Steve Jobs died - the reasons for the death of the Apple leader. Steve Jobs' fatal mistake and illness Steve Jobs died from

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...When I got sick, I realized that other people would write about me when I died, and they would not have the right understanding about anything. They'll get it all wrong.
Steve Jobs

According to official sources, Steve Jobs died of pancreatic cancer. It is also believed that he tried alternative methods of treatment, and moreover, throughout his life he adhered to a vegetarian or vegan diet, and at some times even more strict forms of nutrition, such as a raw food diet and fruit diet.

In discussions between supporters of alternative methods of treatment (including vegetarians, vegans, raw foodists, fruit eaters) and their opponents, one often hears the following argument - since he died of cancer, that means all of this (alternative methods of treatment, as well as various health-improving diets) ) do not work in treating cancer. There are even versions that he killed himself on a vegan diet, i.e. his cancer is a result of his diet.

It would seem that the argument is ironclad, as they say, “Practice is the criterion of truth.” But did everything really happen as official sources are trying to convince us? Dr. John McDougall, a successful physician and researcher who treats his patients with changes in diet and lifestyle, will help you understand this issue. Read more about it at the link.

We bring to your attention two materials - a video presentation by Dr. John McDougall, as well as an article.

Why did Steve Jobs die?

Case Study of Steve Jobs' Cancer

The sensational death of Jobs in 2011 remains a mystery in wide circles. Opponents of veganism even claim that the vegan diet caused Jobs' death. We recently learned how a tumor grows. Doctor John McDougall MD in his article explains and answers many questions.

I decided to translate the article into Russian because it is extremely important for understanding how cancer develops, factors influencing its development and measures to prevent cancer. Read and be healthy!

Why did Steve Jobs die?

Steve Jobs gave me tacit permission and encouragement to write this article about the medical and nutritional aspects of his life when he commissioned his biographer to report on the true state of affairs. “I wanted my children to know about me...”
“Also, when I got sick, I realized that other people would write about me when I died, and they wouldn’t have the right understanding about anything. They'll get it all wrong. So I wanted to make sure that someone heard my story.” (556) Jobs would have loved to hear from an outside expert about his pancreatic cancer and his diet because my thoughts were in line with what he intuitively believed was right. I hope my report will bring peace to his family and friends following his untimely death.

This article is not a criticism of his doctors or their medical care. I am sure these specialists did what they could for him. Looking back on the past, everything is clearer. The purpose of this article is to establish what really happened.

“In October 2003, he confronted his urologist who was treating him and she asked him to do a CT scan of his kidneys and ureters. (453) It's been 5 years since his last scan. A new scan showed his kidneys were fine but revealed a shadow on his pancreas.”
For a tumor to become visible on a tomography, it must be at least 2 millimeters in diameter. I believe that shadow on the scan of his pancreas was at least one centimeter in diameter. A tumor this size contains 1 billion cells and takes 10 years to grow.
A mass of this size contains 1 billion cells and grows on average for 10 years. Death usually occurs when individual tumors reach ten centimeters in diameter. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (insular cell tumor), the kind that Jobs had, fits this growth pattern.

The natural history of the growth of Steve Jobs' pancreatic cancer can be determined through mathematical calculations. The time interval between his diagnosis at age 48 and his death at age 56 was approximately 8 years (October 2003 to October 5, 2011). From these dates it can be determined that the tumor mass in his pancreas was doubling in size every 10 months. (Typically, solid tumors of various organs double in size every 3 to 9 months.) His tumor was growing very slowly.

Knowing the steady rate of doubling of his cancer cells (every 10 months), we can find out the date when Jobs' cancer appeared. His cancer began when he was a young man—he was about 24 years old. Similar calculations show that his cancer had spread from his pancreas to his liver (and other parts of the body) more than two decades before his July 31, 2004, surgery. (Exact methods for performing these calculations are provided at the end of this article.)

Jobs very much regretted that when he found out that he had incurable cancer, he refused to have surgery for 9 months in a row. He believed that cancer could have been cured if he had acted earlier. Since the cancer began to spread throughout his body between the ages of 25 and 30, removing the cancer found on a CT scan in October 2003 (he was 48 years old) would never have cured it.

How does a tumor grow?

People unfamiliar with how a tumor grows are easily deceived into thinking that it spreads like wildfire almost overnight because one moment a person seems to be in good health and then the next moment the patient's body is taken over illness. When cancer is first diagnosed, people believe that it is an “early disease” that can be “caught in time and cured” if the tumor is removed. This myth, unfortunately, is not true.

