Farming where to start. Where to start an agricultural business - in Russia. "Development of family livestock farms"

The agricultural business is based on the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, herbs, farm animals and poultry. It is difficult to say which is the most profitable business in agriculture. It's all about food production. Therefore, whether it is a dairy farm or a greenhouse for growing greenery, there is always a buyer. Profitability varies depending on the type of business.

Promising business for the village

Recently, there has been a tendency for urban residents to move to rural areas. This is due to the fact that in big cities it is difficult to find a decent job due to strong competition, the cost of housing or its rent is very high, and large investments are required to open their own business.

In rural areas, all these issues are solved much easier and faster. Do not think that it is impossible to establish your own business in a village or village. The countryside provides an opportunity to implement a large number of successful business ideas. At the same time, a stable income is provided even at a significant distance from large cities and towns.

Let's get acquainted with a small but interesting list of profitable enterprises for rural areas:

Breeding carp in a pond;
Growing greenery in a greenhouse;
Breeding poultry for meat and eggs;
Breeding of pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits and other animals;
Cultivation of environmentally friendly crops;
Growing seedlings, seedlings, flowers and more;
Sawmill and woodworking;
Harvesting berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants;
Production of canned cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and other vegetables.

The list is endless. Rural areas involve focusing on a specific field of activity - growing and producing food. But no one will forbid an entrepreneur to organize rural tourism or start producing elite wines.

Most stable business in agriculture

Some enterprising businessmen manage to make money even out of thin air. But in agriculture, this method will not work. It will require not only long-term investment, but also a lot of experience, knowledge, strong nerves and serious labor costs. Only dealers can get easy money on agricultural products. A person who decides to grow animals or vegetables will have to "sweat" very much before the first profit appears.

The most stable activities include:

Processing and storage of agricultural products;
Growing elite seeds;
Fertilizer production;
Agricultural trade.

The most risky business in agriculture

Due to certain characteristics and the impact of a huge number of factors that do not depend on a person, many types of activities in agriculture are very risky. Growing plants outdoors is at greatest risk. Incomprehensible weather conditions do not give any guarantee that the funds invested in growing plants will at least pay off. With the same sowing and care, a completely different harvest can be obtained each year. In this case, it is necessary to strictly maintain the crop rotation, otherwise the next year you can completely lose the crop altogether.

Livestock is also one of the unstable areas of income. Prices for meat and milk are constantly changing, and raising animals requires high costs, both for the acquisition of young animals and their maintenance. But this does not mean that this business is not worth investing in. There are many examples of agricultural farms flourishing and generating a lot of income for their owners.

What are the reasons for the difficulties in organizing an agricultural business?

Organization of entrepreneurship in agriculture requires colossal material, physical and energy costs. If we start from the all-Russian statistical indicators, despite the cost, such a business is highly profitable.

An entrepreneur has to deal with the following main problems and difficulties in doing business:

Changes in the environmental situation for the worse;
Constant change in climatic conditions;
Epidemiological diseases of animals and birds, which lead to pestilence or the need to exterminate the population;
Extermination of plant crops by insect pests;
Natural disasters: droughts, hurricanes, torrential rains and more;
Increased state standards for products;
Constant control by the sanitary and epidemiological service;
Bureaucratic problems associated with obtaining certificates of quality, conformity and other documentation.

Officials very nicely and perspectively describe all the delights of doing business in the agricultural industry. In fact, one has to deal with endless bureaucratic delays, lack of subsidies and assistance to small businesses.

Most profitable business

The profitability of a business can be determined based on several indicators. One of them is the presence of increased demand from the population. These indicators correspond to: poultry farming (breeding chickens, quails and geese), growing feed products, growing grain crops and pig breeding.

The opening of a dairy plant can be considered a profitable investment, provided that the purchase of milk is made from local farmers for a small fee. By buying milk for pennies, the plant gains double profitability by selling prepackaged and processed products.

A detailed guide on how to start a farm. What documents are required and how much money do you need to invest? The answers are here.

Capital investments in peasant farms: from 770,000 rubles

Payback of the farm: 9-12 months

This article will cover, how to start a farm from scratch.

For those who are not yet "in the subject", then: a farm (aka a peasant farm) is an enterprise that produces and sells agricultural products.

In the minds of many people, this definition can evoke associations with hundreds of hectares of fields, large livestock and other similar pictures.

However, any entrepreneur can organize mini-production. And it is very profitable to conduct it.

And analysis of development trends shows that demand will only grow in the future.

What are the main occupations of farming as a business?

Farming can be divided into several categories:

Plant growing.

A huge list of plants can be planted and sold in the Russian Federation.
But several types are especially popular:

various greens;
cereals;
vegetables;
berries and fruits.

