How to become a farmer from scratch farming. How to open a farm? Registration of entrepreneurial activity

Under the targeted state program, a subsidy for the development of a farm in the amount of 1 to 4 million rubles can be obtained. It is valid until 2020, thousands of family farms and start-up entrepreneurs have already received grants.

Any individual entrepreneur and organization can engage in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products. However, for the agricultural sector provides special conditions and special forms of management. How to become a farmer, which enterprise to create in order to receive development subsidies, tax benefits, cheap loans? To make an informed choice, you need to pay attention to such moments as:

methods of organizing peasant farming (peasant farms);
taxation, social payments to extrabudgetary funds;
profitable state support programs for agricultural producers.

Features of peasant farm: which form is better to choose

It should be noted right away that the legal status of peasant farms is ambivalent. Since 1990, they were created in the form of legal entities, and since 1994 - as individual entrepreneurs without the formation of a legal entity. In 2003, Law No. 74-ФЗ On Peasant (Farm) Farming was adopted, where it is defined as a family-related association of citizens by agreement. However, since 2012, such a voluntary entity has the right to create a legal entity - KFH-YUL.

Thus, there are now officially three varieties of farms. For their organization, the following conditions must be met:

occupation of agricultural production, as well as its processing, storage, transportation and sale;
personal participation in the activities of the economy, regardless of the presence (absence) of kinship.

How do they differ from each other?

IE registered by the head of the peasant farm, and acting alone.

In accordance with the law, peasant farms can organize one person. In this case, he is not much different from other entrepreneurs, but acquires the advantages of his special status. Registration of IP is carried out as usual. Simultaneously with the filing of the general package of required documents, two applications are filled out at once: N P21001 and N P21002 - to the KFH. An entrepreneur can work alone on the farm, or hire employees as an employer.

Peasant farm based on agreement (without legal entity).

Such a household is created as a contractual association of persons connected by family relations or kinship. Outsiders can be no more than 5 people. The property is in common joint or shared ownership, this is prescribed in the agreement. It also indicates the elected head of the peasant farm, which must have the status of IP. He makes all transactions on behalf of the economy, is his official representative in all bodies. In order for all participants to be registered as members of the farm, an agreement is submitted to the Federal Tax Service.

Anyone who voluntarily leaves the economy, loses the right to land and tools. He receives only monetary compensation commensurate with his part in the common property, and for 2 years after the release he bears subsidiary liability for total debts within his share. In fact, this form differs from sole proprietorship in more complex property relationships, and the need to pay insurance premiums for each participant.

KFH as the legal form of a legal entity (Article 86.1 of the Civil Code).

In this case, a commercial organization based on membership is formed - a corporate legal entity. The presence of family ties is not mandatory, but all other conditions must be observed:

the company carries out activities in the field of agricultural production;
a member of the organization can only be a member of the peasant farm;
each partner must make a property contribution;
all partners are required to take personal part in the work.

The owner of the property is peasant farm. However, unlike, for example, LLC, the law provides for subsidiary liability of its members for the obligations of the economy, and not limited to size. There is one more feature. A commercial organization may participate in any transactions, become bankrupt or liquidate. But the rule applies to the land: it can be sold at public auction only to those who will continue to use it for agricultural production.

These restrictions make the "legal entity" inferior. KFH-YUL is more like a simple partnership, but in the latter all participants have the status of individual entrepreneurs. The only plus is that kinship is not required. In practice, this condition is observed only for old organizations formed before 1994. Now, first, it is required to create a peasant farm by agreement, after which it acquires the right to register as a legal entity. Such a farming business has more limitations than ordinary business.

The right problem. There are no norms in the law allowing forcibly expelling a peasant member from the participants, as is allowed for other commercial organizations. Therefore, it is impossible to get rid of a partner who is not fulfilling his duties, or who has caused losses to the au pair. He can leave the farm only at his own request (Article 1, No. 74-FZ). This applies to both voluntary association by agreement and the legal entity.

Agricultural taxation and benefits

Any enterprise engaged in the agricultural complex, including farming, is entitled. It is paid in the amount of 6% (income minus expenses), and is additionally advantageous in that losses can be included in expenses as a result of crop loss. Such payers are exempt from income taxes, from personal income (PIT), property, and VAT. The benefits do not apply to income taxed at a rate of 30% and customs goods. However, peasant farms have the right to apply any other taxation system: general (OCO) or simplified tax (USN), if they consider it more suitable.

