History of the creation and development of Google. Should you invest in Google shares? From whom did Google receive its first funding?

Hello friends. This is our everything - search engines. Just twenty years ago, the phrases “Google”, “Google can help you” or “search in Yandex” could puzzle any person, but now even small children understand them. Here is the story of the creation of Yandex and Google, the most popular search engines that make our lives easier every day and bring billions to their creators.

The history of Google

Google first appeared in America, namely on the territory of Stanford University, where its founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page met. Their meeting was completely accidental. Larry, along with other students, simply came on an excursion to Stanford University, and his guide turned out to be Sergey Brin. They both had Jewish roots, but unlike Larry, who was Native American, Sergei was from Russia. He moved to America when he was still a schoolboy. Later, a chance meeting and the ensuing conversation grew into a strong friendship.

The idea of creating a good search system came to the guys about a year after they met, when two young graduate students decided to surprise their teachers. They created a search engine called "PageRank". People quickly fell in love with it, surprising them with its quality of information search. It became much easier to find it; in other search engines, the first links to appear were those that contained more keywords, that is, the search for information was carried out by the number of similar words in the text, but the meaning was very poor. When creating his search engine, Larry took the works of scientists as a model. The scheme was as follows - the better the robot was, the more people referred to this scientist. The search engine worked the same way: the better the information, the higher it rose among the links.

Why is Google Google?

In order for the system to work, all that remains is to choose a name. It had to be short and interesting. The creators considered more than fifty names, but after careful selection, Brin and Page finally settled on the term “googol,” which means one to the hundredth power. Thus, already in 1997, students and teachers at Stanford University were able to evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages of the new creation.

Design

Many users fell in love with the search engine precisely because of the simplicity of its design. As it turned out, colored letters on a white background were not the original idea of brilliant programmers. That was all Larry and Sergey had enough money for, let alone hiring designers. They, as they say, did everything “simple and tastefully.”

Heyday

1998 was a turning point in the development of Google. It was then that Google Inc was registered, the first office was rented (in fact, it was an ordinary garage), the first employees were hired and the first check was received from investor - millionaire Andy Bechtolstein for 100 thousand dollars. And then Google moves from office to office, signs a contract with another major American corporation, conquers Sydney and South America and acquires the Blogger publishing service in the USA. The second most important year was 2004, when the stock market saw shares of a successful company for the first time, and its founders became billionaires.

Development

Every year, Google is actively developing and coming up with new services and developments. So, the most popular today are Google+ is a social network that was created not so long ago in 2011 so that people could communicate via the Internet.

Google Docs is a service in which you can store text documents, various presentations and tables.
Google Drive is a service for storing private information. Each person can store up to 15GB of information and access it from anywhere in the world.
Gmail – email.
Maps – geographical maps. They are convenient because you can calculate the route based on mileage and time.
Play is a gaming application store.
Picasa is a service for working with applications.
News – a collection of news from around the world. They are formed from publication titles and are displayed depending on the user's preferences.
Google also created its personal browser, Google Chrome, which today is one of the most convenient and frequently used browsers in the world.

History of the creation of Yandex

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Arkady Volozh - founder of Yandex

Yandex appeared in Russia on September 23, 1997. One of its founders was Russian programmer Arkady Volozh. He wanted to create a system that would be able to find information in large volumes, and, importantly, would take into account the morphology of the language. But this was still a long way off, and Volozh, together with his English teacher, in 1989 created the company CompTek, which sold computers. In the same year, Arkady persistently continued to achieve his goal, therefore, together with another friend Arkady Borkovsky, he created the Arcadia company for the development of search and information systems. In 1993 the two companies merged. At the same time, a program was created to search on a computer’s hard drive.

The mystery of the name

The program needed to be called something, but a suitable name could not be found. We also considered the option of the name “Search”, but since we wanted to show that the system was developed in Russia, it was necessary to introduce an element of the Russian language, and the word search was not understandable to Russian people. The word “Yandex” was suggested by Volozh’s school friend Ilya Segalovich, who later became director of technology. He thought that the word “index” was more in harmony with the Russian language, but since the system was not the first in Russia, the phrase “yet another index” (another indexer) came to his mind. As a result, “Yandex” appeared, and it was decided to replace the first “Ya” with the Russian “Ya”.

Development

In the same year, 1993, the first search dictionary was created, which, as Volozh wanted, took into account the morphology of the Russian language. And the very next year the “Bible Computer Reference Book” was created.