Home farm (breeding).
There are several popular directions:
1. Cattle: cows and goats (for dairy and meat products), pigs, sheep (wool), rabbits;
2. fish farming (trout, sturgeon, carp);
3. poultry (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys).
Additional areas of farming activities.
This is one of the strengths of farming.
Almost any type of activity allows for additional profit.
This is beneficial, because you use your own raw materials for manufacturing, and do not buy:
1. vegetables, berries, fruits can be frozen and sold;
2. dairy products can be used for the manufacture and sale of cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, fermented baked milk;
3. if the farm produces grain, it can be used to make flour or bake baked goods.

What are the features of a farming business?

To open and run a farm profitably and legally, it is worth considering several distinctive features from other options for entrepreneurial activity:

Farming is often a family business.
After all, its members can only be people related by family ties and over 16 years old.
But don't think that you can only open a mini farm with such a small staff.
It is allowed to attract workers "from outside", but no more than 5.
Each member of the farm is obliged to take personal part in production.
A farm can be called a farm if it produces at least 70% of agricultural products.
The state strongly supports farming, so entrepreneurs can count on help in buying equipment and even getting a plot of land for free.

How to open a farm: step-by-step instructions for collecting documents

The family usually decides to open a farm.

But this does not mean that you will not need to register with the tax office!

Especially if you want to get benefits or a piece of land from the state.

The list of documents and the very instructions for registration can be obtained from the law that regulates the farm (N 74-FZ of June 11, 2003).

Only after all the papers have been completed, you can start organizing the farm itself.

You need to start by looking for a suitable piece of land, and then proceed to solving other issues.

Analysis of the current situation in agriculture

Small business is now actively developing all over the world, and the Russian Federation is no exception.

Such spheres as trade, service and private farming can be singled out.

The latter demonstrates a high level of profitability and finds full support from the state.

If we evaluate the growth rate of agriculture as a whole, we can say about its decline.

Technological progress, GMOs have replaced them.

In the villages there are fewer and fewer able-bodied people, and young people do not strive to devote themselves to farming.

But it is worth noting that in the wake of the enthusiasm for a healthy lifestyle, the boom in vegetarianism and raw food diets, the demand for farming began to grow again.

But mainly for mini production of homemade, absolutely environmentally friendly products.

This state of affairs gives excellent prospects to open a farm.

There is no need to waste a moment when competition is at a moderate level and farm demand begins to grow gradually.

How to open your farm: choosing land for farming

The first thing that is important to find an entrepreneur who has decided to start a farm from scratch is a suitable piece of land.

It is not necessary to buy it at the start, especially since not everyone has an appropriate start-up capital.

First, rent it.

If the entrepreneurial activity is promoted profitably, then it will be possible to return to the issue of buying in the future.

It is best to look for a farm area outside the city, away from any industrial facilities, major roads, and other farms.

But not far away, so that you can quickly and inexpensively transport farm products to customers.

If you intend to plant plants or raise cattle, environmental friendliness and safety of the environment are important.

Also, some features appear depending on the chosen field of farming:

For breeding cattle, the plot of land must be large, have a sufficient area of \u200b\u200blawns for grazing, a reservoir.
If the farm is beekeeping, there must be fields with flower stalks next to the apiary.
Otherwise, you will have to plant them yourself.
A pond is also important if you are going to breed domestic waterfowl.

How to hire personnel in your farm?

Running a farming business is extremely difficult, especially for a budding entrepreneur.

Therefore, even with all the knowledge necessary for work, a businessman needs to hire a staff of workers.

For each area of \u200b\u200bactivity, the list of required positions will be different.

But for any farming niche related to animals, you can't do without a key person - a veterinarian.

He will deal with the prevention or minimization of the main risk - disease and animal quarantine.

Also, the veterinarian allows you to carry out childbirth at the highest level, that is, to increase the farm livestock in a natural way without the cost of purchasing. So investing in the best veterinarian is profitable for an entrepreneur.

Otherwise, the list of hired people will look like this:

An ordinary peasant farm mini-farm: butcher, livestock technician, milkmaid, manager, cleaner.
Beekeeping: depends on the number of hives, usually there is 1 beekeeper for 10 of them.
Breeding rabbits or poultry: a simple task, it is enough to hire 1-2 helpers.
But this is only relevant for mini-farm production.
For a business with a thousand livestock, the number of employees will be ten times greater.

How to open a farm: points of sale

Homemade natural products obtained on farms are in demand by many buyers.

For example, the main livestock product - meat - will be bought by restaurants, shops, and individuals.

There is also a demand for production by-products - wool, down. Although the demand for them, of course, is lower than for meat.

Also, catering outlets and various trading companies will buy fruits, vegetables, herbs, and grain.

