A presentation on everything about chemical fertilizers. Presentation for the lesson "mineral fertilizers". Better assimilated nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thanks to boron

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Apatite Ca5 (PO4) 3 (F, OH)

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Mining of phosphorites in the Voskresensky district

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Phosphate fertilizers. eleven

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JSC Voskresensk Mineral Fertilizers.

"White Mountain" in the vicinity of Voskresensk. The mountain is a waste product of the Voskresensk chemical plant. For many years, the plant has poured a pile 80 meters high and about 700 meters in diameter. Even at the entrances to Voskresensk, it is clearly visible. You can make gypsum from this material, but ... 12

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KCI-potassium chloride In nature in the form of the mineral sylvinite (KCI + NaCI) It was salt - "permyanka" along with valuable furs that was the main source of income for "Lord Novgorod the Great". Salt formed the basis of the wealth of the Stroganovs, Golitsyns, Shakhovsks. Perm salt - "Permyanka" - was traded not only in Russia, but also in other European countries.

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Potash fertilizers. 14

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Salt dumps in Solikamsk

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The main source of raw materials is natural and coke oven gas. Metallurgical plants are also suppliers of raw materials. 16

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Mineral fertilizers The work was carried out by RS Sidorova, a chemistry teacher of the Volovskaya OOSh MOU.

Justus Liebig (1803-1873) - the largest German chemist, one of the founders of agronomic chemistry. In 1840 Liebig published his book Organic Chemistry as Applied to Agriculture and Physiology, which played a huge role in agronomy. In it, Liebig brilliantly summarized all the chemical knowledge accumulated by that time about the patterns of plant nutrition and outlined a new theory of the mineral nutrition of plants.

Nutrients and their role in plant life. Nitrogen N The main nutrient for all plants: without nitrogen, the formation of proteins and many vitamins, especially B vitamins, is impossible. Lack of nitrogen affects primarily the growth of plants: the growth of lateral shoots is weakened, leaves, stems and fruits are smaller.

Phosphorus R Accelerates the development of plants, stimulates flowering and fruiting, and promotes intensive growth of the root system. With a lack of phosphorus, inhibited growth is observed (especially in young plants), short and thin shoots, small, prematurely falling leaves. Signs of a lack of phosphorus on tomato leaves.

Potassium K Accelerates the process of photosynthesis, maintains the necessary water regime in plants, reduces the susceptibility to diseases, promotes metabolism and the formation of carbohydrates - the accumulation of starch in potato tubers, sucrose in sugar beets, increases drought resistance and frost resistance of plants. Lack of potassium usually causes a growth retardation, as well as the development of buds or rudimentary inflorescences. Yellowing and dying off of the tips of the leaves are signs of a lack of potassium.

Chlorosis at the edges of poinsettia leaves is a sign of magnesium deficiency. Damaged top leaves of the plant reflect calcium deficiency. Yellowed top leaves of cabbage are a sign of sulfur deficiency. Chlorosis on the upper leaves of a plant is a sign of iron deficiency. Small and twisted young tobacco leaves are a sign of boron deficiency.

Point chlorosis of cherry leaves is a sign of manganese deficiency. The disappearance of turgor in tomato leaves indicates a lack of copper. Shortened lemon shoots with small leaves indicate a lack of zinc. Pale green cucumber leaves with marginal necrosis are a sign of molybdenum deficiency.

these are substances containing three nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - and capable of dissociating into ions in a soil solution. Mineral fertilizers -

Fertilizers Simple Complex nitrogen phosphorus potash complex mixed Classification of fertilizers

Allowable daily intake of nitrates for an adult: human - 5 mg / kg. With excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, nitrate and nitrite ions accumulate in excess in it. environmental consequences associated with the use of mineral fertilizers Under the influence of a large dose of nitrates, acute poisoning is observed (allergic pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, pain in the heart, cough, vomiting, etc.). The lethal dose is 8-15 g.

PO 4 3-, NO 3 -, K + Lake overgrowth Fish death

Describe the role of the main nutrients (N, P, K) in plant life. 2. What substances are used as mineral fertilizers? 3. Is it possible to believe the signs on the vegetable counters of the markets "Products without nitrates"? Give an explanation. 4. Do you think it is advisable to use ammonium sulfate while liming the soil? Explain the answer, make up the reaction equation. Test questions

Thank you for the lesson!

It is impossible to grow crops without fertilizers, especially in the non-chernozem zone. Their constant application to the soil is required. It is very important to comply with the norms and show ecological culture in the use of fertilizers. The production of mineral fertilizers is the most important task chemical industry... It is especially important to improve the quality of fertilizers, to increase the proportion of concentrated, complex, granular fertilizers. conclusions

Where do the plants get the elements they need? Where do the plants get the elements they need? Where does the carbon come from? Where does the carbon come from? Where can a plant get oxygen and hydrogen from? Where can a plant get oxygen and hydrogen from? What is the source of nitrogen for plants? What is the source of nitrogen for plants?

