Health project and career choice. Professional suitability and career choice. Explanation of the new topic

This event will help students to form a real idea of the possibilities of applying their professional intentions, taking into account the state of health; will help determine your professional orientation, identify the requirements for human health by professions.
It will help to avoid mistakes in choosing a profession.

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"HEALTH AND PROFESSIONAL CHOICE"

The purpose of the class hour:contribute to the formation of students' knowledge about the impact of health on the choice of a future profession.

Classroom tasks:

Foster the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Help students develop a mature, informed position about the use of: nicotine, alcohol; their impact on human health.
Teach students to correlate the requirements of the professions with their interests, abilities and health.

Leading: Hello dear guests, dear guys. Today we have gathered together to discuss a serious issue: “Your health is a choice of profession”; and should find out how a person's health can seriously affect the choice of a profession.

We invited guests to our club meeting to help us with advice on choosing a profession. Today our guest is our school doctor, responsible for the health of schoolchildren, physical education teacher, labor teacher.

Our event will be held in an unusual way, and therefore I want to remind you of the rules of work:

Confidential communication style;
Sincerity in communication;
Active participation in what is happening;
Respect for the speaker;
Do not interrupt the speaker;
Do not shout out from the place.

Let's start with the game. ("Everyone has their own opinion")

A sheet of paper is taken. Students' eyes are closed. Assignment: divide a sheet of paper into two parts and tear off one part. We open our eyes. We lift the leaf up. Are your sheets the same?

(Student responses)

Output: each person has his own opinion, each of us is a person. And you should only express your personal opinion.

Leading: Please tell me what 4 factors you need to know in order to choose the right profession?

(student responses) * interest; * inclinations and abilities;

* the needs of society in personnel; * health.

Which of these conditions is the most important? Why?

Leading: Time will pass imperceptibly, and you will be graduates. In the future, you want to become cooks, hairdressers, drivers, seamstresses, etc. These are professions that people need.

What do you think, what, first of all, a person should be in order to benefit both himself and the people around him?(Healthy).

Let's talk about how a person's health affects the choice of his future profession. But first, we will choose the professions that we will talk about today. I propose to host the game“Learn the profession”.I will list the subjects, and you have to guess what profession we are talking about:

Needle, thread, sewing machine (seamstress)
- hammer, nails, boots (shoemaker)
- hammer, plane, saw (joiner)

So, the professions have been chosen. (Each group is given a piece of paper)

In 2-3 minutes you have to decide what requirements these professions have on human health and write down on a sheet.

We will carry out “Auction of your opinions”.

Think and tell me, how do you understand what it means to be a healthy person?

I believe that in order to be a healthy person, a person, first of all, should smile more, support himself and the people around him in a good mood.

What do you think? But first, let's remember the components of health. (proper nutrition, eating vitamins, ………… as well as exercising) .

Well, tell me, how does physical education affect human health?

Will tell us about itphysical education teacher:

Teacher: Physical culture has a healing and preventive effect, which is extremely important, since today the number of people with various diseases is constantly growing. Physical education must be practiced from childhood to old age. Thanks to physical education lessons, we can maintain and strengthen our health, which is an integral part of human life. At the same time, the moment of choosing the degree of stress on the body is very important, an individual approach is needed here. Through physical exercise, we can keep ourselves in good shape; immunity increases and a person is less prone to colds; the body's resistance to stress increases.

Leading: Guys, that's why you need to go in for sports and, first of all, always monitor your posture. What health problems can you experience while working if you have poor posture? (back, neck will hurt, it will be impossible for a seamstress to sit at a typewriter for a long time, for a hairdresser and a cook to stand).

Doctor: You also need to protect your eyesight. Indeed, the eyes must be treated with care, as they are very sensitive and poorly protected. What problems do you think can arise if you do not protect your eyesight? (The seamstress will not be able to thread the needle; the hairdresser will make the wrong haircut, the chef will cut his hands, the florist will make a crooked flower bed).

Leading: Well done! Guys, think about what else can badly affect human health?(bad habits: smoking, alcohol, drugs)

Doctor: The most toxic substance for the body is nicotine. It is nicotine that inflicts devastating blows on the health of a person, especially a young one. And first of all, the vessels of the brain suffer, the blood enters the brain less, and with it the oxygen. Internal organs of a person suffer from smoking, alcohol, drugs: stomach, heart, liver. Students lose interest in learning, memory is lost. The person becomes angry, nervous, cruel.

Leading: Look, it turns out that in order for a person to maintain his health, not to get sick, he must lead a healthy lifestyle, go in for sports.