It should be borne in mind that in this case, sales will occur in wholesale quantities, therefore the purchase price for customers will be lower than the usual retail one.

While it is not difficult to trade in large quantities for crop production, collecting sufficient volumes of honey is no longer so easy.

So if you decide to breed bees on the scale of a full-fledged business, a mini apiary is not suitable for these purposes.

It will be necessary to purchase at least 50 bee colonies in order to produce the required amount of product.

Therefore, most often beekeeping is organized by the whole family - after all, it is almost impossible to serve such a large apiary yourself.

But at the same time, it is very profitable to engage in a farm, the level of profitability is at least 20-30%.

How much money does it take to open a farm?

The point that must be carefully calculated when is the size of the investment.

After all, everyone will have their own list of expenses, and accordingly the amount.

Most of it will be spent on renting an area that is suitable for your farming.

Also, in the case of choosing animal husbandry, considerable capital will be spent on the purchase of the first batch of animals or insects (beekeeping).

One of the significant advantages is the one-time costs of opening a farm.

Almost any other business requires monthly infusions of considerable sums.

An entrepreneur invests money in a farm once and then works for himself.

An indicative list of expenses for starting a peasant business looks like this:

What are the risks for the farm?

Owning your own peasant business is definitely not the most risky business, according to many.

However, in this area, in fact, there are many potential troubles that can ruin the economy and lead to losses.

The list for a specific selected area of \u200b\u200ba peasant farm will be its own, but the general list includes:

unfavorable weather conditions for plant growth,
various natural disasters,
invasion of insect pests,
diseases among livestock,
quarantine zones for animals.

How profitable is it to have a farm,

a working farmer tells in real numbers:

How quickly will your farm pay off?

The amount of investment from scratch will be determined by what kind of industry in agriculture the entrepreneur decided to engage in.

Indeed, opening from scratch will require a different list of equipment, the number of personnel, the type and cost of purchased consumables.

The products obtained in rural production are in demand among all segments of the population.

The trend towards organic lifestyle that has emerged in recent years has only strengthened the growing demand for natural products.

So if the above step-by-step instructions on how to open a farm are followed by an entrepreneur point by point and he produces exceptionally high-quality goods, the business at the farm will flourish!

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Many people believe that rural life and farming are irrelevant now. But few people realize that a fairly large part of the goods on store shelves are products of modern farms, and sometimes much simpler than in the city. In addition, such a business is quite affordable and, under certain conditions, even low-cost, it is possible to combine several types of production in it, and the combinations themselves directly depend on the territories covered, preferences and profitability.

An agricultural business is not always solely a farm. As a rule, it is not just about raising cows, pigs, chickens and vegetables on the site. It assumes a certain system of activities, which means that agriculture should include the distribution of income and expenses, a business plan and official registration of activities.

How to start farming from scratch?

Any business, regardless of the scale and amount of capital, should start with an idea. A person who decides to open his own farm must first of all determine which direction suits him best. After all, a farmstead is not only animal husbandry, but also crop production. If you combine them, then doing it is totally undesirable.

Advice: in order to correctly combine the directions of farming, it is necessary to study the peculiarities of growing individual species of animals and plants in order to determine how compatible they are with each other. Some fruit crops, for example, do not at all tolerate the presence of cattle nearby.

After the future farmer decides on the directions, he will need funds to implement the idea. And this is not only money, but also territory, premises, food (for animals) and fertilizers (for plants). And, of course, you must definitely register your future business. Usually, this type of activity is registered as an individual entrepreneur.

Livestock

A farmer who decides to open a livestock farm can receive meat, eggs, milk, leather from his farm. But at the same time, animal husbandry can be successfully combined with plant growing, fish farming and beekeeping. Any animal requires proper care and compliance with sanitary standards.

Pig breeding

Pork is a very popular and expensive meat on the market. it can be considered quite a profitable business, given that one sow, with proper care, brings up to 30 piglets a year, and one adult pig gives about 200 kilograms of meat and lard products.

Advice: only monthly piglets should be purchased for breeding on the farm, so they will better adapt to the new "home", will be less sick and will not feel affection for the owner.

In the pig room, you should make several air outlets, constantly monitor the cleanliness of the pigsty and insulate it for the winter. Tightness is also not welcome. The floor should be slit. Pigs should be fed at the same time, and pauses in feeding should not exceed 8 hours. They eat greens (as large as possible), dairy and meat products, as well as special pig feed.

One piglet costs about 3.5-5 thousand rubles, depending on age, breed and region. For your own use, for a start, a couple of piglets for divorce will be enough, provided that they are healthy and take root well.

