Who are entrepreneurs? Who can be called an entrepreneur specific examples

People, especially independent people, have never been attracted to work as an employee. Such citizens will not sit in the office until late or plow in a factory in two shifts. Most likely, they will start their own business, become entrepreneurs.

But who is an entrepreneur? Some citizens are often confused about this concept and cannot give a clear answer.

Entrepreneur concept

So, in modern society the concept of "entrepreneur" has the following definition - a subject who is engaged in entrepreneurial activity. This answer can be heard in nine out of ten cases. At the same time, many do not even think about what exactly is meant by entrepreneurial activity.

Entrepreneurial activity is a type of economic activity carried out at one's own risk and aimed at obtaining benefits from the sale of products, the provision of services or the performance of work.

In other words, entrepreneurship means the implementation of activities (providing specialized advice, performing specific types of work, selling goods) in a specific area (financial, medical, socio-cultural). And all this is done with only one purpose - to receive money.

Based on the above, you can give a more accurate answer to the question of who an entrepreneur is. This is an entity that, at its own risk, engages in economic activities with the aim of making a profit from the sale of a product, the provision of a service or the performance of work.

Who is an entrepreneur?

If you read the concept without thinking about the meaning, you can erroneously assume that any citizen who carries out any activity gets money for it, and there is an entrepreneur. But this is not the case. Carrying out economic activity is not yet a reason to call a person an entrepreneur. After all, in this case, you can call this and Uncle Petya from the next entrance, who in his free time helps friends with cargo transportation.

The essence of an entrepreneur is to:

manage an enterprise or organization, form initial capital;
use the received profit at its own discretion and make various decisions to increase or invest it;
be fully responsible for the decisions made on doing business and be prepared for further consequences.

The above are only the main features that are characteristic of an entrepreneur. But, for example, private entrepreneurship has its own interesting nuances.

Private entrepreneur concept

Such a concept as "private entrepreneur" has long gone out of use. Today they say "an individual entrepreneur" - a subject that has necessarily passed state registration to carry out certain activities without the preliminary formation of a legal entity. That is, a person who has the right to entrepreneurial activity on a legal basis, but has not registered a legal entity.

Obtain the rights of an entrepreneur, in accordance with Art. 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every adult and capable citizen of the country can. Only in some cases established by law are minors entitled to register an individual entrepreneur.

It is noteworthy that a municipal employee or an employee of a state enterprise cannot register as an individual entrepreneur. Although in modern society this is more of a formality than a rule.

Who is an individual entrepreneur?

Many who have read about who an entrepreneur is will immediately answer that such a person is engaged in entrepreneurship. This is true. But it is necessary to supplement the proposal with the fact that a person is engaged in entrepreneurship within the framework of the laws and norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the violation of which carries criminal or administrative responsibility.

It is also necessary to understand that an individual entrepreneur is not a profession or a position, but a special legal status. Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be any clear obligations in this regard, placed in legislative acts. But still, there are some unspoken concepts about what such a person does.

Entrepreneur activities

The main activities of an entrepreneur are as follows:

registration of legal status and obtaining permission for a specific type of activity;
conducting tax, accounting and other financial statements, timely payment of taxes;
provision of goods, services or performance of work in accordance with the concluded agreement with suppliers, investors, customers, etc.;
providing comfortable and safe working conditions for employees (if any);
payment of wages to employees (if any).

In other words, the entrepreneur is obliged to monitor the performance of certain tasks that are necessary to obtain further profit. How this goal will be achieved, independently or with the help of hired workers, depends on the decisions of the business entity itself.

How to Become an Entrepreneur?

Having figured out who an entrepreneur is and what he does, many also want to get the status of an individual entrepreneur. After all, being an entrepreneur, you can not obey anyone and work for yourself. But at the same time, some people do not even suspect what is needed for this.

