Career guidance presentation for high school students. Presentation on career guidance presentation for the lesson (grade 9) on the topic. "Interlocutors" - professions that are always needed
The purpose of career guidance:
- actualize the professional self-determination of students by a special organization of their activities, including
- gaining knowledge about yourself,
- about the world of professional labor,
- and their correlation in the process of professional trials.
- to increase the level of psychological competence of students, equipping them with relevant knowledge and skills, expanding the boundaries of self-perception, awakening the need for self-improvement;
- to form positive attitude towards oneself,
- awareness of one’s personality,
- confidence in your strength in relation to self-realization in a future professional career.
- The essence of professional self-determination.
- Psychological classification of professions.
- The specifics of career guidance assistance to high school students.
- Methods for the diagnosis of professional orientation.
- Drawing up a creative project “My life plans and professional career”
- Professional self-determination is the process of forming a person’s attitude to himself as a subject of future professional activity, which in the future will help a person adapt in a market economy.
- A. Maslow believes that self-actualization manifests itself “through dedication to significant work”
- K. Jaspers connects self-realization with the “deed” that makes a person.
- S. Kon says that self-realization is manifested through work, work, communication.
- PG Shchedrovitsky notes that “the meaning of self-determination” is in a person’s ability to build himself, his individual history, in the ability to constantly rethink his own essence. ”
- To choose a profession, the student must clear view
- about myself
- their abilities, temperament,
- skills
- interests
- claims
- restrictions and their reasons,
- advantages, opportunities and prospects in various professional fields.
- Professional self-determination - independent determination of the choice of a profession, building a professional plan and its implementation.
- “The ability to make professional choices, taking into account own resources and available information; desire to obtain new information and plan a professional career; taking into account the maturity of interests, realism of preferences and in accordance with abilities - this is professional maturity
- In the world there are more than 40 thousand professions. The world of professions is extremely dynamic and volatile. About 500 new professions appear annually, many professions today "live" for only 5-15 years, then either "die" or change beyond recognition.
- A feature of the modern world of professions is that monoprofessionalism is being replaced by polyprofessionalism. This means that a person should strive to master not only one profession, but several related ones. Yes, and the person himself throughout life, changing, may show a desire to change his profession or qualification.
- Thus, a person during his life will have to relearn, engage in self-education, self-education.
- Professional formula
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- Introspection.
- Collection and evaluation of information.
- Decision making and goal achievement planning.
- We discover within ourselves the true causes of our professional aspirations and appropriately evaluate them by correctly formulating our desires - “I am saying”:
- "I'm going to..",
- "I see my professional goal in ...",
- "I can succeed in ...",
- "I am convinced that I want ...",
- “I have what is required for ...”,
- “I’m good to be ...”
- "I'm dreaming…",
- "My success is connected ..."
- Having formulated "I utterances", you can answer yourself three questions:
- Are my desires related to my proposed places of work or study?
- Are there any other opportunities for a professional career, other places of work or study that correspond to my desires?
- Am I well informed about how my needs will be satisfied in those places of work or study that I previously selected?
- About professions and labor content
- About features
- employment
- About the prospects
- About training
- About enterprises
- Main sources of information:
- Media;
- Books and reference books on professions and places of study;
- Organizations and firms involved in the selection of personnel and career guidance;
- Personal contacts with competent people;
- Internet resources.
- Define a goal.
- Identify the means
- Work out options
- Assess the possibility of failure for each option
- Make a decision
- Discuss it with an authoritative person for you
- Make the final decision
- Ten steps to the goal:
- What are the main stages of achieving the goal.
- Determine what time each stage will take.
- What specific steps are needed?
- What additional training is needed?
- How long will it take?
- Determine the period when you will begin to act?
- What will you do first?
- What are you counting on?
- What do you need for effective actions: information, personal meeting, help of other people, self-confidence, time, documents and photos, money, “external push”, knowledge of laws, appropriate appearance, something else?
- Decide what you will do next: in case of success, in case of failure.
- "Want"
- Personal goals and values
- (professional interests and
- inclinations)
- "I can"
- The problem of human capabilities
- (physiological, mental)
- "It is necessary"
- Labor market needs
- (ways and means to achieve the goal)
- 1. Ignorance of the world of professions
- 2. Ignorance of myself
- 3. Ignorance of the rules for choosing a profession
- Almost all professions are constantly changing their previous appearance, often the old name hides a completely new character of work.
- Prejudice regarding the prestige of the profession, focus on the profession of higher qualification (manager, diplomat, translator).
- Passion only on the outside of the profession (for example, a person wants to become a lawyer because he is watching detective stories).
- Inability to understand oneself, one’s actual inclinations, inadequate assessment of one’s abilities;
- Underestimation of one’s physical abilities, state of one’s health when choosing a profession;
- Inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession.
- Identification of a subject with a profession (“I am fond of geography - I will become a geologist”);
- Transfer of attitude to a person into a profession (“I will be an accountant as a mother”);
- The choice of profession for the "company" - an unconscious fear of parting with the familiar environment.
- We answer the following questions:
- What level of education can I count on (higher, secondary, special, courses or something else), taking into account my school performance and intellectual abilities?
- What should be the content of the profession to make it interesting for me to work?
- What material remuneration do I want to receive for my work - a real minimum wage?
- What kind of lifestyle I want to lead: intense, when I have to devote work not only to working hours, or free, which allows me to give a lot of time to my family, friends and my beloved business.
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- Map of interests.
- DDO-20 E.A. Klimova "I prefer."
- Professional personality type.
- Leonhard-Schmishek questionnaire for determining accentuation.
- Eysenck's questionnaire for determining temperament
- Questionnaire G Kazantseva to determine self-esteem.
- The methodology proposed by E.A. Golomshtok is aimed at diagnosing the professional interests of a student and is widely used in the practice of career guidance for many years.
- The questionnaire consists of 90 questions.
- The methodology allows you to decide on 15 areas of activity: physics, mathematics, automotive, computer and office equipment, chemistry, biology, medicine, geography and ecology, history, philology and journalism, art, pedagogy, labor in the service sector, military affairs and the Ministry of Emergencies, law .
- Analyzing the data obtained, it is necessary to identify the areas that contain the largest number of positive answers. If among them there are several areas with the same number of positive answers, then it should be considered that the more expressed interests correspond to those that contain the least number of negative answers.
- When assessing the focus of interests, the spheres with the most positive answers as well as the spheres with the most negative answers rejected by the optant are taken into account.
- Assessment of the degree of expression of interests has five gradations: the highest degree of denial is from -12 to -6, interest is denied from -5 to -1, interest is weakly expressed from +1 to +4, expressed interest is from +5 to +7, bright expressed interest from +8 to +12.
- The methodology defines inclinations - pronounced interests. This is the desire to engage in a certain type of activity.
- The questionnaire is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bdividing all existing professions into 5 types based on the subject or object with which a person interacts in the process of her work:
- human nature
- human technician
- man-man
- human sign system
- human-artistic image.
- The highest amount received or amounts (in columns) indicate the most suitable type of profession. Small amounts indicate the types of professions that should be avoided when choosing. The maximum number in each column is 8 points.
- After determining the preferred type of profession, the search circle narrows.
- . To assess the professional personality type, the method of D. Holland is used. He developed the concept of personality to determine the social orientation of the individual and identified 6 types:
- realistic
- intellectual,
- social,
- conventional
- enterprising,
- artistic.
- The test consists of 42 pairs of professions. One profession is selected from each pair. Using the key, the answers are counted on six scales.
- For a detailed analysis and greater visibility of the professional orientation of the personality, a graph is built: on the abscissa axis there are serial numbers of scales from 1 to 6, on the ordinate axis - the number of matches on each scale
- The theoretical basis of the test is the concept of “accentuation of personalities” by K. Leongard, who believes that personality traits inherent in personality can be divided into main and additional.
- The distinguished 10 types of accentuated personalities are divided into 2 groups: character accentuations (demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable.) And temperament accentuations (hyperthymic, dysthymic, anxious, cyclothymic, exalted).
- In the case of pronounced severity, the main character traits become accentuations of character.