As for contributions to pensions and medical insurance (PFR, FFOMS), no exceptions are allowed. The head pays for himself as an individual entrepreneur and for members of the peasant farm, although they do not have such a status. The only relief is a fixed amount, regardless of the size of the income. So, if the agreement was signed by 5 people, then the amount increases by 5 times. For employees all taxes and social security contributions are paid as usual, depending on the size of the salary. When one of the members of the peasant farm is registered as an individual entrepreneur, for example, to engage in another type of activity, the head of the farm must still pay insurance premiums for him.

State subsidies for the reimbursement of part of the cost of paying for seeds, electricity, and equipment can be received not only by a farmer, but also by an ordinary entrepreneur working on a common system. However, the heads of peasant farms do not pay taxes on them, and individual entrepreneurs are taxed at a total rate of 13% for all income received, including material benefits (Letter of the Ministry of Finance N 03-04-05 / 34876 of 08/26/2013).

Participation in state support programs of peasant farms

Within the framework of the "State Program for the Development of Agriculture ... for 2013-2020"

11 routines. They provide a variety of forms of support: soft loans, covering losses, expenses on land registration, purchase of equipment, gasification, restoration of irrigation systems and so on. Their implementation is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, Association of Peasant farms (ACCOR). Detailed information can be found on the official websites.

In each region, its own action plan is approved, its own target program is developed, which is approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. Terms of participation in competitions for grants and subsidies are published on the websites of local administrations. Applicants must submit a business plan for the development of the economy, selection is made directly in the region (Fig. 1). For example, consider three of them.

1 “Support for beginning farmers for the period 2012-2014”

In 2013, 76 regions participated in it, 2 billion rubles were allocated for it, nearly 3,000 farmers received grants. The amount of 3.2 billion rubles was allocated for 2015, 3,500 start-up entrepreneurs received money, the average size of one farm was 1.14 million rubles.

2 "Development of family livestock farms."

This subprogramme is attended by 70 subjects of the federation. 797 farms were built and reconstructed for 1.5 billion rubles of state budget funds. The competition for participation reached 30 applications for a place. In 2015, 3.08 billion rubles were allocated, 958 households received them. The average grant amount was 4.35 million rubles per farm.

3 "Support for small business forms."

Under this program of the year, subsidies are allocated not only to peasant farms, but also to other representatives of the agricultural complex: entrepreneurs, agricultural cooperatives.

Money can be received:

for the construction (reconstruction, modernization) of industrial buildings, workshops;
laboratory equipment for veterinary examination, quality control of agricultural products;
equipping, modernizing premises for slaughtering livestock, processing, and storing meat, fish, milk, vegetables;
purchase of special vehicles: wagons, vans, trailers for transportation of goods, including leasing.

In 2015, 88 agricultural cooperatives from 25 regions received such support for a total amount of about 1 billion rubles. Of these: 34 are engaged in the processing of meat products, 33 - milk and dairy products, 21 - vegetables and berries.

Recently, the requirements for the selection of participants have been amended:

entrepreneurs with experience of only 6 months (for 3 years) are allowed to receive a grant to a novice farmer;
the term for using subsidies was extended to 18 months (it was 12), for livestock farms - 24 months (it was 18);
3 years after the full development of the allocated funds, a novice farmer can receive money for a family farm;
subsidies for the development of livestock farming are prohibited if the head of the peasant farm was previously the founder of a commercial organization;
in order to receive a grant, there should be no delay in the payment of insurance premiums, as well as penalties and fines.

conclusions

It is possible to organize farming as a business in the form of peasant farms if you draw up a good business plan and persevere by submitting applications for participation in federal and regional target programs. Also, nothing prevents farming, creating an LLC or IP. Especially if you count on the money of private investors - in the absence of restrictions in terms of personal participation, nepotism, subsidiary liability. By law, the state provides farmers with support, promotes their creation and development. Recall that in all other cases, entrepreneurship is carried out at your own peril and risk.

Recently, many citizens began to open a business in the countryside, since in the city almost all the profitable niches have long been occupied by experienced entrepreneurs. Another good reason is the ability to start without major investments. In this article we will talk about where to start farming and how to lead it to success.

