GOST 16504 81 testing and quality control. Introduced by the USSR State Committee for Standards

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
SYSTEM OF STATE TESTING OF PRODUCTS
TESTING AND CONTROL
PRODUCT QUALITY
BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
GOST 16504-81
USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow
DEVELOPED by the USSR State Committee for Standards
PERFORMERS
L. M. Zaks, G. K. Martynov (theme leaders), G. V. Anisimova, V. P.
Belyavtsev, Yu. S. Veniaminov, G. A. Gukasyan, M. G. Dolinskaya, V. D. Dudko, L. I.
Zavalko, A. A. Zenkov, M. G. Iofin, V. V. Kreshchuk, E. N. Leonova, O. G.
Lositsky, A. E. Manokhin, M. M. Manzon, V. V. Melentiev, V. P. Nikiforov, V. A.
Novikova, E. V. Nikitina, A. G. Osetrov, V. A. Pavlov, O. F. Poslavsky, V. I.
Pereponov, V. I. Pronenko, V. N. Smirnov, N. K. Sukhov. V. G. Stepanov, E. I.
Taver, A. L. Terkel, R. V. Utkina, N. M. Fedotov, I. A. Khalap, S. S. Chernyshev,
V. N. Chupyrin, V. I. Churilov, N. G. Sherstyukov, E. P. Schmidt, E. S. Ehrenburg.
INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards
Head of the Department for Attestation and State Product Testing
M. A. Ushakov
APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for
standards of December 8, 1981 No. 5297
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
State product testing system
TESTING AND PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
Basic terms and definitions
The state system of testing products. product test and
quality inspection. General terms and definitions
GOST
16504-81
Instead
GOST 16504-74
Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 8, 1981
No. 5297 the deadline for introduction is set
from 01.01.1982
This International Standard specifies the principles applicable in science, technology and industry.
terms and definitions of basic concepts in the field of testing and quality control
products.
The terms established by this standard are mandatory for use in
documentation of all kinds, scientific and technical, educational and reference literature.
There is one standardized term for each concept. Application
synonymous terms of the standardized term is prohibited.
Unacceptable synonymous terms are given in the standard as
reference and are marked with the mark "Ndp".
In cases where the necessary and sufficient features of concepts are contained in
the literal meaning of the term, the definition is not given, and, accordingly, in
the column "Definition" is marked with a dash.
For individual standardized terms in the standard are given as
reference short forms that are allowed to be used if the possibility of their
different interpretation is excluded.
Standardized terms are printed in bold, the short form is
light, invalid - in italics.
In the standard, as a reference, foreign equivalents are given for a number of
standardized terms in English (E) and French (F) languages.
The standard provides alphabetical indexes of the terms contained in it to
Russian and their foreign equivalents.

SYSTEM OF STATE TESTING OF PRODUCTS

TESTING AND CONTROL
PRODUCT QUALITY

BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GOST 16504-81

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

Moscow

DEVELOPED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

PERFORMERS

L. M. Zaks, G. K. Martynov(theme leaders), G. V. Anisimova, V. P. Belyavtsev, Yu. S. Veniaminov, G. A. Gukasyan, M. G. Dolinskaya, V. D. Dudko, L. I. Zavalko, A. A. Zenkov, M. G. Iofin, V. V. Kreshchuk, E. N. Leonova, O. G. Lositsky, A. E. Manokhin, M. M. Manzon, V. V. Melentiev, V. P. Nikiforov , V. A. Novikova, E. V. Nikitina, A. G. Osetrov, V. A. Pavlov, O. F. Poslavsky, V. I. Pereponov, V. I. Pronenko, V. N. Smirnov, N K. Sukhov. V. G. Stepanov, E. I. Taver, A. L. Terkel, R. V. Utkina, N. M. Fedotov, I. A. Khalap, S. S. Chernyshev, V. N. Chupyrin, V. I. Churilov, N. G. Sherstyukov, E. P. Schmidt, E. S. Ehrenburg.

INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

Head of the Department for Attestation and State Product Testing

M. A. Ushakov

APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 8, 1981 No. 5297

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 8, 1981 No. 5297 established the deadline for introduction

from 01.01.1982.