German chemist, academician. One of the founders of agrochemistry. In 1840 he proposed a theory of the mineral nutrition of plants. On the basis of numerous analyzes, he found that each plant needs 10 elements for normal life: C, H, O, N, Ca, K, P, S, Mg, and Fe. He also found that the most important of these elements are three - N, K, P. Y. Liebikh)

Working hypothesis: Having received data on the classification of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate their composition and properties. Having received data on the classification of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to study their composition and properties, and learn to recognize samples of the most important fertilizers; learn to recognize samples of the most important fertilizers; find out what effect mineral fertilizers have on plant nutrition. find out what effect mineral fertilizers have on plant nutrition.

Chemical experiment (frontal work) Investigation of mineral fertilizers Substance X: white granules, easily sublimated when heated, dissolved in water, and when a few drops of barium chloride solution are added to the solution, a white precipitate is formed; when the granules are dissolved in alkali and heated, a gas with a pungent odor is formed, which changes the color of the wet litmus paper from red to blue. Substance X: white granules, easily sublimated when heated, dissolves in water, and when a few drops of barium chloride solution are added to the solution, a white precipitate is formed; when the granules are dissolved in alkali and heated, a gas with a pungent odor is formed, which changes the color of the wet litmus paper from red to blue. Substance U: gray granules, insoluble in water; adding a few drops of silver nitrate solution produces a yellow precipitate; colors the flame brick red. When potassium carbonate is added, a white precipitate forms. Substance U: gray granules, insoluble in water; adding a few drops of silver nitrate solution produces a yellow precipitate; colors the flame brick red. Adding potassium carbonate produces a white precipitate

Task for group 1 "Unlucky farmer" In late autumn, after plowing the land, the farmer decided what is called to kill two birds with one stone: lime the areas with acidic soil and feed it with superphosphate (after all, he believed that chemistry is indispensable). However, in the spring it turned out that the desired effect was not achieved. Why?

Task for group 2 "Experienced neighbor" An experienced neighbor, feeling sorry for the young farmer, suggested that he correct the mistake by introducing a highly soluble fertilizer containing phosphorus into the soil. He forgot its name, but brought a neat record of the analysis results (%): Nitrogen - 12.2, Hydrogen - 5.5, Phosphorus - 27.0, Oxygen - 55.6. What is this substance?

Help to the farmer Given: Solution: W (N) \u003d 12.2% Ratio of elements in the substance W (H) \u003d 5.5% NN: H: P: O \u003d W (P) \u003d 27.0% 12.2 / 14 : 5.5 / 1: 27.0 / 31: 55.6 / 16 \u003d W (O) \u003d 55.6% 0.87: 5.5: 0.87: 3.47 \u003d ______________ 1: 6: 1 : 4 Formula? NH6PO4 or NH4 H2PO4 Answer: NH4 H2PO4 - ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Task for group 3 "Young gardener" A young gardener needs to apply mineral fertilizer to the soil, but neither the name nor its formula has been preserved on the package. Fortunately, the following record has been preserved: nitrogen 12.2%, hydrogen 5.5%, phosphorus 27.0%, oxygen 55.6%. Will the gardener be able to determine this substance according to the specified data? A young gardener needs to apply mineral fertilizer to the soil, but neither the name nor its formula has been preserved on the package. Fortunately, the following record has been preserved: nitrogen 12.2%, hydrogen 5.5%, phosphorus 27.0%, oxygen 55.6%. Will the gardener be able to determine this substance according to the specified data?

Task for group 4 “Chemical production” Today the chemical industry creates new formulations of fertilizers with improved qualities. These are superphosphate, ammophos, sylvinite and others. To obtain soil-soluble superphosphate, natural phosphate is reduced with coal: The reaction product is double superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4) 2) so called because of a process that takes place in two stages, and it also contains about 50% P2O5, and the simple one contains 20 %. Create a chain of transformations from natural phosphate to double superphosphate. Write down the reaction equations.

Answer: Ca3 (PO4) 2 P P2O5 H3PO4 Ca (H2PO4) 2 1.Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 5C + 3 SiO2 \u003d 2P + 5CO + 3 CaSiO3 1.Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 5C + 3 SiO2 \u003d 2P + 5CO + 3 CaSiO3 2.4P + 5O2 \u003d 2P2O5 2.4P + 5O2 \u003d 2P2O5 3.P2O5 + 3H2O \u003d 2H3PO4 3.P2O5 + 3H2O \u003d 2H3PO4 4.Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 4H3PO4 \u003d 3Ca (H2PO4) 2 4.Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 4H3PO4 \u003d 3Ca (H2PO4) 2

The effect of increased amounts of nitrates and their derivatives on the human body -NO 3 The human body Methemoglobin formation Dysfunctions of enzyme systems Effect on the functions of the central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, metabolism Impaired immune status Conceragenic effect of nitrosoamines formed in the body Decrease resistance of the organism to the action of carcinogenic, mutagenic and other factors

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