But what qualities, abilities, knowledge, state of health do you need to have when choosing this or that profession?

EXERCISE: Now all classes will receive cards with five pairs of professions.

Your task: Determine what is common for these pairs of professions?

NURSE - TURNER
WAITER - TAXI DRIVER
DESIGN ENGINEER - COMPOSER
SELLER - TRAINER
LIVESTOCK BREEDER - GARDENER

While the children are getting ready, the teacher attaches to the board a sheet of paper with an unfinished phrase: "TO BE A PROFESSIONAL ..." and below - a blank sheet of paper, where he will write down everything said by the children.

Leading: Look, it turns out that in order to be a professional in your field, you must have the following qualities: (reads from the blackboard the entire phrase that turned out after the classes expressed their opinions, comparing pairs of professions from the assignment).

If labor activity corresponds to the physical capabilities of a person, then it has a beneficial effect on the general state of health. And vice versa, an incorrectly chosen profession can lead to its sharp deterioration, decrease in working capacity, and sometimes even to its complete loss.

And now let's give the floor to our guest, a graduate of our school, who has already made his choice in the world of professions, and as I think he is satisfied with his choice - Grishaev Sergey. (Speech by guests 3 minutes). EXERCISE: Each class is given a set of cards with the name of the profession, general characteristics, requirements for individual characteristics, medical contraindications, and training requirements. You need to choose one profession and for this profession draw up a project (on an album sheet), where you need to answer the following questions:

1. The name of the profession.

2. Characteristics of professions (what does a person do, what does he do). Draw objects of labor.

3. List the qualities that a person in this profession should possess.

4. List medical contraindications.

5. An educational institution where you can get a profession.

(5 minutes are allowed for work. Each class then defends their project.)

Leading: Some professions and specialties are subject to the daily impact on the human body of the so-called occupational and production factors.... Question : List what occupational and production factors do you know? (Students' answers: temperature changes, high humidity, noise, vibration, exposure to toxic substances, dust).

Different professions have different requirements for the state of human health. (Then the teacher goes on to talk about the groups of professions for medical contraindications).

According to their influence on the human body, all professions and specialties can be conditionally divided into six groups:

The first group includes professions that do not have unfavorable production factors.

This is a large group of professions such as:industrial goods seller, computer operator, manager, fashion designer.They can be recommended to almost all persons who have a tendency and ability to them.

Professions of the second group are distinguished by not constant or moderate impact of any unfavorable production factor., for example, high or low air temperature, humidity. Professions of this group (chef, grocery store seller, etc.) can be recommended only for those who have well-developed thermoregulation, have no diseases of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs and a tendency to colds.

The third group includes such professions and specialties, which are characterized by the impact of not one, but several unfavorable production factors.Therefore, even if the impact of each of the factors is insignificant, it is enhanced by their interaction. These professions include weaver (high air temperature, dustiness, intense constant noise), printer (dustiness, intense constant noise). These professions cannot be recommended to persons with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, hearing organs. The permissible norms for deviations from the general normal physical condition are much higher here than in the second group.

The fourth group includes professions and specialties with difficult and harmful working conditions, for example: steelmaker, miner, chemical production operator, diverand others. Only persons who have reached the age of 18 are allowed to work on them. These professions place high demands on the physical condition of the body.

The fifth group consists of professions and specialties, the activity in which takes place most often in normal conditions. But the objects of labor require a particularly careful attitude on the part of the worker.So, in order to exclude the possibility of infection of children, food, etc., bacilli carriers or people with chronic infectious diseases are not allowed to come into contact with them. This applies equally to professions such askindergarten teacher, cook, pastry chef, pharmacist, etc..

The sixth group - these are professions and specialties that require increased intensity of the work of certain bodies.And if these organs are not hardy and healthy enough in a person, then such production activity is contraindicated for him. For example, in case of violation of the organs of vision -draftsman, watch assembler, embroiderer, chip collector; hearing organs -stenographer, car mechanic; organs of smell - cook, etc.

Attention to your health when choosing a profession will guarantee that you will become a good specialist in the future.

Leading: Today we have sorted out such a serious issue as how health affects the choice of a profession. Today we have found out that in order for a person to maintain his health, not to get sick, he must lead a healthy lifestyle: go in for sports, forget about his bad habits, combine work and leisure, outdoor recreation, love people, not get nervous on trifles, to relate to life easier and more calmly. Then you will be healthy.

Leading: In conclusion, I would like to tell you guys the following. A true professional takes good care of his tool, be it a computer, scalpel, camera or lathe. Our body is more than a tool. And most importantly, it is given to us once and for life. Your health is one of the factors for a successful professional career. Everything is in your hands: your health and your future career. Remember: every achievement once seemed impossible!

