Presentation on history on the topic "Elizaveta Petrovna". Elizaveta Petrovna This presentation presents the biography of the Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Presentation about Elizabeth Petrovna in history

Elizaveta Petrovna


The coup and the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna survived five emperors and empresses - Peter I, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna and Ivan VI. Elizaveta Petrovna survived five emperors and empresses - Peter I, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna and Ivan VI. On the night of November 24 to 25, 1741, Ivan Antonovich was deprived of the throne as a result of a bloodless coup. On the night of November 24-25, 1741, Ivan Antonovich was deprived of the throne as a result of a bloodless coup.


Economic transformations Agricultural development Agricultural development Industry and metallurgy development Industry and metallurgy development The empire's population increased The empire's population increased Strengthening the role of the nobility Strengthening the role of the nobility Removal of Germans from high ranks Removing Germans from high ranks Restoration of the role of the Senate Restoration of the role of the Senate Introduction of the highest court "Introduction of the" Conference of the highest court "Introduction of magistrates Introduction of magistrates


Elizabethan favorites Elizabethan rule was famous for its favorites. Even before the beginning of the reign, Elizaveta Petrovna had a great many lovers. The question arose about the tonsure of the loving Elizabeth into a monastery. Elizabethan rule was famous for its favorites. Even before the beginning of the reign, Elizaveta Petrovna had a great many lovers. The question arose about the tonsure of the loving Elizabeth into a monastery. Officially, Elizaveta Petrovna remained unmarried, but in 1742, apparently, she entered into a secret marriage with Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky. Officially, Elizaveta Petrovna remained unmarried, but in 1742, apparently, she entered into a secret marriage with Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky.


Foreign policy of the country - Seven Years War -War with Turkey


Elizaveta Petrovna in the history of Russia. By all accounts, Elizaveta Petrovna is considered a frivolous, cheerful empress who was fond of balls and masquerades and cared little about state affairs. By all accounts, Elizaveta Petrovna is considered a frivolous, cheerful empress who was fond of balls and masquerades and cared little about state affairs. Frederick II: A sensual woman who upset Russian finances with disorderly management and personal spending. Frederick II: A sensual woman who upset Russian finances with disorderly management and personal spending. NM Karamzin: Idle, voluptuous, could not manage the state well. NM Karamzin: Idle, voluptuous, could not manage the state well.


Elizaveta Petrovna (December 18, 1709, Kolomenskoye December 25, 1761, St. Petersburg) Russian empress from November 25, 1741, from the Romanov dynasty, daughter of Peter I and Catherine I. At the age of eight, Princess Elizabeth already attracted attention with her beauty. In 1717, both daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, greeted Peter, returning from abroad, dressed in Spanish attire. Then the French ambassador noticed that the youngest daughter of the sovereign seemed unusually beautiful in this outfit. In the next year, 1718, assemblies were introduced, and both princesses appeared there in dresses of different colors, embroidered in gold and silver, in headdresses glittering with diamonds. Everyone admired Elizabeth's skill in dancing. In addition to ease of movement, she was distinguished by resourcefulness and ingenuity, constantly inventing new figures. The French envoy Levi noticed then that Elizabeth could be called a perfect beauty, if not for her snub nose and reddish hair.


Education The upbringing of the princess was not particularly successful, especially since her mother was completely illiterate. But she was taught in French, and Catherine constantly reiterated that there are important reasons for her to know French the best. The reason for this was the strong desire of her parents to marry Elizabeth to someone of the French royal blood. However, to all persistent proposals to intermarry with the French Bourbons, they responded with a polite but decisive refusal. In all other respects, Elizabeth's training was a little burdensome, she did not receive a decent systematic education. Her pastime was: horse riding, hunting, rowing and caring for her beauty.


Before accession to the throne After the marriage of her parents she bore the title of crown princess. The will of Catherine I of 1727 provided for the rights of Elizabeth and her descendants to the throne after Peter II and Anna Petrovna. In the last year of the reign of Catherine I and at the beginning of the reign of Peter II, there was a lot of talk at the court about the possibility of marriage between her aunt and nephew, who were connected at that time by friendly relations. After the death of Peter II, betrothed to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, from smallpox in January 1730, Elizabeth, despite the will of Catherine I, was not actually considered one of the contenders for the throne, which was transferred to her cousin Anna Ioanovna. During her reign (s.) Princess Elizabeth was in disgrace; dissatisfied with Anna Ioannovna and Biron pinned great hopes on the daughter of Peter the Great.


