/01
Telesignaling transmission device

come back

Designed for installation of control points (CP) and controlled points (CP).

C remains of the information and control telemechanical complex"Granit-M" :

KP - casing for 21 places. Designed for installation of the following subunits. From 1 to 5 places only KVM, DB, LU, LC are installed, from 6-21 places - ADC, VTU, KS, BTV, RMU, LU (for channel reservation). Overall dimensions of the casing (HxDxW, mm): 840x474x820

KPM - casing for 10 places. Designed for installation of the following subblocks in the amount of 10 pcs. From 1 to 5 places KVM, LU, DB, LC are installed, from 6-10 places - ADC, TI, VTU, KS, RMU, LU. Overall dimensions of the casing (HxDxW, mm): 600x320x400

KV91.25 - power supply for control panel and control device. Designed to supply power to functional elements and devices of the Granit-M television complex. Installed on the rear wall of the cabinet above the mounting plane, or next to the casing. Overall dimensions (HxDxW, mm): 195x70x440

MP 46.81 - power supply of the gearbox device. Designed to supply power to functional elements and devices of the gearbox of the Granit-M telecomplex. Installed next to the casing. Overall dimensions (HxDxW, mm): 202x71x317

KVM-11, KVM-12 - controller of the internal highway. Designed for receiving, transmitting and outputting information, diagnosing the performance of subblocks, generating diagnostic messages for transmission to the communication channel. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

LU-01 - linear node. Designed for interfacing with a communication channel and for receiving and transmitting information over a communication channel of radial, trunk, chain, arbitrary configuration, organized in any environment, at frequencies of 50 ... 2400 bits/sec. Autonomous diagnostics of the performance of communication channels and generation of a diagnostic message for transmission to the communication channel. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

LK-02M - linear controller. Designed to interface devices of the Granit television complex with a PC (using the COM port via the RS-232 protocol). Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

RMU - universal radio modem. Converts pulse code signals intended for transmitting and receiving data over the communication line between the control unit and control unit (KPM) of the Granit, Granit-M television complex or other television complexes that generate similar pulse code signals into frequency-modulated ones. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

BD-01 - built-in diagnostic unit. Designed for visual monitoring of messages transmitted or received by any module of the control panel or control unit. The unit operates under the control of an intra-block bus controller (IBC). Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

BVDS - block for input and registration of discrete signals. Provides control and transmission of data on the state of 64 two-position vehicle objects when the state of any of them changes, or when a remote call command is issued, and also regulates and transmits data on the sequence of changes in the vehicle state. Number of connected sensors from 1 to 64. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

ADC-3 - analog-to-digital converter module. Designed to interface with 1…32 sensors (intermediate converters) of measured signals into unified DC signals. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

ADC-2 - analog-to-digital converter module. Designed to convert analog signals from current sensors and transmit them to the control point. Maximum sensor connection from 1…32. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

VTU - control command output module. Designed for receiving, processing, diagnostics and two-stage output of commands with separation of preparatory and executive operations. Interface with control circuits 1 ... 128 actuators. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

TI-04 - module for inputting pulse number and code signals from electronic and non-electronic meters. Designed to receive, process and generate an information message in accordance with data received via 1...4 channels of the “current” loop and 1...16 channels for input of pulse number signals. Number of connected sensors from 1 to 64. Overall dimensions (mm): 238x175.5x235

YAS-1, YAS-2 - connecting box. Designed for transition from connecting external circuits by “soldering” to connecting “by screw” for 512 and 256 circuits, respectively. Overall dimensions (HxDxW, mm): 750x118x565; 400x118x565

Software for a technical specialist (television operator, dispatcher, etc.)

The manufacturer guarantees the normal operation of the above-listed equipment for 12 months from the date of delivery to the Customer, in the absence of deviations from the agreed operating conditions that caused equipment failure due to the fault of maintenance personnel.

EXHIBITION AND TRADE HOUSE "GRANIT-MICRO" was founded in 1992. and is the official owner of the MICROGRANITE trademark.