Cancer grows at a constant rate (called doubling time). Early growth is invisible because the tumor is microscopic in size.
The cancer's growth in size is hidden from view as one cancer cell divides into two cells, two into four, and so on.
The doublings remain undetectable until the tumor reaches 1 mm in size - it now contains millions of cells, and this takes approximately 6 years of growth.
After about 10 years of growth, the tumor becomes 1 cm in diameter and already contains one billion cells.
At this point in the natural history of a tumor, doublings become apparent: one billion cancer cells divide and become a mass containing two billion cells, and the next doubling will provide 4 billion cancer cells in the patient's body.

Thus, the tumor is undetected by the patient and his physician during the first two-thirds of its natural history, and this leads to confusion.

Cancer caused problems for Steve Jobs in his 30s and 40s

A report of Jobs' antics during a 1987 meeting says: "His hands, which are inexplicably a little yellow, are in constant motion." (223). Yellow discoloration of the skin is a classic sign of jaundice. Cancer of the head of the pancreas often blocks the flow of bile, leading to jaundice. It is possible that the tumor at this time (1987) was causing partial and intermittent obstruction (blockage).

His cancer had given him abdominal and back pain for at least 5 years before his diagnosis in October 2003. “I was driving to Pixar and Apple in my black Porsche convertible, and I started having kidney stones. I went to the hospital and they gave me a shot of Demerol (painkiller) in my butt and eventually the pain subsided.” (334) An October 2003 CT scan (which showed a shadow on his pancreas) showed no abnormalities in the kidneys. (453)

Kidney stones appear as a result of a diet high in animal protein. Given the fact that Jobs was on a strict vegan diet, it is unlikely that he had kidney stones. I do not have his medical reports, however, I believe that some or all of these exacerbations were misdiagnosed and, as a result, the wrong treatment was prescribed for kidney stone pain. Jobs was actually suffering from cancer growing in his pancreas.

Evidence that the cancer had been present for at least 10 years prior to diagnosis came during his surgery on July 31, 2004. “Unfortunately, the cancer has spread. During the operation, doctors discovered three liver metastases.” (456) If surgeons were able to see tumors on the surface of the liver with the naked eye, each tumor must have been at least 1 cm in diameter. As I explained above, these metastases began more than two decades ago, when Jobs was in his mid-twenties. Finding a tumor on the liver means that the cancer spread to other organs of the body many years ago.

Jobs considered himself a highly sensitive, intuitive person who relied on his sixth sense. At some level of consciousness, he may have known that he had been ill for twenty or more years before his diagnosis. In 1983, “Jobs shared with John Sculley (CEO of Apple) that he believed he would die young.” (155) Jobs was only 28 years old when he made this prophecy.

Lead (Pb) or other carcinogens from computers caused Jobs' cancer

Jobs speculated that his cancer was caused by the grueling year he spent, starting in 1997, leading both Apple and Pixar. (452, 333) He suggested, “Perhaps the cancer began to grow at that time because my immunity was quite weak at that time.” (452) However, based on reliable calculations, his tumor most likely appeared decades earlier, during his youth, when he built computers and other electronics with his own hands without sufficient precautions.

The summer after his freshman year at Homestead High School in Los Altos, California, Jobs called HP's Bill Hewlett: “He answered and chatted with me for about twenty minutes. He provided me with spare parts and also gave me a job in a factory where they made frequency meters.” (17) There he was exposed to toxic chemicals known to cause pancreatic cancer.

Another example: Jobs soldered circuit boards in the early days of Apple (67) Soldering is typically an alloy containing lead, tin, and other metals. Lead is classified as a probable human carcinogen.
Carcinogens are a class of substances that are directly responsible for DNA damage and promote or assist the development of cancer. Lead is suspected of causing pancreatic cancer.

Steve Jobs may be the best known example of the high risk of cancer among people working in the electronics industry who are exposed to carcinogens as a consequence of their occupational activities. Metals found in personal computers include aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, palladium, platinum, selenium, silver and zinc.

Steve Jobs getting cancer was an accident, like being killed by lightning or being hit by a car. The carcinogen(s) entered his body, and due to genetics, “bad luck,” or other unknown and uncontrollable factors, his body was susceptible. The cause of his cancer was not a vegetarian diet.

In fact, his healthy diet likely slowed the growth of his tumor, delayed his diagnosis, and prolonged his life.

Jobs suffered from unreasonable regret, believing that he had hastened his own death

Jobs lived the last 8 years of his life with regret, guilt and remorse for delaying his surgery for 9 months after his cancer diagnosis.
With one simple sentence, his doctors could free him from this heavy burden. They could have told him this simple fact: “Mr. Jobs, your body was full of cancer long before October 2003, when you were diagnosed by biopsy.”
Apparently, neither of his doctors—not Jeffrey Norton, who operated on his pancreas in 2004, nor James Eason, who performed a liver transplant in 2009—told Jobs this undeniable truth.