And I want to end our meeting of the club with this poem.

Fate prepares thousands of paths
Stores hundreds of riddles in stock.
What it will be - your path
You have to prove it.
Choose which path for yourself -
You won't know until the door opens.
Man try to walk the path
Believe in yourself, believe in victory.

I wish you great success in your studies, I want your dreams to come true. Thank you for your work! All the best to you, see you next time in our club!

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One of the most common mistakes in choosing a profession is ignorance, overestimation or underestimation of one's physical data and state of health. The correct choice of profession is primarily associated with taking into account the state of health. If labor activity corresponds to the physical capabilities of a person, then it has a beneficial effect on his general condition. And vice versa, if the profession, specialty does not correspond to his physical data, this can lead to a sharp deterioration in health, a decrease in working capacity, and sometimes to its complete loss. Mistake when choosing a profession

Sociological studies in 2012 showed that 75% of graduates of Moscow schools have chronic diseases, 20% of high school students were going to choose a profession that, as it turned out, was completely unsuitable for them for health reasons. Only 7% of the respondents, when choosing a profession, took into account the state of their health. Sociological research

1. Nervous tension, worries 2. Improper nutrition, eating disorders 3. Sedentary lifestyle 4. Increased load on the brain 5. Visual loads, long-term work at the computer What aggravates the health of students at school

Science has proven that only correctly selected work, corresponding to the capabilities of the body, does not disrupt the normal development and health of a young person, while a profession that does not correspond to physical development and health can cause significant damage to a growing body. Proven !!!

Motor: coordination of movements, strength and muscular endurance; analytical: vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste; neuropsychic: strength, mobility, balance of the nervous system; intellectual: the properties of thinking, attention and memory. Almost all professions have their own requirements for human health. All these requirements can be conditionally divided into four groups:

Living conditions; (industrial seller, manager, fashion designer) moderate or intermittent adverse impact; (cook, seller of vegetables and fruits) simultaneous impact of several adverse factors; (weaver, printer) difficult and hazardous working conditions (steelmaker, miner, diver) According to working conditions that are significant from the point of view of maintaining health, professions can be divided into four groups:

Professions in which there are no adverse factors. Professions with the influence of any unfavorable factor. Professions with the impact of several adverse factors. Professions with difficult and hazardous working conditions. Professions where the subject of labor requires a particularly careful attitude on the part of the employee. Professions requiring increased stress on certain organs. Groups of professions according to medical indications

Technology lesson for grade 8 "Health and career choice."

Target: to form students' knowledge about the impact of health on the choice of profession and the limitations of professional suitability for various diseases.

Learning objectives:

Give a definition to the concept of "health".

To acquaint with the classification of professions according to the influence of unfavorable production factors on the human body.

To acquaint with the limitations of professional suitability for various diseases.

To form the ability to choose a profession, taking into account the state of health.

Development objectives:

Develop individual and small group skills.

Develop discussion skills.

Educational tasks:

Foster a sense of responsibility for making decisions and choosing your own professional path.

Formation of UUD:

Personal:

Formation of educational and cognitive motivation.

Formation of readiness to choose the direction of vocational education.

Regulatory:

Formation of goal-setting and reflection skills.

Cognitive:

Formation of skills of analysis and introspection.

Formation of skills for classifying phenomena according to a specific criterion.

Communicative:

Formation of skills for educational cooperation.

Forms and methods of teaching: conversation, role play, exercise, practical work.

Didactic support of the lesson: presentation, table "Restriction of professional suitability for various diseases" (Appendix 1), cards (Appendix 2), workbooks.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Updating previous knowledge.

What is professional suitability?

What degrees of aptitude do you know?

Can a person be absolutely unsuitable professionally?

Motivation.

Consider the following situation.

Two former classmates met: Alena and Irina. At school, both studied well, graduated from art school, participated and won in various creative competitions. After leaving school, Alina became a computer designer, and Irina became a hairdresser. High salary, successful career. But what are the girls worried about? Let's listen.

– Alena, what a pleasant meeting!

– Hello Irina, I am very glad to see you!

Q: How are you? How's your work? You have beautiful glasses!

A: The work is very interesting, the salary has been increased, the boss instructs all important orders. But my eyes began to get very tired - all day at the computer, my eyesight fell. I didn’t wear glasses at school, I was shy, and now I don’t take them off. The doctor advised me to change jobs. I do not know what to do?

Q: And I have problems with work.

A: Are the clients moody?