And to become an individual entrepreneur, you will have to:

choose a suitable field of activity;
choose one taxation system from the two existing ones (general or simplified);
prepare documents for state registration;
pay the mandatory fees and receive a receipt for payment;
go to the tax office at the place of residence and submit the prepared documents along with the check;
obtain a registration certificate.

You can do everything that is indicated above on your own or with the help of lawyers. For example, many newbies prefer to go to experienced professionals who can handle the formalities rather than doing it alone. This method is much more expensive, but more efficient and faster.

In modern educational institutions, the concept of "entrepreneur" is defined as follows: an economic entity that organizes activities for the production of products or the provision of services. For implementation, he uses his own or borrowed funds, the main goal of such a person is to make a profit.

An entrepreneur is distinguished by the following features:
- He takes part in the management of the enterprise and the formation of the initial capital;
- The entrepreneur reserves the right to use and distribute the received profit, and also makes various decisions, for example, chooses the optimal development strategy;
- The entrepreneur is financially responsible for the results of his activities and the work of the enterprise.

These signs are typical for the sphere of state entrepreneurship, private entrepreneurship has its own characteristics.

Individual entrepreneur

The term “private entrepreneur” is outdated, now the term “individual entrepreneur” is used. It is given the following definition: an individual who carries out certain activities without forming a legal entity. An individual entrepreneur undergoes state registration in the manner prescribed by law. All adults and capable citizens can carry out entrepreneurial activities, in exceptional cases, this right is granted to minors. Employees of municipal and state enterprises cannot become individual entrepreneurs.

Who is an entrepreneur

Any person who runs his own business or business with the aim of obtaining profit is an entrepreneur. He does not need to undergo state registration. Carrying out entrepreneurial activity is a sufficient reason to call a person an entrepreneur. He can run his own business (business) or help other entrepreneurs in setting up their businesses.

Any business activity is regulated by law. If a person is engaged in such activities, but does not have the right to do so under the current legislation, he can be prosecuted.

The right to entrepreneurship is protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Almost everyone is free to dispose of their funds and property freely, as well as to carry out any activity of an economic nature. Therefore, any citizen periodically engaged in the resale of goods or other business activities can be called an entrepreneur.

A good example is the merchants in pre-revolutionary Russia. According to the then trade legislation, they were called entrepreneurs. A merchant is a person who is engaged in the production of commercial transactions on his own behalf.

Not all countries have the concept of “entrepreneur”. The legislation of some states provides for the use of such a status as “merchant”. This is a person who makes transactions or other economic acts on his own behalf. The difference between an entrepreneur and a merchant lies only in the name, the essence of both concepts is the same.

Another, unofficial definition of the concept of “entrepreneur” can be given: a strong-willed, independent person with original ideas and a huge “reserve” of enthusiasm. Even if you are a fruit dealer, you can be called an entrepreneur.

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

The term "entrepreneur" was coined by the French economist Richard Cantillon, who lived in the early 18th century. And since then, this word means a person who takes the risk associated with the organization of a new enterprise or with the development of a new idea, new product or new type of service offered to society. It is very important to understand that the words "entrepreneur" and "manager" are not synonymous ...

Often, however, characteristics such as personal risk, reaction to financial opportunities, and the desire to work long and hard, regardless of rest, i.e. anything traditionally considered a good entrepreneur does not necessarily indicate the ability of the same person to effectively manage an organization as it grows larger. Some entrepreneurs may simply not have the ability or inclination to effectively carry out managerial functions such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling ... Therefore, it is no surprise that an outstanding entrepreneur becomes not a particularly effective manager. The organization created by the entrepreneur may even disintegrate as a result. Studies ... indicate that in practice, most new ventures in businesses fall apart, and the root cause of their collapse is poor leadership, not bad ideas. If the organization is lucky, it will have a good leader at the helm before it breaks up ...

Organizations operating in a volatile environment simply cannot wait for change and then react to it. Their leaders must think and act like entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial manager actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to drive change and improvement. Entrepreneurship is required at every level if the organization as a whole has to operate as an entrepreneur.