In October 2003, after confirming that there was a tumor in his pancreas, one of his doctors “advised that he get his affairs in order—a polite way of saying he may have only a few months to live. That evening they performed a biopsy, inserting an endoscope down his throat and into his intestines to insert a needle into his pancreas and collect some tumor cells. … It turned out to be islet cells or a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas...” (453)

Jobs initially refused surgery to remove the cancerous tumor. “I really didn't want them to cut my body open, so I tried to look at other options that might help.” (454) Nine months later, “in July 2004, a CT scan showed that the tumor had grown and may have spread.” (455) Jobs had surgery on Saturday, July 31, 2004, at Stanford Medical Center. He underwent a modified Whipple procedure, cutting out part of his pancreas. (455)

The next day, he reassured Apple employees in an email that the type of cancer he had “represents about 1% of the total number of pancreatic cancers diagnosed annually and can be cured by surgical removal if diagnosed early (as in my case)". (455) In retrospect, everyone will agree that this statement was not true.

Unfortunately, he spent the rest of his life believing that he could have recovered if he had not delayed surgery by nine months. “According to Steve Jobs biographer Walter Isaacson, the Apple mastermind ended up greatly regretting the decision he made several years ago to forego potentially life-saving surgery in favor of alternative treatments like acupuncture, nutritional supplements and juices. His initial reluctance to undergo the operation was apparently unclear to his wife and close friends, who constantly urged him to do so.”

“We talked about it a lot,” says his biographer. “He wanted to talk about it, about his regret. … I think he figured he should have let himself be operated on sooner.” This lie was told again shortly after Jobs' death in a 60 Minutes interview with Mr. Isaacson.

By early 2008, it became clear to Jobs and his doctors that his cancer was spreading. (476) In April 2009, he underwent a liver transplant. “When doctors removed the liver, they found spots on the peritoneum, the thin membrane that surrounds the internal organs. In addition, tumors were throughout the liver, which means that the cancer most likely migrated to other places.” (484) “But by July 2011, his cancer had spread to his bones and other parts of his body...” (555). Almost everyone admitted defeat. He died on October 5, 2011 from a body full of cancer that began when he was a young man working in Silicon Valley.

The prevailing view was and remains that Jobs acted selfishly, stupidly and irresponsibly when he refused surgery in October 2003, at the time of his diagnosis. Based on an analysis of the course of his illness, Jobs did not act rashly. The cancer had spread many years before diagnosis and could not be stopped by any means.

Vegan diet extended Jobs' life

Jobs became a vegetarian during his first year at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. (36) From time to time he ate only fruit and considered himself a fruitarian. (63, 68, 83) He followed a strict vegan diet (no animal products) throughout his life, except for occasional deviations. (91, 155, 260, 458, 527, 528) Jobs often became upset when meals were not prepared according to his instructions. When a waiter at a restaurant served him sauce with sour cream, Jobs was indignant. (185). He once “spitted out the soup when he found out it contained butter.” (260)

For most of his life he was considered a "prickly, skinny vegetarian." (243) He was said to look “like a boxer, aggressive and elusively graceful, or like an elegant jungle cat ready to pounce on its prey. "(297) However, most of his family, friends and colleagues did not understand or sympathize with Jobs' vegan diet.

His diet was in sharp contrast to that of Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, who ate at Denny's and whose favorite foods were typical American pizza and hamburgers. (189) Wozniak, who is overweight and four years older than Jobs, is still alive. Because of this seeming paradox, many people ignore the importance of a healthy vegan diet.

After Jobs developed cancer, he recalled some of his earlier teachings about the benefits of a low-protein vegetarian diet for cancer. (548) I believe Jobs was right, and a healthy low-protein vegan diet slows the growth (doubling) of cancer and prolongs the patient's life.
However, animal fats, animal proteins, vegetable oils, and vegetarian soy isolate products (isolated soy protein) may contribute to the growth of cancer. Steve Jobs often ate in restaurants. His vegan diet may have contained too many vegetable oils, as well as meat substitutes and vegan cheeses (all foods high in isolated soy protein).

The ultimate insult: Jobs was forced to eat meat

“One of the side effects of the surgery could have become a problem for Jobs, due to his obsessive dieting and the strange cleansing and fasting routines he had been practicing since he was a teenager. Because the pancreas produces enzymes that allow the stomach to digest food and absorb nutrients, removing part of the organ will make it difficult to get enough protein.”(455) He was advised to eat meat and fish. (455) The lack of protein in Jobs's diet was not a problem, but his friends, family, biographer, nutritionist and doctors continued to attack his strange obsession with an extremely restrictive diet. (477) Jobs lost 18 and then eventually 22 kilograms, which was the result of partial loss of his pancreas, the use of morphine to control pain, his chemotherapy treatments, a liver transplant, and drugs used to suppress organ rejection. (477) Until his death, doctors implored him to consume high-quality protein. (548) Clearly, their insistence that he eat animal products had no effect on his health, and one reason is that the advice was wrong.