In 1995, they decided to launch the search system on the Internet, but initially it worked only with selected resources, and later with all Russian-speaking ones. The turning point and official birthday of Yandex is considered to be September 23, 1997, when the search engine was first exhibited at the Softool exhibition.

At the time when Yandex appeared on the Internet, it was not the only search engine. Many preferred the same Rambler or Altavista, which was the most popular search engine in Russia at that time. But Yandex was rapidly gaining momentum, and by mid-1999, Yandex brought the owners about 72 thousand dollars. In 2000, the RuNetHolding company invested good money in Yandex, but still had to sell some of the shares. It was then that Yandex became a separate company, with its own structure, budget and management. Arkady Volozh became the CEO of Yandex.

In the same year, Yandex expanded its capabilities: Yandex bookmarks, Yandex.mail, and Postcards appeared. The company's staff has also increased. Another significant advance was the emergence of Yandex Bar - specialized software.

All this influenced the fact that already next year Yandex became number one in terms of traffic on the Runet. Yandex continued to develop. Yandex Pictures and Yandex Money appeared. With each subsequent year, Yandex only actively developed and expanded its staff.

Design

Initially, Yandex's design was as simple as Google's. On the main page the name of the search engine was written, as well as examples of queries and a couple of hot news. The design was finalized in several stages. So the second stage was in 1999. Then the design of the Yandex home page had already become close and even similar to the real thing. The categories were improved, and windows with mail, advertising, forums, etc. appeared. In 2001, the Yandex main page was improved and was already approaching today's version. The final version of the changes to the main page was the 2003 version, after which the design did not change radically, but was only refined in places.

Thus, Google and Yandex have gone through a short, but very actively developing path of formation. None of the search engines today stands still and every day they develop more and more new services to make life easier. These are the world's leading search engines, processing millions of queries every day. Many people can no longer imagine their lives without these lifesavers - they have become such commonplace things.

Which search engine do you prefer? What do you usually do - Google or type into Yandex? Pavel Yamb was with you, see you soon

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Google is a search engine with additional tools and services.

We can say that Google.com is Sherlock Holmes with his card index, in which data on all the figures of the criminal world is laid out by first and last name, and he easily knows where and how to find any information. In addition, the detective will play the violin for you or entertain you with an interesting conversation. Naturally, the search engine finds not only information about criminals. Everything and about everything is available to him exclusively.

When did Google appear and who founded it?

The history of Google begins in 1998, when the search engine began to be used at Stanford University, where its founders, Larry Page (USA) and Sergey Brin (emigrant, born in the USSR), studied.

Both students were working on solving the problem of searching large data warehouses. At that time, search engines were already working, but the results of their work were unsatisfactory. The search was carried out using keywords, and spam was included in the results. The new system took into account backlinks. If there were a lot of them on the resource, this meant that the portal was relevant to the request and authoritative.

As an example, the developers took references in scientific circles. The more scientists refer to the person in question, the higher their status, the more authoritative the person himself becomes. This is how PR (PageRank) appeared - one of the indicators of ranking and weight of a page and the site as a whole, which raised the quality of search and generally made a fundamental turn in its algorithm.

Mathematicians asked the first users of Stanford to express their impressions and comments, according to which they modified the search engine.

What does the name mean

The initial word was the concept of Googol - 1 and 100 zeros after it. Initially, the new search engine was supposed to be called GooglePlex (10 to the power of googol), but the creators found it unmemorable and awkward to write. Therefore, we settled on the shortened version.

In 1998, the developers registered the company Google-Inc., which received a significant amount for development from one sponsor. With this money, they purchased servers that began to process the growing number of requests to Google.com.

How Google works and how it works

Google uses two important principles: document text analysis and incoming link counting.

Based on the text, link weight and all keys, the search engine determines the position of the resource in the search results. The search is carried out using a previously indexed database of reverse indexes. It also contains saved copies of pages, on the basis of which snippets are generated.

The PS will add the site to its index if the webmaster sends a link to it to the addurilka, or finds your web project via an incoming link from another resource. Backlinks are collected as each page is indexed.

Related Google services

AdSense, AdWords – contextual advertising systems.
YouTube is the most popular video hosting site.
Chrome is a popular web browser.
Analytics – a counter for analyzing web resource traffic.
Google+ is a social network.
Play – applications for mobile gadgets.
Disk – data storage in the cloud.
Mail – exchange of electronic letters.
Photo – storage of photo albums, exchange of photos.
Docs – working with documents, text editors, viewing and editing documents from anywhere in the world.
Maps is a cartography system around the world with point objects.
Calendar – event planner.
Hangouts – online chat.
Talk – messenger, messaging.