- After scoring, a schedule is built.
- The sum of points in the range from 15 to 19 indicates only a tendency to a particular type of accentuation. From 19 to 24 points, the character trait is accentuated.
- The questionnaire contains 60 questions. After processing the data, the scales are determined: introversion-extraversion, neuroticism and the “scale of lies”.
- In order to find out your temperament (melancholic, choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic) you need to draw the coordinate axis.
- Score for the scale of introversion (horizontal): 1-7 - significant introversion, 8-11 - moderate introversion, 12-18 - moderate extraversion, 19-24 - significant extraversion.
- Assessment for the neuroticism scale (vertical): up to 10 points - high emotional stability, 11-14 points - average emotional stability, 15-18 points - high emotional instability, 19-24 points - very high emotional instability.
- According to the "scale of lies", an indicator of 4-5 points is considered critical.
- Key for processing:
- Extraversion (E): “YES”: 1, 3, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 35, 38, 41, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57. “NO” : 6, 33, 51, 55, 59.
- Neuroticism (H): 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 , 60.
- “Scale of lies”: “YES”: 8, 16, 24, 28, s6, 44. “NO”: 4, 12, 20, 32, 40, 48.
- The individual’s outwardness, a wide circle of acquaintances, the need for contacts.
- The extrovert acts under the influence of the moment, impulsive, quick-tempered, carefree, optimistic, good-natured, cheerful.
- Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive
- Feelings and emotions do not have strict control, prone to risky actions.
- You can’t always rely on him.
- This is a calm, shy person, prone to introspection.
- Restrained and distant from everyone except loved ones.
- He plans and ponders his actions in advance.
- He does not trust sudden impulses.
- Serious about decision making.
- He loves everything in order.
- He controls his feelings, it is not easy to get him crazy.
- Pessimistic.
- Appreciates moral standards.
- Neuroticism characterizes emotional stability or emotional instability.
- Neurotism associated with indicators of lability of the nervous system
- Emotional stability is a trait that expresses the preservation of organized behavior, situational focus in ordinary and stressful situations.
- It is characterized by:
- maturity
- excellent adaptation
- lack of great tension
- anxiety
- as well as a penchant for leadership, sociability.
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- Emotional instability is expressed in extreme nervousness, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, anxiety, depressive reactions, distracted attention, instability in stressful situations.
- A high level of neuroticism corresponds to emotional impulsivity, unevenness in contacts with people, variability of interests, self-doubt, expressed sensitivity, sensitivity, and a tendency to irritability.
- A neurotic personality is characterized by inadequately strong reactions towards the stimuli that cause them. Persons with a high score on the neuroticism scale in adverse stressful situations may develop neurosis
- The scientific approach of Pavlova I.P. connects types of temperament with properties of the nervous system. Pavlov identified three basic properties: strength, poise and mobility of the nervous system.
- The strength of the nervous system means its performance, the ability to maintain arousal for a long time.
- The balance of the nervous system is the balance between excitation and inhibition.
- Motility of the nervous system - the rate of change of the excitatory process inhibitory and vice versa.
- Sanguine - a strong, balanced, mobile type of nervous system.
- Phlegmatic is a strong, balanced, inert type of nervous system.
- Choleric is a strong, unbalanced in the side of excitement, mobile type of nervous system.
- Melancholic is a weak, unbalanced, inert type of nervous system.
- They quickly get tired with high nervous stresses, are prone to fainting. Flaccidity in speech and movements. Strongly worried about insignificant occasions. Very soft, friendly, but rather spineless people. They rejoice when they manage to avoid an unpleasant conversation, although the goal is not achieved.
- Very vulnerable, sensitive, touchy, long worried about any reason, can’t work intensively, because they quickly get tired, but true friends who know how to keep other people's secrets and secrets and empathize with other people.
- The exact opposite of melancholy. Offensive character, always meet the difficulties. Any experience leads to action. They do not perceive soft remarks, and hard ones lead to rebellion. Humor is poorly perceived, especially jokes at one’s own expense. The main violators of discipline. The best way to deal with choleric is to constantly load it with work so that its energy always has a way out.
- Excitable, quick-tempered, easily go to scandal and quarrel, can say a lot of superfluous, but quickly cool down and forget insults. All emotions flow very rapidly, they can come up with something new, sort of generators of ideas, but often they don’t finish the job.
- Giants of the nervous system. Optimists. The least sick. They sleep a little. They have a huge capacity for work. Speech and movements are almost as fast as choleric ones, but feelings are not violent, quickly changing. Generally good workers. But getting sanguine people to work is difficult. He needs to be interested - then he will move the mountains.
- Active, sociable, emotional in moderation, easily make contacts and make acquaintances, quickly grasp everything, but often do not delve into the essence of the matter or problems, and their acquaintances are superficial
- Strong balanced nervous system. Feelings are constant, but not pronounced. Movement and speech are calm, measured. The response to unexpected exposure is late. In order for the phlegmatic to work well, it is necessary to “shake” him from time to time to arrange a review of his work, scold him or, conversely, praise him.
- Calm, unperturbed, think for a very long time about all the problems that arise, take a long time to do something, and do not calm down until they finish the job they have begun, they are very meticulous and thoroughly prepare for everything and prefer to get to the bottom of the matter.
- Unconscious manifestations of a person are very informative:
- gait,
- speech speed
- reactions
- gesticulation
- emotionality
- facial expressions.
- By observing and fixing these manifestations, one can more accurately establish the type of temperament.
- Swift walk, sometimes even bouncing.
- Rich facial expressions.
- Active gestures.
- Quick speech, sometimes even with swallowing words or their endings.
- High reaction rate.
- High emotionality.
- Everything is more or less balanced.
- Gait energetic, but uniform.
- Gestures and facial expressions correspond to the words.
- Clear and Comprehensible Speech
- Behavior is accompanied by appropriate emotions.
- Reaction rate is good enough
- Slow and regal.
- The gait is measured and smooth.
- Facial expressions and gestures are inexpressive or completely absent.
- The reaction rate is low.
- The speech is thorough, slow, maybe with pauses.
- Almost does not express emotions, you will not guess that he feels
- It creates the impression of a person who is shy or scared.
- The gait is small, mincing.
- The speech is quiet, which is why it is sometimes slurred.
- Facial expressions and gestures are careful.
- The reaction rate is low.
- Expresses emotions also inactive, carefully - quietly laughs, cries.
- For a long time experiencing everything that happens to him.
- Each type of psyche is suitable for some jobs and professions and less for others. Melancholy people are often people of art. But from them turn out bad drivers and useless climbers-climbers. Cholerices are excellent test pilots, but they are poor accountable workers. Phlegmatic people, on the contrary, are excellent accountants, counters, but, as a rule, unimportant poets. Sanguine people are good drivers, sappers, engineers, but they are not as patient as phlegmatic people.
- As a rule, a person purely unconsciously determines the advantages and disadvantages of his temperament and uses them in the process of performing any activity.
- Such adaptation of the properties of temperament to activity is called an individual style of activity, so that a person can achieve significant success in activity
- Melancholy create an optimal mode of work and rest.
- Phlegmatic people carefully prepare for classes.
- Sanguine people expand their knowledge, not really delving into it, but amaze teachers with erudition.
- Cholerices create a creative approach to everything
- 1. Goals and objectives of the project.
- Define your life plans and, in accordance with them, outline the ways of developing a professional career.
- Identify your abilities and interests, find the most optimal combination of them in your future profession.
- Orient yourself in a diverse world of professions.
- Learn to independently choose educational institutions, plan your future career.
- Learn to adequately assess their abilities and capabilities.
- To familiarize interested parties (parents, teachers), we collect information on a professional orientation.
- 2. The action plan.
- Justification of the choice of the project topic. Search and collection of information for applicants to colleges or universities.
- Identification of interests, abilities, temperament, accentuation, personality type.
- Justification of the choice of specialty.
- Justification of the choice of educational institution (paid or free tuition).
- Consideration of options in case of non-receipt.
- Receipt.