“Powell (Jobs’ wife) was a vegan when they got married, but after her husband’s surgery, she began introducing fish and other protein foods into the family diet.” (477) Jobs eventually succumbed to these intense demands and began eating seafood and eggs. (527, 528) Because of the false hope that animal products would help, he was forced to turn away from what he was sure was good for his body, his religious beliefs, and his concern for the welfare of animals and the environment.

The prevailing view was and remains that Jobs acted selfishly, stupidly and irresponsibly as a vegan. But he lived more than 30 years with pancreatic cancer.(His treatment methods did little or nothing to prolong his life and caused him great suffering at great cost).

To summarize

Neither Steve Jobs's vegan lifestyle nor his rejection of surgery were the actions of a madman. Rather, both decisions demonstrated his rationality, genius, intuitiveness and inner strength to stand up for what he was sure of. This truth may give family and friends some peace of mind now. In addition, those who associated Jobs' cancer with his vegan diet can safely return to healthy eating.
When considering and publishing the causes of his cancer, one should also focus on the severity of the harm caused by chemicals used in the electronics industry.

Look at the misfortune that befell Steve Jobs, one of the richest and most powerful men who ever lived. A little free, harmless, and honest counseling could have made a huge difference in Jobs's physical, mental, and emotional well-being, especially during the last 8 years of his life when he gave us so much. I have two MacBook Pros, an iPhone, an iPad2, I use iTunes daily, and my grandchildren love Pixar movies. Thank you Steve Jobs, I wrote this report as a small thank you for all you have done.

Steve Jobs' pancreatic cancer growth calculations

For calculations, use the doubling time calculator at: http://www.chestx-ray.com/spn/DoublingTime.html.
This calculator is a simple mathematical tool, and it does not matter which cancer cells you are talking about (lung or pancreatic).

Calculations since diagnosis in October 2003:

We use a doubling time calculator (enter the day of his diagnosis, say October 15, 2003, and the day of his death, October 5, 2011) to determine that the tumor grew in 2912 days (~8 years) at the time it was known that Jobs had cancer.

Let's say the tumor mass (the shadow found on the October 2003 CT scan) was 10mm (1cm) in size (the tumor was probably much larger, but I don't have his medical records).
When he died more than 8 years (2912 days) later, the tumor would have grown to 100 mm (10 cm) if it had not been removed.

Entering the size of the primary tumor in the pancreas (10 mm) and the size at death (100 mm), plus the knowledge that it took 2912 days for the cancer to grow during this interval - the calculator tells us that the doubling time of his tumor was 292 days (that is, the tumor doubled approximately every 10 months).

Let's do the math backwards to find the time when the cancer appeared: enter the size of the first cancer cell in his pancreas - 10 micrometers (µm) (use 0.01 mm*), and enter 10 mm for the size of the tumor detected by tomography on October 15, 2003 .

*One micrometer (µm) = 1/1,000,000 meter = 0.000001 meter = 1/1000 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 mm (mm); Therefore 10 µm = 0.01 mm.

With a doubling time of 292 days, it took the tumor 8,740 days, or about 24 years, to grow from 10 microns to 1 cm.
(The number 8740 was determined by selecting different time intervals in a doubling time calculator until the correct doubling time was reached.)

Jobs was 48 years old when he was diagnosed. Subtract 24 years, we get that he may have been aged 24 years old when the cancer appeared. It is no coincidence that this was after he began working at Hewlett Packard and continued to work closely with many of the electronics industry's carcinogens over the next several years.

Calculations for the metastatic tumor found in Jobs' liver during his surgery on July 31, 2004:

Using a doubling time calculator (entering the day of his surgery, July 31, 2004, and the day of his death, October 5, 2011), we get the value known to Jobs' doctors - 2,622 days (~7 years) for the tumor to grow in his liver (and the rest of his liver). his body).

Let's assume that the 3 metastatic tumors found on the surface of his liver during surgery on July 31, 2004 were each 1 cm (10 mm) in size.
When he died more than 7 years (2622 days) later, these tumors would have each grown to 100 mm (10 cm) in size (if his liver had not been removed during his liver transplant in 2009).

We enter the size of the liver tumor at the time of surgery (10 mm) and the size at death (100 mm), and the 2622 days it took for the cancer to grow during this interval - the calculator tells us that the doubling time of liver tumors was 263 days ( that is, every 8 ½ months the tumor in the liver doubled in size).

