Loan business. The auditor is coming to us. What is needed to organize this business

In order to start issuing microloans and start working in this area, you need initial capital. Where to get it? You can take a loan from a bank, but then the profit will be less due to the payment of interest on the loan. You can find an investor, but in order to convince him to invest in this business, you need a business plan. Let's consider both options. First, we took out a bank loan. Initially, in order to start working fully, we need an amount of about 2,000,000 rubles.

Find a room.
It should not be large, we are not a bank branch, but comfortable. The room must be located near the metro or large shopping centers so that it can be easily found. The rent will be about 30,000 rubles per month, the contract can be concluded immediately for half a year, so that your head does not hurt.

Next, we find workers.
Our working day and they will be 12 hours from 9.00 to 21.00. This means that workers must be recruited taking into account shifts, let's say schedule 2 through 2. From the staff, we need the operator himself, the telephone operator, the security service, the security guard, the cleaner and the cashier.
There will be 2 operators, on schedule, security guards too, but you can hire a citizen of the neighboring countries as a security guard, then he will work every day from 9.00 to 21.00 without days off.
The cashier can and should make a schedule from 9.00 to 18.00, but every day. There should be no problems with the employment of personnel, only with the security service. We need a person who worked in the authorities and has connections in order to "break through" a person.

Business registration.
The form of ownership is suitable for sole proprietorship, by the way, nowadays there are a lot of companies that help to open a sole proprietorship and in the future offer accounting support at a discount. Let's set aside 45,000 a year for registration, plus an accountant. Everything is included in this amount.

Software and salary costs.
Further, computer support will cost us 100,000 including communications, Internet, indoor alarm, video cameras at the box office.

For wages, we will allocate an amount at the rate of 100 rubles per hour.
It is more reasonable to issue loans in small amounts, the so-called "payday loans", because, firstly, they are easier to repay, and secondly, with a large percentage there will be a small overpayment, since the interest comes from the loan amount, and the loan is small. That is, for a person who wants to use our services, the amount will not be unbearable, respectively, the percentage of non-performing loans will be less.

Business development plan.
The maximum loan amount is indicated at 10.000 with a maximum term of 4 weeks. You can pay weekly or all at once. We will choose cash and non-cash payment methods. It is possible to conclude agreements with electronic service providers such as Qiwi, Eleksnet, etc. And people are comfortable, and us.

Since all our profits are interest paid by borrowers for using the loan, we will make the interest not large 0.01 of the loan amount per day. The conditions, in principle, are standard; among competitors in this area, no one has less than a percentage. So, with a loan of 10,000 for 4 weeks, the borrower will give 13,000. In total, our profit is 3,000 per borrower. We will miss the moment with fines in case of non-fulfillment of the terms of the contract. This is a separate article.

The more people use our loan, the greater the profit. But people need to know us. Of course, the best advertisement is the recommendation of a person who has already used a loan and liked everything, that is, the so-called "word of mouth". Basically, our potential clients are young people from 18 to 35 years old, we do not have to give loans to younger people by law, older people, as a rule, are already on their feet and prefer loans or reborrow from friends. Accordingly, advertising should be placed on various Internet portals, forums, pop-up windows and other methods on the Internet. For these purposes, it is better to hire a competent specialist who will probably make and promote the site. Payment is one-time, as a full-time employee, we do not need it. Well, approximately allocate 25,000-30,000 rubles for this work.

If, on average, you give a loan in the amount of 100,000 per day, which is 10-20 people, then the profit can be up to 400,000 in the second month.

The amounts are huge, the risks are huge, investments are not as big as it seems at first glance, but competition in this area is growing by leaps and bounds.

Consider this option, the investor provided us with start-up capital. In this case, according to the terms of the contract, he will most likely first take his amount of money with interest, and only then you will be able to make a profit if you get promoted.

Microloan risks.
Do not forget about the risks. associated with non-repayment of loans. In this case, it is worth concluding an agreement with a collection agency, as they are usually professionals in their field. We will allocate a small amount for the services of a lawyer for drafting contracts, again, this is a one-time thing, we do not need a permanent lawyer in the state.