Accession to the throne Taking advantage of the fall in authority and influence of power during the regency period, on the night of November 25, 32-year-old Elizabeth, accompanied by Count M.I. Vorontsov, physician Lestock and his music teacher Schwartz with the words “Guys! You know whose daughter I am, follow me! As you served my father, so serve me with your loyalty! " raised the grenadier company of the Preobrazhensky regiment behind her. Not meeting resistance, with the help of 308 loyal guards, she proclaimed herself the new queen, ordering to imprison the young Ivan IV in the fortress and arrest the entire Braunschweig family (relatives, including the regent Anna Leopoldovna) and her followers. The favorites of the former empress Munnich, Levenwold and Osterman were sentenced to death, replaced by exile to Siberia in order to show Europe the tolerance of the new autocrat. Coronation dress of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, 1742


The reign of Elizabeth almost did not deal with state affairs, entrusting them to her favorites - the Razumovsky brothers, Shuvalov, Vorontsov, A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. The main principles of domestic and foreign policy, Elizabeth proclaimed a return to Peter's reforms. The role of the Senate, Berg and Manufacturing Collegiums, Chief Magistrate was restored. The Cabinet of Ministers has been abolished. The Senate received the right to initiate legislation. During the Seven Years' War, a permanent meeting arose, standing above the Senate Conference at the highest court. The heads of the military and diplomatic departments and persons specially invited by the empress took part in its work. The activities of the Secret Chancellery became imperceptible. The significance of the Synod and the clergy grew, and schismatics were severely persecuted. The Synod took care of the material support of the clergy, monasteries, and the dissemination of spiritual education among the people. During the reign of Elizabeth, work was completed on a new Slavic translation of the Bible, begun under Peter I in 1712. The Elizabethan Bible, published in 1751, is still used with minor changes in the divine services of the Russian Orthodox Church. The ruble of Elizabeth I in gold. 1756


In 1741, the empress adopted a decree allowing Buddhist lamas to preach their teachings on the territory of the Russian Empire. All lamas who wished to come to Russia were sworn in allegiance to the empire. The decree also exempted them from paying taxes. At the same time, in 1742, a decree was adopted on the expulsion of all citizens of the religion with permission to stay only for those who want to convert to Orthodoxy. The 2nd census of the taxable population was carried out in 2005-2006. In the late 1740s - the first half of the 1750s, a number of serious transformations were carried out on the initiative. In 1754, the Senate adopted a resolution developed by Shuvalov on the abolition of internal customs duties and petty fees. This led to a significant revival of trade ties between the regions. The first Russian banks were founded - Noble (Loan), Merchant and Medny (State). In 1744, a decree was issued banning fast travel around the city, and fines were taken from those who swore in public.


A tax reform was carried out, which made it possible to improve the financial situation of the country: fees for concluding foreign trade transactions were increased to 13 kopecks from 1 ruble (instead of the previously charged 5 kopecks). The tax on salt and wine was increased. In the city, a new commission was created to draw up the Code, which finished its work by the end of the reign of Elizabeth, but the process of transformations was interrupted by the Seven Years' War (). In social policy, the line of expanding the rights of the nobility continued. In 1746, the nobles were granted the right to own land and peasants. In 1760 the landowners received the right to exile peasants to Siberia with their credit instead of recruits. The peasants were forbidden to conduct monetary transactions without the permission of the landlord. Portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by Charles van Loo Tax reform has been implemented, which has improved the country's financial situation: fees for foreign trade transactions have been increased to 13 kopecks per ruble (instead of the previously charged 5 kopecks). The tax on salt and wine was increased. In the city, a new commission was created to draw up the Code, which finished its work by the end of the reign of Elizabeth, but the process of transformations was interrupted by the Seven Years' War (). In social policy, the line of expanding the rights of the nobility continued. In 1746, the nobles were granted the right to own land and peasants. In 1760 the landowners received the right to exile peasants to Siberia with their credit instead of recruits. The peasants were forbidden to conduct monetary transactions without the permission of the landlord.