Large-scale entrepreneurial actions that involve significant risk to the organization require decisions that are brought up to the highest level of management. But these decisions are usually based on information and thoughts from middle managers. If middle managers are unable or unwilling to take risks with new ideas, the organization's entrepreneurial ability is severely constrained. Leaders at all levels, even junior managers, must look for opportunities to improve the performance and improve the efficiency of their organization. A craftsman who develops and implements a more efficient way of carrying out a specific operation is, in his spirit, the same entrepreneur as an enterprise manager who decides to invest $ 10 million in new product development.

Being an entrepreneur is not easy, be it your own business or working within an established company. Organizations and societies alike strive to resist change, however beneficial it may be.

(M. Mescon, M. Albert, F. Hedouri)

Using the text, explain the difference between a manager and an entrepreneur. What functions of the manager are indicated in the text? Who do the authors call an entrepreneurial manager? Based on social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the term "entrepreneurship".

Explanation.

The correct answer should contain the following elements:

1) difference:

The entrepreneur organizes the enterprise, risking his own and borrowed funds, and the manager is a hired manager;

2) manager functions:

Planning, organization, motivation and control;

3) characteristics of an enterprising manager:

He actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to drive change and improvement.

4) an explanation of the concept is given, for example:

Entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at the systematic receipt of profit from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services, which is carried out independently at its own risk by a person registered in the manner prescribed by law.

The elements of the answer can be given in other, similar formulations

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, name and illustrate with examples any two ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise.

Explanation.

The correct answer should indicate ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise and provide relevant examples, for example:

1) the introduction of new equipment and technologies (for example, the modernization of equipment in the garment industry made it possible to cut more economically and get finished products faster, that is, increased productivity);

2) changes in the conditions of remuneration of employees (for example, the insurance company, in addition to the salaries of employees, introduced a bonus part - a percentage of concluded transactions in order to increase the interest of employees in the results of work).

Other methods may be named, other examples are given

An entrepreneur is understood as a person who does his own business for profit... He can sell goods or provide services, while doing all this at his own peril and risk, within the limits of current legislation.
Boring, dry and incomprehensible, but this is a concentrate of describing who an entrepreneur is. Let's try to decipher this concept in more detail and more accessible.

Who is it?

Back in 1986, on November 19, a breakthrough occurred - the USSR Law "On Individual Labor Activity" appeared, which laid the foundation for entrepreneurship in a country where everything was based on socialist stereotypes and collectivism. When they practically did not know how to do it all.

The entrepreneurs did not have a special name, but the people called them "cooperators" because they organized cooperatives, in which they carried out their activities.

For this, it was necessary to obtain a registration certificate from the executive committee, or to issue a patent, which was issued for a period not exceeding 5 years.

On April 2, 1991, a new Law "On the General Principles of Citizens' Entrepreneurship in the USSR" came into force in the USSR, where, in fact, the first abbreviations appeared, as people engaged in entrepreneurship were called.

The most popular form of entrepreneurship was when it did not provide for the creation of a legal entity, and where the most convenient conditions at that time were declared.

This is how the name of the unincorporated legal entity or "Entrepreneur without a legal entity" appeared.

It is this name that has historically headed the list of business names.

It should be noted that at that time the following forms of entrepreneurship could be applied: with the formation of a legal entity; without forming a legal entity; with the use of hired labor; without the use of hired labor.

In 1994, in connection with the adoption of the Civil Code, Article 23 of the Code established the name of entrepreneurship as an individual entrepreneur, which began from the moment of state registration.

This is how entrepreneurs were called until 2003, until Chapter VII.1 was introduced into the Federal Law on State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, where the individual entrepreneurs were named as individual entrepreneurs.

Let us recall how the names of Soviet and Russian entrepreneurship evolved:

ETC – self-employment... This concept was first introduced in the USSR and existed from 1986 to 1991. In its essence, it fully declared only the possibility of working “for oneself”. Many did not quite understand this, but the process was started.