We are engaged in the supply, implementation and support of telemechanical complexes "Granit-micro", including design based on the IUTK "Granit-micro".
The complexes are successfully operated at the facilities of Rosseti JSC

The main consumers of the products are energy complexes, including substations (substation, package substation, transformer substations, etc.) for residential complexes, shopping centers.

Free introductory seminars are held on modifications of the information and control telemechanical complex "Granit-micro" and the range of applications.

Information about the date of the current seminar is posted on our website WWW.GRANIT-MICRO.RU

We cooperate with regions of Russia, CIS countries, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.

The company has been repeatedly awarded with prizes and diplomas at specialized exhibitions.

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Requisites

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Full details, contacts, addresses and other information about the organization will be available after free registration or logging into the System if you are already registered.

Main range of products and services

Proposed

1. Information and control telemechanical complexes "Granit-micro" are used for:
- management of outdoor lighting networks in cities;
- control and management of cable (electric) networks of cities;
- control and management of power supply to industrial enterprises of various industries;
- for non-industrial facilities;
- centralized control of boiler rooms;
- monitoring the operation of water utility equipment;
- metro services;
- monitoring the operation of engineering equipment in residential areas;
This type of equipment is certified, reliable in operation and is one of the most cost-effective devices. Investment attractiveness 5-7 years.

2. Basic software (BPO) with the help of which databases of current and retrospective data are created, the availability of which allows:
- build graphs of values (states) of controlled and measured parameters;
- record parameter runs beyond the established limits;
- create tables of retrospective data by time, events, types of information and much more

Software IUTK "Granit-micro" - SCADA OIC "Granit-micro" is focused on building:
- automated operational information complex (AOIC);
- automated workstations (AWS) of the dispatcher, telemechanic, manager and other “clients”;
- subsystems for technical accounting of electricity consumption or other types of energy resources (ASCAE)
- emergency information registration subsystems (RAI).

3. Current and voltage converters,

4. Dispatch panels with mosaic panel

5. Equipment for a specialist’s workplace (computers, printers, etc.)

6. Support of TC "Granit" of all types, even if you have models from the 80s (repair, modernization)

7. Integrated installation of IUTK "Granit-micro", incl. software for a specialist (dispatcher, telemechanic, engineer)

We invite you to mutually beneficial cooperation!

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Certificates

Certificate No. 261155 for the trademark "MICROGRANITE"

The publication introduces the Granit-micro information and control telemechanical complex, widely used in power supply systems in Russia and the CIS countries. It is shown that this is a reliable solution, carefully tested over many years of operation, which provides reception, transmission, processing, display and relaying of information in accordance with GOSTs.

LLC VTD "GRANIT-MICRO", Moscow

There is an expression: “Practice is the measure of truth.” In the conditions of domestic realities, this statement takes on a special meaning, understandable, we think, to many. And in industry and such an area of the economy as energy, practice and the wealth of experience acquired through it are in many ways decisive: integrators with three years or a quarter of a century of experience - this, you see, is a big difference. Unfortunately, there are very few of the latter on the domestic market. There are even fewer who initially work with the products of one manufacturer and know them thoroughly, while having all the levers and opportunities to take into account the wishes of customers and modern trends in developing technologies.

The experience of the EXHIBITION AND TRADE HOUSE “GRANIT-MICRO” company is difficult to overestimate. The Granit-micro information and control telemechanical complex (ITC), which it is implementing in Russia and the CIS countries, has a rich history. In 1986, its “predecessor”, TC “Granit”, became the first serial product of the USSR with built-in microcomputers. It was approved by the Ministry of Energy for telemechanization of power facilities of regional power grids, power grid enterprises, power systems and was widely used in all Soviet republics.

