When the first issue of the newspaper was released true. The story of the newspaper is true. The Great Patriotic War

Chief Editor:

KOMOTSKY Boris Olegovich

Editorial team:

V.P. VISHNYAKOV (executive secretary);

N.M. KOZHANOV;

V.S. KOZHEMYAKO;

T.N. SMIRNOVA.

From the history of the newspaper Pravda

The decision to create a newspaper was made by the delegates of the VI All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP on the initiative of V.I. Lenin. For many years, he, as the party leader, was the ideological inspirer and constant author of Pravda. Thanks to Vladimir Ilyich, she became a real collective propagandist and organizer of the working people of Russia. The newspaper discussed the most important problems of workers' life, inspired them to strike and political protests, led open discussions about the role of the proletariat and peasantry in the upcoming reorganization of society, and was for readers a school of Marxist theory and practice. “By setting up a daily working newspaper,” wrote V.I. Lenin, the St. Petersburg workers accomplished a major, without exaggeration, historical work ... The creation of Pravda remains outstanding evidence of the consciousness, energy and solidarity of the Russian workers. ”

Publishing Pravda began in St. Petersburg. It was here that her first issue came out. The newspaper of the Bolshevik Party immediately began to experience persecution from the tsarist regime. Already in early July 1914 it was closed. Subsequently, its publication under its original name was resumed after the February Revolution. Between 1912 and 1914, the newspaper, regularly banned by censorship, was published under various names: “Working Truth”, “Northern Truth”, “Truth of Labor”, “For Truth”, “Way of Truth”, “Proletarian Truth” and others. The members of the editorial offices of these newspapers were I.V. Stalin, V.M. Molotov, M.S. Olminsky, K.S. Eremeev, F.F. Raskolnikov, V.V. Thieves, M.I. Ulyanova, A.V. Lunacharsky. The ideological leadership of the newspaper was carried out by V.I. Lenin, interacting with the editors from exile.

Pravda persistently exposed feudal capitalist oppression and fought for the liberation of the people of labor from poverty and lawlessness. The newspaper quickly gained recognition from the revolutionary workers. On their voluntary contributions and its publication was carried out. Representatives of working groups were active employees, correspondents and distributors of the newspaper. Thanks to mass support, Pravda came out in a large print run for that time. The average circulation of one issue was 40 thousand copies, and in some months reached 60 thousand.

Pravda played a special role in propagating Bolshevik ideas during the preparation of the Great October Socialist Revolution. From March 5 (18) to July 5 (18), 1917 alone, 99 issues of the newspaper were published with a total circulation of about 8 million copies. Her daily circulation in this period was already 85-100 thousand. Pravda was a truly national newspaper. In March 1917 alone, about 16 thousand rubles were collected in her fund by Russian workers. It was on them that the Trud printing house, which printed the newspaper, was purchased.

At the time of the July crisis, on the orders of the bourgeois Provisional Government, Pravda was defeated, and the printing house was arrested. But the newspaper was able to continue the struggle.

After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Pravda rightfully began to be considered the country's main newspaper. Its pages captured the rich history of our socialist homeland, great victories and difficulties in building a new society. Lenin's Pravda played a huge role in strengthening the party’s ranks and expanding its ties with the masses at all stages of the heroic biography of the Land of Soviets.

During the Civil War, Pravda became a mouthpiece mobilizing the forces of the revolution to fight foreign intervention. When victory was achieved, the main attention of the newspaper focused on issues of economic construction, on the implementation of NEP, the fight against illiteracy, the implementation of the GOELRO plan, industrialization and collectivization of the national economy.

Everywhere and everywhere, Pravda's journalists, its workers and peasants' correspondents were in the thick of things. From Moscow to the outskirts, they conveyed information about the successes of the Soviet regime, informed the world about the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and Magnitogorsk, the Stalingrad Tractor and Gorky Automobile Plants, the long-distance flights of our heroic pilots and world records of drummers-Stakhanovites, about the achievements of our science and technology. The visiting editorial offices of the newspaper worked at the largest construction sites. Pravda did a great job of developing socialist competition, propaganda of strikers, and educating the working people of a communist attitude to work. Fascinated by creation, the USSR persistently pursued a peaceful foreign policy. Pravda contributed in every way to this by propagating the approaches of the Soviet state, exposing the aggressive policies of imperialist circles.