How to open a farm?

If you decide to open a farm, but do not know where to start, the first thing to do is to develop a competent business plan. First, carefully consider all the costs, consult with specialists and plan all your further actions. After that, you can begin to implement the idea. The business plan will be the guiding line that will lead your business to success. The most important thing is to start successfully, and all problems can be solved as they arise.

So, where to start organizing a farm? The first thing to do is to find a suitable plot of land. It can be purchased or leased. It is most profitable to buy land. In this case, you will not worry about the fact that its owner after the lease term refuses to renew it. At present, in the regions, one hectare of agricultural land costs 2–4 thousand rubles. This is quite an affordable price even for beginners who do not have large starting capital.

After you figure out the land, you need to decide what exactly you will do.

Most popular activities:

Pig breeding;
Poultry farming;
Breeding cattle;
Growing vegetables or gourds;
Fish farming.

The easiest option, how to start farming from scratch is to choose one sphere of activity and gradually develop it. The main advantage of any farmer is that in addition to the main profit, he can receive additional income. For example, if you organized, you can simultaneously produce frozen berries, preserves and jams. Entrepreneurs who raise cows or pigs can produce sausages and stews. The cultivation of crops may be accompanied by the production of flour, pasta and cereals.

Financial investments

It is quite difficult to answer the question of how much it costs to open a farm, since the size of the initial investment depends largely on the scale of the future enterprise and field of activity. If you plan to raise cattle, you need a large start-up capital, about 2-5 million rubles. The opening of a small poultry farm will have to spend 0.7-1.5 million rubles. For beginners who are interested in how to open a farm from scratch, it is better to start with growing vegetables. In this case, you will need money only for the purchase of seed and fertilizers.

Beginning entrepreneurs who want to start their own business in the countryside often ask the question, I want to open a farm, how will the state help? You should not count on the fact that immediately after the registration of the company you can get a loan. In our country, it is issued only to those farmers who fall under the program of development of the agricultural sector. In addition, this is too troublesome, because in order to receive financial assistance, you need to find several guarantors. If you register for unemployment at an employment center, you may be given a free subsidy for starting a business in the amount of 50-60 thousand rubles.

Profit

The first profit from the farm can be obtained in 9-12 months. The payback period of a business does not depend on the direction of activity. With a competent approach, you can cover all expenses in just a year of work. After that, your income will be significantly higher than the cost of maintaining the farm. If you cannot decide, be sure to pay attention to this promising area of \u200b\u200bactivity. Many successful farmers started with a small family farm and managed to reach great heights thanks to their patience and hard work.

Business profitability

Some farmers cannot make their enterprise profitable because they do not have the appropriate knowledge and skills. But this does not mean that you need to put an end to this area of \u200b\u200bactivity. To succeed, you need to regularly update equipment and other assets, study advanced agricultural developments and stimulate land.

To increase the profitability of the business, breed several types of animals or grow different vegetables and fruits. If one part of your structure is unprofitable, the other in any case will cover all costs and allow you to make a profit.

Another effective way to increase profitability is to own farm-based production. Open a small enterprise and process finished products on your own. In addition, you need to find buyers who will purchase it in bulk at competitive prices.

Top Newbie Ideas

Are you interested in how to open a farm without large initial investments? In agriculture, you can start your own business literally from scratch. If you take responsibility for your work, over time, a small farm will turn into a highly profitable manufacturing enterprise. If you are not attracted to growing vegetables or other crops, you can do breeding:

Suppose, from childhood, you dreamed of becoming a farmer, growing natural products not only for yourself, but also for the good of society, while making money. From dawn to dusk, rolling up your sleeves, you will be busy in the ground, you are ready for hard physical work, difficult tasks and financial difficulties. And with the current political situation in the country, no one will bother you to sell your expensive suit with a tie and buy a straw hat and a pair of sturdy shoes with the proceeds.

Our congratulations. The world needs you.

According to the latest statistics in Russia there are more bus drivers than agricultural workers. But think for yourself what will happen faster, the bus driver wants to eat or the farmer wants to buy a bus ticket?

Food ranks first in the list of basic human needs, at the same level as oxygen and sleep. The planet needs nutritious and healthy food, so here and now we need real superheroes who will grow this food.