Q: The clients are all right. Work - all day on my feet. During the day you run so much that in the evening your legs are buzzing, your lower back reduces. So much for children's scoliosis. I was treated, only the doctor says that drugs alone will not help. Also recommended to change jobs. I thought, looked and found something. I'll get settled - I'll tell you. And I advise you to think about another job! Bye.

A: Bye-bye.

Why did the girls have such problems?

What did they fail to take into account when choosing a profession?

Today we will try to figure it out. Write the lesson topic in a notebook.

Lesson topic: "Health and career choice."

Goal setting.

Try to formulate your goals for the lesson. What can you learn, what can you learn?

Formation of new knowledge and skills.

What is health? What kind of person can be called healthy?

The most widely accepted definition of health was given in the Charter of the World Health Organization back in 1946: "Health is a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects."

There are four health components. To determine the content of each of the components, I propose to perform a correlation exercise (card "Health Components", Appendix 1).

Health components:

somatic health - functioning of organs and systems of the body: respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory, endocrine, etc.

physical health - a person's ability to exercise;

mental (mental) health - orientation in space and time; control of their behavior; the frequency and intensity of general positive emotions;

social health - the frequency of communication with friends, close people, i.e. the quantity and quality of social connections.

Concepts person, health, profession are closely interconnected. There are three options:

Human health: the state of human health allows to perform labor functions corresponding to a certain profession.

Profession - health: unfavorable occupational and production factors (NPPF) accompanying a certain profession can lead to a sharp deterioration in health, a decrease in working capacity, and sometimes to its complete loss.

Human - profession: success in work is one of the sources of positive emotions and self-confidence, an important condition for mental health.

Let's consider each option. Write down the basic concepts in a notebook.

Man is health.

The correct choice of profession is primarily associated with taking into account the state of health. To prevent serious mistakes, it is necessary to know contraindications for health reasons. You will find them in a special table in the folders on your desks (table "Limitation of professional suitability for various diseases", Appendix 2).

Let's consider several cases in detail.

For example, many adolescents have diseases of the digestive system. Determine from the table the factors that can lead to a deterioration in health with these diseases. What professions are suitable for people with these conditions?

Name the unfavorable occupational factors that must be taken into account in diseases of the organs of vision.

If you do choose a profession related to eye strain, then you need to do visual gymnastics. For example, this one.

The profession is health.

According to their influence on the human body, all professions and specialties can be conditionally divided into six groups.

First group includes professions in the working conditions of which completely there are no NPPFs. There are many such professions: a seller of industrial goods, a manager, a fashion designer, etc. These professions and specialties can be recommended to all persons who have aptitude and abilities for them.

Professions second group(for example, a cook, a seller of vegetables and fruits) intermittent or moderate exposure to any one NPPF. The work of such specialists is associated with temporary adverse effects on the human body, for example, high or low air temperature, humidity. Consequently, these professions can be recommended only for those who do not have diseases of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs, and also do not have a tendency to colds.

Third group includes professions and specialties, which are characterized by the impact of not one, but several NPPF. Therefore, even if the impact of each of them is insignificant, it is enhanced by their interaction. Such professions include a weaver (high air temperature, dustiness, intense constant noise), a printing house worker (dusty air, constant noise). This means that people with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, hearing organs, these professions cannot be recommended.

TO fourth group include professions and specialties with difficult and harmful working conditions, for example, a steel-maker, a miner, an apparatchik of a chemical production, a diver, etc. Only persons who have reached the age of 18 are allowed to such work.

Fifth group- these are professions and specialties associated with activities that take place most often under normal conditions, but objects of labor require a particularly careful attitude on the part of workers, among whom there should be no bacilli carriers or persons with chronic infectious diseases. This applies equally to such professions as kindergarten teacher, cook, pastry chef, pharmacist, etc.

Sixth group Are professions and specialties that require increased tension of certain organs. And if they are not hardy and healthy in a person, then such types of production activities are contraindicated for him. For example, in case of violation of the organs of vision, the professions of a computer operator, an assembler of watches, microcircuits, an embroiderer are contraindicated; organs of hearing - stenographer, sound engineer; organs of smell - a cook, a perfumer, etc.

This information must be guided in order to prevent a serious mistake when choosing a profession and to reorient in time. It is best to get medical advice in advance, as only a specialist doctor can give a qualified opinion on professional suitability.

Dynamic pause.

Many professions involve a seated working position. But even sitting at a table, you can do some exercises that will help relieve stress and restore performance.

Hands on the belt, shoulders unfolded, raise the heels without lifting your toes off the floor.