In the difficult year of the treacherous attack of Nazi fascism on our Soviet Motherland, Pravda was next to every soldier and commander, worker and collective farmer, to every communist and Komsomol member, inspiring confidence in our inevitable Victory over the enemy. Party slogan “Everything for the front, everything for the victory!” formed the basis of the daily activities of the newspaper. The best of the best writers and poets were the authors of Pravda of the war era. Among them - M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, V. Vishnevsky, B. Gorbatov, M. Isakovsky, L. Leonov, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, B. Polevoy, S. Sergeev-Tsensky and others. Many of the newspaper’s war correspondents laid their heads in a fierce struggle for our country, for our people.

Already in the most difficult first years of the war, as a result of inhuman efforts, a single, coherent and rapidly growing war economy was created. By the beginning of 1943, it made it possible to eliminate the superiority of the enemy in technology and achieve a radical change during the war. Pravda rendered enormous help to the party in mobilizing the masses to help the front and defeat the enemy.

After the May fireworks of 1945, the winners, together with Pravda, restored our ruined cities and villages, factories and factories, schools and palaces of culture from ruins. Having revived the national economy of the country, they continued constructive construction - they raised virgin lands, conquered the mighty Siberian rivers, brought the space age of humanity closer. From the pages of the central organ of the CPSU, millions of Soviet citizens learned about our victories on the labor front, about the flight of the first Soviet Earth satellite and the space launch of Yuri Gagarin, about the conquest of the North Pole by the Arktika nuclear submarine and the strike Komsomol construction sites.

For many decades of Russian and Soviet history, Pravda has become a heroic chronicle of our people. Step by step, day after day, it contained the experience of millions of Soviet people. The country worthily noted this labor feat of many generations of journalists, editors, proofreaders, photojournalists, rabelselkors, all those who wore and still have the proud title of Pravdist. The newspaper’s contribution to the cause of socialist construction was appreciated by the highest awards of the Soviet state: two Orders of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. Many of those who wrote the history of the Great Socialist Epoch have glorified their names thanks to the authority of Pravda. They became known to the whole world, to which the newspaper opened a wide picture of the achievements of our heroic people.

During the period of the destruction of the Soviet Union, Pravda was one of the first to take the blow of the “reformers”. They tried to shut down the newspaper, redirect it to the needs of the "democratizers", and force them to abandon their principles. But Lenin's Pravda, its journalistic team did not flinch, withstood bullying and persecution, did not succumb to the promises of local and foreign mediators. Pravdists had to go through dozens of court hearings in order to defend the right to continue to carry the Word of Truth to people in order to regain the status of the main newspaper of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

Throughout his biography, Pravda is not a simple narrator about the great and dramatic events in the country and the world. She acts as their active participant, the creator of history. The newspaper today bears socialist ideals among the masses, defends the interests of working people, and fights for the establishment of genuine democracy. She continues to maintain an inextricable connection with the fate of the people of the great country and its Communist Party. Pravda serves as the main tribune of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, publishes the main documents of the party, clarifies its position on pressing issues of our time, and organizes the masses to fight for a better life. Together with other national patriotic publications, together with our regional newspapers, Pravda is still in the forefront of the fighters for the power of the working people.

The story of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The Sixth All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP (B.), At the initiative of V. I. Lenin, decided to publish a mass working Bolshevik daily newspaper, and on April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of Pravda was published.

Hence the name of the Bolsheviks of that time - "Pravdists." With the help of this newspaper, it was supposed to distract the working reader from the tabloid press and, under the slogan "unity from below," ensure their influence in social-democratic organizations.

The working class animatedly supported the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such a newspaper. An inflow of cash from workers began.

The creator of the newspaper was V.I. Lenin. He directed the work of the publication from abroad. Until December 1912, the official publisher of the newspaper was N. G. Poletaev, then A. E. Badayev. The literary department in 1912-1914 was headed by Maxim Gorky. The editorial secretary was V.M. Molotov. I. Stalin was the organizer and leader of Pravda in the years 1912-1914 and in 1917, when Pravda played a role in the preparation of the armed uprising.

The newspaper was repeatedly closed, but continued to appear under other names: in 1913 - “Working Truth”, “Northern Truth”, “Proletarian Truth”, “Labor Truth”. Before the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, the newspaper was finally banned. In 1917, the release of Pravda was resumed. And after the October Revolution in 1917, Pravda received the status of an organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP.