Therefore, if you really consider agriculture as your business and career, write down 9 simple rules that will certainly help you at the beginning of the chosen noble path. Of course, this is not a panacea for all future difficulties, but they will direct you on the right path of economic and agricultural sustainability.

1. Do not get into debt!

Why is this the number one item and why with an exclamation mark? Because over the past 50 years, financial debts have knocked down more farms than drought and the plague.
A huge number of farmers sold their farm under the hammer, unable to withstand financial difficulties.

In short, loans and other types of bank loans will certainly allow you to buy a new tractor, a barn, a new piece of land where you will work, gaining invaluable experience. And experience, and only experience, is the most valuable asset of agriculture, and you cannot buy it for any money.

Experience is not attached with a diploma in agriculture, and you will not get it by reading even a ton of useful and smart books. The work of the farmer consists of uncertainty, surprises, everyday problems and physical labor.

Adding monthly payments, which are added to this scary list, puts people in financial handcuffs at the very beginning of the journey.
Of course, there are times when you have to choose from two evils. Try to live within your means and not confuse necessities with objects of desire. Avoid debt for as long as possible.

2. Let the misfortune happen

It was supposed that the purpose of the article was to help you avoid this very failure. In light of this, the second rule looks ridiculous, but ...

Our entire modern world is obsessed with a paranoid thought about the inevitability of failure. There are people who are so unsure of their abilities that the fear of failure will paralyze them, and they simply will not start anything new, since they knowingly “know”, all this is not worth the effort, because by definition it has the status of doom.

Catch the pitch: when working in agriculture, you will certainly encounter a disastrous state of affairs, sooner or later. In addition, this painful and unpleasant experience will become a very important part in gaining invaluable experience and level-up, and will show you what is good for your work and which roads you need to bypass in the future. Stress will make you morally stronger and more seasoned. Fail gracefully and thoughtfully. This is the only way to experience and enjoy success to the fullest when a truck with gingerbread rolls over at your farm.

3. Explore the market in advance

Decide what you plan to do, because the scope of activity is so huge that you can easily get lost without having a specific action plan worked out in advance.
Do you want to raise cattle, grow watermelons or open your own pickled cabbage shop? Or maybe you decided to sell wool to local knitters. In what distance from your potential buyers will your lands be located, what will happen if no one starts to buy your goods, or vice versa, will buy up absolutely everything?

Before you plant the first seed from which the future tycoon of woolen socks will grow, or the first dealer of sauerkraut in the entire district, you will need to spend a lot of time to figure out what you are going to sell, in what quantities and to whom. Create a backup plan “B” in case something goes wrong. It is necessary to prepare in advance all possible ways, if not retreats, then solutions to emerging problems. Prepare a solid marketing plan in advance.

4. Explore the earth

It all depends on in which region of the country you are going to start your farming business.
Altai Krai is a traditional producer of grain, milk, meat, sugar beets, sunflowers, oil flax, long flax, hops, rapeseed and soy are also grown here. Also in the Arkhangelsk region, emphasis is placed on the development of animal husbandry.

Krasnodar Territory stands out as the most important agricultural region of the country. Almost everything is grown here.
Therefore, consider moving, the farther south your farm will be, the better.

5. Grow your “passion”

Everyone knows that agriculture is hard work. So do yourself a favor - grow what you yourself love. It will be work that brings you not only money, but also pleasure. Unfortunately, when making most decisions, we rely on the financial or traditional aspect, we do what is profitable or expected, but not what we really want and love to do.
Plant blueberries, peaches or apple trees, if you have always been greedy for these fruits or berries. And let the first harvest be both a reward and the first earnings in your future million.

6. Set reasonable goals

"Suppose I can’t feed all the nearest cities and villages until I get comfortable on the local market and get on my feet a little."

“Let's say there won't be a million in my pocket for the first time of my hard work. And until all my bills and possible debts are paid. ”

“Suppose I’m not going to expand my business until what I have will not bring stable regular income.”

In the light of such agricultural topics, it’s not a sin to screw a saying that characterizes this point. "Take it on your own, so as not to fall when walking!". And even if you are crazy, you simply cannot physically grasp the immensity.