In 1755, the factory peasants were assigned as permanent (possessional) workers at the Ural factories. The death penalty was abolished (1756), the mass practice of sophisticated torture was stopped. Under Elizabeth, military educational institutions were reorganized. In 1744, a decree was issued to expand the network of primary schools. The first gymnasiums were opened: in Moscow (1755) and Kazan (1758). In 1755, on the initiative of I. I. Shuvalov, the Academy of Arts was founded, and in 1760. On August 30, 1756, a decree was signed on the beginning of the creation of the structure. Outstanding cultural monuments have been created (Tsarskoye Selo Catherine Palace, etc.). Support was provided to MV Lomonosov and other representatives of Russian science and culture. In the last period of her reign, Elizabeth was less concerned with issues of state administration, having entrusted it to P.I. and I.I. Shuvalov, M.I. and R.I. Vorontsov and others. Summer Palace of Elizabeth Petrovna


In general, the domestic policy of Elizabeth Petrovna was distinguished by stability and focus on the growth of the authority and power of state power. For a number of signs, we can say that the course of Elizabeth Petrovna was the first step towards the policy of enlightened absolutism, which was then carried out under Catherine II. Empress Elizabeth was the last ruler of Russia, who was Romanova "by blood". On November 19, 1742, Elizabeth signed a decree on the destruction of all mosques on the territory of the Kazan province and the prevention of the construction of new ones. Luka Konashevich began to feverishly execute the Decree within two years, out of 536 mosques in the Kazan district, 418 were destroyed ("History of Tataria").


At the turn of the years. XVIII century there were more than 60 uprisings of monastic peasants. In the years. uprisings occurred twice in Bashkiria. In years. disturbances were observed at 54 factories in the Urals (200 thousand registered peasants). Social unrest


Foreign policy Ivan Vishnyakov. Portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna The Russo-Swedish War () In the city of Prussian King Frederick II decided to use the death of the Austrian Emperor Charles VI to capture Silesia. It began. Hostile to Austria, Prussia and France tried to persuade Russia to take part in the conflict on their side, but they were also satisfied with non-interference in the war. Therefore, French diplomacy tried to set Sweden and Russia apart in order to divert the latter's attention from European affairs. Sweden has declared war on Russia. Russian troops under the command of General Lassi defeated the Swedes in Finland and occupied its territory.


The Abo Peace Treaty () of 1743 ended the war. The treatise was signed in the city of Abo (now) on the part of Russia A.I. and I., on the part of Sweden G. and E.M. During the negotiations, Russia agreed to limit its territorial claims, subject to the election of the Holstein heir to the Swedish throne. Prince, great-uncle of the Russian heir Peter III Fedorovich. Mr. Adolf was elected heir to the Swedish throne, which paved the way for a final agreement. Article 21 of the peace treaty established eternal peace between countries and obliged them not to enter into hostile alliances. Confirmed in 1721. The Kymenegorsk province with the cities of Friedrichsgam and Vilmanstrand, part of the Savolak province with the city of Neishlot, departed to Russia. The border runs along the river. Kyummene. The beginning of the annexation of the Kazakh lands to Russia. While still in Anna Ioannovna, she signed a letter of acceptance of the Younger Kazakh zhuz into Russia. Khan zhuza Abulkhair and foremen swore allegiance to Russia. During the years, he voluntarily became part of Russia; were built (1743) and a fortress on the river Yaik.


In the city of the Anglo-French war for the colonies. The war involved two coalitions: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria, Sweden and Saxony with the participation of Russia. Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of the same year, he forced her to surrender. Russia has declared war on Prussia. Frederick defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. the Russian army was surrounded at the village. Gross-Jegersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade of P.A.Rumyantseva broke out of the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and retreated. Apraksin did not organize the pursuit, and he himself retreated to Courland. Elizabeth will remove him and put him under investigation. The new commander was appointed Englishman V.V. Fermor. Seven Years War ()


At the beginning, the Russian troops captured Königsberg, then all of East Prussia, the population of which even swore allegiance to the Empress. East Prussia received the status of a province of Russia. In August, a battle took place near the village of Tsondorf, in which the Russians won. Some rulers of Germany often made a toast to the Germans who won at Zondorf, but these statements were erroneous because the army that occupied the battlefield after the battle is considered the victor. The battlefield was occupied by the Russian army (this battle is described in detail by Valentin Pikul in his novel "With the Pen and the Sword"). At the beginning of the battle, Fermor, together with the Austrian ambassador to the Russian army, fled from the battlefield. The victory was won by the army without the commander-in-chief. Fermor was then removed. During the battle, Frederick II said the famous phrase: "It is not enough to kill a Russian, a Russian must also be knocked down. I see killed Russians, but I do not see defeated Russians."