This is not a complete list. There is also a Translator, News, Notes, Website Hosting, Virtual Printer, Questions and Answers and much more.

Features of promotion on Google

Promotion in this search engine is different from Yandex. In general, both PS have their own characteristics and their sites are ranked differently.

Google works a little faster (indexing, issuing, crawling by robot).
Google takes into account the anchors of all links from the same text leading to the receiving page.
Structured unique texts are necessary for any search engine.
In Google, regions are countries, and in Yandex - cities and regions.
Google highlights the weight of each page, while the Russian PS gives importance to the weight of the site as a whole.
Google prefers the exact occurrence of the key query in the incoming link.
Google stores all pages in its database. And Yandex filters out duplicate content and other low-quality documents.
The Google database consists of a main and supplemental index. Documents included in supplemental are almost not included in the search.

Reasons for getting into supplemental

Non-unique content.
A small amount of text on the page.
Meta tags are not specified, or they are not unique, or they consist of only one word.

Google's share in Russia is constantly growing. In recent years, a growth trend has emerged due to the release of mobile gadgets with a built-in OS, which by default links the user’s Google account for the correct functioning of the mobile device. Therefore, every optimizer should know about this system and the features of promotion in it.

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Even 20 years ago it was still difficult to imagine that computers would become so firmly entrenched in the everyday life of every person.

Work, relax, communicate - all this can be done using a device with Internet access. And being on the World Wide Web and not knowing what Google is is the same as living in Paris and missing the Eiffel Tower.

Advanced search technologies and a huge number of useful services have made this company the true king of the Internet.

Who do you need to be to conquer the world? For some, this will require an army of well-trained soldiers, and for others, beauty. But nowadays more and more people are gaining recognition and respect for their intelligence.

Many biographies of famous personalities contain descriptions of ordinary guys who started creating in their own garage. All they had initially were brains with bright ideas.

The history of Google began with precisely these young people who were ready to work hard to bring their plans to life:

The path from zero to billions

There is a deep domestic trace in the formation and development of Google. The talented mathematician Sergei Brin, who emigrated to the United States at the age of five, was at the very beginning of the company and still manages it today:

To understand the amazing transformation from “nothing” to a giant at the forefront of modern technology, it is necessary to note the most important stages in the development of Google.

1995 Sergey Brin volunteered to give a tour of Stanford University to students, one of whom was Larry Page. The student and the “tour guide” immediately began to argue about everything in the world, which became the basis for further strong friendship and the same cooperation;
1996 Development of a search system, the operation of which was based on PageRank technology, the essence of which is the ranking of sites depending on the link juice obtained using backlinks. This technology was a real revolution, since previously the main criterion for search engines was the number of keywords on a resource page;
1997 Google has found its name. It’s simply impossible to imagine how much information there is on the World Wide Web, so Sergey and Larry decided to choose as the name the number that is closest to “ it's impossible to imagine how much" A googol is a hundred zeros added to one. The spelling of the word was slightly corrected for euphony;
August 1998. The only question Andy Bechtolsteim (one of the founders of Sun) was: " In whose name should the check be written??. One hundred thousand dollars went to the account of the not yet born Google Inc;
September 1998. The company moves to its first office - a garage. There are already 3 employees on staff.
February 1999. The company already has 8 people and rents an office in Palo Alto.
September 1999. Moving to our own building located in Mountain View.
year 2000. Google signs an agreement with Yahoo, becoming the main provider of information search services and the largest search engine in the world.
year 2001. The company expanded its influence in South America. The search engine's index includes 3 billion documents.
2002 A new office opens in Sydney.
2003 Google buys Pyra Labs, whose best-known technology was Blogger.
2004 The main office is moving to a new building, the number of employees has increased to 800 people. Google goes public for the first time, offering its shares on NASDAQ. Larry Page and Sergey Brin become billionaires.

Subsequently, things went better and better for Google, and today it is no longer possible to imagine using the Internet without the popular services that the company has developed.

Services we can't live without

Throughout its existence, Google wasted no time. The company has developed a huge number of useful services, the most popular of which should at least be listed:

Google+ is a social network launched in 2011. A distinctive feature is the Google Circles system:

Google Docs is a service that allows you to create text documents, tables and presentations. Data can be saved in cloud storage;
Google Drive is a virtual drive on which you can store up to 15 GB of your own information and access it from anywhere in the world:

AdSense – contextual advertising that is automatically placed according to the topic of the page;
Analytics is a tool for developers and SEO optimizers. Provides detailed statistics on the operation of a web resource:

Gmail – email;
Maps – geographic maps with which you can easily calculate the route to your destination:

News – news generated from the headlines of the most popular publications in the world. The composition of categories is displayed according to user preferences;
Play – game application store;
Picasa is a service that allows you to work with images.