Naturally, there will be such borrowers who simply will not repay the loan, you can sue, but this can take months. Even if you win the court, you can not get anything from a person if he does not work or the bailiffs simply do not find him. But with good telephone operators and security service, the percentage of non-return should not be high. In any case, the profit will cover the bad loan.

Do you have a business idea? On our website you can calculate its Profitability Online!

In the last few years, the consumer lending market has begun to regain its former momentum. After the 2008 crisis, when the banking system around the world felt its imperfection, many people began to be wary of loans, and are trying to rely less and less on the money of banks and other financial institutions. Lending sank significantly, and against this background, microloans began to come to the fore.

On the Internet, at public transport stops, in the subway and on billboards, you can see ads for the provision of small amounts of money before salary. Low interest rates, good lending conditions, the absence of strict requirements that banks impose on their customers - all this makes microloans attractive to the population.

Well, you see, it’s much more convenient to get a microloan in the amount of 2000 rubles in 15-20 minutes, while providing only a passport and an identification code, than to spend half a day at the bank, and then wait another week for you to be approved as a borrower. The demand for microloans is growing, which means that it is necessary to satisfy it with an appropriate offer.

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Economic experts note that the modern microcredit market is quite promising. In Russia, this area began to develop relatively recently, and is in the early stages of its inception. What could this mean? You have a good chance to enter the market, occupy a free niche, organize activities and make a pretty good profit. In 2011, the total number of microcredits issued was 3 times more than in 2010. In 2012, this figure increased by 2 times. There are no exact statistics for 2013 and 2014, but those who work in this area say that the demand for microcredit is growing every year.

In this article, we will talk about how to start your business on microcredit, what legal acts regulate the scope of this business. Let's talk about what you should pay attention to first of all, how much you need to invest in the business, and when it will start to pay off. All the information that will be presented in this article is based on personal experience with microcredit, as well as on the advice and recommendations of people for whom microcredit is the main income and a profitable business.

Legal regulation of microcredit

Any activity that is related to the sphere of business and finance in Russia is regulated by special legislative acts. Microcredit is no exception. If you decide to engage in this type of business, then study the law “On Microfinance Organizations” in detail. This law states that a financial entity can issue loans for a total amount of not more than 31,600 US dollars. At the same time, all relations between the borrower and the lender are regulated in accordance with the civil code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the norms of this code in order to understand what you need to rely on and what you will have to work with.

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The procedure for creating a financial institution for microloans

Many people think that registering a financial institution that will issue microloans is something complicated, it requires a lot of time, knowledge and special skills. In fact, registration is quite simple. You need to register a legal entity, usually an LLC, and then the company must be registered in the state register, which takes into account microfinance organizations. Otherwise, its activities will be recognized as illegal.

For registration, you need to collect the following documents:

Application for registration of the organization. All statements have a clear form in which it must be written. You can find samples on the Internet, or on the website of the state registry.
Copies of constituent documents and certificate of registration of a legal entity. It is worth noting that the certificate must be certified by a notary.
Copies of protocols that prove the decision of the founders to establish a microfinance enterprise.
A copy of the decision that approves the general director, or another head of the enterprise.
Information about all the founders of the legal entity.
Information about the legal address and place of actual activity of the enterprise. Do not forget that you may have one legal address, but in fact you have the right to anywhere in our country.
Receipt for payment of the state fee for entering your company in the register. Very often the amount of the fee changes, therefore, we cannot say exactly how much you will pay at the time of entering the data.

After submitting the documents, if everything is in order with them, the company must be entered in the register within two weeks. This fact can be checked on the website of the state registry. You are also required to provide the relevant document. It is with this document that you will confirm the legality of issuing microloans.

Basic principles of operation of a microfinance institution

The work of a microfinance institution is associated with certain restrictions, which are clearly indicated in the law governing its activities. Such restrictions include:

A microfinance institution does not have the right to act as a guarantor for any financial transactions.
Loans must be issued exclusively in national currency. These institutions do not have the right to work with foreign currency.
Activities on the securities market are also prohibited. Financial institutions cannot buy and sell shares of any companies.
It is forbidden to take into account the interest rate for early repayment of the loan.
Issue loans in excess of what is specified in the relevant law.