The doubling times of the original pancreatic tumor and metastatic liver tumors should be the same, and they are similar: 10 versus 8 and a half months.

Let's do the math backwards to find the time the tumor metastasized to the liver (and his bones and the rest of his body): enter a figure of 10 micrometers (.01 mm) for the first cell that spread to the liver, and 10 mm for the liver tumor found July 31, 2004. Then look for a period of time that will correspond to a doubling time of 263 days.

The time to grow from 10 microns to 10 mm is 7870 days or about 22 years.
During his surgery on July 31, 2004, when metastatic tumors were discovered, he was 49 years old. Let's subtract 22 years from this age - he was 27 years old when metastases from pancreatic cancer began.

In a best-case scenario, the tumors on Jobs' liver at the time of his surgery on July 31, 2004 were only 1 mm in size (that's the size of an egg, as seen with a magnifying glass or microscope).
The doubling time would then be every 132 days. (Enter 1 mm and 100 mm and 2622 days into the calculator to get a 132-day doubling time.)

Calculating backwards from 1 mm to 0.01 mm with a doubling time of 132 days, we find that the tumor began growing in Jobs' liver more than 7 years (2640 days) before his surgery on July 31, 2004. According to this best case scenario, he was 42 years when the tumor spread from the pancreas to the liver and the rest of his body.

There was no possibility that the cancer could have been caught in time (before it spread), even if he had agreed to surgery at the time of his initial diagnosis in October 2003, or even within 6 years before that date. However, because no one told him these facts, which were well known in medical scientific circles, he lived for 8 years until his death with an unfounded and unnecessary sense of guilt. Until now, his family and friends lived under the same oppression.

“You shouldn’t be upset when you leave life. But if life has left you, you should be upset,” Jobs said upon learning of his fatal illness. Meanwhile, the death of the head of the corporation made millions of people remember him not only as a successful businessman, but also as a philosopher. The news of his terminal illness greatly changed his approach to life. “Death is life’s best invention. It is the cause of change. It clears away the old to open the way for the new,” Jobs said at Stanford University six years ago in his commencement address.

Jobs suffered from a rare form of pancreatic cancer and underwent a liver transplant. He suffered from this for 7 years. The operation was performed on him in Switzerland.

"The memory that I'm going to die is the most important tool that helps me make difficult decisions in my life. Because everything else - other people's opinions, all this pride, all this fear of embarrassment or failure - all these things fall in the face of death , leaving only what is really important. The memory of death is the best way to avoid thinking that you have something to lose. You are already naked. You no longer have any reason not to follow the call of your heart, - Pride, fears, grievances and failures - everything they fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important."

Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011), known as Steve Jobs, was an American business tycoon and inventor. He was a co-founder, chairman of the board of directors and CEO of Apple Corporation. Jobs also previously served as CEO of Pixar Animation Studios; In 2006, The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar, and Jobs became a member of Disney's board of directors. In 1995, he was listed as an executive producer on the animated film Toy Story.

In the late 1970s, Jobs, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others, designed, developed and launched one of the first commercially successful series of personal computers, the Apple II. In the early 1980s, Jobs was one of the first to see the commercial potential of a mouse-driven graphical user interface, leading to the creation of the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1984, Jobs was fired from Apple and founded NeXT, a company that developed a computer platform for universities and businesses. In 1996, Apple acquired NeXT, and Jobs returned to the company he co-founded and served as its CEO from 1997 to 2011. In 1986, he acquired Lucasfilm's computer graphics division, which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios.] He remained its CEO and majority shareholder (with 50.1%) until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006. Jobs became Disney's largest private shareholder (with 7%) and a member of Disney's board of directors.


Jobs's business history has contributed greatly to the symbolic image of the idiosyncratic individualistic Silicon Valley entrepreneur, emphasizing the importance of design and the key role of aesthetics in the public consciousness. His work in promoting the development of products that are both functional and elegant has earned him a large following.


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On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his resignation as CEO of Apple. In his resignation letter, he strongly recommended appointing Tim Cook as his successor. At his request, Jobs was appointed chairman of the board of directors of Apple, but did not work in this position for long, as he died 43 days later - on October 5, according to preliminary data, from pancreatic cancer

Steve Jobs, one of the key figures in the computer industry, died from a serious illness at the age of 56.

Neither Jobs himself nor Apple provided accurate information about the causes of the illness and his well-being. In conversations with reporters, Jobs refused to specify details regarding his health and noted that he and his family would be “very grateful for the respect shown” to his personal life. He considered his health to be his personal matter, which should not concern anyone else.