- Project Evaluation and Protection
- Vaseva A.A. “Professional self-determination of students” Perm 2005
- Savchenko M.Yu. “Career guidance” Moscow “Waco” 2008
- "Technology" textbook for students in grade 11, ed. Simonenko V.D. 2002
- Mironova MM "Psychology" Developing activities with children Grade 10 Volgograd 2005
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CHOICE OF PROFESSION
On a professional basis, people are united in categories or groups of people engaged in the same type of work. To choose a profession is not so much to choose a job as to be accepted into a certain group of people, to accept its ethical standards, rules, principles, values, lifestyle. The definition of a profession includes a lot, but first of all: who to be to which social group belong what lifestyle to choose what goals to define for yourself in the future
How many professions are there? Today in Russia there are more than six thousand, and each of them has certain requirements for a person. Some professions require strength and dexterity from a person, others require intelligence and accuracy, and others require sociability and restraint. To make it easier to navigate in this vast world of professions, experts united them into groups of various types and classes. The class of professions speaks of the degree of complexity and the required qualifications of a person, i.e. about the nature of work, which can be executive or creative. The type of profession indicates what a person has to deal with in the process of his activity. There are five types of professions - "man - man", "man - nature", "man - technology", "man - a sign system", "man - an artistic image."
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Human nature These are people who really like to study, care for plants, animals, feed them, and heal. These are veterinarians, agronomists, livestock specialists, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-technician People who are ready to work with machines, with equipment day and night, repair, assemble, arrange their work. These are drivers, masons, engineers, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Person-person People who constantly talk with each other, treat people, train, educate, sell goods to each other, protect the rights of people. These are doctors, teachers, lawyers, salespeople, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-sign system. They draw something, compile tables, calculate, take measurements, work with formulas, drawings, maps, diagrams. These are translators, economists, programmers, accountants, cashiers, chemists, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Human-artistic image People create something, model, model, do music, visual, acting. These are actors, musicians, artists, fashion designers.
The process of choosing a profession is not so simple. For a correct, adequate choice, a school graduate has to do a lot of internal work: it is necessary to analyze his resources (interests, abilities, personality traits); learn and accept the requirements of the chosen profession; recognize the potential discrepancies in personal characteristics and the specifics of the profession and evaluate the possibility of correcting these discrepancies.
Job search begins with the choice of profession. If you have not yet chosen a profession, then first let your imagination go free, give it complete freedom and then reflect on your future by answering the following questions: What do I love to do more than anything: think and reflect? feel and observe? feel? tinkering? Where and in what conditions would I like to live? What kind of job would I like to have? I would like to have a family, and if so, which one? How do I see myself in 5, 10, 20, 30 years? What would I like to leave behind: children, books, houses, social transformations or something else?
Having dealt with your desires, think about what needs to be done to achieve these goals: What intermediate distances do you need to go? What knowledge to acquire? Where to get the necessary funds? Where to get the necessary information? Make sure your profession is what you need. First of all, it’s good to find out why you want to choose one or another profession, what requirements do you have for it: Do you want your profession to be prestigious, to be recognized in society? Do you want to acquire any profession, if only it is well paid? Do you want your profession to be interesting?
Are you looking for a profession that is characterized by good working conditions? Do you choose a profession that is easier to acquire? Are you going to connect your fate with a profession on the advice or example of other people? In addition, you need to determine your professionally important qualities and professional preferences.
Choosing a profession Success routes How to choose a profession for yourself? First, you need to determine your professional interests and inclinations. Briefly, this is called the word "WANT." Secondly, assess what your professionally important qualities are: health, qualifications and abilities that determine your professional suitability and capabilities. It is necessary to answer the question, what is your “CAN”. Thirdly, to find out which professions are in demand among employers in the labor market, in which professions you can find a job. In other words, to determine what “NADO” is today. I want, I can
In the event that you are able to combine “I want,” “I can,” and “I must,” then your professional choice will be successful. Your task is to find a profession that is: Interesting and attractive to you; It matches your abilities; It is in demand in the labor market. In addition, when choosing a profession, it is important to refer to a professiogram. A professiogram is compiled on the basis of an analysis of the content of professional activity and includes a general description of the profession and the requirements that the profession makes for a person.
AFTER CLASS 9 YOU WAIT: TRAINING IN A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION WHERE YOU WILL GET SPECIALTY AT OUR TIME WORKING SPECIALTIES ARE QUALITATIVE AND REQUIRING GOOD KNOWLEDGE! CHOICE OF PROFESSION
AFTER 11 CLASS YOU ARE AVAILABLE 3 LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION SELECTION OF PROFESSION
LEVELS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: INITIAL PROFESSIONAL MIDDLE PROFESSIONAL HIGHER PROFESSIONAL CHOICE OF PROFESSION
CHOICE OF PROFESSION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF LYCEES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL AND PERSONALITY ALLOWS TO GET A WORKING PROFESSION BUILDER CAR LOCKSMAN COOKER MALAR SEWING
SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION ALLOWS TO BECOME A MIDDLE SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN-TECHNOLOGIST TEACHER OF KINDERGARTEN ACCOUNTANT MEDICAL NURSE PROFESSIONAL SELECTION COLLEGE TECHNICAL
HIGHER EDUCATION ALLOWS YOU TO GET A PROFESSION OF MOSTLY MENTAL WORK DOCTOR LAWYER ENGINEER PSYCHOLOGIST TEACHER MANAGER ECONOMIST BANK OFFICIAL SELECTION OF PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE INSTITUTE
SERIOUS STEP FROM WHICH YOUR DESTINY DEPENDS Workshop SELECTION OF PROFESSION SELECTION OF PROFESSION -
Tips for choosing a profession (methodology for finding a profession) Take a notebook and pen and perform an exercise. You need to make a certain number of choices that describe your future profession and working conditions. Working conditions in which I would like to live and work: 1.1. Geographical conditions 1.2. The nature of the workplace (for example, proximity to the workplace, comfort from a climatic point of view, a spacious place of work, etc.) Try to make your list complete and complete. The emotional and spiritual atmosphere of the work (for example, friendliness, interest, constructivism, determination, etc.) The more criteria you get, the better, the more accurate the result. The knowledge with which I would like to work List here all the areas of knowledge with which you. I would like to work. It doesn’t matter how big this amount will be. People I would like to work with. 4.1. Colleagues 4.2. Customers Here you can specify any social variables of groups: age, gender, their income, religion, level of education and their number
Tips for choosing a profession (methodology for finding a profession) (continued) Information that you would like to work with. List all the sources with which you would like to receive information: is it a telephone? The Internet? TV? Gossip and rumors? Newspapers? Radio? Books? Workshops? What else? 6. Items and things you would like to work with. What objects and things would you like to use in your work? Surgical scalpel? Laser ray? Kalashnikov assault rifle? Chisel? Computer? Calculator? List all the items that are sweet to you and that you would like to use in your work. Actions that I would like to perform at work. Probably to operate if it is a scalpel? And to make calculations if it is a calculator? Describe all the actions that you would like to perform in the workplace. Summarizing. This is not to say that after you calculate everything, you will explicitly get your future profession. Of course not. It will not happen. But the fact that a lot will clear up in your head, and very clear up - we are sure of that.
Mini-test "Who are you?" Here are five geometric shapes (square, triangle, rectangle, circle, zigzag). Choose one of them with respect to which you can say: "Here is a figure symbolizing me!" Try to feel it, compare it with yourself. If you are having difficulty choosing a figure, choose the one that attracts you the most. Do not try to somehow analyze the characteristics of the figures - just trust your intuition.