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If a financial institution violates one of the above points, it will be fined. It is also possible that transactions carried out in violation will be canceled, the contracts are invalidated, and interest cannot be collected from the borrower.

Any activity, especially financial, is associated with certain risks. Even before starting your own business, you must clearly understand what problems you may encounter and outline for yourself ways out of these situations. The main risks include:

Non-repayment of loans. Perhaps this is the most common problem of financial institutions that specialize in lending to the population. And here no one is insured - be it a large and well-known bank, or a small enterprise that issues microloans.
Violation of the law, and subsequent sanctions by regulatory authorities. Of course, it all depends on you. Before starting any activity, you need to study in detail the legislative framework on which your business will be based. You cannot work with the hope that your mistakes will not be noticed, or they will get away with it.
Litigation and disputes with borrowers. Some borrowers, and believe there will be, disagree with interest rates. They believe that you deceived them, counted something wrong, made a mistake somewhere, and they go to court to defend their innocence. Litigation is an extra cost for you, undermining your authority, difficulties and inconvenience.

What is needed to organize this business

The fact that, first of all, you need to register an LLC and put it on record in the state register, we said above. What to do next? What are the next steps to organize this type of business?

Next, we move on to finding a space for your office. It is important to find a good place, presentable, one that inspires confidence. Also pay attention to the patency of the place you have chosen. If the office is located somewhere in the middle of nowhere, then it is unlikely that someone will specifically look for you. Locate your financial institution in business centers, on busy streets, near metro stations, or in a densely populated residential area. The monthly office rental fee may vary depending on your region, city, district, and even the selected shopping center.

Further expenses will be for the arrangement of the premises. You need to buy furniture, computer and office equipment, safes, money counting machines, stationery, etc.

If we talk about the staff, then everything is as simple as possible. At the initial stages of development, your company can employ no more than 2 people who will issue loans, accept payments, and draw up contracts. Salaries for employees largely depend on the level of salaries in your area. But on average, you need to pay about $500 per person.

Also, at the initial stage, you will have to spend well on advertising. We will tell you more about the most effective ways to advertise a microfinance institution below.

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To whom, how and how much money can be given

Microloans are good because they are given for a short period, for a specific task. The law establishes that the borrower can be persons aged 18 to 60 years. At the same time, they must have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The loan amount should not exceed one thousand dollars, and the term should not exceed 15 calendar days. The interest rate can be set individually, and the law does not specify the minimum from which you need to build on when issuing a loan.

At the initial stage, if you are planning to open one financial institution, $30,000 of borrowed funds will be enough for you. As a rule, few people take a thousand dollars for half a month. Most often, people need several thousand rubles to reach their salary, cover a loan, repay a debt to another person, report and buy something they need.

Advertising your business

Finance covers all spheres of our life. Therefore, advertising can be given taking into account this factor. Everyone needs money, and many are ready to take a short-term loan at a small percentage. So, let's look at and characterize the main advertising areas:

Outdoor advertising. If you have the funds, you can give a good and high-quality outdoor advertising. Billboards, banners, city lights - all this will be an excellent platform for advertising your business. As a rule, in the early stages of a company's development, it is best to advertise in your area, or in close proximity to the place where you are processing loans. Considering that there is competition in this segment, you should not count on a client who will travel through the whole city to get a loan from you.
Public transport advertising can be very effective. 90% of your target audience uses public transport every day. Therefore, if you correctly form an advertising proposal and think about the original presentation, then there is a chance that this type of advertising will be able to consistently bring you customers.
Advertising in print media. Newspapers and magazines are losing more and more every year in the race of the best advertising platforms. But the issuance of microloans is a niche that can still get good results from these sources of information. Here, too, a lot depends on the quality of the advertising material, the popularity of the newspaper or magazine, and the correct positioning of your services.
Internet sphere. The realities of the modern world dictate to us such business development conditions under which the absence of a company on the Internet is considered nonsense and short-sightedness. Therefore, if you want to develop in this area, then consider creating your own website, and the possibility of issuing microloans online directly to the card of any bank in the Russian Federation. And now your site should be promoted for various requests that are related to microloans and lending. Only select requests in such a way as not to compete with banks, and collect the target audience as much as possible.
Social networks are also a great platform for your advertising. Although they are part of the common "Internet family", I would like to pay special attention to advertising on social networks. Its advantages are that you can convey advertising to potential customers by selecting the necessary parameters: country, city, age, gender, place of study and work. Advertising in social networks allows you to make a wide coverage, quickly advertise your promotion or special offer, set up an advertising campaign in such a way as to get the maximum effect at minimal cost.

