Modern methods of cargo delivery. The concept of "End-to-end technology", the main conditions of operation and its effectiveness. Demand for "end-to-end" digital technologies: cloud services

Scientific groundwork for these technologies, as it turned out, has yet to be created, and scientific areas in which a real breakthrough has already been made remain without funding.

"It is important for us to build chains from beginning to end in such areas as big data, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, new portable energy sources, sensors, wireless communication technologies, technologies for controlling the properties of biological objects, neurotechnologies," said at the Meeting on Engagement Acting President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Valery Kozlov - A simple enumeration suggests that information technologies underlie a lot of things.We need to concentrate the efforts of all institutions, including those that deal exclusively with humanitarian problems ".

As you know, NTI was announced by President Putin on December 4, 2014 in his Address to the Federal Assembly. This is a long-term comprehensive program to create fundamentally new markets and create conditions for Russia's global technological leadership by 2035.

“This imposes a serious responsibility on us,” the academician noted, adding that “as of today, 6 roadmaps (DC) for markets have been approved: EnergyNet, Healthnet, Neuronet, Marinet, Autonet, Aeronet "and the cross-market direction -" Technet ".

More specifically, we are talking about the so-called "smart networks" ("Energynet"), personal medicine ("Healthnet"), distributed systems of aircraft ("Aeronet"), maritime transport without a crew ("Marinet") and cars without a driver. ("Autonet"), distributed artificial components of consciousness and psyche ("Neuronet"), etc.

The main idea is that it will not work to compete with the West on occupied sites. Accordingly, the Soviet-era slogan "catch up and overtake" does not work. In Russia today, half of the economy, as one of the participants in the meeting at the Russian Academy of Sciences noted, is analog. Only 5% is focused on high-tech exports. Everything else we import.

“If nothing is done, then our economy will halve in the next 20 years,” said Dmitry Peskov, director of the “Young Professionals” direction of ASI. “We must build a digital economy, or a data economy ... All new markets are built on the network principle , that is, they are internally a network in which intermediaries are replaced by control software.

Today, according to him, "in all markets from agriculture to the space market, new markets are emerging in a new network logic." That's where all these names with the "net" component came from. There is another reason why Russia needs to develop these new markets. They are still quite free. There are no recognized players there, which means that Russia has a chance to take a leading position. A good example is Yandex, which arose when there were no generally accepted standards and recognized players in this market. The same thing happened in the days of the USSR, when nuclear and missile projects were being created. "In all these cases, we as a country were able to achieve success," Peskov stressed.

There are many barriers to overcome on the path to technology leadership. Academic science can help to do this. We are talking about creating a list of technologies for the implementation of the Roadmaps and involving relevant institutions in the work.

"There is an Expert Council of the National Technology Initiative, which included 8 representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences out of 22," said the Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician Sergey Aldoshin. directions for the creation of end-to-end technologies. The task of science is to form a scientific and technical reserve for these selected groups of technologies in order to create competitive high-tech products."

Another problem that specialists pay attention to is the barriers associated with the imperfection of the regulatory framework, as well as the lack of funding and the wrong approach to financing new areas and developments, when funds are allocated only if the business is interested in the product of scientists. "It's impossible to find an investor," Pavel Balaban, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, complained about the direction of Neuronet. Meanwhile, Russian science has actually opened a new direction - "thermogenetics", and, moreover, without financial support. For example, a patient with epilepsy can be "planted" with snake squirrels, and he will get rid of excruciating seizures. And the human eye can be given thermal vision. Not to mention the possibility of using these developments to restore sight to the blind.

"FASO institutes all suffer from the lack of infrastructure renewal. Some of the institutes are in poor condition, we simply cannot do repairs. Where scientific technological barriers have been overcome, we must use this as one of the criteria for allocating the few money that FASO has," I am convinced scientist.

According to him, it is necessary to think about the fact that in the Russian Federation there are projects with decent funding that could "support at least those new areas where a breakthrough has been made." Otherwise, the technology will be mastered abroad. And we will again buy it from the West.