Mini-test "Who are you?" (continued) Exemplary professions corresponding to the selected figure SQUARE Tax inspector Notary Accountant Electric gas welder Seamstress Driver Programmer Bricklayer Confectioner Assistant Secretary Social worker and others. RECTANGULAR Ecologist Insurance agent Machinist Driver All professions related to nature and others. TRIANGULAR Baker Chef-Chef Commercial Agent Marketer Commercial Director Psychologist Teacher Legal Counsel Manager and others
Mini-test "Who are you?" (Continued) Sample profession corresponding to the selected figure TERMS Waiter bartender NURSE manicurist caregiver kindergarten ADMINISTRATOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT tutor Asking photography teacher administrative assistant social psychology WORKER insurance agents and others. Zigzag plasterer painter Chef Confectioner Carpenter Mason Programmer Marketer Barber Artist Designer Manager Actor Musician Architect Psychologist
Some thoughts about professional self-determination (notes of a wise person) If you choose a profession that you and only you like, then do not expect that someone else will like it. Great if that happens. But if this does not happen, then it does not matter. The world is not to blame for the fact that you thought it necessary to interest him in your person and your professional choice. If you still have not found your ideal profession, then you better learn imperfect than not to learn at all. If you have not found a suitable place of work, then you can start from where there is not a very suitable place, than not to work at all. One year of real work will give you more skill and experience than two years of training on how to work correctly. One year of any training is more beneficial than two years of thinking about where to study best.
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mistakes in choosing a profession
ERRORS IN THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION ATTITUDE TO THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION HOW TO BE UNSTABLE YOU ARE READY TO: QUALIFY REGULARLY TO LEARN MULTIPLE SPECIALTIES MAKING A NEW SPECIALITY IS VERY IMPORTANT, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT.
THE PRESTIGE OF A PROFESSION MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT, BUT AFTER TAKING INTO YOUR INTERESTS AND ABILITY IN ERROR WHEN YOU CHOOSE A PROFESSION, THE EXISTING OPINION ABOUT PRESTIGATION OF A PROFESSION WILL ALSO BE DETAINED.
ERRORS IN THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A FRIEND (FOR A COMPANY, NOT TO BE LEFT) TRY TO UNDERSTAND YOUR OWN DESIRE AND INTERESTS
ERRORS IN SELECTING A PROFESSION TRANSFERRING TO A PERSON, REPRESENTATIVE OF ANY OR OTHER PROFESSION, DO NOT CHOOSE A PROFESSION ON YOURSELF BECAUSE YOU LIKE OR DO NOT HELP IT DO IT
ERRORS IN THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION ATTRACTING ONLY AN EXTERNAL OR ANYONE PRIVATE PART OF A PROFESSION FOR THE EASY WITH WHICH THE ACTOR CREATES AN IMAGINATED SCENE, IT IS A STRESSY WEEKEND DAY
ERRORS IN THE SELECTION OF A PROFESSION IDENTIFYING A SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT WITH A PROFESSION OR THE BAD DIFFERENCE OF THESE PROFESSIONS IN THE SELECTION OF A PROFESSION NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT THE REAL ACTIVITIES AND PROFESSIONS THERE ARE TAKEN
ERRORS IN THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION INABILITY / UNDESIRABILITY / TO UNDERSTAND IN ITS PERSONAL QUALITIES (DISEASES, ABILITIES) TO UNDERSTAND YOURSELF, FRIENDS, FRIENDS
ERRORS IN THE SELECTION OF A PROFESSION Ignorance / UNDERSTIMATION / OF YOUR PHYSICAL FEATURES, DISADVANTAGES SIGNIFICANT WHEN SELECTING A PROFESSION THERE ARE EXISTING THOSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE CONSIDERED.
ERRORS WHEN CHOOSING A PROFESSION Ignorance of the basic actions, operations and their order in solving, considering the problem when choosing a profession, go to work creatively and develop for you to be completely unnatural.
Analysis of this information will help you choose the right profession, your business. The boring term career guidance is actually a very exciting and rewarding experience. How many people suffer because they once made the wrong choice! You should not choose a profession, focusing on the advice of friends, on possible high earnings or prestige. Listen to the voice of your heart, test yourself or together with professionals, and then you will have nothing to regret. You will make an unmistakable choice. Be confident in yourself! Good luck!
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Choosing a future profession is a serious and crucial step in the life of every person, requiring training and knowledge. Why? Yes, because whether you choose your future profession correctly, your entire adult life will depend on whether you will be happy with it or if you will reproach the fate that life has failed. Mental balance and material well-being in adulthood depend on the correct choice of a future profession. Wrong choice of profession leads to the fact that many adults are dissatisfied with the chosen field of activity, and as a result - the level and quality of their life, the degree of professional realization, their social status. Today in the world there are more than 7000 professions. However, only a few hundred of them are popular. Moreover, the list of “prestigious” professions changes annually and each region has its own. To understand this sea of \u200b\u200boccupations, specialties and skills is difficult, but possible! Only by defining a future profession, you will be able to choose the right profile in the 10-11th grade, and in the future the institution of vocational education, to master a profession that is: interesting and attractive to you. fits your ability. in demand in the labor market.
The conditions for the optimal choice of profession
Optimal choice zone
WANT - aspirations of the individual (desires, interests, inclinations, ideals).
I CAN - the capabilities of the individual (state of health, ability, level of knowledge, character, temperament).
It is NECESSARY - the needs of society in personnel, and awareness of the need to expend certain efforts to achieve vital goals.
When planning your professional career, it is useful to answer the following questions:
What skills and abilities do you get the most satisfaction from?
What are your main interests and pastimes?
What are your favorite subjects?
What would you like to do every day for 8 hours from year to year?
What kind of job do you dream of?
How do you imagine your occupation in 10 years?
What would be the ideal job for you? Describe it as detailed as possible. Imagine yourself at this job, with whom do you work, how do you spend time?
What are your criteria for choosing a profession? (required and desirable)
What are your strengths and skills that most allow you to consider yourself suitable for a job that seems ideal to you?
What gaps in your knowledge and skills do you need to fill in to get the perfect job for you?
If the work that is ideal for you is currently unattainable, then what kind of work could you do to advance in your chosen direction?
Who can I consult to get useful career planning information?
Finally, write down your immediate and long-term career goals and act. Components of success
The right choice of profession will allow you to fully realize your potential, avoid disappointment, protect yourself and your family from poverty and uncertainty in the future. Like any business, the choice of profession begins with setting goals.
Objectives should be:
Specific (I want to get the Nobel Prize in literature, buy a house in a village on the banks of the Oka River, become the coolest businessman in our entrance, I want to get a good education, run a marathon distance in three hours, etc.);
Realistic, that is, correlated with their own abilities - physical, intellectual, financial, age, etc. (if there is no literary ability, then the Nobel Prize in literature is an unrealistic goal, if you have never run, it is better not to go to a marathon distance);
Limited in time (“a goal is a dream that must be fulfilled exactly by the appointed date”).
Goals should be provided with internal resources - personal characteristics, inclinations, abilities, professionally important qualities, and not external ones - money, communications, chance.
When planning a professional career, it is necessary to highlight the following points: the main goal (who I want to become, what I want to achieve, what I want to be); a chain of near and distant specific goals (classes in circles, sections, acquaintance with a future profession, a possible place to study or work); ways and means of achieving goals (knowledge and skills, communication and money); external conditions for achieving goals (choosing a place to study or work, possible obstacles and ways to overcome them); internal conditions for achieving goals (abilities, willpower, health); emergency options and ways to achieve them (it's like a reserve parachute).
If your goal is to choose a profession in accordance with your capabilities and needs, ask yourself the following questions: what level of education (higher, specialized secondary, courses or something else) I can count on, considering my school performance and intellectual abilities, skills; what should be the content of the profession, so that I would be interested to work; what material reward I want to receive for my work - a real minimum wage; what lifestyle I want to lead: intense, when I have to devote not only work time to work, but also personal time - or free time, which allows me to give a lot of time to my family, friends and my beloved business; I want to work near the house, or it makes no difference to me.
The choice can be considered correct if the following conditions are met.
First, you must have a set of professionally important qualities for this work - intellectual, physical, personal.
Secondly, this profession should be in demand in the labor market.
Thirdly, future work should be a joy, not a burden.
“I WANT”, “I CAN”, “NECESSARY” are the components of success.
G. Rezapkina
Graduate's guidebook, G.V. Rezapkina, Moscow, Genesis,
2007, 140 p.)
- What influences the choice of profession?
What factors determine a person’s choice of a profession? In practice, it turns out that the tendencies are taken into account last, but the opinion of the parents has a huge impact.