The army was led by P.S. Saltykov. On August 1, 1759, the 58,000-strong Russian army near the village of Kunersdorf fought a general battle against 48,000 of the Prussian army. The army of Frederick II was destroyed: only 3 thousand soldiers remained. Seydlitz's cavalry was also destroyed. Saltykov for his defiant attitude towards the Austrian troops and the delay in the advance, A. B. Buturlin was dismissed and appointed. the capture of Berlin took place; it was briefly captured by the corps of General Z. G. Chernyshev, which captured military warehouses. However, when Frederick approached, the corps retreated. In December, Elizabeth died of an unidentified chronic disease by the medicine of those times. He ascended the throne. The new emperor returned all the conquered lands to Frederick and even offered military assistance. Only a new palace coup and accession to the throne prevented Russia's military actions against the former allies of Austria and Sweden.


Personal life According to the testimony of contemporaries and historians, in particular, the Minister of Public Education Count Uvarov (the author of the formula), Elizabeth was in a church morganatic marriage with. According to some historical sources from the 1770s to 1810s, she had at least two children: a son from Alexei Razumovsky and a daughter from Count Shuvalov. Subsequently, she took under the personal care of the two sons and the daughter of a chamber junker, Peter, Alexei and Praskovya, who were orphaned in 1743. However, after the death of Elizaveta Petrovna, many impostors appeared who called themselves her children from her marriage to Razumovsky. Among them, the most famous figure was the so-called Princess Tarakanova. The reign of Elizabeth is a period of luxury and excesses. At the court regularly held - and in the first ten years and the so-called "metamorphoses", when ladies dressed up in men's suits, and men in ladies' suits. Elizaveta Petrovna herself set the tone and was the trendsetter. The Empress's wardrobe consisted of up to 45 thousand dresses. Unknown artist Portrait of Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky, mid-18th century


Succession to the throne The official heir to the throne on November 7 (18), 1742, Elizabeth appointed her nephew (son of Anna's sister), Duke of Holstein Karl-Peter Ulrich (Peter Fedorovich). His official title included the words "Grandson of Peter the Great." Equally serious attention was paid to the continuation of the dynasty, to the choice of a wife (the future Catherine II) and to their son (the future Emperor Pavel Petrovich), whose initial upbringing was given great importance.

History Presentation - Elizaveta Petrovna

In Presentation
Childhood and youth
The coup and the beginning of the reign
Economic transformation
Elizabethan favorites
Russian science
The most magnificent baroque
Seven Years War
Elizaveta Petrovna in the history of Russia


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Childhood and youth
The daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, Elizabeth was born on December 18, 1709, the day the tsar entered Moscow in triumph to celebrate the victory in the Battle of Poltava. She was an illegitimate child, her parents got married later, and this later seriously affected the fate of the girl.
Elizabeth grew up in the villages of Izmailovo and Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow in a deeply religious atmosphere. All her life she remained a deeply religious person and contributed to the strengthening of Orthodoxy in Russia. At the same time, the girl was constantly surrounded by a French retinue, since she was being prepared as a wife to the heir to the French throne, the future Louis XV. The French court refused this marriage: Elizabeth was not forgiven her commoner mother and illegitimate birth.

The coup and the beginning of the reign
Elizaveta Petrovna survived five emperors and empresses - Peter I, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna and Ivan VI.
After the death of Anna Ioannovna, a foreigner Ivan Antonovich appeared on the Russian throne (his mother was the niece of the empress). It seemed inconceivable how it was possible that the direct heiress to the throne, the daughter of Peter the Great, would not take the throne. During the reign of Ivan VI as regent, Anna Leopoldovna, with her persecution, put Elizaveta Petrovna in front of an inevitable choice: either a monastery or a coup.
On the night of November 24 to 25, 1741, Ivan Antonovich was deprived of the throne as a result of a bloodless coup.

Economic transformation
During the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, there was a noticeable economic growth of the country. Agriculture develops through the development of arable land in the south and east of the empire, industry, metallurgy. Russia has become Europe's largest pig iron exporter. The population of the empire increased.
However, the Elizabeth government tried to strengthen the landlords to the detriment of the peasants. This caused numerous uprisings and revolts in the last years of the empress's reign. The flight of peasants to Poland, Moldova, the Middle Volga and Siberia became a mass phenomenon.