Later, at the end of the 1990s, the equipment of the Granit-micro IUTK was approved for use at the facilities of the Rosseti subsidiaries and affiliates. Today, telemechanical systems built on the basis of this complex are successfully operated at the facilities of SDC Rosseti (PJSC MOESK, a branch of IDGC of Volga PJSC - Mordovenergo, a branch of IDGC of Center PJSC - Tverenergo, etc.), at Siberian Coal Energy Company JSC, AvtoVAZ JSC, Achinsk Oil Refinery JSC, the Institute of Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sheremetyevo International Airport JSC and other enterprises in Russia, as well as near and far abroad.

Rice. 1. IUTK "Granit-micro" (type KPA-micro) at a mobile substation during installation

EXHIBITION AND TRADE HOUSE "GRANIT-MICRO", which first supplied the telemechanics system of the "Granit-M" series to the facility in 1992, has been implementing this complex (as well as its new version IUTK "Granit-micro") for 25 years in all industries in the industrial and non-industrial spheres, provides technical support for the system, trains technical personnel of customer companies and provides free consultations with specialists.

Our magazine is doubly pleased to congratulate the company on its 25th anniversary. All these years, her activity was connected with one, but extremely extensive and responsible project, the features of which we will discuss in the article.

About the Granit-micro complex

The information and control telemechanical complex "Granit-micro" has a multi-level structure and is designed for control, registration and diagnostics of energy and other production processes and objects. Used for automated control systems (ACS).

IUTK provides reception, transmission, processing, display and relaying of information. Consists of controlled point (CP) devices and control point (CP) devices. KP and PU include:
- modules for input of discrete, analog, code signals and messages (multiple information), output of control commands;
controllers;
- blocks of intermediate relays and control of motor drives.

Let us list the parameters of the IUTK “Granit-micro”.

In terms of resistance to climatic factors, in accordance with GOST 26.205, KP and PU belong to performance group C1 with an operating temperature range from –30 to 55 °C and relative humidity from 5 to 100%.

IUTK is resistant to sinusoidal vibration with parameters corresponding to performance group L3 of GOST 12997 (5...25 Hz, displacement - 0.1 mm).

Resistant to atmospheric pressure in the range from 66 to 106.7 kPa (operation and storage).

Withstands single mechanical shocks at peak acceleration of 30 m/s² and shock pulse duration ranging from 0.5 to 30 m/s.

IUTK uses integral indicators of information reliability, which take into account the entire delivery route from the sensor to the recipient (from source to receiver), including communication channels (CC).

Information reliability indicators according to GOST 26.205:
- the probability of transformation of the technical team does not exceed 10–15;
- the probability of refusal to execute a TU command sent (up to five times) does not exceed 10–10;
- the probability of transformation of vehicle information, undetectable distortion of the sign of the code message of the relay protection equipment, RI, CPU, counter of relayed information does not exceed 10–12;
- the probability of information loss during sporadic transmission (up to five times) does not exceed 10–10;
- the probability of an undetectable distortion converted into a TT code does not exceed 10–8.

Reliability indicators are confirmed by calculations and tests according to clause 5.17 of GOST 26.205. When calculating reliability, the probability of distortion of any message signal was assumed to be 10–4.

The average time between failures of the electrical equipment for each performed IUTK function meets the requirements for group 1 of GOST 26.205 and exceeds 18,000 hours.

When calculating the reliability indicators of the IUTK, the modules and programs involved in the delivery of information from the sensor to the receiver and located in the control panel and control panel were taken into account.

The average service life of IUTK is more than 15 years.

Rice. 2. Telemechanics system "MICROGRANIT" at the exhibition stand: operator's workstation, various types of devices in the role of control panel (CP) with remote access and various communication channels (including a dispersed control device for power cells), etc.

Instead of an afterword. Interview with Deputy Marketing Director Veronika Alekseevna Tarasova

ISUP: Please tell us what systems the Granit-micro telemechanical complex is mainly used to create and why?
V. A. Tarasova: The telemechanical complex "Granit-micro" is intended for energy supply systems (SES), for example, for automation of energy monitoring and management systems, automation of commercial energy metering systems, automation of processes (opening and closing doors, turning on and off escalators, fountains, lighting at the customer's subordinate facilities , such as substations, transformer substations, package transformer substations, radio transformer substations, mobile substations, boiler houses, etc.).