Unincorporated business is essentially the most difficult, long and difficult term to understand, it stands for “ An unincorporated entrepreneur". Many of the first entrepreneurs took on this newfangled status, becoming cooperators, manufacturers, in general, the first Soviet and then Russian businessmen. Entrepreneurs existed in this name from 1991 to 2003. With warmth, and at the same time with apprehension, I recall the time when everything was new, and the mentality prevailing in the country of the Soviets began to change in the direction of getting out of the crowd in order to form an independent entrepreneurial unit.

PE - self employed... As strange as it may seem, this name has never had an official status, but nevertheless it was on everyone's lips that way. Few have given entrepreneurs a long and inconvenient name.

IP - individual entrepreneur... Perhaps, comparing with the previous names, this is the most accurate and correct, reflects the very essence, and at the same time is easy to understand. This legal term was introduced in 2003 and is still relevant today.

Also, an individual entrepreneur was given a clear definition from the point of view of legislation: an individual who is registered by an authorized state body to carry out entrepreneurial activities in private without an organizational and legal form is a legal entity.

Whatever name the entrepreneurs have, but the very essence does not change, although, comparing the capabilities of a businessman from the times of the USSR or early Russia and the current one, it can be easily noted that at present there are certainly more opportunities. And names are an integral part of life, which we are accustomed to, living in the world of abbreviations, acronyms and terms.

Entrepreneurs are conventionally divided into the following categories:

Forced to engage in business due to a combination of adverse circumstances.
Volunteers who focus on independence and maximizing income.

It is believed that second representatives are better at creating a sustainable enterprise with good profit. Their expectations are initially higher, and are not designed to rapidly generate at least some income. The category of voluntary entrepreneurs includes:

Small profit business owners with non-economic goals. They are characterized by a high level of satisfaction.
Initially optimistic people who were tuned in to high profits. They maintain their initial attitude and are satisfied with less profit than expected.
Entrepreneurs who considered starting a new project as a platform for gaining new business experience. It was the pursuit of this goal that represented a significant result for them, and not the amount of income.

What does it take to become?

From a legal point of view, becoming an entrepreneur is not difficult. It will only take a week to get your hands on a document confirming the acquisition of the status of an individual entrepreneur - the USRIP record sheet (), which gives the right to be called a business entity. Everything is done in three stages:

This document was issued until December 31, 2016. From January 1, 2017, the document confirming the receipt of the status of an individual entrepreneur is the Record Sheet of the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs.

You can learn in more detail and thoroughly about all stages of preparation of documents, as well as the passage of registration stepsby this link.

This is true when it comes to an individual entrepreneur as an organizational and legal form.

But do not forget that an individual entrepreneur is still an individual, but no one bothers to register an enterprise as a legal entity, namely:

Limited Liability Company - LLC.
Public Joint Stock Company - PJSC.
Non-public joint stock company - JSC.

Before deciding for yourself which is still better: physical or legal status, look at this comparison table, which shows the plus and minuses of each of the forms.

The registration procedure is different from an individual entrepreneur, but, in fact, nothing complicated. For relatively reasonable money, any lawyer will take over this procedure completely, saving the newly-minted businessman from unnecessary bureaucratic troubles.

It is important at this stage to determine the taxation system: general, simplified, patent (only for individual entrepreneurs - individuals), UTII or ESHN.

Please pay attention, we told about all taxation systems of individual entrepreneurs on .

By default, the state inclines business entities to a common tax system. It is more beneficial for the fiscal authorities and less for entrepreneurs. When choosing a system, it is best to consult with specialists. Legal companies that provide services to businesses have relevant information on tax optimization issues. It allows you to reduce costs and increase the profit of the enterprise. It is best to deal with it at the stage of business planning.

There is form, but is there content?

The registration documents received are not yet profitable. How many proud entrepreneurs celebrated this event as something outstanding, and how many of them went to close the business entity already six months or a year later? The statistics are relentless here: almost 4 out of 5 businessmen wind down their activities in the first year.