7. Forget what others will say

There will always be those who do not accept your way of life and thinking. Whether it is close friends, or colleagues, farmers, if you suddenly decide to dramatically change your lifestyle, or decide to introduce some advanced idea into your work. Is always. Take it for granted. And just do your job.

8. Have a sense of humor

Every day, someone dies on the farm. So you go, admiring the dawn and how your rye is earning from a blow of fresh wind, and in the next frame, you gut the goose mother on the paste.

One needs to get used to this: killing a living creature, even for food, is not easy. You always need to maintain a sense of humor. A sense of self-control. And courage.

9. Read it. Ask questions

Be prepared for the fact that you have to shovel a huge number of books. And even if you are in the fourth generation, and therefore moved closer to nature - be ready to ask for advice from a more knowledgeable and experienced person.

Last but not least, be generous with your knowledge, especially with those people who want, sooner or later, to learn something from you.

Today, there are a number of state programs that are aimed at the development and support of farmers, and tax incentives for owners have been identified. This type of entrepreneurial activity has become promising in Russia. We will figure out where to start farming, what expenses will be required and how to successfully start in this business.

A farm is a commercial organization that operates on a family basis, produces agricultural products for sale in order to make a profit.

Before starting a business in this area and to draw up a business plan, decide on a direction.

Breeding industries

Livestock: horses.
: trout, carps, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, common carp, catfish.
Poultry breeding: laying hens, broiler chickens, ducks, geese, ostriches,.

What is grown

Vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, eggplant, pumpkin, potatoes, carrots.
Fruits and berries: melons, watermelons, apricots, pears, apples, strawberries, cherries, cherries, prunes, plums.
Greens: parsley, dill, onions, garlic.
Cereals: wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, sunflower, buckwheat.

This is an incomplete list, but we have listed common and traditional cultures.

What type of activity to choose additionally

When drawing up a business plan for a farm, please note that additional income from related activities is possible.

We decided to grow fruits and vegetables - in addition, establish the production of frozen vegetables and fruits.
Do you want to practice or pigs - at the same time start the production of stews, products and other delicacies from meat. Cows are also profit from the sale of dairy products: milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and others.
when growing crops, organize the production of flour, cereals or try.

How do you start when you open a farm

The Law “On Peasant (Farm) Farming” No. 74-ФЗ dated June 11, 2003 (changes from December 28, 2010 No. 420-ФЗ) determines the formation of property.

According to paragraph 1 of Article 3, any competent citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreign, stateless person, has the right to create a peasant farm. Section 2 of the article states that members can be: spouses and parents, grandparents, children, sisters, brothers, grandchildren (up to three families). Also are not relatives of the head of the person, but not more than five people.

Article 4 refers to the fact that the establishment of an economy by a group of persons will require the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

Article 5 describes the procedure for registering a peasant farm.

Registration Procedure

pay state duty;
notarize the application for registration;
submit a package of documents to the IFTS;
register with the Funds;
receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
open a bank account.

About state support of agriculture

There are a number of benefits for newly established enterprises, but when you need a loan for the development of the agricultural business, do not expect to get a loan from the state. It is available to farmers included in the agro-industrial complex development program. It also implies guarantors.

You are not a pensioner and do not work - apply to the employment service with an application for inclusion in the self-employment program so that you can receive state assistance from 50 to 60 thousand rubles for opening an FE in the agricultural sector.

Farming is a profitable type of business, which, however, is very risky and expensive. Consider the main sectors of the farm and the features of their implementation, as well as the reasons for such a rapid development of livestock in Russia.

Farm business development

The farm business in Russia, in particular animal husbandry, is gaining more and more popularity and development over the years due to the following factors:

the presence of state programs that, subject to certain conditions by farmers, in order to support newly established farms and national producers, provide subsidies, tax benefits, grants, initial capital, allocate land for farming;
rising food prices, which increases the profit of farmers;
food products produced by farms, namely meat, milk, eggs, cheese, honey, cottage cheese, are always in demand in the markets and have their own customer base, as they provide basic consumer needs;
restriction of access to the market for products of foreign suppliers and manufacturers - national manufacturers, in turn, do not experience such restrictions;
a wide range of types of economic activity, the emergence and development of new species (for example, ostrich breeding farms);
the products of a national producer inspire confidence among consumers and are in demand;
the possibility of obtaining a permanent customer base and markets for products.