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In addition to targeted advertising, which is sold by social networks themselves, you can advertise in specialized public pages and groups. Look for publics on the topic of business, finance, making money on the Internet, everything related to money. Negotiate with the administration about advertising, and promote your services.

Advertising on social networks, and indeed on the Internet, is only good if you have your own website and are engaged in online lending. Thus, every citizen of the Russian Federation who has access to the Internet can become your potential client. If loans are issued only in the office and with the signing of an agreement, then it is worth limiting advertising only among users from your city or district.

How to write a business plan: investments and payback

The most important question that interests many aspiring entrepreneurs is how much should be invested in this business, and how quickly will the initial investment pay off?

One of the points of your business plan will be non-repayment of loans issued. Experienced businessmen advise to count on 50% non-returns. In fact, this amount will be much lower, but it is better to play it safe so as not to get into a difficult financial situation later.

Initial costs will be:

Formation and registration of the enterprise. Here the amount is not large, and if you do everything on your own, then the amount of payment of all duties will be no more than $ 100.
Room rental. Perhaps the biggest expense item that will drag on from month to month. The amount of the rent depends on your city, district, location of the chosen premises, and some other factors that affect the final price.
Employee wages. As we wrote above, at the initial stage, you need one accountant who will manage financial affairs and submit reports, and one or two office workers who will draw up contracts and issue loans.
Website creation and maintenance. If you decide to do online lending, which we advise you to do, you will need to spend money on creating your website. Also, the Internet resource will require monthly investments to maintain performance. This is money to pay for hosting, to write articles for the site, to hire administrators who will monitor round-the-clock performance.
Advertising costs. In the first few months, advertising costs will be very high. You need to understand that your further profit largely depends on a good advertising campaign. Try different ways of advertising, don't rely on one thing. You need to experiment, combining online advertising, and banner advertising, advertising in print media, and promotion in social networks. Collect statistics, analyze responses and conversions, and over time you will understand in which direction of advertising you need to invest money, and what you can refuse.
The cost of purchasing office and computer equipment. At a minimum, you will need tables, chairs, several computers, a printer, a scanner, safes for storing money.
Security costs. Since the work will be with money, we advise you to sign an agreement with the security service and put an alarm button. As the saying goes, God saves the safe.

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Now a few words about payback. If we take as a basis the figure of 8,000 dollars (monthly costs), then to reach the breakeven point, you need to issue loans in the amount of at least 20,000 dollars per month. Many companies that competently approach the organization of business, already in the first few months, as a rule, no more than two, begin to pay for their activities. Also an interesting fact is that the amount of loans issued in the first three months can be one and a half to two times less than the amount of loans that the company will issue after a year of operation. After one year of work, many financial institutions have the opportunity to expand, open new branches or representative offices in other cities.

Perhaps, each of us has come across a situation where a certain amount of money is urgently needed. And these funds are needed right now, immediately. Someone's only working computer is broken, and now you need to quickly get a new one. Someone needs to urgently pay off an old debt that has already come due. Someone is looking for funds for an unplanned, but very important trip that has fallen like snow on their heads and which cannot be canceled. And after all, quite a bit is needed - 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 rubles. But the bank account is completely empty, as a large purchase was recently made, and payday is still two whole weeks away.

What to do in such a situation?

There are actually several options. You can ask your relatives or friends for help. Perhaps they will borrow the necessary amount for the right period. The second way is to borrow money from a bank, as everyone does in similar situations. But your friends and relatives may not have the required amount, and to get a loan, you need to prepare a whole bunch of papers. Therefore, getting money at the right time can be very problematic.