Elena Kovacic

Academician Alexander Sergeev: RAS needs respect from society and authorities

Candidate for President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Sergeev met with representatives of the scientific community at the Physical Institute. P.N. Lebedeva. As is known, Academician Sergeev was the first to be nominated by the Bureau of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the FIAN Academic Council supported this decision.

Academician Alexei Khokhlov: "Constantly move forward!"

"Tea parties at the Academy" is a regular feature of Pravda.Ru. It publishes interviews of the writer Vladimir Gubarev with academicians. Today his interlocutor is Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University Alexei Khokhlov.

Three residents of Tomsk were elected academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences and three - corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The elections of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences were held at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Tomsk scientific school once again confirmed its high class. The ranks of academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences were replenished by the best representatives of the Tomsk institutions of the FASO of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

National academies prove their worth

Vladimir Fortov met at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the leadership of national academies that have been established in some regions of the Russian Federation. The guests of the head of the Russian Academy of Sciences were the presidents of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Igor Kolodeznikov, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan Alfis Gayazov, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Myakzyum Salakhov and Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic Ibragim Kerimov.

academic triangle

Efficiency of Russian science to be tested by 35 parametersMikhail Kotyukov: All scientific organizations in Russia will pass the performance test Is it possible to significantly increase the salaries of scientists without cutting staff? Why massively unite institutions? How painful will it be for science to replace almost a third of the heads of institutes in a year? The RG correspondent talks about this with Mikhail Kotyukov, the head of the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FANO), to which academic institutions have been transferred.

On March 27, the first meeting of the Scientific Coordinating Council under the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations took place this year. The head of the FASO of Russia, Mikhail Kotyukov, took part in it. During the meeting, the planned rotation of the composition of the Scientific Coordination Council was announced.

The basis for the delivery of goods to a retail trade enterprise is an application. It is drawn up in the prescribed form. It indicates the name of the goods and their main assortment features (type, variety, etc.), the number of goods. The application, drawn up in two copies, is signed by the manager or director of the store, then it is certified with a seal and sent to the supplier for execution.

Goods delivery methods:

Ш The most effective method of delivering goods to retailers is centralized delivery.

Centralized cargo transportation began in 1951 at the initiative of Glavmosavtotrans. Currently, about 60% of cargo is transported centrally only in construction organizations. The centralized transportation of bricks, concrete, mortar, reinforced concrete products, oxygen, petroleum products, ferrous metals, as well as the delivery of goods to and from railway stations, have become widespread.

The main features of centralized transportation of goods are:

Ш performance of cargo transportation with a full freight forwarding

service;

Ш performance by the supplier, as a rule, of the entire volume of transportation for a fixed clientele;
Ø conclusion of a contract for the carriage of goods on the basis of the shipping principle;
Ø strict distribution of responsibilities between the clientele and the motor transport company;
Ø implementation of all settlements for transportation with the party that concluded the contract.

In case of centralized transportation of goods, the obligations of the parties are distributed: loading of goods at factories, warehouses and bases is carried out by the supplier, transportation of goods and their forwarding - by the transport company, unloading of goods - by the consignee.

Advantages of centralized transportation of goods: the use of road transport rolling stock is improved by reducing downtime at the points of loading and unloading goods, increasing the duration of work, increasing the utilization rate of mileage and load capacity; improves freight forwarding and simplifies documentation for the release and receipt of goods, and payment for transportation; settlements with the motor transport enterprise are made by the cargo supplier, who is cut to include the cost of transportation, loading and forwarding in invoices for products sold; the number of service personnel required for the organization of transportation is reduced as a result of a decrease in the number of forwarders, since freight forwarding is carried out by drivers, with the exception of transportation of especially valuable goods; conditions are being created for the consolidation of cargo shipments and the use of road trains, the comprehensive mechanization of loading and unloading operations and specialized rolling stock; there is an opportunity for continuous improvement of the transportation process. The motor transport enterprise, acting as the organizer of centralized transportation, has a constant impact on suppliers and recipients of goods in terms of improving the condition of moving tracks, mechanization of loading and unloading operations, more rational warehousing of goods, better preparation of goods for transportation; the productivity of drivers increases due to work on the same routes and transportation of the same goods; the duration of the process of cargo transportation is reduced; reducing the cost of transportation, etc.