Thus, the farming business is a profitable and promising activity that is developing rapidly and at certain costs can bring significant revenues that will fully pay back the invested funds and time spent.

Farming

The farm is divided into 2 main sectors:

agriculture (cultivation of various types of crops: rice, wheat, barley, etc.);
animal husbandry.

Animal breeding as a business includes the following sub-sectors:

pig breeding;
cattle breeding (cattle breeding);
sheep breeding;
poultry farming;
breeding bees;
horse breeding;
breeding ostriches;
reindeer husbandry;
rabbit breeding;
fur farming and others.

The most developed pigs, poultry, sheep and cattle.

Cattle breeding meets the needs of the population in milk and meat, beef and veal are of high quality and high cost.

Poultry farming provides the market with meat and eggs, and poultry meat (turkeys, chickens, ducks, indole) is more in demand than beef and pork, due to the lower cost of meat and the absence of difficulties in breeding poultry on farms. Chicken meat is the most demanded meat in the markets; breeding chickens is a promising and profitable type of activity.

Pig farming is a rapidly developing type of economic activity. Pork is the second most demanded meat in the markets, after chicken, this meat is cheaper than beef and has high quality, nutrition and calorie content.

For its development, sheep farming requires a large number of pastures and provides markets not only with meat and milk, but also with wool.

Pig breeding as a business

Before you start pig breeding, you should keep in mind that although this is a highly profitable type of activity, it, like any type of farming activity, requires a lot of effort, time and significant financial costs to achieve the result.

The basic rules that you must follow if you decide to engage in pig farming

1. Decide on the location of the farm, taking into account: established standards for proximity to settlements, the minimum required farm area, distance from water sources.

2. Prepare the necessary documents for the signature of the administration. Find out under what conditions it is possible to receive state subsidies, benefits, etc.

3. Examine the market structure, namely the supply and demand for pig meat and fat in the markets in your area. As a rule, lean and lean pork, fat with a meat layer (loin) have the greatest demand.

4. Prepare a business plan that, when calculating financial expenses, will show the effectiveness of pig farming and potential profit. Financial expenses include the following costs:

purchase of pigs;
construction or rental of premises;
purchase of inventory and equipment;
salary to staff;
stern;
payment for veterinarian services, vaccinations, etc.

The plan also needs to assess the possible risks of the enterprise and indicate the stages of the project with actions at each stage.

5. Build pigsties, sheds, purchase the necessary inventory and equipment, feed.

6. Hire qualified personnel (livestock, handymen, pig farmers, etc.).

7. Much attention should be paid to the selection of pig breeds. Breeds of pigs are specially bred for the production of:

meat;
meat and fat;
meat and bacon;
bacon
sala.

Breeds for the production of meat and bacon received the greatest demand, because meat brings more income than fat. Females and males must be purchased from different suppliers in order to prevent genetic mutations in the offspring.

8. Be sure to periodically disinfect pigsties, equipment, destroy rodents, provide regular vaccinations and examinations of offspring and adults by a veterinarian.

But do not wait for instant results, because the pig farm pays off in about 2-3 years. Also successful is the combination of growing potatoes, corn, etc. with raising pigs, because the cost of feed in this case is reduced; profitable is the organization of its production of meat and sausage products and lard (for example, you can organize a smokehouse of meat and lard).

Poultry farming as a business

Breeding poultry as a business, especially chickens and turkeys, requires lower financial costs than, for example, pig breeding, since poultry is less whimsical, but brings a steady income, because poultry is very popular due to its low cost, diet, low calorie content.

Before you start poultry farming, draw up a business plan that will help you calculate the possible profit and the time after which it will be received, as well as financial costs (for the purchase of young animals, feed, vaccinations, renting a territory, building premises, equipment, etc.) existing risks.

How to become a poultry farmer from scratch?

Consider the main factors that must be considered if you decide to engage in breeding birds.

1. The choice of breed depends on the direction of your farm. Breeds of chickens are:

meat production (cornish, red white-tailed);
for the production of eggs (Leghorn, Russian whites, Pavlovsk, Minors);
for the production of eggs and meat (Loman Brown, Moscow black, Kuchin).

It is most profitable to buy chicken breeds that are adapted for the production of both eggs and meat.

2. Having your own garden reduces the cost of feed for birds; in the spring-summer period, chickens can and should be grazed in the garden.

