Types of knots and how to tie them. Variety of nodes: types, types, schemes and their application. What are the nodes? Knitting for dummies. Brief history of origin

In everyday life, we are often faced with the need to pack, fasten or tie something. Usually, in such a situation, we take a string in our hands and begin with enthusiasm to come up with unthinkable designs from knots, twists and weaves, which are then decidedly impossible to untangle. Therefore, let's learn how to tie a few more popular knots.

Gazebo node

This is one of the main knots with which the bowstring has been fastened since ancient times. It is sometimes referred to as the king of knots for its simplicity and versatility. It is used to obtain a non-tightening (!) Loop at the end of a straight rope, to attach the rope to rings or eyelets, to tie the ropes.

Simple bayonet

The Simple Bayonet knot also allows you to tie a non-tightening loop, and it is used mainly in those places that require a particularly secure attachment. For example, such assemblies have long been used in the Navy for securing mooring lines to mooring devices, for attaching tow ropes and heavy loads, and so on.

Tautline

If you need to tie something, but later be able to adjust the length of the rope, then a special knot will come to the rescue, allowing you to easily change the size of the loop. It is especially often used by tourists for setting up tents and tensioning awnings.

Eight

This is a traditional knot used whenever you need to attach something to a rope. It is easy to knit, it can withstand heavy loads, and in the future, such a knot can be quite simply untied to release the rope.

The Eight node has two options. The first one applies in cases where you have one free end. It looks rather complicated, but once you figure out the sequence of actions, everything will turn out by itself.

The second option can be used when both ends of the rope are free. This knot is so simple that you can tie it with your eyes closed, and at the same time it is completely secure.

Driver unit

A truly legendary knot that has many different names and even more practical uses. This knot is used in construction work, during transportation, in tourism and other cases when you need to fasten something tightly and tightly.

For those readers who find it difficult to navigate animated drawings, there is an additional instruction containing static photos of each step. You can find it at this link.

What other nodes do you consider practically useful and necessary for mastering?

Knots in the history of mankind appeared very early - the oldest known ones were found on the territory of Finland and belong to the late Stone Age. With the development of civilization, the methods of mating also developed: from simple to complex, with a division into types, types and areas of use. The category with the largest number of variations is nautical knots.

The role of nodes in culture and religion

There were peoples whose methods of tying ropes were endowed with mystical properties, were used in the life of representatives of all strata of society. There were also civilizations that had taboos on them. The most famous example of the latter is Ancient Rome: priests in the temple of Jupiter were forbidden to have at least one knot in their clothes.

Many peoples of the world had cult, sacred knots: the Chinese "knot of happiness", the emblem of the tribe of Judah in Judaism, tying a strand of hair and tying a knot on the beard of the Arabs and others.

History of the issue

A great impetus to the knitting business was given by the development of sailing navigation - the need for reliable and convenient "tools" has created a whole collection of new knots. Another big shift took place in the 19th and 20th centuries with the development of tourism.

By that time, sailing became a hobby, and nautical knots simply fell out of use - now only about 38 knots are studied in nautical schools. Meanwhile, in Ashley's Book of Knots, published in 1944, 700 options for tying ropes are described, and the maximum known number reaches 4,000. However, when tourists appeared, everything changed.

"Eight"

One of the simplest locking knots, which has several indisputable advantages: it is easy to knit, it looks beautiful, tightens on its own, and does not spoil the rope too much. It is poorly suited for use under load, since in this case it is strongly tightened and, as a result, it is difficult to untie it.

"Eight", like the straight knot, has been known since antiquity. There is a similar loop of the same name, which is used in mountaineering mainly to secure the carabiner to the main rope.

What are the nodes on the basis of the "eight"? In general, she serves as an element of many more complex knits, for example, oncoming and double "eight".

In order to properly tie a sea knot, first of all, you need to remember that the fixed end of the rope is called the root, and the movable end is called the running one. There are several simple examples of knitting that are useful both in everyday life and during outdoor activities.

It is also called a gazebo and belongs to the fundamental nodes. It contains elements of several schemes, which gives it universal properties: the fastening allows you to moor, insure sailors, fix the rope to the hook. The bowline is very reliable, it can be used with almost all cables, regardless of material and thickness. The gazebo quickly tied and untied easily (but not spontaneously), it does not slip, and when used in marine conditions, it shows high reliability.