This standard establishes the terms and definitions of the basic concepts used in science, technology and production in the field of testing and quality control of products.

The terms established by this standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation, scientific and technical, educational and reference literature.

There is one standardized term for each concept. The use of synonymous terms for the standardized term is prohibited.

Synonymous terms that are unacceptable for use are given in the standard as reference and are marked with the mark "Ndp".

In cases where the necessary and sufficient features of concepts are contained in the literal meaning of the term, the definition is not given, and, accordingly, a dash is put in the “Definition” column.

For individual standardized terms in the standard, short forms are given as reference, which are allowed to be used if the possibility of their different interpretation is excluded.

Standardized terms are printed in bold, short form in light, invalid terms in italics.

The standard provides reference foreign equivalents for a number of standardized terms in English (E) and French (F) languages.

The standard contains alphabetical indexes of the terms contained in it in Russian and their foreign equivalents.

The reference provides explanations for some terms marked with an asterisk, the reference provides a systematization of the types of tests and control according to their main features.

Definition

1. TESTING

E. Normal test conditions

F. Conditions d'essais normales

Test conditions established by the normative and technical documentation (NTD) for this type of product

E. Test specimen

F. Echantillon pour essai

Product or part thereof or sample directly subjected to experiment during testing

E. Pilot sample

A product sample manufactured according to the newly developed working documentation for verification by testing compliance with its specified technical requirements in order to make a decision on the possibility of putting into production and (or) use for its intended purpose

F. Modele pour essai

A product, process, phenomenon, mathematical model that is in a certain correspondence with the test object and (or) influences on it and is capable of replacing them in the test process

E. Test mock-up

F. Maquette pour essais

A product representing a simplified reproduction of the test object or part thereof and intended for testing

E. Test program

F. Program d'essais

Organizational and methodological document, mandatory for implementation, establishing the object and objectives of the tests, the types, sequence and scope of the experiments, the procedure, conditions, place and timing of the tests, provision and reporting on them, as well as responsibility for the provision and conduct of tests

F. Moyen d'essais

Technical device, substance and (or) material for testing

E. Test equipment

F. Equipement d'essais

Test tool, which is a technical device for reproducing test conditions

F. Systeme d'essais

A set of test tools, performers and certain test objects interacting according to the rules established by the relevant regulatory documentation

E. Accuracy of test results

F. Precision des resultats d'essais

A test property characterized by the closeness of test results to the actual values of the characteristics of an object under certain test conditions

E. Reproducibility of test methods and results

F. Reproducibility des methodes et resultsats d "essais

A characteristic determined by the similarity of test results of identical samples of the same object using the same method in different laboratories, by different operators using different equipment

F. Donnees d'essais

Values of characteristics of the properties of the object and (or) test conditions, operating time, as well as other parameters that are initial for further processing, recorded during testing

F. Resultat d'essais

Evaluation of the characteristics of the properties of the object, establishing the compliance of the object with the specified requirements according to the test data, the results of the analysis of the quality of the functioning of the object during the test

F. Proces verbal d'essais

E. Test organization

F. Organisme d'essais

An organization that, in accordance with the established procedure, is entrusted with testing certain types of products or carrying out certain types of tests

An organization that has been approved in accordance with the accepted procedure for conducting tests at the state level of established critical types of products for industrial, technical and cultural purposes

E. State testing center

F. Center national d'essais

A specialized subdivision of the head organization for state testing, designed to conduct state tests of established critical types of products for industrial, technical, cultural and community purposes

E. Republican (regional) testing center

F. Center republicain (regional) d'essais

An organization approved in accordance with the accepted procedure for conducting certain categories of tests of fixed types of products manufactured and (or) developed by enterprises and organizations of the republic (region), regardless of their departmental subordination

E. Testing division

F. unite d'essais

A subdivision of an organization to which the management of the latter is entrusted with conducting tests for its own needs

Base division

A subdivision appointed in accordance with the accepted procedure for testing certain types of products or types of tests from among those assigned to the head organization for state testing

strong point

An organization that is a consumer of products subject to testing, appointed in the accepted manner to test these products in operational conditions

E. Investigation test

F. Essais de recherche

Tests carried out to study certain characteristics of the properties of an object