Raise your hand through the side, behind your head, reach the opposite ear. Then to the starting position. The same with the other hand.

Sliding our hands along the back legs of the chair, we bend one side or the other smoothly, not sharply, as much as possible.

Turns the body back. Grasp the back of the chair with both hands on one side, then hands on your knees. And on the other hand, as far as possible, we turn the body.

Head tilts to one shoulder and to the other. Smoothly, not abruptly, we stretch the neck muscles.

Spread your arms to the sides - inhale. As you exhale, hug yourself tighter.
Brushes to the shoulders. Circular motion forward and backward.

Brushes in the castle. Stretch forward from yourself, straightening your arms at the elbows. Then back to yourself, relax.

Man is a profession.

Health problems can complicate professional activities, but unloved work can also lead a person to a nervous breakdown, psychosomatic illnesses, loss of interest in life, unless, of course, a person has other values besides career and material well-being. Therefore, work should bring joy, pleasure, positive emotions, which is an important condition for mental health.

The method "Vegetative lability" will help you indirectly to assess the state of your mental health. Vegetative lability is the body's ability to adequately respond to unusual environmental influences.

Read the statements and consider how similar they are to your own feelings. Mark matches with +.

In the morning it is difficult for me to get up on time, I do not feel cheerful.

I find it difficult to concentrate when I get to work.

When something upsets me or when I am afraid of something, then an unpleasant feeling arises in my stomach.

In the morning I limit myself to just a cup of tea or coffee.

I get cold a lot.

When I have to stand for a long time, I feel like leaning on something.

I feel dizzy or dark in my eyes when I bend too sharply.

I feel uncomfortable when I am at a high altitude or indoors.

I often have headaches.

When I need to concentrate, I can swing my leg, bite my nails, draw something, etc.

I usually use the elevator because it is difficult for me to climb the stairs.

When I speak in public, my heart rate increases, my throat gets caught, my hands sweat.

Sitting motionless in one place, sleep overwhelms me.

I know what it means to blush to the roots of your hair.

Certain events made me nauseous or lack of appetite.

The more “no” (0 - 6), the less reason you have to worry about your health. More than half of the positive answers (7 - 9) are a signal of trouble. Pay attention to your lifestyle, work and rest schedule.

If more than 10 statements talk about sensations that are familiar to you, you should pay attention to how you are feeling. If you intend to choose a job related to chronic neuro-emotional and physical stress, you should consult your doctor.

Thus, we examined the relationship of concepts such as a person, health, profession, as well as all components of the choice of a profession, taking into account the state of health and possible medical contraindications.

Primary consolidation of knowledge.

Work on cards. Let's check how well you understand the matter of choosing a profession, taking into account health conditions. I propose to complete the task to establish the relationships of the considered concepts. Add your explanations on the cards (Appendix 3).

Summarizing.

And what did our heroines decide?

A: Hello!

And hi! How are you? You promised to tell me if you succeed with your new job. Tell me!

A: Everything worked out! I changed my place of work, but remained a designer. Only now I am a landscape designer. I sit at the computer less, often work outdoors - my eyes are resting. And how are you? What changed?

I: I thought about our conversation for a long time and decided to look for something too. And I found it! I had never even heard of such a profession, but now I just can't imagine life without it.

A: What is this profession?

I: The profession is called postmaster! I do wigs, mustaches, beards, haircuts, styling. Very interesting job! The same hairdresser, but I work while sitting, my legs practically do not hurt, there is time to take care of my health.

A: I'm very happy for you! I think you and I did everything right.

I: I wish you success in your new place!

A: Bye!

Do you think the girls did the right thing? Did they take into account their state of health this time? Will they be able to make a good career now?

Reflection.

It was interesting…

I found out…

It was difficult…

I was surprised ...

It seemed important to me ...

Now I can ...

I understand that…

I will try…

Homework.

Identify possible contraindications for your profession. Write a message on the topic "Health and my future profession."

Optional: write your reasoning about the following statements:

Do not hunch over, take care of your skeleton - this is all that remains of us.

You need to take care of yourself, otherwise others will take care of you.

Train your memory to remember what you have already forgotten.

If you do not run while you are healthy, you will have to run when you get sick.

List of information sources:

Your Professional Career: A Study Guide. Ed. S. N. Chistyakova. - M: Education, 2005.

Annex 1.

Health Components card.

Connect concepts and definitions with arrows.

Somatic health

Orientation in space and time; control of their behavior; frequency and intensity of general positive emotions.

Social health

A person's ability to exercise.