Fortunately, there is a way out - contact the office involved. Such organizations have recently become very popular. For the population, this is a convenient way to “intercept money before payday,” and for entrepreneurs, this is a new promising business area.

How does the business of issuing microloans to the population work?

First you need to understand how this service works. The principle of operation resembles a credit institution. The difference lies mainly in the fact that in order to receive money, the client does not need to collect a whole package of documents. Just enough. In addition, money can be borrowed for a short period of time - from one week to a year. Financial resources are provided to the client on the basis of a loan agreement, and the activities of such an office are regulated by the Federal Law “On Microfinance Organizations”

As for the entrepreneur who provides such a service, he receives his benefit in the form of good interest. Each week of the loan costs the client 15-20%. That is, taking 10,000 rubles for a month, you will have to return 16,000 rubles. We get a profit of 60% per month. Not bad, isn't it? But, of course, not everything is so simple and easy. Otherwise, every enterprising resident of our country could provide such services (and make good money on it).

How to open your own service for issuing microloans to the population?

The scheme of work of such institutions is not something complicated. But to register such an institution is not so easy. Only legal entities registered in the special state register of microfinance organizations can be engaged in issuing microloans. That is, first of all, you need to register a legal entity with the tax office. And only after that proceed to the next step.

In order to successfully register in the register of microfinance organizations, it is necessary to collect and submit the following documents to the Ministry of Finance:

Photocopies of the certificate of registration of a legal entity, as well as all constituent documents. All papers must be certified by a notary.
Application for registration of your legal entity in the register.
All the necessary information about the organization - the address of the location, the data of the founders.
A photocopy of the decision of the founders on the creation of a microloan organization and on the appointment of the management of the future company.
Receipt of payment of the state fee in the amount of 1,000 rubles.

If the founder is a foreigner, then, in addition to all other documents, an extract from the register of foreign legal entities will be required.

After the package of documents is collected and registered, the Ministry of Finance is given two weeks to consider the decision. If the decision is in favor of the client, then a certificate is issued to the legal entity and the status of a microfinance organization is assigned. From this moment, the organization acquires the right to issue microloans to the population in the amount of up to one ruble.

Another way to organize such a business is franchising.

We live in an amazing time for business. Today, thanks to the development and popularization of franchising, almost everyone can become an entrepreneur. From the contender for the title of a businessman, only a desire and a certain amount of financial investment are required. All other issues are taken care of by the company. This also applies to services for issuing microloans to the population. Recently, many companies have appeared in this area that offer to organize their business on a franchise basis.

For example, Money to Payday and Money for Home companies can be a stratum point for growing your microfinance business. The advantage is that you get everything you need to get started - a marketing model, a well-known name, ongoing support.

Whatever way you choose to organize this business, it is important to remember the main thing. About risks. After all, you have to work with people. With different people. And many of them may turn out to be dishonest. Therefore, immediately think about how you will "knock out" money from negligent debtors. Otherwise, there is a risk of becoming bankrupt at the dawn of their activities.

Interest-bearer, usurer, spider - as soon as they did not name people who lend money at interest. Who with envy, and who with hatred, parting with the last property. But they agreed on one thing: such a business brings its owner a fabulous income! In the era of a developed banking sector, it is difficult to imagine that you can try to do something like that. And in vain, not so long ago, Russia adopted federal law No. 151, which regulates the activities of microfinance organizations (MFIs) and brings illegal creditors out of the shadows. Let us consider in more detail whether it is profitable to lend in our time.

What it is?

MFO - a legal entity registered in one of the permitted forms of organization and entered in the State Register of MFOs. This business is registered when the issuance of loans is systematic, and this activity is the main income of the company.
In addition, the official status allows you to attract investors who will at least invest 1.5 million rubles in the business (the lower limit according to the law). It will be possible to insure the risks of non-repayment of loans. And the number of those willing to borrow will increase, because legally operating firms are more trusted.

Why not create an MFI?