F. Essais de controle

Tests carried out to control the quality of the object

E. Comparative test

F. Essais comparatifs

Tests of similar or identical objects carried out under identical conditions to compare the characteristics of their properties

E. Determinative test

F. Essais de determination

Tests carried out to determine the values of the characteristics of the object with the given values of the indicators of accuracy and (or) reliability

F. Essais officiels

Testing of identified critical products by a parent government testing organization or acceptance testing by a government commission or testing organization that has been granted the right to conduct them

E. Departmental test

F. Essais sectoriels

Tests conducted by a commission of representatives of the interested ministry or department

Ndp. Structural tests

E. Developmental test

F. Essais de finition

Research tests carried out during the development of products in order to assess the impact of changes made to it to achieve the specified values of its quality indicators

E. Preliminary test

F. Essais preliminaires

Control tests of prototypes and (or) pilot batches of products in order to determine the possibility of their presentation for acceptance tests

E. Qualification test

F. Essais de qualification

Control tests of the installation series or the first industrial batch, carried out in order to assess the readiness of the enterprise to produce products of this type in a given volume

E. Pre-delivery test

F. Essay de presentation

Control tests of products carried out by the technical control service of the manufacturer before presenting it for acceptance by a representative of the customer, consumer or other acceptance bodies

E. Approval test

F. Essais de reception

Control tests of products during acceptance control

E. Periodical test

F. Essais periodiques

Control tests of manufactured products, carried out in the volumes and within the time limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation, in order to control the stability of product quality and the possibility of continuing its production

E.Inspection test

F. Essais d'inspection

Control tests of established types of manufactured products, carried out on a selective basis in order to control the stability of product quality by specially authorized organizations

Ndp. Verification tests

Control tests of manufactured products, carried out in order to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of changes to the design, recipe or technological process

E. Evaluation test

F. Essais d'attestation

Tests carried out to assess the level of product quality during its certification by quality categories

E. Certification test

F. Essay de certification

Control tests of products carried out in order to establish the conformity of the characteristics and properties of national and (or) international regulatory and technical documents

E. Laboratory test

F. Essais de labouratoire

Object tests carried out in laboratory conditions

F. Essais au banc

Object tests carried out on test equipment

F. Essais au terrain

Object tests carried out at the test site

E. Test with modeling

F. Essais avec utilisation des modeles

F. Essais normaux

Tests, methods and conditions of which provide obtaining the necessary amount of information about the characteristics of the properties of the object in the same time interval as in the envisaged operating conditions.

E. Accelerated test

F. Essais acceleres

Tests, the methods and conditions of which provide the necessary information about the characteristics of the properties of the object in a shorter period than during normal tests

F. Essais tronques

Tests carried out according to an abbreviated program

E. environmental test

F. Essais climatiques

Tests for the impact of climatic factors

E. Thermal test

F. Essais thermiques

Thermal Factor Testing

E.Radiation test

F. Essais de radiation

Tests for the influence of radiation factors

E. Electromagnetic test

F. Essais electromagnetiques

Electromagnetic Field Tests

e.Electric test

F. Essais electriques

Electrical voltage, current or zero test

E.Magnetic test

F. Essais magnetiques

Magnetic Field Tests

E. Chemical test

F. Essais de resistance chimique

Tests for the impact of special environments

F. Essais biologists

Tests for the influence of biological factors

E. Strength test

F. Essais d'endurance

Tests carried out to determine the values of influencing factors that cause the values of the characteristics of the properties of the object to go beyond the established limits or its destruction

E. Stability test

F. Essais de stabilite

Tests carried out to control the ability of a product to perform its functions and maintain parameter values within established limits during the action of certain factors on it

E.Functional test

F. Essais functionnels

Tests conducted to determine the values of the indicators of the purpose of the object

E. Reliability test

F. Essais de fiabilite

Tests carried out to determine reliability indicators under specified conditions

F. Essais de securite

E. Transportability test

F. Essais d'aptitude au transport

E. Marginal test

F. Essais limits

Tests carried out to determine the dependencies between the maximum permissible values of the parameters of the object and the operating mode