3. To obtain high-quality home-made meat, special attention should be paid to bird food. So, the diet of chickens should include in addition to compound feed: dandelions, nettles, carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, beets and other vegetables and herbs.

4. The premises for chickens should be equipped with everything necessary: \u200b\u200bfeeders, drinking bowls, thermometers, instruments for measuring the humidity of the room. Each breed has its own characteristics. So, egg breeds need ventilation, specially equipped perches, free space, good lighting (the room should be lit from 6 am to 9 pm, lighting failure is stress for the bird and its egg production is reduced or completely stopped) and thermal insulation.

5. Purchase and equipment of an incubator will help to save on young animals, laid eggs laid on a laying hen are laid in an incubator, which must be equipped with a thermometer. If the incubator is the simplest and not automatic, the eggs are turned over manually (3 times a day). From 60 eggs laid in the incubator, you can get from 45 or more chickens.

6. Purchased young animals should be vaccinated and given antibiotics to prevent possible diseases.

7. Regular disinfection of premises should be carried out; if a disease is suspected, isolate sick birds to be slaughtered, invite a veterinarian to make a final diagnosis, and vaccinate.

Breeding of birds is a profitable, and most importantly simple and affordable type of activity that does not require the construction of special premises, rent of a large territory of the earth.

Birds can also be raised in old sheds, which only need to be equipped with everything necessary, a personal plot or a garden will be enough. Breeding chickens is the most popular type of poultry farming, chickens are unpretentious in feeding and care, have high egg production and, when properly cared for, provide valuable and sought-after meat.

Breeding cattle

So, what does it take to become a cattle farmer? Before dealing directly with the breeding itself, draw up a detailed business plan, which should include yourself:

planned production volumes;
production part (expenses for the purchase of feed);
marketing part (advertising, product prices);
organizational part (information about suppliers, purchasers, staff);
risk assessment;
financial part (sources of financial support, planned income).

breeding of young individuals for sale;
meat supply;
milk supply;
supply of meat and milk;
processing animal skins;
production of dairy products (cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese);
production of meat products (sausage products).

The next step will be to go around all authorities, prepare documentation and obtain permits (for construction on sites, etc.).

One of the most important aspects of organizing livestock breeding as a business is livestock purchase. What to consider:

selection and purchase is best carried out with the participation of an experienced veterinarian, livestock breeder;
the main meat breeds of cows: Hereford, Charolese, Limousine, Salers, Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed and others. Dairy breeds: black-motley, red steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogorsk;
a healthy dairy cow, which will produce a large amount of milk, has a barrel-shaped stomach, a long head, small horns, strong muscles, special attention should be paid to the udder of the cow. The udder of the cow should be large, the skin elastic, the shape of the udder cup-like. Cows with a round udder will give little milk. When buying, be sure to milk the cow, while hardening should not be felt in the udder, it should be soft and supple. A healthy cow has a clear view, there is no cough, the gait is hard and light, the narrow back and sagging back are considered to be shortcomings;
read the documents on the animal, the vaccination card.

Cows need to be provided with pasture, fodder must be purchased, hay must be prepared for the winter, regular disinfection of cribs and vaccinations is mandatory, and premises for slaughterhouses must also be equipped.

Beef and veal is an expensive and high-quality meat that is in demand among consumers. To increase income from livestock raising, it is necessary to organize the processing of meat, milk and produce for sale cheese, cottage cheese, kefir, sausages, sour cream, fermented baked milk, etc.

How to become a successful farmer?

In order to become a successful farmer, it should be borne in mind that farming does not involve instant profit, it requires significant financial costs. Livestock farming is one of the most risky types of business, since there is always a risk of epidemics, natural disasters that can lead to animal pestilence, loss of farm and bankruptcy of farmers.

Keep in mind that manufacturing quality products is only the first step. The second stage is its implementation. You can find markets, or you can open your own stores, which will generate income, but will also require additional costs for the rental of premises, personnel, equipment, etc.

The farm in Russia receives state support and brings businessmen a high income, but also requires large investments and time, as well as the preparation of a detailed business plan. The main livestock industries in Russia and around the world are pig breeding, poultry farming and cattle breeding, as their products are always in high demand, both on national and foreign markets.

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