Your personal browser

One of the company's outstanding achievements was the creation of the Google Chrome browser, which immediately proved to be competitive in a market where, it would seem, there could be no competition.

Google appeared in March 1996 as a scientific project of Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Ph.D., Stanford students worked on the Stanford Digital Library Project (SDLP). SDLP was the goal of "Developing advanced technologies for a single, integrated and universal digital library." and were funded by the National Science Foundation, among other federal agencies. In search of a topic for his dissertation, Page considered, among other things, studying the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, representing the structure of links in the form of a huge graph. His thesis advisor, Terry Winograd, encouraged him to take this idea (which Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever received"), and Page focused on the problem of figuring out which web pages link to a given page by looking at the number and the nature of such backlinks in terms of the value of the information on the page (similar to the role of citations in scientific publications). In this scientific project, called "BackRub", he was soon joined by Sergey Brin, a Ph.D. Stanford, supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Brin was already a close friend of Page, whom he first met in the summer of 1995 in a group of freshmen whom Brin volunteered to show around campus.

PageRank

The search robot began indexing Internet pages in March 1996, set up from Page's home page at Stanford. To convert the collected data into the importance level of a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm. After analyzing BackRub's results, which consisted of a list of URLs ranked by the number of backlinks to a given URL, they realized that a search engine based on PageRank would produce better results than existing search algorithms (existing search engines at the time ranked pages by the number of times the search word appeared on the page). A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services (an affiliate of Dow Jones) developed by Robin Lee, since 1996, has already explored a similar page ranking and ranking strategy. RankDex's technology was patented and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.

The search engine was originally located on Stanford's website at google.stanford.edu. The google.com domain was registered on September 15, 1997.

Brin and Page were against the use of pop-up ads in search results, or the sponsored search results model, and they wrote a research paper on the topic in 1998 while still students. However, they soon changed their minds and early on allowed the inclusion of simple text ads, which are now Google's main source of revenue.

Company Creation

Google received its first funding in August 1998 in the form of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsteim, one of the founders of the late Sun Microsystems. Google was officially incorporated on September 4, 1998, in a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.

The name "Google" comes from the word "googol", meaning the number 1 followed by one hundred zeros.. (Although Enid Blyton used the phrase "Google Bun" in The Magic Faraway Tree (published 1943). Increasingly used in everyday language, the verb "to google" was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006 as meaning "using Google to search the Internet."

By the end of 1998, Google had indexed approximately 60 million pages. The home page still had a "BETA" label, but an article in Salon.com had already claimed that Google's search results were better than other search engines such as Hotbot or Excite.com, and praised Google for greater technological innovation than had overloaded portal sites (such as Yahoo!, Excite.com, Lycos, Netscap's Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com and MSN.com), which during the growing dot-com bubble were seen as the "future of the web", especially by investors stock market.

In March 1999, the company moved its offices to 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, where other Silicon Valley technology startups were located. After rapid growth, the company leased a building complex in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheater Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 1999. The company has remained at this location ever since and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a pun on Googleplex, the number equal to 1 with a googol of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.

Google Search attracted a loyal following among a growing number of Internet users who loved its simple interface. In 2000, Google began selling advertising related to search keywords. The advertisement was text-based, without cluttering the page design or reducing its loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of bid price and number of clicks, with prices starting at $0.05 per click. This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing). Although many of its competitors failed to break into the new Internet market, Google was quietly rising.

Capitalization

At the beginning of 2003, the famous British company Interbrand declared Google the brand of the year. The search engine managed to beat out Apple and Coca-Cola in this title. Despite generating huge profits, Google in 2004 was still a private company, with shares owned by a small circle of investor companies, its founders and employees. For further development, it became necessary to withdraw Google Inc. to the stock exchange. This happened in August, when the company's shares appeared on the NASDAQ stock exchange, causing a great stir and making Sergei and Larry billionaires. A little bit later Forbes magazine will name Google authors the youngest billionaires on the planet.

To eliminate the influence of corporations owning large blocks of shares, only shares that did not give the holder voting rights in the company were sold at the auction. The founders reserved the right to manage the company.