Disease history

In 2003, Jobs' serious illness became officially known. Doctors diagnosed him with pancreatic cancer. This disease is considered fatal. The chance of living at least another 5 years is 10%. Jobs was included in the list of “lucky ones”; he was diagnosed with an operable form of cancer - a rare type of this disease known as neuroendocrine islet cell tumor. At first, Jobs resisted the idea of ​​conventional medical intervention and following a special diet. But in July 2004, he still underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (“Whipple procedure”). Then the tumor was successfully removed. Jobs did not require chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

In early August 2006, Jobs gave a speech at the annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His appearance led to rumors of a possible recurrence of pancreatic cancer. He looked "thin, almost skinny" and unusually "lethargic." However, journalists who saw Jobs in person said that he “looked good.” In addition, Apple representatives said that “Steve’s health is good.”

Repeated rumors about Jobs' illness appeared in 2008, after his speech at WWDC. Then Apple representatives said that Jobs was a victim of a “common virus” and was taking antibiotics. Despite this statement, rumors spread that his emaciated appearance was due to the effects of cancer treatment.

Representatives of Apple often had to answer questions about the health of Steve Jobs at official conferences. The answer was almost always the same: “This is a private matter.”

Steve Jobs himself also did not like to talk about his health. At one media event, Jobs ended his presentation with a slide that read “110/70”—blood pressure. While showing this slide, he stated that he would not answer questions about his health.

In January 2009, Apple reported that Jobs had been suffering from a “hormonal imbalance” for several months. A few days later, in an Apple memo, Jobs wrote that last week he "learned that my health issues are more complex than I thought." So he announced he was going on six-month leave until the end of June 2009. Jobs devoted this time to rest and his health. But despite the vacation, Jobs was involved in "major strategic decisions."

Liver transplant

In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at the University of Tennessee Methodist Hospital in Memphis. The need for a transplant was due to pancreatic cancer. This type of cancer metastasizes to many organs and in most cases affects the liver. The doctors were pleased with the result of the operation and made “excellent” prognoses.

In January 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from a liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted medical leave.

As during his previous medical leaves, Jobs was actively involved in the life of the company. He spoke at the iPad 2 launch on March 2, introduced iCloud at the Worldwide Developers Conference on June 6, and spoke to the Cupertino City Council on June 7.

In August 2011, many publications published photographs of Jobs, which showed that he had lost a lot of weight and needed a wheelchair.

Distant target

Steve Jobs battled cancer for more than 8 years and was able to live longer than some doctors predicted. Treatment of pancreatic cancer is extremely difficult. The official cause of death is pancreatic cancer. But doctors note that other causes of death for the Apple founder may include failure of the transplanted liver and life-threatening side effects of taking immunosuppressants.

Journalist Walter Mossberg, who knew Steve Jobs well for the past 14 years, wrote in The Wall Street Journal about visiting Jobs at his home while he was recovering from a liver transplant at home in Palo Alto. . After talking, they decided to take a walk. After the operation, Jobs walked every day, always setting himself a longer-term goal for walking.

The journalist recalls that Jobs this time “wanted to get to the nearby park at all costs.” At the same time, as Mossberg writes, he looked sick. On the way to the park, Jobs suddenly stopped. “He was clearly unwell. I offered to return home, making it clear that I did not know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vividly imagined the headlines of tomorrow's newspapers, which would definitely write “Helpless reporter allowed Steve Jobs to die while walking.” He laughed, but refused to return, and after a short rest we continued our walk towards the park,” recalls Walter Mossberg.

Steve Jobs is an outstanding person who made a huge contribution to the development of the computer industry. His story is the story of a man who built a powerful empire without higher education. In just a few years, he became a multimillionaire.

Judging by his lifespan, the gap between the date of birth and death of Steve Jobs is not very long. But he will be remembered as one of the best managers in the world, and people will forever remember him as an irrepressible visionary.

Jobs' medical history

For a long time, there were only rumors about Jobs' illness. Neither Steve himself nor Apple provided any information because they did not want interference in their personal lives. And only in 2003 did information appear that Jobs was seriously ill and the diagnosis was terrible: .

This disease is fatal, and most people live with this diagnosis for no more than five years, but with Jobs everything was different. And after a short resistance to medical intervention, Jobs finally had the tumor removed in 2004. Then he did not have to endure either chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

But already in 2006, when Jobs spoke at a conference, his appearance again gave rise to many rumors about the disease. He was thin, even too thin, and there was no trace left of his former activity. The same rumors began to spread two years later, after his entry into WWDC. And then representatives of Apple commented that this was an ordinary virus, and Jobs still considered this his personal matter.

And already in 2009, Jobs took a leave of absence for six months, but did not stop participating in the company’s affairs. It was pancreatic cancer that caused the liver transplant performed in April of the same year. This operation was successful and the doctors had excellent prognoses.