E. In-process test

F. Essais de technicalite

Tests carried out during the manufacture of products in order to assess their manufacturability

2. CONTROL

General concepts

Control

F. Control technique

Checking the compliance of the object with the established technical requirements

E. Item under inspection

F. Object a controller

Controlled products, processes of their creation, application, transportation, storage, maintenance and repair, as well as related technical documentation

E. Automated control system

F. Systeme de controle automatise

Control system that provides control with partial direct participation of a person

E. Automatic control system

F. Systeme de controle automatique

Control system that provides control without direct human participation

Types of control

E. Manufacturing supervision

F. Controle de fabrication

Control carried out at the production stage

E. Field inspection

F. Controle en utilization

Control carried out at the stage of product operation

E. 100% inspection

F. Controle a 100%

Control of each unit of production in a batch

E. Sampling inspection

F. Controle par echantillonnage

* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 50779.10-2000, GOST R 50779.11-2000 apply

E. Registration control

F. Controle par enregistrement

Control carried out by recording the values of controlled parameters of products or processes

E. Organoleptic inspection

F. Controle organoleptique

Control, in which the primary information is perceived by the senses

INDEX

Test equipment certification

Certification of testing organizations and divisions

Test method certification

Reproducibility of methods and test results

Research tests

Qualification tests

Structural tests

Interdepartmental tests

Model tests

Transportability Tests

Bearer tests

Acceptance tests

Certification tests

Operational tests

Electromagnetic tests

Product quality control

Organoleptic control

Destructive control method

Non-destructive control method

Test equipment

Object of technical control

Stronghold of the parent organization for state testing

Head organization for state testing of products

Product quality assessment

Division probation

Subdivision test basic

Automated control system

Automatic control system

Departmental control system

Test conditions are normal

Accuracy of test results

Departmental testing center

State testing center

Republican testing center (regional)

ENGLISH INDEX OF TERMS 1

Certification of testing organizations and divisions*

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN FRENCH 1

Organisme pilote pour les essais officiels des produits

Reproducibility des methodes et resultsats d "essais

Unite d'essais de base d'un organisme pilote**

1 Terms marked with a single asterisk (*) are approximate equivalents; terms marked with two asterisks (**) should be considered translations; terms without designations are full equivalents.

ANNEX 1

Reference

EXPLANATION TO SOME TERMS

Experimental determination of the characteristics of the properties of an object during testing can be carried out by using measurements, analyses, diagnostics, organoleptic methods, by registering certain events during testing (failures, damage), etc.

The characteristics of the properties of an object during testing can be evaluated if the task of testing is to obtain quantitative or qualitative assessments, and they can be controlled if the task of testing is only to establish that the characteristics of the object comply with the specified requirements. In this case, the tests are reduced to control. Therefore, a number of types of tests are control, during which the problem of control is solved.

The most important feature of any tests is the adoption of certain decisions based on their results.

Another sign of testing is the setting of certain test conditions (real or simulated), which is understood as a set of effects on the object and modes of operation of the object.

The determination of the characteristics of an object during testing can be carried out both during the operation of the object and in the absence of operation, in the presence of impacts, before or after their application.

To the term "Test conditions" ()

The test conditions include external influencing factors, both natural and artificially created, as well as internal influences caused by the operation of the object (for example, heating caused by friction or the passage of electric current) and the modes of operation of the object, methods and place of its installation, mounting, fastening, travel speed, etc.

To the term "Normal test conditions" ()

Normal test conditions (values of influencing factors, modes of operation) must be specified in the NTD for test methods for specific types of products. So, for example, normal climatic test conditions are established for various types of other technical products. Normal conditions for performing linear and angular measurements, etc.

A wide range of types of tests combined in the category of tests is characterized by organizational features of their implementation, namely, the level (state, interdepartmental, departmental tests), development stages (preliminary, acceptance), various types of tests of finished products (qualification, acceptance, periodic , typical, etc.).

Based on the results of all these tests, an assessment of the object as a whole is made and an appropriate decision is made - on the possibility of presenting the product for acceptance tests, on putting the product into production, on the completion of mastering mass production, on the possibility of its continuation, on assigning the product to one or another quality category, etc. d.