Keeping cows, goats, sheep, horses

In general, horses, goats, cows and sheep are unpretentious in keeping. A good adult horse costs about 30-50 thousand rubles, a dairy cow about 40-50 thousand, sheep and goats - about 10-20 thousand rubles, depending on the breed. As a rule, all these animals feed on grass and some edible fruits in summer. In winter - good quality soft hay. Horses can be fed with oats, cows - with compound feed.

Dairy milk cows are capable of producing up to 30 liters of milk per day, goats - up to 5-8 liters, while goat's milk is considered a delicacy and is more valuable. Horses are used as a draft force, and their meat is actively consumed as food. Sheep wool is a valuable material, and lamb meat is a popular delicacy. Today they seem to be profitable and popular types of agricultural business. In winter, animals must be kept in a warm, spacious room separately from each other.

Rabbit breeding

Rabbits are capable of producing both meat and fur, while being quite unpretentious in breeding and keeping. Rabbits, as a rule, on farms are kept either in open-air cages, pits, sheds, cages, or in a separate mini-farm. But no matter what room the farmer chooses to contain, the following conditions must be met:

Lack of drafts and direct sunlight;
A complete diet;
Timely vaccination;
Purity;
Pure water;
Correct temperature regime.

The diet of rabbits should contain both fresh fruits of vegetables and seasonal fruits, and dry concentrated feed. It is also helpful to feed them grass and hay.

Fish farming

Today it is a very profitable business, but it requires a lot of investment and knowledge. Such a farm, as a rule, is built on artificial ponds of different types, depending on the types of fish and their number. But it is worth noting that it can occupy very large areas, which will require a lot of expenses.

Usually carp, carp, silver carp, pike perch, tench, carp are grown in ponds. Pond fish can easily get food for themselves, but feeding is still necessary. Best suited for this: meal, cake, bran, feed. Top dressing, as a rule, begins in May with the help of "feeding tables" (heavy square wooden trays 0.5 x 0.5 m and a height of 4-6 cm. At least 4 "feeding tables" are usually required per hectare.

Beekeeping

Apiaries today bring good income to the beekeeper and a certain benefit to society. After all, bees not only extract honey, but also pollinate fruit plants. But how to start a beekeeping business?

First of all, for the apiary, it is necessary to find a deserted place away from roads and closer to the areas where honey plants grow. Next, beehives are installed for 12-24 frames, which can be purchased or made by hand, and an Omshanik (wintering house).

The beekeeper should always have a set of power tools and a workbench with hand tools, as well as a rotary honey extractor, a smoker to pacify bees, and protective clothing. Bees are purchased either by so-called bee packages or by full-fledged families.

Poultry

On the farm, you can grow a wide variety of birds: both ordinary, to which everyone is accustomed (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys), and outlandish (carp, partridge, guinea fowl, peacocks, ostriches). It all depends on which market the farmer is targeting. You can even limit yourself to raising chickens. They will provide popular chicken meat and organic eggs, while being unpretentious and inexpensive. Geese, ducks and turkeys are in less demand, but they cost 3-7 times more. Carp, guinea fowl and peacocks are quite expensive and are sold, as a rule, in restaurants or private buyers.

In order to grow poultry, you need to have an incubator, special aviaries that are insulated for the winter, feeders, drinkers and walking areas. As a rule, farmers buy either several pairs of birds for breeding, or young offspring for subsequent rearing, or eggs for setting in an incubator. Each of the methods is good in its own way. Young chicks feed, as a rule, on boiled eggs, cereals, cottage cheese, herbs, insects and special feed mixtures. Adults eat greens, feed mixtures with mineral and vitamin supplements, insects and grain (oats, wheat, barley).

Plant growing

The diet of any person consists not only of meat and fish products, but also of vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms. This means that crop production will always be a relevant direction of the farming business.

Growing flowers

In a farm environment, flowers can be grown for all tastes. The most unpretentious (which is very important) are violets and roses. The profitability of the flower business is 70-300%, and the initial investment is about 500-600 thousand rubles, including land lease, purchase of cuttings and incandescent lamps. In addition, it is important to remember about the arrangement of greenhouses with a constant microclimate and fertilized soil.

Growing vegetables and herbs

A wide variety of vegetables can be grown on the farm. It should be noted that such as potatoes, carrots, beets, radishes and many others do not need to make greenhouses. But for tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants and zucchini, they are needed in the cold season. Most of the investments will be in the lease of land and their construction. Seeds do not require special costs, especially since they can subsequently be harvested independently. With the right business payback, a maximum of 12 months is achieved.

Growing mushrooms

In mushroom farming, a lot depends on what types of mushrooms the farmer is going to grow. The most whimsical (but also the most expensive) can be considered truffles (grown in the ground on seedlings with mycelium), the most common are oyster mushrooms and mushrooms. But they also require proper care. To breed them, you will need a special room with a constant microclimate and chambers in which bags with straw and mycelium will be placed. If seedlings for truffles cost about 1.5-2 thousand rubles, then oyster mushrooms and champignons can be bought 5-6 times cheaper, while both mycelium and straw can be harvested independently in the future.