But January 2011 changed everything again, and not for the better. Jobs took another sick leave. And, as during previous holidays, he took an active part in the work of the company.

It took Steve Jobs eight years to fight cancer. This is much more than many other people manage. But all this time he fought for his life, participated in the management of the company and was surrounded by loved ones. He was a persistent and strong man.

Steve Jobs' last words

After his death, a message left in his hospital room was published. Steve Jobs' last words before his death reach the deepest corners of every person's soul. He wrote that the wealth that many considered the personification of success, for him was just a fact to which he was accustomed. And he had few joys outside of work.

He was proud of his wealth and well-deserved recognition while being healthy. But in a hospital bed, in the face of death, it lost all meaning. And then, lying in the hospital and waiting to meet God, Jobs realized that it was time to forget about wealth and think about more important things. And he considered these things to be art and dreams. Those dreams from childhood.

And Steve considered Love to be the greatest treasure that needs to be protected throughout life - for a loved one, for family, for friends. Love that can overcome time and distance.

Steve Jobs died of cancer

But everything ends someday. In Santa Clara County, California, Jobs' death certificate was issued by the health department. From it, people learned why Steve Jobs died. The death certificate of the head of a huge American corporation, Steve Jobs, lists the date of death as October 5, 2011. The official cause of death was respiratory arrest, which was caused by pancreatic cancer. He was only 56 years old.

The place of death was identified as Jobs' home in Palo Alto. The occupation in the same document sounds like “entrepreneur”. A day later, Steve Jobs' funeral took place and was attended only by family and friends.

The death of this truly great man was a shock to people all over the world. He is buried in the Alta Messa cemetery, and only the date in his biography will remind you of the year in which Steve Jobs died.

Steve Jobs before his death

Jobs spent his last days here in Palo Alto. His wife Lauryn and his children were with him. And, already knowing that he did not have long to live, he met only those people with whom he really wanted to say goodbye.

His close friend, a doctor by profession, Dean Ornish, visited a Chinese restaurant in Palo Alto with Steve. Jobs also said goodbye to his colleagues and often communicated with biographer Walter Isaacson.

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Jobs also left a will for Apple management. He has been working on new product releases for the past few months. So we will still see new products that Jobs planned to release.

Doctors have named the three most obvious reasons for the death of Apple founder Steve Jobs, the news of which spread around the world on Thursday night. This could be cancer itself, failure of a transplanted liver, or life-threatening side effects of taking immunosuppressive drugs.

However, this is the opinion of doctors who were not involved in treating the computer genius - they made their conclusions based on the meager information that the world press managed to obtain. Jobs himself and his circle did not talk about the disease. The man who changed the world and the lives of millions of people was as closed as possible in terms of his personal life and carefully protected his family from curious people.

Steve managed to live for more than seven years with a rare form of pancreatic cancer in which cancer cells spread more slowly than usual. And although there was hope back in the spring that Jobs was on the mend, doctors now say that a liver transplant two years ago was in itself a bad sign. This was a sure sign that the disease not only did not recede, but was also progressing, reports AP.

Many experts suspect that Steve Jobs underwent a very complex operation called pancreaticoduodenectomy (in the West it is called the Whipple procedure), during which part of the pancreas, part of the small intestine and in some cases part of the stomach are removed, and then the digestive system is actually “reconstructed” .

This is a very serious and large-scale operation, after which patients may experience various types of digestive problems for a long time, Dr. Stephen Libutti, a doctor at the cancer center in the Bronx of New York, explained to the agency.

In turn, Dr. Michael Pishwayan, an oncologist at the Georgetown University Cancer Center, said that a liver transplant could have cured Jobs, but the cancer could have relapsed within one to two years after the operation, which apparently happened.

Steve Jobs himself announced back in 2004 that he had had a small island of neuroendocrine tumors removed, which were a much “milder” and curable form of pancreatic cancer than the most common one, from which actor Patrick Swayze died two years ago. If there are no relapses of the disease, some patients can live 20 or 30 years. But if the cancer returns, then this period is reduced to seven to eight years. Again the case of Steve Jobs.

Steve Jobs considered death the best incentive in life, as he said in his “spiritual testament”

The computer genius himself, it seems, spent all the years allotted to him after the discovery of cancer with the persistent thought of death, which he, however, considered the best incentive in work and life. Even six years ago, he mentioned it a lot in a philosophical sense, in his parting words to graduates of Stanford University. Now Steve's performance is considered his "spiritual testament."

“The awareness that I could die at any moment is the main tool that helps me make important life choices,” Jobs told the students then. “Because almost everything in the world: passive waiting, pride, fears, grievances and failures - everything they fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important."