8 factors for choosing a profession / by EA Klimov /:
1. Position of senior family members
There are seniors who are directly responsible for how your life goes. This concern extends to the question of your future profession.
2. The position of comrades, girlfriends
Friendly relations at your age are already very strong and can greatly influence the choice of a profession. You can give only general advice: the right decision will be that meets your interests and coincides with the interests of the society in which you live.
3. The position of teachers, school teachers
Watching the behavior, educational and extracurricular activities of students, an experienced teacher knows a lot about you that is hidden from unprofessional eyes and even from you.
4. Personal professional plans
In this case, the plan means your ideas about the stages of mastering the profession.
5. Abilities
The originality of their abilities must be judged not only by their academic success, but also by their achievements in a wide variety of activities.
6. Level of claims for public recognition
When planning your career, it is very important to take care of the realism of your claims.
7. Awareness
It is important to ensure that the information you acquire about a particular profession is not distorted, incomplete, one-sided.
8. Addictions
Addictions are manifested in favorite activities, which spend most of their free time. These are interests supported by certain abilities.
Mistakes in choosing a profession
1. The attitude to the choice of profession as a constant
In any field of activity, there is a change in occupations and positions as a person's qualifications grow. In this case, the greatest success is achieved by one who has passed the initial stages well.
2. Existing opinions about the prestige of the profession.
With regard to the profession, prejudice is manifested in the fact that some professions important to society, occupations are considered unworthy, indecent (for example: a garbage man).
3. The choice of profession under the direct or indirect influence of comrades(for the company, not to be outdone).
We choose a profession according to our "taste" and "size" as well as clothes and shoes.
4. Transfer of attitude to a person - a representative of a particular profession - to the profession itself.
When choosing a profession, you must first of all take into account the features of this type of activity, and not choose a profession just because you like or dislike the person who is involved in this type of activity.
5. Passion only on the outside or some private side of the profession.
For the ease with which the actor creates an image on the stage, there is intense, everyday work.
6. Identification of a school subject with a profession or poor distinction between these concepts.
There is such a subject as a foreign language, and there are many professions that require a lot of language skills - a translator, a tour guide, an international telephone operator, etc. Therefore, when choosing a profession, you need to consider what real occupations and professions are behind this subject.
7. Obsolete ideas about the nature of labor in the sphere of material production.
In all professions, and first of all in workers, complex and interesting technology is being introduced, and the work culture is being improved.
8. Inability to understand, lack of habit to understand one’s personal qualities (inclinations, abilities).
Professional consultants, parents, teachers, and comrades will help you understand yourself.
9. Ignorance or underestimation of their physical characteristics, shortcomings, significant when choosing a profession.
There are professions that may be contraindicated to you, because they can make your health worse.
10. Ignorance of the main actions, operations and their order in solving, pondering the problem when choosing a profession.
When you solve a problem in mathematics, you perform certain actions in a certain sequence. It would be wise to do the same when choosing a profession. - Mistakes and difficulties in choosing a profession
1. Ignorance of the rules for choosing a profession:
choice of profession for the company;
transfer of attitude to a person to the profession itself;
identification of a subject with a profession;
orientation directly to highly qualified professions;
inability to determine the path to obtaining a profession.
2. Ignorance of MYSELF:
ignorance or underestimation of their physical characteristics;
ignorance or underestimation of their psychological characteristics;
inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession.
3. Ignorance of the world of professions:
passion only for the outside of the profession;
prejudice regarding the prestige of the profession;
ignorance of the requirements of the profession for a person;
outdated ideas about the nature and working conditions of a particular profession.
(chapters from the book Secrets of choosing a profession, or
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PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF SENIOR GRADUATES
(performance at the methodological association of class teachers))
Introduction
At the moment, there is such a situation that there are less and less real professionals working with enthusiasm and raising our country to higher levels of development. Why is this happening? Even despite the fact that in our country there are many higher and secondary educational institutions with a high level and quality of education, which graduate “specialists” every year, their competence and professionalism leave much to be desired.
Analyzing the facts of modern reality, one involuntarily thinks: what is the reason for these failures, disappointments of young people?
Perhaps one of the reasons is the wrong choice of a profession in youth. It is known that youth (14-18 years) is the age of self-determination. Who to be? How to be? Where am I most needed? These and many questions arise before high school students.
The world of professions is very large. It includes thousands of different interesting specialties. In adolescence, everyone faces a choice. One in five will tell about their errors, fluctuations in professional self-determination. A high school student is attracted by dozens of professions. What are they? Different types of labor require different and sometimes conflicting qualities from a person. In one case, this is the ability to get along with people, to control and obey, in the other - a high culture of movements, in the third - severity of observation. Of course, if you are 15-17 years old, it is not easy to figure out such a variety of your personal qualities, abilities.
To make a socially and deeply personal choice in professional self-determination is not an easy task.
Independent choice of a profession is “the second birth of a person”. After all, the social value of a person, his place among other people, job satisfaction, physical and mental health, joy and happiness depend on how well the life path is chosen.
Society expands the possibilities of life self-determination of youth. Before her are opportunities for the application of their strength and abilities in various fields of activity for the benefit of society.
Thus, professional labor activity, which is preceded by the right choice, is one of the most important factors that determine a lot in the life of a modern person.
1. The choice of profession as a self-determination of personality.
1). Profession - (Latin PROFESSIO - officially indicated occupation, specialty, from PROFITEOR - I declare my own business), type of labor (occupation) of a person who owns a set of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of special training, work experience.
The variety of human professions is great, and most of them, according to psychologists and educators, can be mastered by everyone. But it is equally true that at one point in time a person can do one thing. And since life is limited, he can do only a few separate things. In order to “become active” a person must part with the infinity, which he possessed only in possibilities, since in reality he can not everything, but only something. So the problem of choosing a future profession arises.
According to I. Konz, a person’s professional self-determination begins far in his childhood, when in a child’s game, a child assumes various professional roles and loses the behavior associated with it. If you look closely at these games, it is easy to notice that the children in them easily and willingly go to all kinds of symbolic substitutions of the real attributes of professional activity. (For example: a chair - “counter”, paper - “money”). Professional self-determination ends in early youth, when it is already necessary to make a decision that will affect the whole future life of a person.
2) Features of senior school age and the choice of profession. Life plan.
Common worldview searches are grounded and concretized in life plans. [Life plan is a broad concept. It covers the entire sphere of personal self-determination - moral character, lifestyle, level of claims.
For a high school student, the choice of a profession becomes the most important, urgent, and difficult task. Psychologically aspiring to the future and inclined even to mentally “jump over” through incomplete stages, the young man is already internally burdened by school; school life seems to him temporary, fake, on the eve of another, richer and more genuine life, which at the same time beckons and scares him.
He understands well that the content of this future life, first of all, depends on whether he will be able to choose the right profession. No matter how frivolous and careless a young man may look, the choice of a profession is his main and constant concern.
In the time of youth, the individual appearance of each young man is becoming more definite and distinct, those individual characteristics that collectively determine the identity of his personality appear more clearly.
High school students differ significantly from each other not only in temperament and in character, but also in their abilities, needs, aspirations and interests, different degrees of self-awareness. Individual characteristics are manifested in the choice of life path. Youth is the age when a worldview is taking shape, value orientations, attitudes are formed. In fact, this is the period when the transition from childhood to the beginning of adulthood is carried out, corresponding to the degree of responsibility, independence, ability to actively participate in society and in one’s personal life, to constructively solve various problems and professional development. The youthful age according to Erickson is built around the process of identity, consisting of a series of social and individual-personal choices, identification, and professional development.
As already mentioned, professional self-determination begins in childhood, and ends in early adolescence. An experimental study of the significance of the motives of educational activity and the professional choice of adolescents and youths. The decisive importance in educational activities is acquired by self-determination and narrowly practical, in the choice of profession - the motivation for choosing a profession in young men is not subject to change with age. Girls undergo a transition from motivation for social needs to general motivation for the profession.