The disadvantages of organizing centralized transportation of goods include a decrease in the reliability of transportation for some "unprofitable" consumers and the need, in some cases, to change the order of marketing organizations. To organize centralized transportation of goods, preparatory work is necessary, which consists in studying the size of the traffic flow, its structure, the features of cargo transportation, the condition of access roads, the means of mechanization of loading and unloading operations, choosing the most rational type of rolling stock, identifying ways to increase the mileage utilization rate, determining methods operational planning and management of transportation, etc.

Ш The second method of cargo delivery is decentralized.

In case of decentralized transportation, consignees order rolling stock in motor transport enterprises, independently organize the export of cargo for their enterprises without coordinating the order of transportation with consignors (cargo suppliers).

Cargo recipients independently perform loading and unloading operations, having for this a certain staff of loaders, forwarders and supply agents.

The advantages of decentralized transportation are that the timeliness and reliability of the necessary transportation increases, the disadvantages are that the use of rolling stock is reduced due to the fact that the organization of the transportation process is carried out by the consignees, and not by the transport company, the number of loaders and forwarders increases, unproductive costs increase, cost of transportation, etc.

Ш Brigade form of labor organization of drivers

In recent years, the improvement of centralized transportation of goods in road transport has followed the path of developing a brigade form of organizing the work of drivers - complex brigades are being created, complex mechanized brigades, team contracts, through team contracts, etc.

The brigade is such an association of workers in which each voluntarily recognizes the power of their own association over themselves. The scope of work (transportation) is determined in the contract with the administration of the motor transport enterprise. No one can include an employee in the brigade or exclude an employee from it without the consent of the entire team or the brigade council.

Complex-mechanized teams are usually organized during the development of soil, transportation of filter and inert materials. The brigade unites drivers, excavators and bulldozer operators. At the same time, the delivery of all members of the brigade to the place of work and after work to the place of residence is carried out on service buses; the change of workers is carried out directly in the pit; refueling and lubricating vehicles and mechanisms at the place of work from tankers; production of minor repairs of excavators, bulldozers and cars, as well as the dismantling and installation of tires on specially equipped sites; accounting for the amount of work performed by the final result, etc.

Distinctive features of a brigade contract: wages are distributed equally to all members of the brigade (in proportion to the time worked), with the exception of a bonus for classiness: the expenses of the driver brigade are planned according to the following items - accrued wages, fuel, lubricants, tire wear and repair, current repairs and technical car maintenance; if the brigade fails to fulfill the daily task of transporting goods, it is reduced the amount of profit in proportion to the amount of income falling on the unfulfilled volume of cargo transportation; if the brigade fails to fulfill the transportation plan due to the fault of the motor transport company, it is compensated for its permanent profit, and the customer is paid a fine in the amount of 20% of the cost of delivery of the undelivered cargo from the supplier or the excessive downtime of the rolling stock under loading due to his fault, they are paid a fine to the motor transport enterprise in the amount of 20% of the cost transportation; when cars are put in for major repairs with less than the norm, the profit for the driver team is reduced by the amount of profit lost by the motor transport enterprise, and when the car is written off with an incomplete service life, by the amount of the residual value.

With a through team contract, a joint agreement is concluded between all participants in the technological process working according to the team contract method. For example, when transporting reinforced concrete products, a joint contract is concluded by teams that carry out the manufacture, engineering equipment, transportation and unloading of products at construction sites. The progress of transportation is controlled by the council of foremen together with the management of the motor transport enterprise and the enterprise manufacturing reinforced concrete products.

Improving the efficiency of cargo transportation is currently associated with the packaging and containerization of cargo, complex mechanization and automation of the transportation process, non-transshipment technology for the transportation process of packages and containers from suppliers to consumers, improving the organization of transportation - creating an organizational structure that would unite the performers of all stages of the transportation process. Combining the above measures when organizing the transportation of a specific cargo allows us to consider it as the organization of a flexible automated transport system.