Growing fruits and berries

It may require greenhouses (especially during the cold season), but some varieties can be grown outdoors. The starting capital for starting a business on strawberries is enough and 100 thousand rubles plus 25-30 thousand monthly costs.

Growing raspberries requires a very different approach. For her, it is enough to buy seedlings and prepare the site. Raspberries are grown, as a rule, in the warm season, and in the winter they are "buried" in earth to protect them from frost.

Apple trees, cherries, sea buckthorn are grown in gardens on a prepared plot. This will require the purchase of seedlings, grafting, covering trees with a special film for the winter. As a rule, young trees bear fruit for at least the next year. The profitability of the “fruit and berry” business is approximately 60-100%.

Activity registration

Any business, including agricultural, must be registered. This is done in several stages:

Payment of state fees;
Notarization of the application for registration;
Preparation and submission of a package of documents to the IFTS;
Obtaining ready-made registration documents;
Registration in funds;
Receiving a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
Opening a bank account.

How to lease land for farming?

Receiving land for lease and legal registration of a business are not related to each other, which means that you can first take care of the land plot. To do this, you will need to apply to the local administration with a statement. After she considers the application, the prospective farmer will be provided with information about the location of the site. After that, it is necessary to invite representatives of the land management organization to the site to conduct land surveying, delineation of boundaries and photography. Next, you will need to put the site on cadastral registration and obtain a cadastral passport. With all the documents, you must again contact the administration to issue a resolution on the transfer of the site, and the lease must be registered with the Federal Registration Center.

How to get help from the state for the development of agriculture?

In 2016, the state actively assists in the organization and development of agriculture, and today it is not difficult to get a grant for this from 1 to 4 million rubles. Grants are paid specifically for setting up a farm or as a lump sum for a farmer's household appliance.

The grant is issued for:

Acquisition or lease of land;
Project development;
Purchase of equipment;
Conducting communications;
Purchase of animals and planting materials;
Purchase of fertilizers.

The following can apply for payment:

A citizen of the Russian Federation of working age;
A person who is the head of a peasant and farm enterprise registered for less than 24 months;
A person with at least 3 years of education and experience in agriculture.

To receive a grant, you must prepare:

Business plan;
Cost plan with prices;
Own funds in the amount of at least 10% of the grant.

In addition, you will need:

Creation of at least three jobs;
Upon receipt of a grant by the head of a peasant and farm enterprise - experience of at least 5 years;
The grant must be spent within 12 months of official receipt.

A beginner farmer, as a rule, is given a grant based on the results of a certain competition, which means that it is not enough just to present documents and a business plan, it is necessary for the business to be relevant and profitable.

Advice: business in agriculture can be considered low-cost, but some investment will still be required. And sometimes even big enough. After all, the initial capital does not limit expenses, which will certainly appear during each month until the day when the business will pay off and start generating income. A grant is a great problem solver. But even if it fails, the state provides assistance in other ways. Including can be obtained at a low interest rate and subsidies from the state.

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Contrary to popular beliefs, the agricultural and, in particular, farming business can hardly be called old-fashioned. Many modern people associate animals and land with dirt, ugly clothes and other negative things. But without agriculture and farms, there would not be half of the products on store shelves, and today's farms have long been crammed with equipment and high technologies that maintain cleanliness, microclimate and sometimes even do half of the work for the farmer. In addition, it should be noted that according to all sanitary norms and norms of food products, the farm is environmentally friendly and nutritious. If we take into account the fact that in connection with the current crisis the state supports domestic producers, farmers constantly receive some assistance and can develop freely. A pleasant bonus will be the ease of sale not only to store shelves, but also to cafes and restaurants.

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Many people are of the opinion that life in the countryside and farming is irrelevant. But think about it - after all, every day we see the products of small private farms on store shelves. It is sometimes easier to make money in a village than in a city. By combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not just about raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well thought out system of regulation of expenses and income.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of scale. Anyone who decides to open his own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. At the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything competently and make a successful combination.

That is why a careful study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and raising animals will be required. Before becoming a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual directions. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is categorically contraindicated to produce near the places where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and financial resources that future business will require. Everything should be foreseen - from primary financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, the organization of the farm territory, the purchase of feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future farm will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of individual entrepreneurs.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will prohibit combining animal breeding, plant growing, fish farming or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly what areas can take place for an individual entrepreneur in a peasant farm.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand on the market and costs a lot at the same time. This business is quite profitable, because by taking this direction seriously, you can, with good care, get up to 30 piglets from one sow per year. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and lard.