Already at the end of 1912, Vladimir Ilyich wrote about the creation of Pravda as the most important event in history: “By setting up a daily working newspaper, the St. Petersburg workers accomplished a major, without exaggeration, historical work ... The creation of Pravda is an outstanding proof of consciousness, energy and the cohesion of the Russian workers. ”

April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of the first legal daily work newspaper in Russia, created on the initiative, was published in St. PetersburgV.I. Lenin - "Truth". The newspaper began to be published by the decision of the 6th All-Russian (Prague) ConferenceRSDLPheld in January 1912 in response to the workers' desire to have their own daily newspaper.

The actual editor and leader of Pravda was V. I. Lenin. He determined its direction, took care of the selection of the editorial staff and the team of authors, developed the structure of the newspaper. The publishers of Pravda and its active employees were the Bolsheviks - deputies of the 4th State Duma: A. E. Badayev, M. K. Muranov, G. I. Petrovsky, F. N. Samoilov, N. R. Shagov.

The newspaper’s goal was to “illuminate the path of the Russian labor movement with the light of international social democracy, sow truth among the workers about the friends and enemies of the working class, and guard the interests of the working cause ...”.

Pravda was published with funds from voluntary contributions from workers, many of which were active employees, correspondents, and distributors. Thanks to their massive support, the newspaper was published in a large circulation at that time - an average of 40 thousand copies, and in some months up to 60 thousand copies daily.

In the years 1912-1914. Pravda published correspondence on the progress of the proletarian struggle in various cities of the country, letters on working and living conditions of workers, and materials on the life of the village. The newspaper wrote about the need to confiscate all landlords' lands in favor of the peasants, called on all layers of the working people, led by the working class, to fight the autocracy, against social and national oppression.

Pravda was subjected to constant police harassment. For two years the newspaper was closed eight times, but continued to appear under other names: “Rabochaya Pravda”, “Severnaya Pravda”, “Pravda Truda”, etc. 8(July 21), 1914 the newspaper was closed, its publication resumed 5(March 18, 1917) The Provisional Government continued its policy of harassing the newspaper, it was again forced to change the names: “Leaflet of Truth”, “Proletarian”, “Worker”, “Work Path”.

From October 27 (November 9), 1917, the Central Organ of the Bolshevik Party began to come out under its former name. Pravda promoted the strategy and tactics of the Bolshevik party, conducted a great ideological and educational work, published the most important documents and materials of the party, the work of Lenin.

With the liquidation of the non-communist press in 1918, Pravda became the main newspaper in the country. On its pages the most acute, topical issues of state policy and public life have always been discussed.

In 1922, to mark the day of the first issue of the newspaper PravdaX The congress of the RCP (B.) adopted a resolution on the celebration of Press Day on May 5.

In 1945, the newspaper was awardedOrder of Lenin for outstanding achievements in mobilizing the Soviet people to build a socialist society and defend their homeland during the Great Patriotic War. The 50th and 60th anniversaries of Pravda were marked by the presentation of the second Order of Lenin andOrder of the October Revolution .

In 1975, the newspaper was published in a total single circulation of 10.6 million copies, and was printed simultaneously in 42 cities from the bands received via photo-telegraphy channels or from matrices delivered by air; the newspaper was written out in more than 120 foreign countries.

In the early 1990s Pravda suspended and resumed its releases several times.

Since April 1997, the newspaper began to appear as an organ of the Communist Party, which was confirmed by a special resolution of the Fourth Congress of the Communist Party.

Lit .: Printing Day // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M., T.8. 1972; The daily work newspaper Pravda. April 22 (May 5), 1912 No.1; The same [Electronic resource].URL: http: // oldgazette. com / pravda / 05051912 / index1. html; Andronov S.A., Tsukasov S. B. Pravda // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M.,T. 20. 1975.

Previously, the daily newspaper of the Communist Party (RSDLP (b), RCP (b), CPSU (b), CPSU). Founded by V.I. Lenin. It was the most popular and popular Soviet newspaper. It comes out three times a week. Circulation in June 2009 - 100 300 copies.