Ш Intermodal transportation.

At present, cargo owners impose requirements on carriers to improve the quality of the transportation process: compliance with the speed of transportation along the entire route, the delivery time of the cargo to the destination at the set time, the safety of the transported cargo and its useful properties, information about the location of the cargo along the route of transportation, presentation related services to the cargo owner (forwarding, customs operations, packaging, packaging, packaging, etc.).

The highest form of transportation organization that meets these requirements is intermodal transportation. They allow transportation operators to use all the best advantages of each mode of transport in an integrated way and offer consumers high quality products and reasonable prices. In economically developed countries, this direction of development of transport systems is a priority, due to which the annual growth of such transportation is 3-5%.

Intermodal transportation is a multimodal transportation "from door to door", prepared and carried out under the unified management of one center. Its organizer at all stages of the development and implementation of the transportation process purposefully links the actions of all parties involved in it: cargo owners, carriers and transportation complexes - in the interests of speeding up the transportation of goods and reducing the total cost of its transportation.

The main features of intermodal transportation are:

1. participation in the carriage of at least two modes of transport;
2. the existence of an agreement between the "center" and the cargo owner on the carrier of cargo "from door to door", which provides for the responsibility of the "center" for the safety of the cargo and the timing of its transportation, as well as the amount of the tariff fee for the entire range of services provided by the "center" to the cargo owner (through rate).

Advantages:

1. more rational use of available transport capacities;
2. more economical energy consumption;
3. increasing the reliability of transportation, etc.

1. a set of technologies created on the basis of the principles of the functioning of the nervous system;
2. the basis for creating a new class of globally competitive technologies necessary for the development of new markets, products, services, including those aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life.

Industrial Internet

Industrial Internet (Industrial Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT) is the concept of building infocommunication infrastructures, which implies connecting to the Internet any non-household devices, equipment, sensors, sensors, an automated process control system (APCS), as well as integration of these elements with each other, which leads to the formation of new business models in the creation of goods and services, as well as their delivery to consumers.

The key driver for the implementation of the Industrial Internet concept is to increase the efficiency of existing production and technological processes, and to reduce the need for capital expenditures. The resources of companies released in this way form the demand for solutions in the field of the Industrial Internet.

Today, the Internet of Things system involves all the links necessary for its functioning: manufacturers of sensors and other devices, software, system integrators and customer organizations (both B2B and B2G), telecom operators.

The introduction of the industrial Internet has a significant impact on the economy of individual companies and the country as a whole, contributes to an increase in labor productivity and the growth of the gross national product, and has a positive effect on working conditions and professional growth of employees. The service model of the economy, which is being created in the process of this transition, is based on the digitalization of production and other traditional industries, the exchange of data between various subjects of the production process and the analytics of big data.

Robotics

Robotics is an applied science that develops automated technical systems and is the most important technical basis for intensifying production. A robot is a programmable mechanical device capable of performing tasks and interacting with the environment without human assistance.

Robotics draws on disciplines such as electronics, mechanics, telemechanics, mechatronics, computer science, as well as radio and electrical engineering. There are construction, industrial, household, medical, aviation and extreme (military, space, underwater) robotics.

Sensory

Sensory robots (a system of sensitive sensors) usually copies the functions of the human senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. The sense of balance and position of the body in space, as a function of the inner ear, is sometimes considered the sixth sense. The functioning of biological sense organs is based on the principle of neural activity, while the sensitive organs of robots are electrical in nature.

We can characterize artificial sensors by their relation to natural sense organs, but usually the classes of sensory devices are distinguished by the type of impact to which a given sensor reacts: light, sound, heat, etc. The types of sensors built into a robot are determined by goals and location. its application.

The sensing element of a sensor may itself be referred to as a sensor. Sensors are used in many sectors of the economy - mining and processing of minerals, industrial production, transport, communications, logistics, construction, agriculture, healthcare, science and other industries - being currently an integral part of technical devices.