Piglets of one month old are usually purchased for breeding. They are less susceptible to disease, they adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (the pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter and must be provided with vents. Closeness to animals is contraindicated. They are fed according to the regimen, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), meat and dairy products and special feed for pigs. One pig can be purchased for an amount from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In the summer, they are all able to eat grass. For the winter, they need good quality soft hay. For feeding, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding both goats and sheep is one of the most popular and profitable agricultural businesses.

Rabbits

From them they receive both fur and meat. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of aviaries, cages, pits or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter for the farmer. However, certain conditions must be adhered to:

Protect animals from direct sunlight and drafts.
Provide adequate feeding.
Do not forget about timely vaccination.
Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
Remember the optimal temperature conditions.

The rabbit diet combines a large amount of seasonal fresh fruits and vegetables with concentrated dry food. Hay and grass are quite suitable for feeding them.

Fish farming

This business is one of the most profitable these days. But taking it up requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investment. Agricultural enterprises such as fish farms are most often set up on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of different types. It depends on the volume of production and the preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for arranging a pond, the costs of this business may turn out to be unbearable for a novice farmer.

Who can you most often meet in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without feeding. As it they take bran, cake, compound feed.

Since about May, fish are fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square trays of wood, approximately 50 x 50 cm in size. Each hectare of pond will require at least four such "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from an apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertion and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install the hives for 12-24 frames, as well as the Omshanik (wintering house). The beekeeper can buy or make hives on his own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in packs and in full-fledged families.

Poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to start poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual growing of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is several times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowls, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and they will most likely have to be sold to private buyers or to restaurants.

To grow poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special enclosures that are insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers acquire couples for divorce, or in a certain number of young offspring, which are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, herbs, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is practically the same. Grain predominates in their menu - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mix.

Growing plants

Crop production has always been and remains one of the topical areas of agricultural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an irreplaceable component. In addition, it is quite possible to plant flowers in a farm environment. The flower business has a high profitability (70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, in which a constant microclimate must be maintained and well-fertilized soil must be located.

Returning to growing greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for a farm is very diverse. Unpretentious species, such as potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to grow greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, in the cold season you cannot do without greenhouses.

Their construction, along with the lease of land, will require quite serious investments. Seed costs are expected to be relatively low. In addition, in the coming years you will provide yourself with them. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year, you can get the first serious harvest. If you're unsure of where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are grown in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles for truffle seedlings. It is much cheaper to purchase a base for cultivating champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to deal with strawberries, you cannot do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business will require a start-up capital of about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and a plot is being prepared. They do it in the summer season, for the winter, the bushes are added in order to protect them from frost.

Sweet cherry, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in dedicated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvesting from young trees, you will wait at best for the next year. The fruit and berry business is profitable at about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

Where to start a farming legally? Every business needs registration, and agricultural is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarizing the corresponding application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you should wait for the issuance of ready-made documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat containing statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can also take care of renting a land plot before the legal registration procedure. The rental application is submitted to the local administration. After considering the case, you will receive information about where the alleged site is located. Representatives of the land management organization will need to be called there. They will conduct a survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, the corresponding passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a resolution for the transfer of the site. In addition, the registration of the lease agreement will be required.

The state will help us

In recent years, assistance to young farms has been a priority for the state. Now it is not difficult to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can range from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically to create a farm or have a lump sum payment for a household device.

This money is purposefully given to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, purchasing the necessary equipment, carrying out the required utilities, as well as purchasing materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can qualify for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms, the registration period of which is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that must be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. The amount of own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who received it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the funds issued within 12 months from the date of issue.

They give grants based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. This kind of support can be considered a great way to tackle the initial investment problem. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for a farm. In addition, various options for government subsidies are possible.

Summing up

Modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of \u200b\u200bwhich is firmly rooted in the heads of many (hard and dirty business, low-income and thankless). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in the cultivation of animals and plants. In poultry and livestock breeding premises it is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate. Most of the operations can actually be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm labor.

Financial support from the state is especially important in the current crisis. It allows farmers to grow their businesses. In addition, due to the extensive development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, there are usually no problems with the sale of finished products.

The state strongly supports entrepreneurs who are engaged in agriculture, so this niche began to attract many newcomers. Farming has many advantages - wide sales markets, high income and quick payback. In this article, we will tell you how to become a farmer from scratch in our country.

Development prospects

Starting from scratch in Russia is one of the most promising areas of activity for newcomers living in rural areas. This is due to the following factors:

First of all, this is help from the state to farmers. Subject to certain conditions, any newcomer can receive a gratuitous subsidy, grant or tax breaks as support for his newly created farm;
Constant rise in food prices. This is beneficial for the profitability of farms;
Farm products are always in demand on the market, since they are essential goods;
Domestic manufacturers do not experience any restrictions on market access;
In this area, new areas of activity are constantly appearing, for example, breeding ostriches or pheasants;
Wide sales markets.