Story

Before the revolution

The first issue of the newspaper Pravda

Pravda began to be published by decision of the 6th All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP (January 1912) in response to the workers' desire to have their own daily newspaper. No. 1 of Pravda was published in St. Petersburg on April 22 (May 5) 1912, from April 22 (May 5) 1914 was celebrated on this day as a holiday of the working press, and since 1922 annually as Press Day. Pravda was a mass, daily, legal workers' newspaper, the de facto organ of the Bolshevik Party (the central organ in 1908-17 was a newspaper published abroad and distributed illegally in Russia). When creating Pravda, the party relied on the experience of many illegal and legal newspapers - and others. He was the actual editor and head of the newspaper. He determined its direction, took care of the selection of the editorial staff and the team of authors, developed the structure of the newspaper. On the pages of Pravda only in 1912-14 about 300 works of Lenin were published. The publishers of Pravda and its active employees were the Bolsheviks - deputies of the 4th State Duma: A. E. Badayev, M. K. Muranov, G. I. Petrovsky, F. N. Samoilov, N. R. Shagov. Among the organizers, editors and employees of Pravda were N. N. Baturin, A. S. Bubnov, A. I. Vinokurov, S. S. Danilov, M. E. Egorov, K. S. Eremeev, B. I Ivanov, M. I. Kalinin, E. I. Quiring, N. K. Krupskaya, N. V. Krylenko, S. V. Malyshev, L. R. Menzhinskaya, V. R. Menzhinsky, L. M. Mikhailov , V. M. Molotov, S. M. Nakhimson, V. I. Nevsky, D. Ya. Odintsov, M. S. Olminsky, N. I. Podvoisky, N. G. Poletaev, E. F. Rozmirovich, M A. Saveliev, K. N. Samoilova, Y. M. Sverdlov, N. A. Skrypnik, P. I. Stuchka, A. I. Ulyanova-Elizarova, G. L. Shidlovsky,. From abroad, A. M. Kollontai, I. F. Armand, F. A. Artem (Sergeev), L. N. Steel, Yu. M. Steklov regularly wrote in Pravda. The permanent employee of Pravda, her poet was D. Poor. The literary department of the newspaper in 1912-14 was led by M. Gorky.

Pravda was published with funds from voluntary contributions from workers, many of which were active employees, correspondents, and distributors. More than 16 thousand working correspondence was published in Pravda in 1912-14. The newspaper came out with an average circulation of 40 thousand, and in some months up to 60 thousand copies. daily.

Photo logos of newspapers under the names of which the newspaper Pravda was published.

In 1912-14, Pravda played a large role in propaganda of Bolshevik slogans and tactics of combining illegal and legal forms of party work among the masses, in the struggle against the Menshevik liquidators, Trotskyists and other opportunists, in organizational unity and political education of the working class. Pravda published correspondence on the progress of the proletarian struggle in various cities of the country and the so-called factory exposures - letters on working and living conditions of workers. All this contributed to the development of the mass proletarian movement. Pravda published materials about the life of the countryside, wrote about the need to confiscate all landlords' lands in favor of the peasants, called on all layers of the working people, led by the working class, to fight against the autocracy, against social and national oppression.

Supervisory bodies of the CPSU

Republican parties

V.I. Lenin reads the newspaper Pravda

After the overthrow of tsarism, Pravda began to appear on March 5 (18), 1917, as an organ of the Central Committee and the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP (b). Upon his return from abroad from April 5 (18), 1917, Lenin joined the editorial board. In March - July 1917, the editors of Pravda at different times included Yeremeyev, Kalinin, Muranov, Olminsky, Stalin, and others. The editorial secretary was M. I. Ulyanova. The newspaper propagandized the strategy and tactics of the Bolshevik party, carried on a great ideological and educational work, consistently revealed the anti-people essence of the bourgeois Provisional Government, exposed the opportunism of the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, mobilized the masses to prepare and carry out the socialist revolution. Pravda published the most important documents and materials of the party, the works of Lenin (from March to October 25, 1917 - 207 of his works). The circulation reached 85-90 thousand copies. On July 5 (18), 1917, the editorial board was defeated by the junkers, in July - October, Pravda, pursued by the bourgeois Provisional Government, came out under the title "Pravda Leaflet", "Worker and Soldier", "Proletarian", "Worker", "The working path." From October 27 (November 9), 1917, the newspaper again began to appear under the name "Pravda" as the central organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b). Since March 16, 1918, Pravda has been published in Moscow.

After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Pravda published the most important decisions of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, reports and articles of Lenin that defined the tasks of building the world's first socialist state (from October 25 (November 7) 1917 to mid-January 1923 - 345 Lenin works).