Recently, due to the cheapening of electronic systems, sensors with complex signal processing, the ability to configure and adjust parameters, and a standard control system interface are increasingly being used. There is a certain tendency to broaden the interpretation and transfer of this term to measuring instruments that appeared much earlier than the mass use of sensors, and also, by analogy, to objects of a different nature, for example, biological ones.

In automated control systems, sensors can act as initiating devices, activating equipment, valves and software. Sensor readings in such systems are usually recorded on a storage device for control, processing, analysis and output to a display or printer. Sensors are of great importance in robotics, where they act as receptors through which robots and other automatic devices receive information from the outside world and their internal organs.

Wireless connection

(wireless data transmission) - communication that bypasses wires or other physical transmission media. For example, the Bluetooth wireless data transfer protocol works "over the air" over a short distance. Wi-Fi is another way to transfer data (internet) over the air. Cellular also refers to wireless. Although wireless communication protocols are improving year by year, they still do not bypass wired communication in terms of their basic indicators and transmission speed. Although the LTE network and its latest iterations show great promise in this field.

A virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR, English virtual reality, VR, artificial reality) is a world (objects and subjects) created by technical means, transmitted to a person through his sensations: sight, hearing, smell, touch and others. Virtual reality simulates both exposure and responses to exposure. To create a convincing complex of sensations of reality, a computer synthesis of the properties and reactions of virtual reality is performed in real time.

Virtual reality objects usually behave close to the behavior of similar objects of material reality. The user can influence these objects in accordance with the real laws of physics (gravity, water properties, collision with objects, reflection, etc.). However, often for entertainment purposes, users of virtual worlds are allowed more than is possible in real life (for example: fly, create any objects, etc.).

"Virtual reality" systems are called devices that more fully than conventional computer systems imitate interaction with a virtual environment by influencing all five human senses.

Application: computer games, teaching, video.

augmented reality

Augmented reality (AR) is the result of introducing any sensory data into the field of perception in order to supplement information about the environment and improve the perception of information.

Augmented reality is a perceived mixed reality created using elements of perceived reality “augmented” with the help of a computer (when real objects are mounted in the field of perception).

Some of the most common examples of perceived reality augmentation are a parallel colored front line showing the location of the nearest skater to the goal in a television football game, arrows indicating the distance from the free kick to the goal, a "painted" puck flight path during a hockey game, mixing real and fictional objects in movies and computer or gadget games, etc.

There are several definitions of augmented reality: researcher Ronald Azuma defined it in 1997 as a system that:

combines virtual and real;
interacts in real time;
works in 3D.

Application: cinematography, television, mobile technologies, medicine, military equipment, computer games, printing.

I dedicate this editorial to a topic to which, thanks to my scientific background, I can never remain indifferent. Decent science uses the most precise system of introducing definitions, and it can be said that the accuracy of science is measured by the strictness of the specification of terms, concepts (definitions); Mathematics is generally recognized as the standard of such rigor. In engineering, the mathematical rigor of operating with terms is often unnatural and impossible, however, this area is clearly useful to learn from the exact sciences the always implied accuracy, common sense and even elementary ethics when introducing new concepts.

1. Accurate work with concepts and terminology

By definition, those who work in real science make sure that it is always clear to everyone what is said in this or that article, what is the proposal put forward by the author, what development has been achieved, what is the result, what is criticized, etc. . On the other hand, in areas in which an objective scientific review of proposals and results is not possible, some fog of definitions or attributing their priority to oneself is sometimes dictated or justified by considerations of competition, marketing, advertising, etc.

More or less disciplined and competent work with terms and concepts, in my opinion, suggests that you

I will touch on two terms - "end-to-end technology" and "information modeling" - and I will immediately say that today's propagandists of the concepts behind these terms, ASCON and NEOLANT, respectively, are real and deserved leaders of the domestic engineering software market. This is not about doubts about their leadership, it is about my doubts about the correctness and / or accuracy of the definitions and uses of the two above-mentioned concepts. Even more precisely: I want to understand what is what, and I will be glad if readers help me with this.