It will be more difficult to open a car wash than to register an MFI. The activity of such organizations is not banking in the legal sense of the word, therefore it is not required to obtain licenses and have a multibillion-dollar authorized capital. Only the reporting form is somewhat more complicated than the standard form for entrepreneurs.

As a form of organization, the legislator offers us a number of different options, but in the vast majority of MFIs, they are registered as LLCs. Therefore, the package of documents for submission to the tax office is exactly the same:

Statement;
Certificate of State Registration of a legal entity;
Constituent documents;
Decision on the establishment of the organization and on the approval of constituent documents;
Decision on approval of the management bodies of the organization;
Information about the address of the organization;
Information about the founders;
Payment of state duty;
Extract from the Register of Foreign Legal Entities, if any among the founders.

The only thing is that after registration with the Federal Tax Service, you need to send an application with copies of the above documents to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (any nearest branch) with the requirement to include your organization in the unified register of MFIs. By the way, according to the law, you must post the terms of the loan on the Internet, but it is not specified that you need to have your own website, so at first you can rent a place on some third-party resource.
To get started, rent 3-5 square meters in a shopping center (3000 - 5000 rubles in the regional center). Buy a table (from 2,000 rubles), a chair (from 700 rubles), a filing cabinet (from 3,000 rubles), an MFP (from 3,000 rubles) and bring a computer or laptop from home. As for advertising, everything is very individual, everyone has their own marketing budget. As you may have guessed, you yourself will do the work of the director, accountant and one of the employees. Since sometimes everyone needs to rest, we will hire a second worker. Qualification is not important here, you can also take a student of the 4th - 5th year of the institute, 15,000 rubles. more than satisfied. As you can see, the starting capital for arranging the point is cheap. It is better to leave all other funds for loans, but you need to allocate at least 200,000 rubles for these purposes. Then by the end of the year you can get 1 million rubles, subject to a rate of 2% per day and non-return at the level of 30%.

The auditor is coming to us.

The microfinance market is currently very poorly regulated. At the heart of 151 federal laws, there are no tough sanctions against organizations, so many honest players complain about a large number of "illegal immigrants". Although recently the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has been paying close attention to small competitors of banks. In the second and third quarters of 2014, an electronic form for receiving MFI reports (personal account on the Central Bank website) should be debugged, from July of this year, Nabiullina's subordinates will be able to limit the maximum rates on unsecured loans and borrowings. And inflated interest is the main bread of MFIs. It is also necessary to prepare a decision of the "General Meeting of Participants" (founders) for each loan equal to or more than 10% of the authorized capital.

In principle, MFIs can be audited in the same way as any other organization. That is, having found violations of fire safety rules in the company's office, the inspector can close your business.

By your own strength.

Knocking out debts is strongly associated with the "dashing nineties." But lately, the media are increasingly full of reports of criminal methods of debt settlement. Bandits again? No, this time they are legal, officially registered creditors.

Any founder of an MFI initially puts in a business plan a 10% - 15% risk of loan default, and sometimes, reducing the time for checking the debtor and increasing the speed of issuing money, and all 30%! But, you see, even having calculated such a situation, I want to return everything back. MFOs often do not have a staff of lawyers and funds for the services of collectors, and therefore they have to cope on their own. Well, what comes out of this, we see in the news.
Large networks, along with banking institutions, prefer to resolve disputes with clients in a civilized manner: from bailiffs to collectors. The latter generally redeem debts from MFIs, however, from 3% of the value of the amount of obligations. In 2013, the volume of repurchased debts increased by 66%! Given the number of delays in such firms, cooperation with collectors will only be strengthened.

High risk, high margin.

If in Moscow or St. Petersburg MFIs are not very noticeable, then in the regions they literally flooded the streets. In some cities, there are more kiosks a la “Dame money” than flower stalls! Not only the ease of registration attracts new entrepreneurs to this business, but also a lot of earnings. The average profit margin is 20%! What type of activity can still bring such income with a minimum investment? However, 10,000 rubles contributed to create an LLC is clearly not enough to start working, it takes about 500,000 rubles (according to an expert estimate of the Russian Microfinance Center). We should not forget about the high level of overdue debts of clients of such organizations.
The most important thing is to calculate in advance and understand what you have to do. According to statistics, every tenth registered MFI does not issue a single loan. A simple paperwork process ensures the entry of many inexperienced businessmen into the market, who, due to strong competition and a lack of working capital, quickly leave the microfinance sector. Some go bankrupt due to the development of an inefficient network of branches instead of one successfully operating office.