ISUP: Why is your complex preferable to other systems and how does it take our realities into account?
V. A. Tarasova: It is known that equipment must not only be purchased in the required quantities, but also promptly maintained throughout its entire operational life. Foreign analogues are mostly not Russified, which later, during operation, causes some inconvenience. Sometimes, when a pre-emergency situation occurs, the personnel responsible for the operation of the equipment have to figure everything out on their own, without the opportunity to contact the developer. We are always ready to advise, understand the situation and help, regardless of who supplied the equipment of the MICROGRANIT brand. Many companies remain our faithful partners over many generations of telemechanical systems. Thanks to their operating experience and desire to improve the system as a whole, our company, together with its partner NPP Promex, is constantly modernizing and improving product quality. We value our customers and always do our best to meet them.
IUTK "Granit-micro" is made taking into account customer requirements and based on domestic realities. He is characterized by:
- a combination of low-speed, “bad” communication channels with high-speed (fiber optic, GPRS, 3G), which allows for gradual modernization of installed systems;
- support for a wide list of protocols, from old ones (VRTF, MKT2, MKT3, etc.) to new ones - IEC 870-5-101/104, IEC 61850 MMS/GOOSE;
- the ability to build redundant systems at the level of not only control points, but also channels, controlled points, sensors;
- use of proprietary time stamps, allowing you to build a history of events with an accuracy of no worse than 2 ms without the use of GPS.
Evidence of the high quality and relevance of the products is provided by consumer reviews, participation in international exhibitions, presentations at conferences, availability of various certificates and awards, holding thematic seminars and webinars.

ISUP: How actively is the IUTK “Granit-micro” being developed today? What new technical solutions have been developed for IUTK “Granit-micro” recently?
V. A. Tarasova: IUTK "Granit-micro" is constantly being modernized, active developments are underway to improve performance characteristics, ergonomics and reliability.
Over the past few months, mass production has begun:
- KNSH4 (controller-storage-gateway), which implements direct pairing of CP and PU devices. It itself is a frame controller, performing the role of a KAM and KNSH module of previous generations;
- a new line of “Granit-micro” KP frames, which increases reliability and ease of use, makes it possible to easily disassemble and reassemble the body;
- modernized taking into account the wishes of customers BPR-05-08 (04).
A new generation of Granit-micro devices with a distributed module placement structure has also been developed. More details about all the new products can be found on our website granit-micro.ru. These devices combine the operating experience of many generations of telemechanics and improve reliability and ergonomics.

ISUP: How universal is the Granit-micro complex? Can only systems for large or medium-sized objects be built on its basis? Or is it also suitable for small objects, small businesses? Is it applicable at facilities located in places where power lines are not installed?
V. A. Tarasova: IUTK "Granit-micro" is universal, as evidenced by geography and areas of application. Based on it, you can easily create a “smart home” or telemechanize a regional energy company. Since a wide range of communication channels is used (GPRS, CDMA, radio, Ethernet and many others), the location of the object does not play a significant role.

ISUP: Systems built on the basis of the Granit telemechanical complex (the continuation of which was the Granit-micro IUTK) were widely implemented in our country 35 years ago. Does this give you some competitive advantages today, given that many facilities have your system installed and, if they want to update it, obviously the logical decision would be to contact you?
V. A. Tarasova: The natural desire to update an outdated 35-year-old system, replacing it with a system that is understandable, convenient, and has all the characteristics that meet modern requirements and realities in the energy sector, is a justified decision. Our systems, sold under the MICROGRANIT trademark, can operate at the commissioning stage in parallel with the existing telemechanical complex, which allows you to replace one system with another safely, without losing important data. We try to constantly support and advise our customers, look for solutions to improve or modernize installed systems, and improve product quality. That's why contacting us would be a logical decision.

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