2. How does end-to-end technology (ST) of ASCON compare with PLM?

The term ST, or end-to-end design (SP), has been activated in our firmament in the last few weeks. For example, let's pay attention to the seminar "End-to-end design in instrumentation at the stage of transition from P-CAD to Altium Designer" or to the article "". In this regard, ASCON became the main newsmaker, putting the announcement of its new ST-course in the focus of its recent main event: "".

The through turn of ASCON is considered in sufficient detail in, which was given to the portal by the site Sergey Evsikov. The interview states that " large ASCON customers need end-to-end automation of engineering processes. They do not need a separate CAD tool, even the most wonderful, they need an integrated PLM system". I am trying to draw a pleasant conclusion from this statement: large domestic customers have grown to a systematic approach, which they, together with ASCON, expect to implement using PLM or some kind of it (part?), called end-to-end technology. My hypothesis is supported by the interviewer - with his phrase " end-to-end PLM integration”, which is not denied by the answer of S. Evsikov. One of the illustrations, in which the components of the ST are nested in a circle called the Product Life Cycle, strengthens my hypothesis (as well as all the other relevant drawings of this interview):

On the other hand, the idea arises that if PLM is not mentioned in the detailed and well-designed illustrations coming from the undeniably qualified specialists of the market leader, then the leader still means something significantly different ... However, Sergey says, What " end-to-end 3D technology is a modern trend”, from which I conclude: ST3D is not an invention of ASCON. If we were talking about a scientific article, after the words “this is a modern trend”, links confirming this statement would certainly follow: at least I should look for them on the Internet ...

To begin with, I stumble upon some exotic “Great Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas”, which pleased me with a stunning definition: “ End-to-end design is a process that eliminates the boundary between the stages of the dynamic synthesis of a system, i.e. synthesis of mathematical models of the control law and the stage of (transputer) implementation of this law". I do not give a link to save the psyche of readers. I will also omit the link to the article (2010), which states that “ On the basis of a 3D model, it is possible to use end-to-end design technology ... This technology allows you to link together all the stages of development and production of products ... According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), the use of end-to-end design allows:...” and further ridiculous assessments are given of how the joint venture makes the various stages of the life cycle more efficient (from 5 to 90%!): of course, there are no references. I find some more not very intelligible references to ST from about fifteen years ago ...

Finally, on the website of the magazine "Equipment and Instrument" I see a very rich article "ASCON end-to-end 3D technology" (2013) by ASCON managers, which says: " The domestic implementation of the ideology and principles of the concept of PLM technologies was the End-to-End 3D ASCON technology, which meets the main condition for the existence of the methodology - full integration and interaction of all components". Very good and nice! (True, I would like to ask whether, for example, TFLEX-PLM + or Lotsia® PLM are also domestic implementations of the ideology and principles of the PLM technology concept, but it doesn’t matter to me here). In general, the article is very informative, and it’s even more offensive that no reader questions and comments followed it: in order to correct this injustice, I suggest that the authors of the article and ASCON marketers publish a slightly updated version of this article on the site, which has become even more relevant.

From what we have seen, we can conclude that ST/SP should be well known in the English-speaking world. However, the search for the term “Straight-Through 3D Technology” taken from the Asconov article leads only to this article itself, and I could not find other English prototypes or analogues of ST / SP. I would like to thank readers for their help.

It turns out that ASCON specialists, deeply respected by me, are not very accurate, in the sense of what is stated above in Section 1, and are not very far-sighted with terminology. I especially regret the inconsistency with paragraph 2b, since its consistent implementation, in my opinion, would bring significant methodological and marketing benefits to ASCON (including abroad), and would also contribute to the development of a reliable strategy for the development of the announced direction.