To the term "Test Object" ()

The main feature of the test object is that, based on the results of its tests, one or another decision is made on this object - on its suitability or rejection, on the possibility of presenting it for the next test, on the possibility of serial production, and others.

Depending on the type of product and the test program, the object of testing may be a single product or a batch of products subjected to complete or selective control, a separate sample or a batch of products from which a sample specified in the RTD is taken.

The object of testing may be a mock-up or model of a product, and the decision based on the test results may refer directly to the mock-up or model. However, if, when testing a product, some of its elements have to be replaced by models for testing or certain characteristics of the product are determined on models, then the object of testing remains the product itself, the assessment of the characteristics of which is obtained on the basis of model testing.

2. One of several channels of the communication system is submitted for testing. In this case, the test object is the given channel of the communication system.

3. A batch of TVs with a volume of N. From N products are sampled in n products for which the characteristics of their properties are determined. Based on the use of selective methods of evaluation and control, the test results apply to the entire batch of N TVs. In this case, the test object is the entire batch of N TVs.

To the term "Test Program" ()

The test program must contain test methods or references to them, if these methods are designed as independent documents.

To the term "Test Method" ()

The test procedure, which essentially determines the technological process of their implementation, can be drawn up in an independent document or in a test program, or in a regulatory and technical document for products (standards, specifications). The test procedure must be certified.

To the term "Test Tool" ()

The concept of a test tool covers any technical means used in testing. This includes, first of all, test equipment (), which refers to the means of reproducing test conditions (). Test tools include measuring instruments, both built into the test equipment and used in tests to measure certain characteristics of an object or control test conditions. Test tools should also include auxiliary technical devices for fixing the test object, recording and processing the results.

Test tools also include basic and auxiliary substances and materials (reagents, etc.) used in testing.

To the term "Test System" ()

The main characteristic feature of any testing system is the presence of some organized set of performers (organizations or individuals) who have the necessary testing tools and interact with certain test objects according to established rules. In this sense, they speak, for example, of a system for testing agricultural machines, based on the machine-testing stations of the State Committee for Agriculture; on the system of state testing of measuring instruments, based on metrological institutes and regulated by the relevant state standards; on the system of state testing of the most important types of products, based on the parent organizations for state testing and regulated by the relevant set of regulatory documents.

to the term "Reproducibility of methods and test results "()

The reproducibility of test methods and results, except for the test procedure (including the method, means, algorithm, etc.) can largely depend on the properties of the test object.

If the object is, for example, a batch of products subjected to random testing, then such tests at the supplier and the consumer can be carried out on identical samples selected from this batch, in which case the heterogeneity of the products can significantly, sometimes decisively, affect the reproducibility of the test results.

To the term "Research tests" ()

Research tests are carried out with the aim of:

determining or evaluating the quality indicators of the functioning of the tested object in certain conditions of its use;

selection of the best modes of application of the object or the best characteristics of the properties of the object;

comparison of many options for the implementation of the object in the design and certification;

building a mathematical model of the object functioning (estimating the parameters of the mathematical model);

selection of significant factors influencing the quality indicators of the operation of the facility;

selection of the type of mathematical model of the object (among a given set of options).

To the term "State tests" ()

Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 695 of July 12, 1979 extended the concept of "state tests" to the most important types of products for industrial, technical and cultural purposes. The head organizations for state testing of these types of products, approved in accordance with the decree, are entrusted with conducting a wide range of state tests, including, along with acceptance tests, also tests of serial products, imported products, attestation and other types of tests. Accordingly, the content of the concept of "state tests" for these most important types of products has been changed.

At the same time, for other important types of products that are not covered by the activities of the parent organizations, the former content of the concept of “state tests” has been retained as acceptance tests conducted by the state commission, with the addition of the possibility of conducting them by organizations that have been granted such a right.

To the term "Interdepartmental tests" ()

For certain types of products, the concept of “interdepartmental testing”, by decision of the ministries concerned, may refer only to certain categories of tests (for example, only to acceptance tests), regardless of the fact that representatives of different ministries may also participate in commissions for testing other categories.

To the term "Acceptance tests" ()

Acceptance tests of prototypes or batches of products are carried out to resolve the issue of the advisability of putting these products into production, and acceptance tests of single-piece production products are carried out to resolve the issue of the advisability of transferring these products to operation (GOST 15.001-88 *).

* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 15.201-2000 applies.

To the term "Acceptance tests" ()

Acceptance tests are usually carried out by the product manufacturer. If the manufacturer has a representative of the customer, acceptance tests are carried out by him in the presence of the manufacturer's representative.

To the term "Certification tests" ()

The procedure and conditions for conducting certification tests are established in the certification documentation. Based on the results of these tests, the compliance of product quality with the requirements of national or international standards is checked.

To the term "Bench tests" ()

The concept of "test bench" in various industries is interpreted in different ways. So, for example, in the technique of vibration testing, a vibration stand is understood as a vibrating table on which the tested product is installed, and the whole complex of control and measurement tools together with the table is called a vibration installation.

The engine test bench, on the contrary, includes the whole range of tools necessary for these tests. There are great contradictions in the interpretation of this term and in foreign terminology.

Since the term "test equipment" () as a test tool for reproducing test conditions fully covers all interpretations of the concept of "test bench", then, accordingly, the common term "bench test" is defined as tests carried out on test equipment.

To the term "Field tests" ()

Full-scale tests are implemented if three main conditions are met:

1. The directly manufactured products (i.e., the test object) are subjected to tests without the use of product models or its components.

2. Tests are carried out under conditions and under impacts on products that correspond to the conditions and impacts of use for the intended purpose.

3. The determined characteristics of the properties of the test object are measured directly, and in this case, analytical dependencies are not used, reflecting the physical structure of the test object and its components. It is allowed to use the mathematical apparatus of statistical processing of experimental data.

Examples: 1. An omnidirectional radar station was presented for testing. The purpose of the tests is to determine the range of detection by this station of an aircraft (LA) of a given type with a given reflective surface. During the tests, aircraft flights with a given reflective surface are carried out along pre-selected routes, the radar detection range is determined directly (radar coordinates are known in advance, aircraft coordinates are known for any moment of time), the detection time is determined during testing. In this case, all three of the above conditions are met. Consequently, the radar is subjected to full-scale tests.

The tests will remain full-scale if, instead of an aircraft, some physical body with characteristic movements close to the characteristics of an aircraft of a given type with a given reflective surface is used.

Tests using models include carrying out calculations on mathematical or physical and mathematical models of the test object and (or) impacts on it in combination with full-scale tests of the object and its components (experimental-theoretical test method), as well as the use of a physical model of the test object or its constituent parts. Field test data are required as initial data for modeling, and are also used to verify the correct functioning of the test object (correct docking of the component parts of the object, the ability of the object to perform the tasks for which it is intended, etc.).

To the term "Performance tests" ()

One of the main types of operational tests is pilot operation. In addition, controlled operation can be carried out, which to some extent can also be conditionally referred to as operational tests. Controlled operation is a natural operation, the course and results of which are observed by personnel specially designed and trained for this purpose (additional or full-time) and guided by documentation also developed specifically for collecting, accounting and primary processing of information, the source of which is controlled operation.

To terms
"Mechanical tests" (),
"Climatic tests" (),
"Thermal tests" (),

2. Comparison of primary information with pre-established requirements, norms, criteria, i.e. detection of compliance or non-compliance of actual data with the required (expected). Information about the discrepancy (discrepancy) between the actual and required data can be called secondary.

The object, the data on the state and (or) properties of which are subject to comparison with the established requirements during control, can be a product or a process (see explanations and examples for the term "Object of control").

In some cases, the time boundary between the first and second stages of control is indistinguishable. In such cases, the first stage may not be clearly expressed or may be practically not observed. A typical example is the control of the size by a caliber, which is reduced to the operation of comparing the actual and maximum allowable size values.

Further, the secondary information is used to develop appropriate control actions on the object subjected to control. In this sense, any control is always active. It should be noted in this regard that any control, in addition, should always be preventive to one degree or another, since secondary information can be used to improve the development, production and operation of products, to improve their quality, etc.

However, decision-making based on the analysis of secondary information, the development of appropriate control actions is no longer a part of control. This is the next stage of management, based on the results of control - an integral and essential part of any management. During technical control, primary information is compared with the technical requirements recorded in the regulatory documentation, with the characteristics of the control sample, with data recorded using a caliber, etc.