Business ideas 2019 with minimal investment in rural areas are the ideal basis for the development of a large-scale enterprise. If you are responsible for your work and are able to create a competent development strategy, the farm will generate significant income.

Growing mushrooms

Experienced businessmen often have to answer the question of how to become a farmer from scratch and where to start. They advise, before choosing an idea, you need to highlight the main aspects:

Fast learning opportunity;
Minimum start-up capital;
Fast payback;
Great demand for products.

Suitable for all these parameters. This idea has many advantages and allows you to make good profits. Mushrooms don't require much attention, so growing them won't take a lot of your time.

If you have made the decision to want to become a farmer and are wondering where to start, then first of all you need to calculate the future costs. The size of the start-up capital largely depends on the scale of production, the variety of mushrooms that you will grow and the cost of the seed. Let's try to calculate how much money is needed for one production cycle of mushrooms in a small farm:

Production of 30 tons of compost - 20 thousand rubles;
Mycelium - 10 thousand rubles;
Heating - 50 thousand rubles.
Total: 80 thousand rubles.

From 1 ton of compost, you can harvest 200 kg of champignons at 100 rubles per 1 kg. With 30 tons, you will receive 6 tons of mushrooms, worth 600 thousand rubles. If you are now wondering how to become a zero-cost farmer from scratch, you can start growing mushrooms on a small scale, for example, in your country house or in the basement of a private house. Invest the earned money in the development of the enterprise and over time you will be able to achieve great success.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse

Everyone knows that vegetables that are sold in stores in winter are grown in greenhouses. Such products are charged exorbitant prices, and the manufacturer receives the bulk of the money from their sales. Based on this, it can be argued that owning a greenhouse farm is a great idea of \u200b\u200bhow to become a farmer from scratch in Crimea and get help from the state.

It is desirable that your farm is located close to sales markets, for example, in a nearby suburb. Do not forget to provide convenient access roads for the export of finished products. How to build a polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands for winter cultivation can be found from specialists or from thematic literature.

Before you become a greenfield farmer in the field of vegetable growing, carefully consider where you will take the finished product. The easiest option is to sell the crop through wholesalers, but they offer low prices, so the profit from growing vegetables will be insignificant. Another option is retail. In this case, you will have to equip the outlet and hire a seller. Many farmers sell their finished products to restaurants and processing plants.

The profitability of this business largely depends on the climatic conditions and the choice of culture. It is most profitable to focus on an expensive product, since in the summer many vegetables are grown in the open field and their prices are significantly reduced during the season. In this regard, your greenhouse cultivation costs may not pay off. Once you have a net income, you can start thinking about how to become a vegetable farmer on a larger scale.

Organic food production

Recently, the demand for organic products has been growing. Many entrepreneurs make good money from this. If you own your own plot of land and are curious about how to become a farmer from scratch, farming may be the perfect idea to start. Its main advantage is its low entry threshold. A small eco-farm can be organized on your own personal plot. This is the easiest way to become a novice farmer.

Organic food production is one of the most promising niches in the market. If you are attracted to this direction of activity, do not rely entirely on your own knowledge and intuition. Before you become a farmer in Russia from scratch in the field of organic farming, consult a qualified specialist. He will tell you which crops are best to grow in your area and how to properly care for them. If you choose your planting time wisely, you can harvest two crops in one season. For example, first you sow a radish that ripens in 40 days, after which you plant tomatoes or peppers in its place. A competent selection of crops will allow you to increase your income at times.

Breeding Vietnamese pigs

Wondering how to become a pig farmer? This area of \u200b\u200bactivity is distinguished by broad development prospects. High-quality fresh meat is always in demand in the market, so prices for it are consistently high. Pig breeding attracts many farmers with the simplicity of the technological process. All you have to do is raise the pigs and sell the meat. The only obstacle is large financial investments.

If you don't have a lot of start-up capital, start by raising Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs. This breed has many advantages over regular white pigs:

Due to their high immunity, animals do not need regular vaccination;
Vietnamese pigs are herbivores, so you don't have to buy a lot of expensive grain feed to grow them;
Females reach sexual maturity at 4 months and males at 6 months;
Great fertility.

If you don't know anything about pig farming, turn to entrepreneurs who have been involved in this business for a long time. They will tell you how to become a farmer from scratch, what you need to do for this. Experienced breeders believe that it is more profitable for the tribe than for meat. All investments are paid off literally after the first litter. Since piglets can be sold at 3-4 weeks of age, you will spend almost nothing on keeping them. The most important thing is a responsible attitude and hard work, you are guaranteed success.