The reason for the sad tendency is that there is form, but no content. An entrepreneur is a person whose direct boss is the need to achieve a certain goal:

Earn money.
To buy a house.
Create financial independence.
Make the world a better place.
Buy a plot on the moon.
Etc.

The initial goal can be anything. A little later, faced with the reality in business, the entrepreneur frees himself from rose-colored glasses and adjusts his original plans. It turns out that even on the Moon this site is not particularly needed, and the world will become better somehow without it.

But the main thing has changed - he himself is responsible for everything that happens around and with the entrepreneur! There is no boss you can grouse on, that pays little, makes you work a lot, and his attitude towards people is disgusting. Now you don't have to work for days at all, only where you can get your money from after that.

Registration of an enterprise imposes obligations to regularly pay:

taxes;
social contributions;
lease of premises - if any;
salaries of hired workers.

And here it will not work to come to the only employee who is on the phone, tell him that there is no income this month, he worked poorly, and will not receive any money. Labor legislation prohibits the fineing of personnel with the ruble, limiting the punishment measures to reprimand or dismissal. So close and to be in the field of sight of employees of the State Labor Inspectorate.

For reference: in 2016, based on the results of the GIT's activities (134.5 thousand inspections), 98 persons were brought to criminal responsibility, and the total amount of fines is about 4 billion rubles. The numbers may not be impressive if you do not take into account that twice as many people were sentenced as in 2015, and the amount of fines increased by half a billion while the number of checks decreased. This trend is worth considering.

After several months of such activity, thoughts involuntarily appear that the boss from the last job was not so bad, and if so much effort was put into the last position, it would have been possible to get to top managers long ago.

Marketing is our everything!

Having become an entrepreneur, you will have to learn not only (or not so much) about new terms as about their content. “Oh, this is what the boss meant when he talked about poor lead conversion.” Now many boring concepts take on a different meaning.

Attracting customers is the first thing you will have to pay close attention to. You need to think about it even before collecting documents and filling out an application for registration of an enterprise. This activity is called marketing. It is to him that an entrepreneur should pay the closest attention.

To organize the production of goods, to ensure the provision of services - all this can be done by thousands of employees. Even if these goods or services are of very high quality, you still need to be able to sell them. They are not sold by themselves.

The mistake of start-up entrepreneurs is that they are loaded with the production process. This is a necessary business, but it is better to delegate it to hired personnel. An effective entrepreneur does not invest his own forces in production itself, but above it - sales, negotiations, optimization. All this relates to creativity, for this it is better to hire a director of business development.

It's important to know! There is no clear and uniquely correct algorithm that can be used to create an effective, highly profitable business. We can only talk about the probable sequence of events.

Outsourcing and outsourcing again!

Starting your own business requires you to do a lot and quickly. Where to get the skills for this? The answer is to outsource.

Don't know how to organize security? A large number of reserve officers will readily provide reliable physical protection for any enterprise. Need a website (we have a separate one about "personal site for ip")but don't understand anything about the code? Freelancer Ivanov will make and set up a high-quality website for several thousand rubles, freelancer Petrov for the same money will compose the semantic core, and freelancer Sidorov will fill it with a dozen articles.

An entrepreneur's time is very expensive to set up sewing machines, discuss wallpapering technology with builders, or talk to a trainer about training programs in the fitness room next week.

Summing up, we can summarize: an entrepreneur is a creative person who implements ideas at his own peril and risk in order to make a profit. Want to lay the tiles yourself? Please, and this approach is allowed. But isn't it more efficient to start looking for new customers and negotiating with them? Have you decided to engage in sales without registering an individual entrepreneur or LLC? Well, try it. Only are risks in violation of the law necessary?

Entrepreneurship provides great opportunities for personal development, especially if it is combined with what you love. Therefore, it is very difficult to call businessmen who have achieved success on their own as limited people. The main thing is that the entrepreneur is responsible for everything that happens to him. Consider this!

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