Elizabethan favorites
Elizabethan rule was famous for its favorites. Even before the beginning of her reign, Elizaveta Petrovna had a great many lovers. The question arose about the tonsure of the loving Elizabeth into a monastery.
Officially, Elizaveta Petrovna remained unmarried, but in 1742, apparently, she entered into a secret marriage with Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky. He was nine years older than her. The couple lived the life of commoners. Then the empress started an affair with Count P.I. Shuvalov, despite the fact that Razumovsky plays the role of the honorary spouse of the empress

Russian science
Under Elizabeth, Russian science experienced an unprecedented rise. In 1755 Moscow University was founded. Since the mid 40s. foreign scientists began to be gradually ousted from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and Russian scientists headed by M.V. Lomonosov and his patron, Count P.I.Shuvalov took the first roles.

The most magnificent baroque
The era of Elizabeth Petrovna is the flourishing of Russian culture. The incredible rise of the Russian baroque.
During her reign (1757) the first permanent drama theater was founded. The architect V.V. Rasstrelli erected the palace ensemble in Tsarskoe Selo, began the construction of the Winter Palace. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, French became the language of the nobles.
Elizabeth herself did not lag behind cultural progress and had over 10,000 dresses

Seven Years War
The country's foreign policy was carried out by Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, an enemy of Prussia and France, a supporter of an alliance with England and Austria. The Empress, on the other hand, adhered to a pro-French policy. In 1756 the Seven Years War began. Russia, France, Austria, Spain, Saxony and Sweden fought against Prussia, England and Portugal. The Russian army won the battles on the Gross-Jägersford field near the village of the same name (1757), near Zorndorf (1758) and Kunersdorf (1759). On September 28, 1760, the Russians entered the Prussian capital Berlin. The crown of Frederick II was saved by the death of the Russian empress.
Elizaveta Petrovna died on December 25, 1761, presumably from epilepsy

Elizaveta Petrovna in the history of Russia.
By all accounts, the Elizabethan era has not yet received official coverage in world historiography. In Russia, with the coming to power of Catherine II, it became a tradition to represent Elizabeth Petrovna as a frivolous, “cheerful” empress who was fond of balls and masquerades and cared little about state affairs.
Frederick II: "A sensual woman who upset Russia's finances with indiscriminate management and personal spending."
NM Karamzin: “Idle, voluptuous, could not manage the state well.”

1. Domestic policy Elizaveta Petrovna began her reign with a reduction in the per capita tax. The inviolability of serfdom But the use of serf labor in industry is limited. The number of registered peasants was reduced.












New privileges of the nobility: -The term of state service in the army, in the navy, in the management system was shortened -Noblemen received the right to exile guilty nobles to Siberia -Noblemen could sell peasants to other persons for recruiting -Transfer of state-owned factories to nobles -Monopoly of nobles on distillation was introduced




Reforms in the field of economics: - Internal customs offices were canceled; - Dozens of new metallurgical plants appeared;












In 1742 14-year-old Karl Peter arrived in Russia On the Holstein line he was the great-grandson of the Swedish king Charles 12 Sts. Peter and Paul, Starosadsky per., House 7 (Moscow)










2. Russia's foreign policy in the years. The first test for the new government in the international sphere was the war with Sweden. Sweden wanted to return those lands in the Baltic States that were ceded to Russia in the Nystadt Peace Treaty.




In the mid-1750s. on the political arena of Europe, the state and military talent of the Prussian king Frederick II the Great shone. He created a strong army. He strove to seize the nearby German principalities.










But against Saltykov, intrigues began The advance detachment of General Z.Kh. Chernyshev approached Berlin The city authorities handed him the keys to Berlin The fall of Berlin shook Europe Russian troops increased success Frederick II was going to abdicate He was saved by the death of Elizabeth Petrovna at the end of 1761.




3. Popular indignation Reasons: -The luxury of the courtyard and the upper classes of society -Huge army -Warning of wars Result: -Expenditures increased -Tax growth -The growth of arrears -Strengthening the power of the nobles -Corvee growth -Mass escapes of peasants -Discontent in the national regions










5. Peter 3: six months on the throne In 1761, Elizabeth Petrovna died. The grandson of Peter 1, Peter Fedorovich, Peter 3, came to the throne 9 years later, Peter 3 and Catherine 2 had a son, Pavel (although Sergei Vasilyevich Saltykov was considered the father) Elizaveta Petrovna, disappointed in her nephew, hatched plans to transfer power to her grandson, Paul 1 She was engaged in his upbringing Paul 1


Reforms of Peter 3: - Destroyed the Secret Chancellery - Forbidden industrialists to buy serfs to manufactories - Introduced a ban on oppression of Old Believers - Prepared a project for the secularization of church lands - Published the "Manifesto on the Freedom of the Nobility" in 1762. But Peter 3 did not have a solid support in society. Opposition made up: elite - Guard - clergy - wife Ekaterina Alekseevna



On June 28, 1762, they carried out a palace coup Peter 3 was staying in Oranienbaum at that time. Realizing that a coup had taken place, Peter asked to let him go to Holstein. But the emperor was arrested and sent to a country palace in the town of Ropsha.