I'll try to formulate my hypothesis. The end-to-end technology appears to be the forerunner of PLM, which was one of the first ideas for integrating engineering design tools that did not include many of the components and techniques of the full-fledged PLM that subsequently emerged. At the same time, the narrowing of the scope of consideration and the better (compared to non-CAD components) technological sophistication and logical connectivity of CAD components made it possible to keep in mind relatively closer integration, data separation, communication, etc. Apparently, the revival and refinement of end-to-end technology has become reasonable today due to the development of PLM itself (including methods of joint and distributed data processing), due to the development of the engineering components themselves and their interfaces, as well as the development of those some large domestic customers who have already matured to understand the need to purchase and implement complex integrated systems, but have not yet matured to restructure the business based on the organization of a full-fledged controlled digital interconnection of all its (business) components, which (restructuring and interconnection) is the essence of PLM.

I would recommend presenting end-to-end technology, clearly positioning its place in the space of PLM processes, components and methodology, in particular, emphasizing not just integration and complexity, but focusing on joint and distributed (not necessarily sequential) processing of shared data. A clear PLM positioning does not prevent you from including special security tools in your solution if they are fundamentally needed by some customers. I can’t imagine how without this it will be possible to tell in an understandable way (of course, if you want) the world community about this ASCON course, for example, at the same COFES or in Ralph Grabowski’s blog. However, it is clear that “end-to-end technology” and “this is something even better than your already reasonably beloved KOMPAS-3D” sounds much more attractive to the ears of some important customers than, for example, the import-substituting PLM 0.5

3. How does NEOLANT Information Modeling (IM) compare with BIM and PLM?

In the domestic market of engineering software, one can hardly find propaganda activity comparable in its pressure to the activity of NEOLANT in promoting what this company calls "information modeling". And this activity is obviously effective: at least look at others. The winners are not supposed to be judged, however, the subheading questions I want to ask.

As already mentioned, I could not find an English analogue or prototype for end-to-end technology, but it is impossible to imagine that the phrase “information model” would not turn out to be encyclopedic, fundamentally general and, of course, having a clear international meaning (at the level of its generally accepted use!). So it is: the English-language Wikipedia in its detailed article with many links says that “ An information model (IM) in software is a representation of the concepts and relationships, constraints, rules, and operations that specify the data semantics of a particular domain… IM provides a shared, stable, and well-organized structure of information requirements or knowledge in the context of that domain».

On the NEOLANT website we read “ In the understanding of NEOLANT experts, an information model (IM) is a database in which information about a real world object is consolidated and integrated. Contains 3D models, passports of objects, documentation archive and other information on objects in a structured and interconnected way. An information model is a digital prototype of an object in which each of its elements is uniquely defined and their logical relationship is provided. It is the structure and assigned relationships that are the main features of the information model.».

After making sure that NEOLANT experts, in general, agree with Wikipedia, I read on. " A real world object is understood as an industrial enterprise / civil structure / city or part of them - a separate building, system, equipment". Yeah, I think, since we are talking about an efficient modeling concentration of data and knowledge about structures, their parts or their combinations, then this is still BIM! However, I could not find such a word or any of its Russian-language decoding in NEOLANT's explanations of what MI is. True, in one of the comments to the article "", an erudite reader explains: "... we can say that "information modeling" is a more universal concept, which, if necessary, can be attributed, on the basis of the goals achieved and the tasks to be solved, to various types: PLM, BIM, ERP, asset management, office work, economics, etc. P.". There is not the slightest doubt that IM is a (much) more universal concept: some general cultural training, Wikipedia, and, for example, the article “Information Modeling” in the “Encyclopedia of a Computer Science Teacher” do not leave them - in my opinion, an excellent article , combining breadth, scientific and methodological literacy, visibility, rich illustrativeness and simplicity of the language; This article should be read by all of us.

Introductory figure in an article for computer science teachers

Given this kind of encyclopedic notion, with all the deepest respect for the practical achievements of NEOLANT, it is difficult for me to understand how the company can position itself as a world leader in information modeling ...

Further, the NEOLANT website notes: “ Today, in the global expert community, there are disputes about the concept of an information model, and it is not surprising - after all, this area continues its rapid growth, the limits of which have not yet been identified. NEOLANT has developed its own concept of information modeling and, based on it, offers the implementation of real applied solutions". No references to disputes about the concept of IM are given, and, in my opinion, there cannot be, because, outside the philosophy and methodology of science, disputes about what is commonly called information modeling are hardly possible today.