Raising gobies for meat

Villagers often ask the question of how to become a farmer from scratch and whether they provide initial capital if they turn to the state for help. If you provide a competent business plan and can convince the commission that your activity will really benefit, in principle, you can count on financial support. But this does not mean that you can start without your own money. Before becoming a farmer in Russia, you need to put together at least a small start-up capital or start with the simplest ideas, for example, with growing vegetables on your own personal plot.

Now let's talk about how to become a farmer from scratch in the livestock industry. For example, you can start breeding gobies for meat. If you have enough money to raise 10 heads, you should not chase a high income and take 20 calves for fattening. Remember that young bulls cannot be kept out of range. When animals become adults, it is better to keep them in a barn or under a shed, as grown-up gobies can pose a danger to others. In order for animals to gain weight quickly, you need to include juicy and grain foods in their diet. When the bulls gain weight of 300-350 kg, they can be sold for 40-45 thousand rubles. As you can see, this is quite a profitable business, but before you become a farmer from scratch in the livestock industry, you need to prepare for the fact that the business will take a lot of your time and energy, since the animals require care and attention.

Growing remontant raspberries

What to do in the village to make money? Not a bad business idea - growing raspberries. It is suitable for anyone with a small plot of land. The amount of start-up capital depends on the choice of raspberry variety. In any case, the implementation of such a project will not require large financial investments. True, such a business is seasonal, but if you work hard, you can get a good addition to the family budget.

- this is a simple but rather troublesome business. It is necessary to make trellises that will support the branches. In addition, you will have to regularly remove young growth and weeds. If you don't take care of the raspberries, they will run wild. Income largely depends on both demand and the market price of this product. Raspberries can be handed over in bulk to shops and processing plants, or sold on the market at retail prices. Or combine all these options for the sale of finished products.

According to experts, growing raspberries is the easiest way to become a farmer from scratch in the field of crop production. The profitability of growing remontant raspberries reaches 65%. All initial investments pay off in 3.5 years. If you want to increase your income, you can sell cuttings and cuttings.

Breeding geese

A great idea how to become a successful farmer from scratch in our country. This is a fairly profitable business that does not require significant financial investments.

Let's try to figure out how to become a farmer and where to start? First of all, you will need a room with an area of \u200b\u200b150 sq. meters. It can contain 1000 birds. It should be insulated as geese can frostbitten their paws or beak. The construction of such a building will be too expensive, so it is better to rent an abandoned poultry house.

The biggest costs are the purchase of young stock and feed. If you do not have your own funds, ask your local administration how to become a farmer from scratch and get a subsidy from the state. Such financial assistance can be a good basis for the development of your business.

Summing up, I would like to note the following: if you have experience in breeding poultry and have in mind an abandoned poultry house with an adjacent land plot and a small reservoir, you can safely breed geese. This is one of the easiest and most profitable options for how to become a farmer from scratch in 2019.

Breeding of laying hens for eggs

Let's think about what you can earn in the village? There are many ideas that can be successfully implemented in rural areas. The simplest of these is chicken breeding. If you create good conditions for laying hens, you will receive 80–85 eggs daily from a hundred heads. It is also possible to sell chicken manure. It is used as a plant fertilizer. When the chickens begin to lay fewer eggs, they can be sent for slaughter and sold, and chickens can be purchased again for the money.

Does not require serious financial or time expenditures from you. The bird needs to be fed and watered on time, as well as to remove droppings after them. You will spend no more than two hours a day on all this. That's all it takes to become a farmer in this field. There are usually no problems with the sale of eggs, since this product is always in demand on the market.

If you are looking for ideas on how to become a greenfield poultry farmer, start by raising laying hens and gradually grow your business. All investments are paid off in 8 months, after which you go to a net income. If you sell not only eggs, but also meat, chickens, the farm will flourish.

Breeding pheasants

Watching videos on the Internet on how to become a farmer from scratch, you probably came across such an original idea as breeding pheasants. This is a very interesting and rather profitable type of entrepreneurial activity, but in our country it is not yet very popular. Local breeders have no experience in breeding such exotic birds, which negatively affects the development of this business.

Pheasant meat is purchased by many shops and restaurants. If you can properly organize the marketing of finished products, your business will flourish. In Russia, pheasants are also bought by many hunting farms, which arrange hunting for them for wealthy people. On average, one pheasant can be sold for $ 10, while its cost price is $ 5-6. will require certain financial investments from you. All investments are paid off in 2-3 years.

conclusions

- This is quite a profitable, but at the same time troublesome business. The level of profitability depends on the scale of the farm, pricing policy and sales volumes of finished products. The more cash you can get, the faster your business will grow.

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