In light of the purge of the financial market and the tightening of legislation, now is not the best time to create an MFI. If you are confident in yourself and potential investors lined up, I advise you to organize a franchise business of some federal network. By the way, it is not necessary to wait for a benefactor with 1.5 million. You can create a pool of small investors who transfer funds to one of them, who will conclude a loan agreement. Even better, if he is an individual entrepreneur, then, being on the “simplified”, not 13% (income), but 6% will have to be deducted from interest. Try it, do not be afraid to take risks, because moneylenders lived richly at all times.

How to open a microloan company and earn huge money at crazy interest rates? Most people think that it is very easy to do this, but this is an erroneous idea that has nothing to do with reality. Starting your own microloan business from scratch is a very expensive and dubious “pleasure”.

How to open a microloan business? What is the money being made here? Where to begin? What do you need to open? Where and how to register? Or maybe it is better to open a franchise business? Answers to the most popular questions of readers in this article.

Business - microloans up to the salary of the population

The essence of this business model is to lend own or borrowed funds at interest. The principal income consists of the interest for the use of borrowed funds, which is charged on the principal amount of the debt and is paid by the borrower on the maturity date.

It is most advantageous to issue short-term payday loans. For them, the average interest rate is 2% per day, and for long-term microloans - 0.5-1% per day. By issuing a microloan for a short period, the money can be quickly returned and used to issue a new loan to another client. Thus, increasing the yield compared to the provision of long-term loans.

If we imagine that the average MFI in a small town issues 15 microloans per day in the amount of 5,000 rubles for 10 days, then the net income of the organization per day will be 1,500 rubles, for 10 days - 15,000 rubles, for 30 days - 45,000 rubles. And these are the most modest estimates. In fact, even in small towns, potential borrowers regularly turn to MFIs in order to get payday loans.

How to open microloans? What do you need to open?

To open a microcredit organization from scratch, an impressive investment will be required, and the procedure for registering an MFI will take about 1-2 months. If you calculate the most budgetary option for an offline MFI in a small town on the periphery, then an approximate estimate will look like this:

Registration, state fees, specialist assistance (about 10 thousand rubles)
Office rent, minor cosmetic repairs - about 25-35 thousand rubles, subsequent rent of premises with a monthly payment. A cheaper option is to place a sales counter in a large shopping center.
The purchase of equipment (tables, chairs, PCs and accessories, printer, scanner, etc.) is about 50 thousand rubles, if you save money and take everything in good condition.
Recruitment/Salary. In order to reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible, you can get by with some consultant managers who will play the role of a cashier, security guard, security guard, and cleaner. Most often this is the case in local local MFIs. The salary in a small peripheral town will be about 12-20 thousand rubles. for everyone.
Accounting costs. You can save money here by hiring a part-time accountant and giving papers to fill out immediately before sending reports to higher authorized bodies, tax authorities, the Central Bank, etc. Such a one-time work of an accountant will cost about 4-8 thousand monthly.
Everyday expenses. In addition to the main costs, the business owner is waiting for small, but very important monthly payments. This is the payment of bills for the Internet and telephone communications (cellular and landline). This will take an average of 1000-1500 rubles per month. Buying office supplies, refilling printer cartridges, etc. Depending on the conditions of the lease of the premises, there may be costs for electricity and water. Do not forget about the services of a printing house (business cards, various letterheads, etc.). In general, another 3-5 thousand rubles will be spent on monthly needs.
A very important factor is the verification of the borrower. Depending on the budget, the owner can use different verification methods:

Scoring is the most expensive option. You need to buy a licensed program and pay a lot of money for it.
Requests to BKI and calls to contact persons. You can connect batch (wholesale) requests, or single ones. In the first case, the cost of the request varies from 150-200 rubles. and higher. In the second, the minimum is 250-300 rubles.
Free inquiry to the FSSP database and calls to contact persons. A free and most dangerous verification method for MFIs, which increases the percentage of loans issued to fraudsters and large debtors.