Mental (mental) health

Functioning of organs and body systems: respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory, endocrine, etc.

Physical health

Frequency of communication with friends, close people, i.e. the quantity and quality of social connections.

Appendix 2.

Restriction of professional suitability for various diseases.

Diseases

Unfavorable production factors

Organs of vision

Works requiring particularly high precision, eye strain, wearing protective glasses, significant physical stress, body being in an inclined position

Salesman, bartender, poultry operator, gardener,

auto repairman

Organs of hearing

Work that requires good hearing and communication with people, hearing strain, and associated with significant noise and vibration

Draftsman, embroiderer,

seamstress-minder,

shoemaker, florist,

photographer, pastry chef

Leather

Contact with toxic and skin irritating substances, dustiness; unfavorable microclimate; constant moisturizing and pollution, hand cooling

Computer's operator,

collector of watches, semiconductors,

design engineer

Musculoskeletal system

Prolonged standing, climbing and descending stairs, tense working posture, significant physical stress (lifting and carrying weights), work at height, with moving mechanisms

Chip assembler, telegraph operator,

seamstress

Respiratory system

Unfavorable microclimate, gas pollution, dustiness; contact with toxic substances; significant physical stress, all types of radiation

Checker-cashier,

florist,

numerical control machine operator, communications operator,

photographer

Cardiovascular system

Significant physical stress; unfavorable microclimate; contact with toxic substances; work at height with moving machinery, noise, vibration

Radio mechanic,

tailor,

secretary-assistant, beekeeper

Digestive organs

Contact with toxic substances; significant physical and nervous tension; work associated with a violation of the diet; forced working posture, prescribed pace of work and inability to comply with the diet

Collector

designer

Kidneys and urinary tract

Unfavorable microclimate; contact with toxic substances; forced working posture; work associated with a violation of the diet, vibration

Collector

semiconductors, computer operator,

car repair mechanic,

designer

Nervous system

Nervous and emotional stress; noise and vibration; unfavorable microclimate; contact with toxic substances, especially neuroparalytic effects; work associated with an increased risk of injury

Wood carver, cutter,

carpenter

Appendix 3.

Establish the relationship of concepts man - health - profession.

G.V. Rezapkina, Moscow, "Genesis", 2007, 140 p.)

“In order for people to find happiness in their work, three conditions are necessary: the work must be within their power, it must not be exhausting, and it must necessarily be accompanied by success,” noted the English writer J. Ruskin.

The need for work for a normal person is as natural as the need for food and rest. Overwork or idleness is as bad for your health as too much or too little sleep and food. Illness can also be provoked by an unloved job.

Despite all the achievements of civilization, doctors note the growth of neuropsychic diseases, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, etc. Very often these diseases are professionally determined. Entrepreneurs, managers, administrators, executives most often experience stressful situations caused by the need to make decisions and take responsibility, heightened competition and fear of losing their status. A special risk group is made up of people with an overestimated level of aspiration - those who seek to take a place that does not correspond to their capabilities.

Almost all professions have their own requirements for human health. All these requirements can be conditionally divided into four groups:

motor : coordination of movements, strength and muscular endurance;
analyzer : sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste;
neuropsychic : strength, mobility, balance of the nervous system;
intellectual : properties of thinking, attention and memory.

Many professions make increased demands on human health, because they can be associated with significant eye strain (operator, watchmaker, jeweler), prolonged standing (salesman, dentist, hairdresser), high neuropsychic stress (teacher, administrator). Some professions require a special selection (professional selection), which includes determining the fitness of a candidate for health reasons, determining aptitude on the basis of a socio-psychological and psychophysiological study of the candidate's personality. Professional selection of applicants is carried out by many military educational institutions, institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSB and other federal services.

Choosing a profession, you need to think about how it will affect your health: will it cause an exacerbation of existing chronic diseases or the emergence of new ones?

More details about medical contraindications to work and vocational training of adolescents can be found in reference books prepared by the Research Institute of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents of the Ministry of Health, which contains more than 1400 professions that can be obtained in vocational schools (vocational schools, technical schools, universities).

According to working conditions that are significant from the point of view of maintaining health, professions can be divided into four groups:

living conditions;
moderate or intermittent adverse effects;
simultaneous exposure to several adverse factors;
difficult and harmful working conditions.