Civil War

During the Civil War of 1918–20, the main task of Pravda was to mobilize the masses to fight the combined forces of international and domestic counter-revolution, and after the end of the war, to fight economic ruin, to restore industry and agriculture. At all stages of the development of Soviet society, Pravda was the party’s weapon in the struggle for the implementation of its strategic, tactical and organizational tasks, for the purity of Marxist-Leninist teachings, for the implementation of plans for economic construction, and the raising of the material and cultural level of workers.

In the 30s of the XX century

In the years of the pre-war five-year plans (1929–40), Pravda conducted a great deal of organizational work to develop socialist competition, propaganda of the shock movement, the Stakhanov movement, and educate the working people of a communist attitude to work. The visiting editorial staff of Pravda worked at the largest construction sites (the Stalingrad Tractor and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Dneproges and others). Outstanding contribution “Pravda” made during the years of collectivization of agriculture in the struggle to strengthen collective farms, MTS and state farms. Pravda promoted the great principles of owls. democracy, involving all the working people in governing the country. Pravda played a significant role in the implementation of the cultural revolution in the USSR, systematically covering the development of public education, literature and art, publishing the best works of Soviet writers. On the pages of Pravda prominent Soviet scholars — I.V. Michurin, S. I. Vavilov, O. Yu. Schmidt, D. N. Pryanishnikov, I. M. Gubkin, writers and poets — M. Gorky, V. V. Mayakovsky, M, A. Sholokhov, A. A. Fadeev, A. S. Serafimovich, V. V. Vishnevsky, A. A. Surkov, regularly published essays and feuilleton by A. I. Kolosov, M. E. Koltsova , D.I. Zaslavsky. Paying the main attention to the issues of economic construction, Pravda at the same time called for strengthening the defense capability of the USSR, instilled patriotism and proletarian internationalism among Soviet people, high political vigilance, exposed fascism, and waged a struggle against imperialist arsonists of the war.

The Great Patriotic War

The text of the speech of I.V. Stalin about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, published in the newspaper "Pravda"

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, Pravda was a fiery agitator and organizer of a nationwide struggle against fascist aggressors. Through Pravda, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks addressed the people and the army, setting before them urgent tasks related to the war. The newspaper brought to the consciousness of the masses the Leninist ideas about the defense of the socialist Fatherland, party slogans, published speeches by party leaders and the Soviet government, Soviet military leaders. On the pages of Pravda the oldest party leaders — V. A. Karpinsky, F. Ya. Kon, G. M. Krzhizhanovsky, D, Z. Manuilsky, N. A. Semashko, E. D. Stasova, E. M. Yaroslavsky, prominent figures in the international communist and labor movement - G., C. Gottwald, D. Ibarruri, V. Peak, P. Tolyatti, M. Torez, V. Ulbricht. Pravda published the Sovinformburo reports, materials on international and domestic events, essays on the heroism of soldiers and partisans, labor exploits of workers and collective farmers, on the patriotic actions of Soviet people, documents on the atrocities of the Nazis. The circulation of Pravda was increased one and a half times; off-site newspaper editions worked at a number of defense plants; dozens of its employees were at the front as special correspondents - P. A. Lidov, V. M. Kozhevnikov, B. N. Polevoy, S. A. Borzenko. Soviet writers — A. N. Tolstoy, M. A. Sholokhov, K. A. Fedin, A. A, Fadeev, V. P. Stavsky, K. M. Simonov, made essays and literary works in Pravda. E. Korneychuk, B. L. Gorbatov, A. T. Tvardovsky, S. Ya. Marshak, I. G. Erenburg, with political caricature - Kukryniksy (M. V. Kupriyanov, P. N. Krylov, N. A Sokolov), B. E. Efimov.

Post-war years

The newspaper "Pravda" in the 70s of the XX century.

After the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, Pravda widely covered the struggle of the Soviet people for the restoration and further development of the national economy. A large place in the newspaper was devoted to the formation of the world socialist system, the national liberation movement, and the peaceful foreign policy of the USSR. On the pages of Pravda, appearances of famous peace activists — F. Joliot-Curie, J. Bernal, A. Zegers, P. Robson, P. Neruda, N. S. Tikhonov, and others — were published. Pravda carried out extensive work on propaganda. The program of the CPSU adopted by the 22nd Party Congress (1961). Almost 16 thousand readers of the newspaper participated in the discussion of the draft new Program and the Charter of the CPSU; a number of special issues of Pravda was devoted to the disclosure of certain provisions of the CPSU Program.

Date of publication: 06/14/2019

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