Choosing a profession and mastering it begins with professional self-determination. At this stage, students should already quite realistically formulate for themselves the task of choosing a future field of activity, taking into account the available psychological and psychophysiological resources. At this time, students form an attitude towards certain professions, and they choose educational subjects in accordance with the chosen profession.
3) The attitude of a teenager to a future profession.
The choice of a future profession excites not only eleventh graders. And in the ninth grade, the guys must decide: where to go next - in the tenth grade, college, school, college?
Making plans for the future is the most important content for the development of social adulthood in adolescence. An essential indicator of the socio-psychological maturity of a teenager is precisely his attitude to his future. The certainty of plans changes a lot in a teenager: the most important core of the personality appears - certain goals, objectives, motives.
In adolescence, children's forms of dreaming about a profession are replaced by reflections on it, taking into account their own capabilities and circumstances of life, a desire appears to realize intentions in practical actions. However, some adolescents fully live in the present; they think little about their future profession.
Much can stimulate the emergence of interest in a particular profession: teaching, people, books, television. Teenagers are interested in many things, often orient in several directions at once, attend various sections and circles. Very often they overestimate their capabilities in the profession that attracts them. Classes in circles help a teenager realize their inclinations, opportunities, and shortcomings. Testing oneself in an activity is the best way to fulfill a dream and to prevent disappointment. It is impossible to cut off the “wings of a dream” of a teenager, but it is necessary to “land” it, to bring to his mind the thought that the path to success in any business is strewn with difficulties, not roses.
For many adolescents, studying in grades 8–9 is a period of intense thought about the future. Some try to translate dreams into actions, others try on different options for the future. Still others think that their abilities correspond to the requirements of the profession; fourth, they collect information about the attracting profession and the educational institution where they receive it. Teenagers are interested in the plans of classmates, discuss doubts, hesitations, they abandon their previous dreams as "children's". Many tend to be influenced by reputable or older friends. Periodically, disputes and disagreements arise regarding different professions and where exactly to continue learning.
The approaching end of grade 9 stimulates teenagers to think about their future.
2. Professional self-determination.
1) Professional self-determination as a process.
Vocational education, performing the functions of vocational training, identified with the concept of "special education", involves 2 ways to obtain it - self-education or training in educational institutions of vocational education. The success of vocational education determines such an important psychological moment as “readiness” (emotional, motivational) for the acquisition of a particular profession.
The choice of a profession made by a person as a result of the analysis of internal resources and by correlating them with the requirements of the profession is the basis for self-affirmation of a person in society, one of the main decisions in life. The choice of profession in psychological terms is a two-pronged phenomenon:
the subject of choice, that is, the one who chooses;
the object of choice is that which is chosen.
The subject and the object of choice determine the ambiguity of the choice of profession. This is due to the many characteristics that they possess.
The choice of a profession is not an instantaneous act. The choice of a profession consists of a number of stages, merging into one process. Moreover, the duration of the stages depends on:
External conditions;
Individual characteristics of the subject of choice of profession.
Professional self-determination is a process that covers the entire period of a person’s professional activity: from the emergence of professional intentions to the exit from work.
Stages preceding self-determination.
The emergence of professional self-determination covers senior school age, but it is preceded by the stages:
Primary choice of profession (typical for primary school students):
Little differentiated ideas about the world of professions, a situational idea of \u200b\u200bthe internal resources necessary for this kind of profession, instability of professional intentions;
Stage of professional self-determination (senior school age):
The emergence and formation of professional intentions and initial orientation in various fields of labor;
Professional education:
It is carried out after receiving school education for the development of the chosen profession;
Professional adaptation:
The formation of an individual style of activity, the predominance of the system of production and social relations;
Self-realization in work:
Fulfillment or failure to fulfill expectations related to professional work.
Thus, professional self-determination permeates the whole life path of a person.
A) Prerequisites for professional self-determination:
Professional self-determination from the standpoint of the principles of determinism and activity. Professional self-determination is an essential aspect of the social process of personality development. Identification of manifestation featuresdeterminism principle in the process of self-determination involves the analysis of two systems. On the one hand, this is a person as a most complex self-regulatory system, on the other hand, it is a system of public orientation of young people in deciding on the conscious choice of a profession. This system includes the targeted influence of schools, families, public organizations, literature, and art on the motives for choosing a profession. This combination of vocational guidance tools is designed to provide solutions to the problems of professional education and counseling of students, awakening professional interest and inclinations, direct assistance in finding jobs and overcoming the difficulties of the stage of professional adaptation. The system of career guidance tools carries a wide range of opportunities for the professional development of the individual, from which the personality “draws” the motives and goals of its activities.
The need for self-determination experienced by a person is itself meaningless.
A.N. Leont'ev noted that "... until its first satisfaction, the need" does not know "its subject, since it has not yet been discovered ...".
The relationship of the personality and the system of career guidance influences external to it arises only inactivity process. Activity as a form of the relationship of the subject with objects forms a condition for mental reflection and acts as a mechanism of determining influence on the personality.
In the process of constant communication with the outside world, a person acts as an active side of interaction. Therefore, the psychological manifestation of the principle of determinism can only be understood within the framework of the problem of the ratio of external and internal conditions in the determination of activity. In terms of analysis of the driving forces of activity, it is necessary to proceed from the interconnectedness and contrast of internal and external.
The process of professional self-determination is due to the emergence, expansion of the subject's activity, realizing its connection with career guidance factors. Self-determination is woven into this activity as its component.
B) Prerequisites for professional self-determination.
Personal premises of self-determination.
The structural elements of the personality, as the immediate psychological prerequisites for professional self-determination, are different in the nature of their functions. The whole set of the most important personal prerequisites for self-determination can be reduced to two main groups:
1) personality traits that provide the opportunity to successfully solve the problem of choosing a profession, but do not directly participate in the activation of this process. This group includes strong-willed traits of character, as well as such a trait as industriousness. This also includes the presence of some work and life experience, the level of general life maturity of a person.
2) This group of psychological prerequisites for self-determination is formed by various components of the personality orientation that dynamize the process of professional self-determination and determine the selectivity of response. This includes the need for professional self-determination, a person's educational and professional interests and inclinations of belief and attitude, values \u200b\u200band ideals, and ideas about life values.
The components of the second group, due to their connection with cognitive needs, have the function of conditioning the sphere of activity attractive to humans.
2. "Eight angles of career choice."
According to E.A. Klimova there are 8 angles of the situation of the choice of profession. After all, a high school student takes into account information not only about the characteristics of various professions, but also a lot of other information.
1) The position of senior family members.
Of course, the care of the elders about the future profession of their child is understandable; they are responsible for how his life develops.
Very often, parents give the child complete freedom of choice, thereby demanding independence, responsibility, initiative from him. It happens that parents do not agree with the choice of the child, offering to reconsider their plans and make another choice, considering that he is still small. The correct choice of a profession is often hindered by the attitude of parents who want their children to compensate for their shortcomings in the future, in those activities in which they could not fully manifest themselves. It seems to them that it is their son or daughter who will be able to prove themselves, since they, unlike their parents, “have a higher springboard from which they will immerse themselves in the world of the profession ...
Observations show that in most cases, children agree with the choice of parents, counting on the help of parents in entering any educational institution. At the same time, children, of course, forget that they will have to work in this specialty, and not their parents.
One can only speculate on a conflict-free way out of such circumstances.
2) The position of comrades, girlfriends (peers).
The friendly relations of high school students are already very strong and their influence on the choice of a profession is not excluded, since the attention of their professional future peers is also growing. It is the position of a microgroup that can become decisive in professional self-determination.
3) The position of teachers, school teachers, class teacher.
Each teacher, observing the student’s behavior only in educational activities, all the time “penetrates with thought the facade of the external manifestations of a person, makes a kind of diagnosis regarding interests, inclinations, thoughts, character, abilities, preparedness of the student. The teacher knows a lot of information that is unknown even to the student himself.
4) Personal professional plans.
In the behavior and life of a person, ideas about the near and distant future play a very important role. A professional plan or image, mental representation, its features depend on the mindset and character, human experience. It includes the main goal and goals for the future, ways and means of achieving them. But the plans are different in content and what they depend on the person.