At the stage of product development, technical control consists, for example, in checking the compliance of a prototype and (or) developed technical documentation with the design rules and terms of reference.

At the manufacturing stage, technical control covers the quality, completeness, packaging, labeling and quantity of products presented, the course (state) of production processes.

At the stage of product operation, technical control consists, for example, in checking compliance with the requirements of operational and repair documentation.

To the term "Object of technical control" ()

The objects of technical control are objects of labor (for example, products of the main and auxiliary production in the form of products, materials, technical documentation, etc.), means of labor (for example, equipment of industrial enterprises) and technological processes.

To the term "Checkpoint" ()

The control point of the control object can be a part (element) of the controlled object or be located at some distance from it (for example, monitoring the content of carbon monoxide in exhaust gases by its content in the atmosphere outside the pipe). The control point is usually where the sensor is located, the beginning of the output from the electrical circuit to the measuring device, etc. The control point is the established place for sampling the substance.

To the term "Control sample" ()

The control sample can be used to normalize quality indicators. When controlling the quality of products, it is allowed to use duplicates of control samples.

The control product sample should be distinguished from the basic product sample used in its certification (establishment of the quality category).

Color control sample is a duly approved product sample designed to standardize color and control the accuracy of its reproduction in products during the production process.

To the terms "Automatic control system" (), "Automated control system" ()

The automatic control system consists of controls that perform all the functions of controllers. In an automated control system, control tools perform only part of the functions of controllers.

To the term "Production control" ()

Production control, as a rule, covers all auxiliary, preparatory and technological operations.

To the term "Operational control" ()

The objects of operational control can be operated products and the operation process.

To the term "Flying control" ()

The effectiveness of volatile control is determined by its suddenness, the rules for ensuring which must be specially developed. Volatile control, as a rule, is carried out directly at the place of manufacture, repair, storage, etc.

To the term "Organoleptic control" ()

Organoleptic control is based on the perceptions of the senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch) of such information that is not presented in numerical terms.

The decision regarding the object of control is then made only on the basis of the results of the analysis of sensory perceptions (for example, an assessment of color shades, an assessment of smell, etc.).

In organoleptic control, control means that are not measuring, but increase the resolution or susceptibility of the senses, can be used.

APPENDIX 2

Reference

Systematization of types of tests according to the main features

Sign of the type of tests	Type of tests
Assignment of tests	Research
	Control
	Comparative
	Determinants
Level of testing	State
	Interdepartmental
	Departmental
Product Development Stages	Finishing
	preliminary
	Acceptance
Finished product testing	Qualifying
	bearer
	Acceptance
	Periodic
	Inspection

	Attestation
	Certification
Conditions and place of testing	Laboratory
	Poster
	Polygon
	Natural
	Model tests
	Operational
Test duration	Normal
	Accelerated
	Abbreviated
Type of impact	Mechanical
	climatic
	Thermal
	Radiation
	Electrical
	electromagnetic
	Magnetic
	Chemical
	Biological
Impact result	non-destructive
	Destructive
	Durability Tests
	Strength tests
	Stability tests
Defined characteristics of the object	Functional
	Reliability Tests
	Safety Tests
	Transportability Tests
	Boundary tests
	Technological tests

Notes:

1. Tests may have two or more features from those listed. If necessary, the name of the tests includes a listing of these features of the types of tests, for example, interdepartmental periodic bench tests for reliability, etc.

2. The test category, characterized by organizational features and decision-making based on the results of the assessment of the object as a whole, includes types of tests determined by the level of their implementation, development stages, as well as all tests of finished products.

Systematization of types of control according to the main features

Sign of the type of control	Type of control
Stage of creation and existence of products	Industrial
Stage of creation and existence of products	Operational
Stage of the production process
	Operating
	Acceptance
	Inspection
Completeness of control coverage	Solid
	Selective

	Continuous
	Periodic
Influence on the object of control	destructive
Influence on the object of control	non-destructive
Application of controls	Measuring
	Registration
	Organoleptic
	Visual
	Technical inspection