Medical restrictions of professional suitability

Diseases	Contraindicated occupational factors
Respiratory organs	Unfavorable microclimate, gas pollution, dustiness, contact with toxic substances, significant physical stress.
Of cardio-vascular system	Significant physical stress, unfavorable microclimate, contact with toxic substances, work at height with moving mechanisms.
Organs of vision	Working with small parts, considerable physical stress, dustiness.
Nervous system	Nervous and emotional stress, noise and vibration, unfavorable microclimate, contact with toxic substances.
Musculoskeletal system	Static working posture, significant physical stress (lifting and carrying weights), work at height with moving mechanisms.
Digestive organs	Contact with toxic substances, significant physical and nervous tension, a working posture associated with tension in the abdominal muscles, in violation of the diet.
Kidney and urinary tract	Unfavorable microclimate, contact with toxic substances, forced working posture, work associated with a violation of the diet.

German doctors drew attention to a strange phenomenon: the flu epidemic, which covers the population in December, does not affect the postmen. Why? Because they have no time to get sick: on the eve of Christmas and New Year's, the post office can hardly cope with the flow of congratulatory letters and telegrams.

Human behavior can be directed either towards self-destruction or self-preservation. Many scientists have noted the connection between human health and his emotions and character. Envy, anger and irritation take more lives than epidemics. The remnants of health are taken away by bad habits - alcoholism, smoking, laziness and gluttony, characteristic of people who are weak and weak-willed. Habits are formed in childhood, so at an older age, it takes considerable effort to get rid of those that will interfere with your whole life and form those that will help you stay healthy and achieve success.

The Vegetative Lability Questionnaire, compiled by Czech psychologists and tested at the Research Institute of Hygiene and Prevention of Diseases of Children, Adolescents and Youth of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, will help you to indirectly assess your health.

Vegetative lability is the body's ability to adequately respond to unusual environmental influences.

Read the statements and consider how similar they are to your own feelings:

1. In the morning it is difficult for me to get up on time, I do not feel cheerful. 2. I find it difficult to concentrate when I get to work. 3. When something upset me or when I am afraid of something, an unpleasant feeling arises in my stomach. 4. In the morning I limit myself to just a cup of tea or coffee. 5. I am often cold. 6. When I have to stand for a long time, I want to lean on something. 7. When I bend too sharply, my head turns or darkens in my eyes. 8. I feel uncomfortable when I am at a high altitude or indoors. 9. I often have headaches. 10. When I need to concentrate, I can swing my leg, bite my nails, draw something, etc. 11. I usually use the elevator because it is difficult for me to climb the stairs. 12. When speaking in public, my heart rate increases, my throat gets caught, my hands sweat. 13. When sitting motionless in one place, sleep overwhelms me. 14. I know what it means to blush to the roots of your hair. 15. Certain events have made me feel nauseous or have no appetite.

The more “no,” the less you have to worry about your health. More than half of the positive answers are a signal of trouble. Pay attention to your lifestyle, work and rest schedule.

If more than ten statements refer to sensations that are familiar to you, you should pay attention to how you are feeling. If you intend to choose a job related to chronic neuro-emotional and physical stress, you should consult your doctor.

Ten steps of self-confidence

Admit your strengths and weaknesses to yourself and formulate accordingly what you want out of life.
Never talk bad about yourself, others will do it for you.
Allow yourself to relax, listen to your thoughts, do what you like.
Your friends and family also feel insecure. Try to help them.
Set two or three main goals for yourself in life.
Think about what intermediate goals you need to achieve in order to achieve the main goals.
Decide what needs to be done to achieve them and follow through with your decision.
Rejoice in every success you make on the way to these goals, and praise yourself.
Remember that you are the embodiment of your parents' hopes, you are the image and likeness of God, you are the creator of your life.
If you are confident in yourself, then the obstacle will become a challenge for you, and the challenge prompts you to action.

A true professional takes good care of his instrument, be it a computer, scalpel, camera or machine. Our body is more than a tool. And most importantly, it is given to us once for a lifetime. Your health is one of the factors for a successful professional career.

Even a cursory acquaintance with the world of professions convinces us that not only a person makes his requirements for future work, but the work also dictates its conditions to that.

Galina Rezapkina

Requires better health than you have; in the future, work may provoke the onset of a disease or exacerbation of an existing one.

Let's say a visually impaired person becomes accountant or proofreader... In the future, a significant load on the eyes, the need to scrupulously read a huge number of texts, look for errors or check balances and reports can lead to the progression of myopia. Also, such people should not plan to drive vehicles. After all, not a single medical examination of drivers will be passed if you have poor eyesight.

There may be different contraindications to adjacent professions, and to dissimilar ones - just general ones.