The cited introductory article by NEOLANT, to which the company tirelessly refers, ends with the table “Typology of information models. Types of recommended digital models depending on the tasks of the enterprise. This table seems to me quite promising from a methodological point of view: indeed, despite all, undoubtedly, always and everywhere existing, subtle features of each enterprise and its tasks, the types of enterprises and classes of tasks to be solved must be visible and specified with sufficient accuracy. (The apparent chaos to the observer always reflects the lack of knowledge of the observer.) Therefore, the attempt to classify, undertaken by NEOLANT, can only be welcomed and serve as an example for all vendors and integrators. Another thing is that in this nice table, again, BIM is not mentioned at all (!), And PLM is indiscriminately attributed to technologies, which is fundamentally wrong.

And in this case, I want to formulate my hypothesis-diagnosis. NEOLANT has (a) enviable access to large integration, service and consulting orders in the rich area of the domestic market (public sector, oil and gas, nuclear and thermal energy) and (b) mutually beneficial partnerships with a number of the world's largest vendors in the field of PLM, BIM and ERP . Apparently, the solution of many tasks of NEOLANT's customers (for objective or subjective reasons) requires the integration of different genre solutions from different vendors. In such conditions, there is often a need for one or another integration of PLM, AEC, ERP elements and the development of additional auxiliary modules. I suspect that with a methodologically competent definition and use of the term BIM, this concept could quite reasonably unite all the solutions applied and integrated by NEOLANT. However, since today at the mass level it is often practically “we say BIM, we mean ArchiCAD or Revit or ...”, it is not surprising that NEOLANT is very narrow in the specificity of this term.

In order to break out of the instrumental framework of the narrowly understood BIM, NEOLANT chose, from my point of view, a methodologically naive way out: to pretend that BIM has nothing to do with the company and call its activities an extremely general term, which, from the point of view of any educated person, refers to encyclopedic concepts and cannot have an alternative interpretation in a separate niche of a single industry. Call it, say, Neol-BIM, H-BIM + or, if you are shy about BIM, NEOL-3D modeling, and they would boldly call themselves world leaders in it.

4. Conclusions

I repeat that I have no doubt that behind the inaccurate (from my point of view) applied terms that have been considered here, there are quite meaningful results and perspectives. Moreover, I am sure that the vast majority of users do not notice any carelessness and incorrectness and, most likely, do or will conclude that my vendor is the coolest. However, the development of our market may be faster than it seems to today's pragmatists. Until recently, it seemed to someone that it was more pragmatic to implement 2.5D in our country, and that BIM could only work in the conditions of the British monarchy. But large Russian enterprises can ripen to a complete PLM restructuring of their business faster than it seems today, and it is unlikely that the slogan of import substitution (if it persists) will prevent them from profitably implementing full PLM, including, say, Internet of Things, or even 3DExperience. And it cannot be ruled out that BIM will develop so far, including in the direction of the PLM methodology, that at a high architectural and methodological level it will absorb analogues of the relatively crude NEOLANT schemes, and these schemes will be imported to us in the form of some BIM2020 from this or that Siemens. Thus, I believe that the manner and practice of manipulating terms and concepts that I have noted not only reflects carelessness and incorrectness, but also fixes a very real methodological obstacle (brake) in the minds of vendors in the process of forming and implementing their long-term strategy.

In general, the manipulation of terms and concepts without their honest, unambiguous and qualified correlation with the system of concepts and knowledge accumulated by the culture of mankind seems like choosing the so-called special path without taking into account the gigantic world and one's own historical experience (either due to illiteracy, or political marketing considerations): such a choice can bring tactical success, but strategically, as the same experience shows, it is ineffective and dead-end.

By clicking on the "Download archive" button, you will download the file you need for free.
Before downloading this file, remember those good essays, control, term papers, theses, articles and other documents that are unclaimed on your computer. This is your work, it should participate in the development of society and benefit people. Find these works and send them to the knowledge base.
We and all students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

To download an archive with a document, enter a five-digit number in the field below and click the "Download archive" button