In 2004, Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page were awarded the prestigious Marconi Prize. Previously, it was awarded to Tim Berners-Lee, who invented WWW, and Robert Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet technology. As you can see, Sergei and Larry’s developments in the field of information technology were highly appreciated, even considered revolutionary.

The Times of India website analyzed the advantages of Google over other search engines in 2001. It turned out that Google's strengths are minimal human intervention in the search engine and constant improvement of the technology used. An important component of the company’s success has also been its correct positioning in the established Internet services market throughout its existence. Initially Google Inc. I did not consider large portals as my competitors, but saw them as potential clients. Licensing your own search engine to other firms has become a major source of revenue. And later the company began to increase the number of additional services provided.

Google VS Microsoft

Today Google.com ranks fourth in the list of the most visited sites on the Internet, behind Yahoo!, MSN and AOL. A real war for network users began between these companies. It is unlikely that search engines from Yahoo! or AOL will be able to compete with Google, but Google’s portal may turn out to be quite competitive. However, time will tell. The real threat to Google now comes from Microsoft, which is working to develop its MSN system, which, of course, will be actively used in the next versions of their operating systems. Steve Ballmer, at a recent meeting with Stanford students, shared his thoughts on the future of Google, giving it a maximum of five years of life, and Bill Gates, at the D3 conference held in Carlsbad, called Google “a bubble that is still afloat.”

Sergei Brin’s phrase is often quoted in the media: “ Some say Google is God. Others say that it is Satan himself. But if both think Google is too powerful, let them remember that search engines are just a click away. People come to Google because they choose it. We don't force them».

Today, Google is not only about Internet search. It is also one of the most modern email services, the world's most popular video service, web applications for the office, news, and much more. As well as the Android platform on smartphones and communicators. The company continues its development, gaining more and more influence on the Internet every day. No one is going to stop there. Sergey Brin is a rather vain person. In one of his interviews, he noted that if Google were his most notable achievement in life, he would be upset. Well, his wife is already working in the field of genetics on a social network that will contain the DNA of all people on the planet. Google itself is the world's premier source of information. Bill Gates is not just trying to compete with Google in the Internet search market. He is a smart man, and understands perfectly well the influence that a company that occupies a leading position in information search will have. Gates's only problem is that he doesn't understand that such a company already exists - and it's not Microsoft. Google is still a very young company. But in 6-8 years, perhaps, Google will be the largest company in IT, occupying a very important place in the life of every person on the planet. There are some concerns about how such an influence might turn into a disaster for all of humanity. Let's hope that this will not happen, because the main principle of Google, formulated by Sergey Brin, is: “Do no harm!”

The Google story begins in 1995 at Stanford University. Larry Page was considering Stanford for grad school and Sergey Brin, a student there, was assigned to show him around.

By some accounts, they disagreed about nearly everything during that first meeting, but by the following year they struck a partnership. Working from their dorm rooms, they built a search engine that used links to determine the importance of individual pages on the World Wide Web. They called this search engine Backrub.

Soon after, Backrub was renamed by Google (phew). The name was a play on the mathematical expression for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros and aptly reflected Larry and Sergey"s mission “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”

Over the next few years, Google caught the attention of not only the academic community, but Silicon Valley investors as well. In August 1998, Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote Larry and Sergey a check for $100,000, and Google Inc. was officially born. With this investment, the newly incorporated team made the upgrade from the dorms to their first office: a garage in suburban Menlo Park, California, owned by Susan Wojcicki (employee #16 and now CEO of YouTube). Clunky desktop computers, a ping pong table, and bright blue carpet set the scene for those early days and late nights. (The tradition of keeping things continues to this day.)

Even in the beginning, things were unconventional: from Google’s initial server (made of Lego) to the first “Doodle” in 1998: a stick figure in the logo announcing to site visitors that the entire staff was playing hooky at the Burning Man Festival. “Don't be evil” and “ The ten things we know to be true” captured the spirit of our intentionally unconventional methods. In the years that followed, the company expanded rapidly - hiring engineers, building a sales team, and introducing the first company dog, Yoshka. Google outgrew the garage and eventually moved to its current headquarters (a.k.a. “The Googleplex”) in Mountain View, California. The spirit of doing things differently made the move. So did Yoshka.

The relentless search for better answers continues to be at the core of everything we do. Today, with more than 60,000 employees in 50 different countries, Google makes hundreds of products used by billions of people across the globe, from YouTube and Android to Smartbox and, of course, Google Search. Although we’ve ditched the Lego servers and added just a few more company dogs, our passion for building technology for everyone has stayed with us - from the dorm room, to the garage, and to this very day.

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