5) Abilities.
Abilities, talents of a senior student must be considered not only in school, but also in all other types of socially valuable activity. Since it is precisely abilities that include future professional fitness.
6) The level of claims for public recognition.
The realism of the aspirations of a high school student is the first stage of professional training.
7) Awareness - Important, undistorted information is an important factor in choosing a profession.
8) Addictions manifest and form in the Activity. By deliberately joining in different types of activities, a person can change his hobbies, and therefore his direction. For a high school student, this is important, since before professional hobbies is the path to the future.
Profession choice management.
In order to choose the right profession, it is necessary to control this process, which is carried out by the teacher.
Management of the choice of profession is one of the components of the problem of the scientific management of society. In a narrower plan, in relation to the problem of choosing a profession, it is extremely important for a teacher to know the objective and subjective factors that make up the content of management. Objective factors include:
The system of objectively operating laws, the living conditions of the subject, environment, education, economic environment and others.
Subjective factors include:
The subject's capabilities, inclinations, interests, abilities, intentions, motives, character, temperament, inclinations and other aspects of the personality.
In order for the choice of profession to be truly effective, it is extremely important to understand the essence of the above two components of the subject of management. Managing the choice of a profession is unthinkable without a knowledge of the personality, its structure.
The human personality is extremely complex. It has both acquired qualities during life and biological properties characterized by relative constancy (inclinations, type of nervous system, etc.).
The requirement to study each student is universally recognized. However, in practice, there are frequent cases when a teacher can describe in detail one or two of his students, he is able to give all the rest only the most general characteristic.
It happens that the teacher knows the student well, but it is difficult to give an integral characterization of the orientation of his personality (to identify inclinations, interests, abilities, motives of behavior, character traits). What place a student occupies in a team, what is his prestige among classmates, how his comrades, teachers evaluate, how he evaluates himself - such questions are often not raised by individual teachers at all.
There are a number of reasons for this:
Lack of installation on the study of students for career guidance;
Weak psychological and pedagogical training of teachers;
Reluctance to obstruct yourself with additional work;
Lack of available methods and techniques for studying students.
Particular attention should be paid to the dynamics of the interests of students, to their inclinations in the learning process. At the same time, it is extremely important to design the possibilities for developing abilities in the learning process. If the teacher notices a certain orientation of the student’s professional interests, perseverance and perseverance, shown by him, then he must reflect this in the characterization and convince the pupil that even with little ability he can achieve success. Although it is not always easy to help a young man or a girl determine her vocation, nevertheless, it cannot be considered normal when, after leaving school, the student does not know if he is capable of anything where to find something to his liking. To make out individuality, to help the student’s abilities and inclinations reveal to the strength of the teacher, class teacher. The study of students is one of the necessary conditions for identifying individually psychological characteristics in order to correct professional self-determination.
3. Self-knowledge in choosing a profession.
Self-knowledge is one of the necessary conditions for the implementation of a personal approach to choosing a profession.
Knowing yourself is through comparing yourself with other people, by recognizing your capabilities, achievements and comparing them with the successes and accomplishments of those around you. Knowing ourselves, we simultaneously know the other person. Knowing others helps self-knowledge. The comparison process is the basis not only of knowing the world, but also knowing oneself. Knowing through comparing the quality of another person, we get the material necessary to develop our own assessment.
For a better knowledge of the world and himself, a person must make active efforts. Self-improvement begins with the process of self-knowledge. You cannot get better without knowing which character traits you need to cultivate and which ones to get rid of. Without self-knowledge, it is impossible to correctly outline the program of self-education and self-development, it is difficult to choose a job to your liking.
The requirements of a person to himself, self-education, depend on the requirements and prospects of the society in which he lives. The requirements of society are one of the most important impulses of self-knowledge and self-education. The emergence of a need for knowledge of one's own characteristics, self-interest, and self-reflection is a characteristic feature of matured children.
The role of self-esteem in professional self-determination.
In psychology, self-esteem is regarded as a phenomenon of self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is a person’s awareness of himself, his “I”. To realize oneself means to give an account of oneself regarding one's strengths, capabilities, personal qualities, level of development, that is, to appraise them properly.
The very word "self-esteem" helps us understand its meaning. In professional self-determination of a person, self-esteem is an assessment that a person gives to himself, his abilities, corresponding or not corresponding to the specifics of the profession.
Self-esteem, like any mental education, is formed in vivo, and it must be considered in terms of age.
Studies show that high school students seek to choose the type of activity that would correspond to their understanding of their own capabilities. Since often the students ’understanding of their own abilities is not adequate to the indicators, they will fail in the way of choice.
High school students are not able to objectively and fully evaluate themselves. In self-esteem, they do not have a single tendency: some tend to overestimate themselves, others vice versa. Therefore, those who believe that high school students only overestimate themselves, as well as those who help, that they underestimate themselves, are wrong. They are characterized by the first and second.
High school students, unlike adolescents, feel the need for self-esteem, although they are not objectively ready for it. The internal need for self-esteem is the key to its successful formation under appropriate conditions.
In high school students, self-esteem serves two purposes:
- Self-education;
- Predicting a future profession.
When choosing a profession, older students in most cases are guided by the level of expression in themselves, first of all, moral-volitional, then intellectual, and only then organizational qualities.
Adolescents, on the other hand, have little appeal for self-esteem, that is, they do not properly recognize its role in choosing a profession. Most of them choose a profession without resorting to self-esteem, and if they do, it is very superficial. Teenagers' ideas about themselves are shallow, approximate, plans and intentions are dynamic. The very problem of choosing a profession does not seriously concern them.
For high school graduates, the choice of a profession is a serious step. But the problem is that they are poorly oriented in the scientific foundations of professional self-determination, primarily psychological. Most boys and girls lack general knowledge of the psychology of personality, it is difficult for them to understand their interests, abilities, qualities and character traits. Their ideas about personality often remain at the level of everyday, everyday judgments. All this gives the right to assert that psychological education as a condition for the formation of objective self-esteem, as a condition for the right choice of profession is very necessary for our high school students.
Adequate self-esteem is available to a small number of students. Basically, they tend to either overestimate themselves or underestimate them. When reassessing, the level of claims is lower than the available capabilities. The choice of profession made on this basis ultimately leads to disappointment. Low self-esteem also adversely affects the choice of profession and personality development.
There are 3 levels of adequacy of self-esteem:
- A high level is inherent in those students whose self-esteem of interests, abilities, personal qualities fully coincides with the assessment of teachers and parents. This is confirmed by the activity with the achieved success of the student in various types of classes.
- The average level is observed when students partially overestimate or underestimate their abilities in comparison with the assessment of adults. Schoolchildren choose a profession based on their cognitive interest in school subjects, without regard to their suitability.
- A low level occurs when a sharp reappraisal or underestimation of one’s interests, abilities, and personal qualities is noticeable compared with the assessment of teachers and parents. In fact, the choice of a profession at this level of self-esteem is made unreasonably.
Self-esteem as a phenomenon of self-knowledge is not given to man by nature. It is formed in the process of personality development and has a different degree of objectivity and completeness. The formation of self-esteem, its completeness and adequacy is one of the tasks of vocational guidance.
In grades 9-11, the subject of attention of students should be professionally significant qualities. It is necessary to practice active forms and methods of work at school that would increase the level of knowledge and understanding of students about the psychology of personality, about what abilities, interests, needs, temperament, and character traits are.
Arming students with the necessary amount of vocational guidance knowledge, increasing interest in studying and understanding a person as a subject of labor, self-knowledge and testing their capabilities - all this will contribute to the formation of objective self-esteem.