Crochet knot for beginners:

Form a loop from top to bottom.
Pass the running end through it from the bottom up.
Draw the undercarriage behind the root and skip again into the loop.
When the running end is enclosed in the formed small loop, the rope must be tightened tightly.

To untie the bowline, it is enough to slightly shift the loop in the direction from the chassis to the root end.

Knitting a sea knot figure eight

This is a typical modification that gets its name from its characteristic shape. The figure 8 is usually done to form a stopper or stable attachment. The main plus is that it is easy to deal with it, even if the rope is wet.

How to knit a knot:

Circle the root end with the running end, pull the first one from above so that a loop is obtained.
Pierce the formed loop with the running end so that then it can be wound behind you.
Tighten.

A beautiful knot is formed with a rounded figure of eight.

Straight sea knot mating scheme

One of the oldest modifications, in ancient Greece, the knot was called Herculean. It can be used to firmly connect two ropes of approximately the same diameter. But the scheme cannot be called reliable: under heavy loads, the joint will be excessively stretched, it often slides along the cable. It is not recommended for use in critical situations and when immersion activities are planned.

Classical technique:

Take 2 running ends of the cables, one should cover the other.
The other end forms an open loop.
In this loop, it is necessary to stretch the rope so that the first end is also braided.
Tighten both ropes.

There is a subspecies of the direct knot - reef, it is distinguished by the ability to quickly untie.

Half-bayonet and bayonet

The half-bayonet is not tightened; for its implementation, the running end is wrapped around the object on which it is planned to fasten the cable, circle the root and pass through the formed loop. Next, both ends are fastened together. The unit is capable of withstanding a large weight and is reliable.

Using a bayonet, the mooring lines are fixed and towed. It is based on 3 half-bayonets - this amount is enough for any purpose. You cannot assume that 4 or 5 half-bayonets are stronger, the effect when used will be the same.

How to tie a sea knot a fishing bayonet

This variation has ancient roots, it has survived to this day due to the fact that it allows the rope to be fixed as tightly as possible at the anchor, and is adapted for all types of manipulations in conditions of strong traction. Initially, you need to fasten the cable to the object using an additional hose, then you can start forming half-bayonets. The first one is to grab the hose around the base.

If the ends of the rope are not visible, outwardly this knot cannot be distinguished from a straight one. It got its name due to the fact that this similarity was actively used on ships in order to reveal the fact of theft of seamen's personal property and provisions. The connection is used mainly for domestic purposes, since when pulled, the knot can spontaneously untie.

Procedure:

The running end of the first rope is folded into a loop.
The second cable is threaded into this loop in such a way as to capture the root and running ends, and lead out in the opposite direction.
Tighten both double ends.

In this way, orientation cords are often attached.

How to tie a woman's and mother-in-law's knot: a simple scheme

The variations are extremely similar: these are two erroneous ways of forming a thief's knot. The names "women" and "mother-in-law" are based on the specifics of everyday life - they are widely used to connect ropes, but do not take into account the unreliability and even some danger of sliding fastening.

Knitting a sea knot is not difficult: two running ends are passed through each other in different directions and duplicate this action in a mirror image.

Professional sailors and adherents of an active lifestyle demonstrate the woman's knot only for educational purposes, since its use in the field is fraught with injuries and damage to property.

The mother-in-law's knot differs from the woman's in that here the ends of the cable come from the finished combination in a diagonal direction. The modification was first used in European countries in shipping, but later it was replaced by more practical and strong mating options that do not have the ability to spontaneously untie. Now, in practice, it can be found only in a subsidiary farm as an auxiliary link for packaging raw materials and food.

To perform a mother-in-law knot, you should:

Form an incomplete loop from the running end of one rope.
Draw the second end into a loop from top to bottom, go around the first rope and bring it out.

Even if tightened firmly, there is a good chance that the ligament will open as you pull it further.

Types and methods of performing a noose knot

The noose knot can be performed in straight, flat, fishing variations. In the first case, a strong bond is formed, which increases the strength when wet.