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Childhood and adolescence The daughter of Peter I and Catherine I Elizabeth was born on December 18, 1709, the day when the tsar entered Moscow in triumph to celebrate the victory in the Battle of Poltava. She was an illegitimate child, her parents got married later, and this later seriously affected the fate of the girl. Elizabeth grew up in the villages of Izmailovo and Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow in a deeply religious atmosphere. All her life she remained a deeply religious person and contributed to the strengthening of Orthodoxy in Russia. At the same time, the girl was constantly surrounded by a French retinue, since she was being prepared as a wife to the heir to the French throne, the future Louis XV. The French court refused this marriage: Elizabeth was not forgiven her commoner mother and illegitimate birth.

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The coup and the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna survived five emperors and empresses - Peter I, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna and Ivan VI. After the death of Anna Ioannovna, a foreigner Ivan Antonovich appeared on the Russian throne (his mother was the niece of the empress). It seemed inconceivable how it was possible that the direct heiress to the throne, the daughter of Peter the Great, would not take the throne. During the reign of Ivan VI as regent, Anna Leopoldovna, with her persecution, put Elizaveta Petrovna in front of an inevitable choice: either a monastery or a coup. On the night of November 24-25, 1741, Ivan Antonovich was deprived of the throne as a result of a bloodless coup.

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Economic transformations During the reign of Elizaveta Petrovna, there was a noticeable economic growth of the country. Agriculture develops through the development of arable land in the south and east of the empire, industry, metallurgy. Russia has become Europe's largest pig iron exporter. The population of the empire increased. However, the Elizabeth government tried to strengthen the landlords to the detriment of the peasants. This caused numerous uprisings and revolts in the last years of the empress's reign. The flight of peasants to Poland, Moldova, the Middle Volga and Siberia became a mass phenomenon.

Slide No. 6

Slide Description:

Elizabethan favorites Elizabethan rule was famous for its favorites. Even before the beginning of the reign, Elizaveta Petrovna had a great many lovers. The question arose about the tonsure of the loving Elizabeth into a monastery. Officially, Elizaveta Petrovna remained unmarried, but in 1742, apparently, she entered into a secret marriage with Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky. He was nine years older than her. The couple lived the life of commoners. Then the empress started an affair with Count P.I. Shuvalov, despite the fact that Razumovsky plays the role of the honorary spouse of the empress

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The most magnificent baroque era of Elizabeth Petrovna - the heyday of Russian culture. The incredible rise of the Russian baroque. During her reign (1757) the first permanent drama theater was founded. Architect V.V. Rasstrelli erected the palace ensemble in Tsarskoe Selo, started the construction of the Winter Palace. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, French became the language of the nobles. Elizabeth herself did not lag behind cultural progress and had over 10,000 dresses.

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Seven Years War The country's foreign policy was pursued by Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, an enemy of Prussia and France, a supporter of an alliance with England and Austria. The Empress, on the other hand, adhered to a pro-French policy. In 1756 the Seven Years War began. Russia, France, Austria, Spain, Saxony and Sweden fought against Prussia, England and Portugal. The Russian army won the battles on the Gross-Jägersford field near the village of the same name (1757), near Zorndorf (1758) and Kunersdorf (1759). On September 28, 1760, the Russians entered the Prussian capital Berlin. The crown of Frederick II was saved by the death of the Russian empress. Elizaveta Petrovna died on December 25, 1761, presumably from epilepsy

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Elizaveta Petrovna in the history of Russia. By all accounts, the Elizabethan era has not yet received official coverage in world historiography. In Russia, with the coming to power of Catherine II, it became a tradition to represent Elizabeth Petrovna as a frivolous, “cheerful” empress who was fond of balls and masquerades and cared little about state affairs. Frederick II: "A sensual woman who upset Russia's finances with indiscriminate management and personal spending." N.M. Karamzin: "Idle, voluptuous, could not manage the state well."

 

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