List of sources used
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975
- Developmental and educational psychology / Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M .: Education, 1973
- Dragunova T.V. Teenager. M .: Knowledge, 1988
- Zhukovskaya V.I. The psychological basis of the choice of profession. Minsk: People's Asvet, 1978
- Klimov E.A. How to choose a profession. M .: Education, 1991
- Klimov E.A. School ... and then? Lenizdat, 1971
- Kon I.S. Psychology of high school student. M .: Education, 1982
- Krylova A.A., Manichev S.A. Workshop on general experimental and applied psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
- Myers D. Social Psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 1999
- Mukhina V.S. Age-related psychology. M .: Academy, 1997
- Orlov Yu.M. Self-knowledge and self-education of character. M .: Education, 1987
- Professional self-determination and youth work path. / Ed. V.L. Oslovsky, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1978
- Stolyarenko L.D. Pedagogical psychology. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2000
- Tolstykh A.V. Ages of life. M .: Young Guard, 1988
- Shavir P.A. Psychology of professional self-determination in youth. M .: Pedagogy, 1981
- Shibutani T. Social Psychology. Moscow - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1999
Expanding the circle of acquaintances; work in the specialty; trips to student camps; internships; hiking visiting a scientific circle; dates; attending conferences hitchhiking around the world; creating a family raising a child; sleep at lectures, truant discos; summer labor squads; work in the scientific community; reading scientific literature; Student To Do List
Image is the art of "managing experience." Erwin Hoffmann
Summary Surname, name, patronymic. Contact Information. Full Name. Contact Information. Goal Goal The work experience that is most important to achieve the goal. Work experience that is most important to achieve the goal. The most striking achievements in work. The most striking achievements in work. If there is no experience, then pay attention to education. If there is no experience, then pay attention to education. We list the achievements in learning. We list the achievements in learning. Skills (working on a PC, the ability to work in a group, communication skills. Skills (working on a PC, the ability to work in a group, communication skills.
The list of life goals the realization of their creative abilities in any field of art or science; become famous; self improvement; activities for the benefit of people, not necessarily for money; successful professional career; life filled with vivid impressions; wealthy life; a family.
To do this, you must first choose the right profession. In the modern world, there are more professions. It is important to be able to understand this variety. Understand the content of different professions. The requirement that they make to the person. Take into account your own inclinations, abilities, capabilities.
Classification of professions Types of professions Man-nature Man-sign system Man-technics Man-man Man-art image Types of professions Man-nature Man-sign system Man-technique Man-man Man-art image Types of professions Man-nature Man-sign system Man - Technique Man-man Man-art image Types of professions Man-nature Man-sign system Man-technics Man-man Man-art image Types of professions Man-nature Man-sign system Man-technics Man-man Man-art image Types of professions Man - nature Man - sign system Man - technology Man - man Man - art image
When choosing a profession, consider your interests (what is interesting for you at the hobby level and what can become a profession.) Own inclinations and opportunities, abilities that will ensure success in work. Information about the professions Opportunity to get the chosen specialty (training) Employment opportunities. Prospects for the development of the chosen profession.
MOO "OSh No. 6 of Enakievo"
Career Guidance "WHO TO BE?"
Practical psychologist
Volodina Natalia Igorevna
rules
- ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN TRAINING!
- SINCERITY
- TO ASK QUESTIONS
- ONE MICROPHONE
- TRAINING STOP
- LISTEN TO AND HEAR FRIEND FRIEND
- RESPECT EACH OTHER
- RAISED HAND
The road to happiness lies through labor. Other paths to happiness do not lead. (Abu Shukur.)
Labor frees us from three great evils: boredom, vice and want.
Voltaire
WORK and PROFESSION
- Work - expedient activities aimed at creating material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bnecessary for life;
All the mental and physical costs of a person during the production of these values.
- Profession - the type of labor activity (occupation) of a person who owns a set of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of special training and work experience.
"What is the profession?"
1. Who is Web Designer?
Answer : specialist for creating Internet sites
2. Who is Pharmacist ?
Answer : specialist in the manufacture, storage and sale of drugs
3. Who is Dog handler ?
Answer : specialist in breeding, raising and raising dogs
4. . Who it Underwriter ?
Answer : insurance agent
five. . Who it Merchandiser ?
Answer : Retail Specialist.
6. Who is Marketer ?
Answer : market research specialist
7. Who is Postigger ?
Answer : makes wigs, beards, mustaches and whiskers
8. Who is Logistician ?
Answer : organizes and coordinates the delivery of goods from production to points of sale
THE MOST REQUIRED PROFESSIONS
1 “THINKERS” - THE MOST FASHIONABLE PROFESSIONS
2 “ACTIVITIES” - THE MOST FORGOTTEN PROFESSIONS
3 “NEIGHBORS” - PROFESSIONS THAT ALWAYS NEED
Classification of professions by E.A. Klimov
- “Man is nature”
- "Man is man"
- “Man is technology”
- “Man is an artistic image”
- “Man is a sign system”
"Man-man"
The professions are:
- medical care (doctor, nurse, nurse),
- training and education (teacher, nanny, teacher, teacher, trainer),
- consumer services (seller, guide, waiter)
- legal protection (lawyer, investigator, district inspector).
“Man is a technique”
The professions are:
- installation, assembly and commissioning of technical devices (mason, installer, welder, design engineer)
- operation of technical equipment (driver, fireman, crane operator, turner, seamstress-minder)
- equipment repair (mechanic-repairman, mechanic, electrician for equipment repair)
“Man is a Sign System”
- with texts (proofreader, typist, translator, librarian)
- with numbers, formulas and tables (programmer, economist, accountant)
- with drawings, maps, diagrams (navigator, draftsman),
- with sound signals (radio operator, telephone operator).
« Man-artistic image "
Occupations related to:
- creation, design, modeling of works of art (artist, journalist, fashion designer, composer)
- with the reproduction, manufacture of various products according to the sketch, sample (jeweler, actor, cutter, restorer, cabinet maker, decorator)
« Nature man "
Occupations related to:
- the study of animate and inanimate nature (microbiologist, agricultural chemist, geologist),
- with the care of plants and animals (arborist, vegetable grower, livestock specialist),
- with the prevention and treatment of diseases of plants and animals (veterinarian).
"Distribute the profession"
- Composer
- The hairdresser
(Man-man)
- Programmer
(Man is a sign system)
- Veterenar
(Man is nature)
- Trolley bus driver
(Man is a technique)
- Tailor
(Man is an artistic image)
- Livestock specialist
(Man is nature)
- Joiner
(Human Technique)
- Locksmith - Plumber
(Human Technique)
- Photographer
(Man is an artistic image)
"How many professions are needed? ..."
Make a list of professions that are needed to craft the following items:
Thinkers - a textbook
"Figures" - a bun
"Interlocutors" - a school desk
Tanya does not yet know what she wants, she has no special abilities and talents, and there is not enough time to look for them. But she would not refuse wealth and glory. In general, she wants to “do what she cannot do in a situation where nobody needs it. By the way, there are many such people - more than half of all graduates. ”
№ 1
Lena wants to be like everyone else. To have your own family, home, children. She does not have enough stars from the sky and does not shine with talents. But she likes to mess with children, and they constantly lack teachers in kindergartens in the city. She decided to become a teacher. And hit the nail on the head.
№ 2
Sasha wants to be a programmer. He knows the computer like the back of his hand, reads books on programming, made his own website. And information technology is now in demand everywhere, so Sasha’s choice was the most successful.
№ 3
When a person does not know
which marina is he following
not a single wind for him
will not be passing.
Seneca
Mistakes in choosing a profession:
- Under the influence of the inner circle, without much desire;
- Passion only on the outside of the profession without taking into account its “minuses”;
- Identification of a subject with a profession;
- The transfer of a positive attitude towards a person, a representative of a particular profession, to the profession itself;
- Choosing a profession "for the company" with friends;
- Inability to understand their personal qualities;
- Ignorance or underestimation of their physical characteristics that are significant when choosing a profession;
Prejudices regarding certain professions important to society, the occupations of which are sometimes considered unworthy and indecent.
- The choice of profession for reasons of prestige;
"The important thing is not the place we occupy,
and the direction we are moving. "
It might be useful to read:
- Internet connection tracking software;
- What is the difference between xDSL modems;
- Print photos on the same day;
- Using eEPC notation to graphically describe business processes;
- Modeling business processes using ARIS (express and cloud);
- Basic e-book formats;
- Calculation of the cost of services based on the level of costs;
- Multimedia Essentials;