As a result, it turns out that the opening of the most budgetary microfinance organization in a small town on the periphery will cost the owner 125-135 thousand rubles. The amount is small, but it is formed without taking into account the creation and support of the site, without advertising, hotline operators, a scoring system for checking a client or paid requests to the CBI, security service, cashier, etc. With these components, the creation of an MFI would cost at least 3-4 times more than the minimum estimate.

Where and how to register?

The process of registration and obtaining the status of an MCC (microcredit organization) is a painstaking and lengthy task that requires money, time and effort. First of all, the owner of the future business needs to draw up all the regulatory documents (charters, rules for granting, general terms of service, etc.) Documents must be developed in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and special federal laws (No. 151, 152, 230, 115, etc.). e.)

Then you need to decide on the legal form: LLC, JSC, etc. and register a legal entity with the tax office by paying a state duty (4,000 rubles). The list of required documents can be clarified at any branch of the Federal Tax Service. The registration procedure is standard, it takes 5 days, after which you can go for a certificate and other documents.

Next, you need to order a print and open a bank account. To do this, you need to choose a suitable credit institution, familiarize yourself with the list of all necessary documents for opening a current account by legal entities. In about 2-5 days, the account will be opened.

After that, you need to send a state duty to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the amount of 1000 rubles from this organization’s current account. The state duty is paid for entering information about the legal entity in the state register of microcredit organizations. In the purpose of payment, you need to write exactly that.

When the state duty is paid, you need to send a package of documents along with a receipt for payment of the fee to the Central Bank in order to obtain the status of an MCC and be included in the list of financial market participants (register of MFIs). Within a 14-day period, the Financial Markets Service of the Central Bank must make a decision on entering the organization into the register or on refusal.
As soon as information about the organization is added to the registry, it will be able to provide microloans in cash at offices and points of sale.

Microloan franchises: which are there, which one to choose?

If your own strength is not enough to create an MFI from scratch, and the idea of earning your first million precisely by providing microloans does not leave you, then it is better to turn your attention to microloan franchises.

An alternative option for opening a point of microloans would be a franchise of a microfinance organization. This is a great option for beginner businessmen with a lack of experience and a great desire to do this particular business.

A microloan franchise is the right to use the intellectual property (brand, logo, details, documents, conditions, etc.) of a large microfinance organization as a “little brother”. A start-up entrepreneur pays money to the owner of a large MFI for the right to open a microloan center that will operate under the brand name of the "parent" organization. At the same time, the deal provides that the franchisee will comply with the charter and all regulatory documents of the franchisor.

Among the microfinance organizations that offer a franchise are: Money for You, Money to Payday, Momento Money, Miladenezhka, FastFinance, Convenient Money, Master Money, Migom Money and others.

Based on the franchise conditions and customer reviews, the FastMoney and Moneyman MFI franchises get very decent ratings. Money before payday and Momento Money were in the anti-TOP.

5 reasons to franchise

If you do not have enough experience and money, you do not know how to open a microloan business from scratch, then it is better to use a franchise. And that's why:

Opening your own MFI has become very difficult and costly, and maintaining it is even more difficult (document flow, reporting, Central Bank audits, etc.)
The assessment of the borrower will be carried out by the head office of the organization. No need to spend extra money on requests to BKI, calls to contacts, etc. It is possible that the franchisor has its own software or scoring program that additional franchised offices can use.
The parent organization undertakes accounting and legal services. The franchisee saves on an accountant, security service, lawyer, etc.
Recognizable and promoted brand, assistance in advertising. The owner of a new business needs to promote everything from scratch, here you can use everything ready (layouts, training videos, a call center with free customer support, instructions for promoting on the Internet, via SMS, a guide on how to open a microloan center, etc. )
Not a single collection organization, after the law “On Collectors” (FZ-No. 230) comes into force, will work with small MFIs that issue loans in only one settlement on the periphery. If you work with the franchisor, then access to the KA with which the "big brother" cooperates will be opened.

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