Knitting pattern:

Form an open loop on the rope: give it the shape of the letter "s" and begin to form turns, located as tightly as possible in relation to each other.
Pass the running end into the lower eyelet left after winding the rope.
Tighten.

The carbine noose has a narrow scope of use - it is popular among professional climbers. Here the running end is secured to the carabiner with an 8-shaped connection, the remaining part of the rope, if necessary, can be passed through the carabiner, covering a support, say, a tree.

The strap on the support is knitted as follows: the rope covers the support, enters the loop and wraps around it 3 times, then goes into a small loop. Even if the rope is wet, a stable connection is formed, which can be used without support.

All sea knots, despite the characteristic name of the category, are widespread in everyday life. Thieves, mother-in-law and woman's - a quick opportunity to pull the neck of the bag, a noose with a skillful approach helps in working with weights and sports. All bayonet variations allow you to quickly fix the rope on a stationary support. It must be remembered that the strength of the connection depends not only on the skill of tying, but also on the strength of the rope.

Types of nodes and their application

TO Category:

Load slinging

Types of nodes and their application

When performing repair and installation work of metallurgical equipment, as well as when performing one-time lifts and movements of individual loads, the manufacture of special complex devices is expensive, laborious and takes a long time.

When performing such work, the slinger, as a rule, uses lengths of ropes or universal slings, using various knots and loops for slinging the load.

A straight knot is used when lifting a load and for tying the ends of sling ropes of the same thickness. To tie it up, the ends of the ropes are wrapped around one another, bent in opposite directions and again wrapped in the same way. Pay attention to the correct knot knot: for a properly tied knot, the running and root ends of each rope must be on the same side. A common mistake when knitting this knot is the wrong direction of the second sweep of the running ends, as a result of which the running and main ends are located on opposite sides of the loops. It must be borne in mind that a straight knot with a high tension is strongly tightened and it is very difficult to untie it. To protect the rope from sharp bends and for ease of untiing, a piece of pipe or a wooden block is laid between the knot loops. When tensioned, the loaded ends of the ropes should be on one straight line so that the knot of spliced \u200b\u200bsteel ropes does not spontaneously untie under load, the free ends are attached to the main clamps or tied with wire:

The reef knot is a kind of straight knot. It is designed for tying hemp ropes, ropes and cords when quick untiing is required. When lifting heavy loads, this unit is not used. Such a knot is tied in the same way as a straight one, but at the same time one of the free rope leads is inserted into the corresponding loop folded in half, which allows pulling out one end to quickly untie the knot. When knitting a reef knot, pay attention to the correct position of the ends in the loops.

Figure: 1. Nodes of cargo binding: a - straight; b - reef; в - simple bayonet; g-bayonet with two hoses; d - bayonet with walk-around; e - bayonet with two hoses and an overhang; w-marine (non-tightening loop); h - carpentry knot (stranglehold); and - dead loop; k - flat knot; l - shortening loops to reduce the length of the slings; (/ -IV-sequence of knot knot positions)

The bayonet knot is used for tying steel ropes, for tying vegetable and steel ropes to various objects, loads that have eyelets, butts, trunnions, stands, etc., when a straight knot cannot be used. The free end of the rope is attached to the root with clamps or wire. A simple bayonet is knitted as follows; the running end, wound up by the eye or circled around the rack, is carried around the root of the rope and passed into the formed loop. In this case, a half-bayonet is formed. This operation is repeated 1-2 times, and the running end is firmly attached to the root with a soft wire. A bayonet with two sleeves is used to fasten steel ropes to other objects and in cases where the rope is subjected to strong tension. When tying a knot, the free running end is carried around the object twice and then knitted like a simple bayonet, with the free end attached to the root end. A bayonet with a detour is used in the same cases as a bayonet with two hoses. However, it should not be used for tying steel ropes due to a strong kink in the bypass loop.

The marine knot is used to form temporary non-tightening loops when lifting, hanging on a hook, pulling loads, when fastening ropes to large parts. The knot holds the load well, it is easily and easily untied, the free end does not require special fastening.

The carpentry knot - a stranglehold - is used for tying the ends of hemp ropes when lifting light loads. It tightens tightly, holds well, is comfortable when lifting smooth objects. To tie it, the end of the rope is carried around the object, the root part (!) Is bent around and, several times wrapped around the slag imposed on the object, they form a knot (III).