For example, among pharmacists there should be no bacilli carriers or persons with chronic infectious diseases. And people who have tremors (hand tremors) are unlikely to become surgeons... AND - account managers too. By the way, the profession of a manager, which is popular today, is not suitable for everyone. The ability to convince others that you are right, to convey to them the ideas of the company directly depends on how well you master public speaking, including whether you have speech defects. Bad diction is also undesirable for the humanities in general: they have to interact with people.

However, even if your health does not quite correspond to the chosen path, this does not mean that you should immediately give up on your dreams. It is necessary to weigh the pros and cons, to think whether it is possible to overcome the difficulties that have arisen. Signing up for a speech therapist is real.

There are also a huge number of specialties where you can perfectly fit in with a specific disability in your health. One of the domestic animators, who painted many of the beloved cartoon characters, suffers from color blindness (this is such a disease when a person sees colors incorrectly). In addition, there are health problems that are quite difficult to solve: chronic ailments do not respond quickly to treatment, and there are almost no healthy school leavers left now.

Many professions are characterized by periodic or constant exposure to the human body of one or more adverse factors - high noise, voltage, extreme conditions, uncomfortable weather conditions, etc.

Some of you dream to be directors of show programs, DJs- however, music blaring from speakers dampens hearing. Chemicals will have negative health effects agronomist or zootechnics, medical contraindications to this type of activity are allergic reactions to pesticides and fertilizers, in particular eczema and other skin diseases - as well as chronic bronchitis. Unfavorable factor at work geologist- uncomfortable weather conditions, so he needs resistance to colds. And not everyone can be an office worker. What is it like to endure a forced working position all day! If you sit at the computer all day, watch how it affects the condition of your thyroid gland. When it is not ideal, it is better to give up the specialty of the programmer and prefer some other.

The alternative is to be in great nervous tension every day while working actor, director, doctor, teacher, investigator, manager... There is a high risk of psychosomatic disorders and subsequent neuroses, heart disease, and nervous exhaustion. If you want to acquire one of the above-mentioned specialties, you should think carefully about whether any extreme situation will be able to piss you off. Do you often worry or worry about trifles? And, if so, then perhaps it is worth trying to realize yourself in another field.

It is practically harmless to health to be a fashion designer, costume designer: there are almost no unfavorable production factors here.

And the manager, on the contrary, is obliged not only to solve “minor” problems of the company on a daily basis, but also to be able to find a way out of a crisis situation when the collapse of the company is inevitable. If supplies are disrupted, the demand for some product has dropped, the task of a professional is to overcome these difficulties as soon as possible. A busy schedule, irregular working hours dictate very high requirements for the state of his health - he should not have neuropsychiatric or cardiovascular diseases.

Who to contact for advice? To a consultant at the employment center: he has descriptions of professions - professiograms, there are listed contraindications for specific specialties. You can study these documents yourself (printouts with them are usually freely available in such centers).

If you suffer from any serious illness, this factor should be one of the priorities when choosing a profession. A professional consultant will help you find the most acceptable specialties for this indicator, from which you can then choose the one that is interesting to you, matches your abilities, is in demand in the labor market, etc.

Your second ally is a doctor.

Which specialties are suitable and which are not suitable for specific diseases?

Children with epilepsy can become fashion designers, retouchers, draftsmen and others. However, they are contraindicated to work in adverse weather conditions or associated with toxic substances.

Unfortunately, a large number of high school students today suffer from gastritis and ulcers. If they are available, it is better not to choose professions associated with frequent business trips, physical and nervous stress. Do not become reporters and correspondents, because in this case it will be difficult for you to follow your diet. The same remark applies to diabetics.

Teenagers with thyroid disorders - thyrotoxicosis are not suitable for construction, shipbuilding, but professions will be a good choice for them doctor, economist, librarian, art critic

Perhaps among those who read this article there are patients with logoneurosis, or speech neurosis (manifested in stuttering). Nervous tension and industrial noise are contraindicated for you. In universities, you can master any specialty, except for pedagogy, law, some specialties of health care and art.

For children with flat feet, it is better not to go to expeditionary conditions or to trade or fish shipping companies.

Having chronic laryngitis - inflammation of the larynx - do not choose a specialty that requires voice tension (for example, a teacher or an announcer), and also involves a constant presence in unfavorable meteorological conditions (cold, humid air, sudden temperature changes).

As for skin diseases, it is highly undesirable for those suffering from psoriasis to specialize in chemistry, mining, exploration and metallurgy, technologies for the production of food products and most consumer goods. But you can calmly master instrument making, electrical instrument making, economics.

With nephritis (kidney disease), work in contact with chemicals is contraindicated, as well as requiring a long stay on your feet, systematic use of city transport or long business trips. The rest of the professions - please.

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