To increase the strength of the assembly, it can be supplemented with a separate slag (IV). In this case, the knot is called a noose with a hose.

The dead loop is used when slinging various heavy and light loads, small-sized and bulky structures with universal and lightweight slings for lifting and moving. The dead loop grips the object tightly, picks it up easily, easily untied. For hanging the rope from the crane hook, such a loop is not used, since it may spontaneously unhook. When using a dead loop for slinging a load at one end of the loop rope, it must be laid close to each other, leaving a free end with a length of at least 20 rope diameters.

The flat knot serves for tying ropes of different thicknesses (with a diameter ratio of 1: 2), as well as for tying steel ropes, since in this case the rope is subject to less pinching 'and breaks than with other knots. It is more convenient to tie this knot by spreading the ends of the ropes on a flat surface. The end of the thicker cable is laid in the form of a loop, and the thinner one is placed under the loop and sequentially passed from above the root end under the running end of the thick rope. Then a thin rope is passed on top of the loop of a thick rope, but under its root part. After that, the running ends of the ropes are tied with half-bayonets (loops around the root parts) and fixed with thin lines or soft wire in the case of steel ropes.

Knot for reducing the length of the sling. Knit a knot as follows. The shortened sling is laid on a flat surface and two loops are made (I), then one loop is wrapped around the other (II) and both loops are placed on the hook (III). After that, the sling is shortened by the length of one loop (IV). The knot is untied by itself after removing the loops from the hook.

Slack knots are used to connect the free end of the rope to the hook. The running end is looped around the back of the hook, laid in the throat and covered with the root part of the rope (Fig. 2, a). Both ends of the rope are fastened under the hook with soft wire. For better retention of the rope when tying the knot, the running end is wrapped around the back of the hook twice (Fig. 2, b), and is also inserted into the mouth of the hook and covered with the root part of the rope. A knot tied in this way is called a slack knot with a hose. After tying knots in both ways, it is imperative to check the position of the root part of the rope, which should press the running end to the hook in its mouth.

Figure: 2. Slack (hook) knots: a - simple; b - hook with an overlap; c - without loops with an overlap; d - without loops: d - double; e - without loops with a simple overlay on a two-horned hook; g - the same, with a cross plate; h - without loops with a cross overlay for the spindle of a two-horned hook; and the same, with a simple overlay; к - without loops, a cross overlap with an overlap on a two-horned hook; l - without loops, overlaying valuable slings on a two-horned hook (/ - before; // - after tightening)

Crane slack nodes are used when putting slings on two-horned crane hooks. There are three ways to tie a knot. In all cases, slings should be aligned at low voltages. With a simple overlay of slings on the horns of the hooks (Fig. 2, c-f), the slings under the hook for shortening and increasing the safety of work are seized by a stopper made of steel rope by splitting in the form of a ring. The length of the stopper should be such that, when the slings are taut, it will hold them and at the same time cannot be cut off when the slings are pulled. With a cross overlay (Fig. 2, g), the slings lie on the opposite horns of the hook, while one of the slings presses the other.

An overlay for two hook horns (Fig. 2, h) is the most reliable. It is used if swinging of the load is possible. At the same time, the slings are wound so that each of them encompasses the spindle of the hook and lies on its both horns. When winding, the slings are caught under the hook by a stopper.

TO Category: - Load slinging

June 1st, 2016

Remembered and reread the topic about. But I don't know how to tie knots at all, even the simplest ones.

However, this skill is useful and you never know exactly when it will come in handy. So I decided to start learning something. Where do we start?

Let's try with these simple and useful options:

Flat knot

It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep or spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed throughout the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot can be easily untied.

The name "flat knot" got into our maritime language from French. It was introduced for the first time in his "Dictionary of Marine Terms" by the famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascalier in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. As it was called before, we do not know. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.
Having eight weaves, a flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep or spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed throughout the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.
The principle of the flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it to the drums of the spiers and windlass, on the welsh of which its shape does not disturb the even imposition of subsequent slings.

In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking its free running ends to the main ends or half-bayonets at their ends and without such tacking when the knot is tightened. A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called "Josephine's knot") on two cables of different thickness almost does not change its shape even with a very large traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second method of knitting is used for tying cables thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, and the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the knotted flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the tied cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, holds it firmly. It is untied without much effort by sliding the loops around the root ends.
As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight weaves of cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of opposite ends "under and above"), will be securely held. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on the change in the sequence of intersection of the tied cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this sequence, as the knot acquires other negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice, published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases it is incorrect. This happens both through the negligence of the authors, and through the fault of the graphs, which, redrawing the node scheme from the author's sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end passes above or below the other end. Here is one of the best flat knot shapes, tried and tested in practice. Other acceptable variants of this node are deliberately omitted by the author, so as not to diffuse the reader's attention and to prevent him from confusing the scheme of this node with any other. Before applying this knot in practice for any responsible business, you must first remember its scheme exactly and tie the cables along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down.
This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which considerable force will be applied, for example, when a tractor pulls a heavy truck stuck in the mud on half a wheel).

Eight

This classic knot forms the basis of one and a half dozen other, more complex knots for various purposes. It can be used as a stopper at the end of the cable (unlike a simple knot, it does not spoil the cable even with a strong pull and can always be easily untied) or, for example, for rope handles of a wooden bucket or tub. An eight can even fasten strings to the tuning pegs of violins, guitars and other musical instruments.

Portuguese bowline

It is used when you need to tie two loops at one end at once. For example, to lift a wounded person, his legs are threaded into loops, and with the root end (when knitting, they act as the so-called running ends of the cables, and those ends around which the running ends are worn are called root) a half-bayonet is knitted around the chest under the armpits. In this case, the person will not fall out, even if he is unconscious.

Improved dagger knot

In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large diameter cables. It is not very complex in its design and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure 8 on top of the root one. After that, thread the extended running end of the second cable into the loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure eight and bring it over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the loop of the figure eight, as indicated by the arrow. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables protrude in opposite directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if you loosen one of the outer loops.

Flemish loop

It is a strong and easily untied loop at the end of the cable, being tied in a figure of eight on a cable folded in half. The Flemish loop is suitable for knitting both thick and thin ropes. It almost does not weaken the strength of the rope. In addition to marine affairs, it can also be used to fasten the strings of musical instruments.

Flemish knot

In fact, this is the same figure eight, but tied at two ends. The Flemish knot is one of the oldest nautical knots used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick.

The Flemish knot is one of the oldest naval knots, which has found application both at sea and on land. Also, this type of knot has a second name - the counter eight. This knot originated in Europe about 800 years ago. This knot is quite strong and easy to untie and easily holds both thick cables and ropes as well as thin ropes and threads.

We bend one end of the rope and make a loop, draw it under the main rope and make a second loop;
We pass the end of the rope into the first loop of the resulting figure eight;
We carry out similar actions, only in a mirror image, with the end of the second rope;
Correct knitting should result in an intertwined figure eight;
We tighten the knot;
Flemish Knot - Ready!

Fishing bayonet

For the five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people have not been able to think of a more reliable knot for tying an anchor rope to an anchor than a fishing bayonet. This knot, which has been proven by many centuries of maritime practice, can also be safely used in all cases when working with cables when they are subject to strong traction.
Read on Don "t Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2016/05/29/10-samyx-poleznyx-morskix-uzlov/

Stop knot

This type of marine knot is designed to increase the diameter of the cable to prevent it from slipping out of the block, as it does not slip and holds it securely. To make the stopper knot even larger in size (for example, when the diameter of the hole through which the cable passes is much larger than the diameter of the cable), you can tie a knot with three loops. It can also come in handy when you need to make a comfortable handle at the end of the cable.

Stranglehold

It has long been one of the most indispensable components in the sailing fleet. A strap was tied in the water logs for towing, it was used to load cylindrical objects, loaded rails and telegraph poles. Moreover, this knot, tested by centuries of experience at sea, has long been used on the coast - it is not for nothing that in many foreign languages \u200b\u200bit is called a "forest knot" or "log knot". A choke with half-bayonets is a reliable and very durable knot that is extremely tightly tightened around the object being lifted.

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