“Remembering death is the best way to avoid the trap into which you are driven by thoughts that you have something to lose. You have already lost everything. There is no reason not to follow the call of your heart,” he inspired. “Probably death is the best invention of life,” concluded this great man.

Bill Gates said goodbye to Steve Jobs

Microsoft founder Bill Gates said it was an “insanely great honor” for him to be friends and work with Apple founder Steve Jobs, whose death was previously announced by Apple.

Reuters notes that the expression "insanely great" was one of Jobs' favorite expressions.

"Steve and I first met about 30 years ago. We have been colleagues, competitors and friends for more than half of our lives," Gates said, adding that rarely has anyone had such a profound impact on the world as the Apple founder.

Gates, 55, and Jobs, 56, were key figures in the early development of personal computing in the 1970s and 1980s.

“I am truly saddened by the news of his death,” Gates said, offering his condolences to Jobs’ family, as well as everyone who knew, was friends with and worked with the Apple creator.

“There are very few people in the world who can make a contribution like Steve’s, the effects of which will be felt for generations to come,” said the Microsoft founder.

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Walt Disney President Bob Iger, former California governor and film actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and many others also offered their condolences over Jobs' death. Samsung CEO Choi Gi Sang said that Jobs was a “great entrepreneur.”

US President Barack Obama also said goodbye to the Apple founder.

"Michelle and I are deeply saddened to hear of the passing of Steve Jobs. Steve was one of America's greatest inventors - brave enough to think differently than everyone else, brave enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to to make it happen," Obama said.

On the main page of the Apple website there is now a black and white portrait of Jobs and the years of his life are written.

Twitter users reacted emotionally to the death of their idol

Twitter users reacted very emotionally to Apple's message about the death of IT industry idol Steve Jobs - millions of Apple fans, preserving the style of the innovative technologies created by Jobs, wish him to "rest in peace in iParadise."

"Steve leaves behind a company that only he could build, and his spirit will forever be a pillar of Apple," Apple said in a tribute to him.

The phrases RIP Steve Jobs (Rest in peace, Steve Jobs) and ThankYouSteve (Thank you, Steve) from grateful fans instantly entered the global service trends after Apple’s sad message.

After some time, the phrase “Only 56” appeared in trends - this is how users expressed regret that Jobs left at such an early age.

Later, the expressions iDead, iHeaven, iClouds and iSad appeared there - recognition of Jobs’ achievements in the style of Apple product names.

Users drew attention to the almost mystical date of the death of the Apple founder - the day after the presentation of the company, which was held for the first time by the new Apple CEO Tim Cook instead of Jobs.

Finally, millions of Twitter users reminded the world of Steve Jobs's catchphrase "Stay Foolish, Stay Hungry", which he said to Stanford University graduates and encouraged them to never stop there.

Biography of Steven Jobs

American engineer and entrepreneur, co-founder and head of Apple Inc. Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in Mountain View, California, USA. Steve's birth mother abandoned the child at birth. The child's adoptive parents were Paul and Clara Jobs from Mountain View, California. Clara worked for an accounting firm, and Paul Jobs was a mechanic for a laser company.

Steve has shown an interest in technology since childhood. At the age of 12, Steven Jobs called the head of Hewlett-Packard, William Hewlett, and asked him for the parts he needed to assemble some device. After talking with the boy, William sent him everything he needed and invited him to work at his company during the holidays. While working at Hewlett-Packard, Jobs met Stephen Wozniak, his future colleague at Apple.

In 1972, Steve Jobs graduated from high school and entered Reed College in Portland, Oregon, but after the first semester he dropped out of college.

In the fall of 1974, he returned to California, where he met an old acquaintance, Stephen Wozniak, and got a job as a technician at Atari, a computer games company. While working at the company, Jobs was able to save money for a trip to India, which he had long dreamed of.

On April 1, 1976, Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak founded Apple Computer Co., producing computers of their own design. The company was officially registered in early 1977. The author of most of the developments was Stephen Wozniak, while Jobs acted as a marketer.

The first personal computer introduced by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak was the Apple I; subsequently, a new computer, the Apple II, was created, designed for a wider range of users. The success of the Apple I computer and especially the Apple II made Apple a key player in the personal computer market. Apple grew larger and went public in 1980 with a successful initial public offering, making Steve Jobs a millionaire at age 25.

In 1985, due to ongoing conflicts in management, Wozniak left Apple, followed by Steve Jobs. Also in 1985, Jobs founded NeXT, a company specializing in hardware and workstations.

In 1986, Steve Jobs co-founded the animation studio Pixar. Under Jobs' leadership, Pixar released films such as Toy Story and Monsters, Inc. In 2006, Jobs sold Pixar to Walt Disney Studios, and he remained on the board of directors of Pixar and at the same time became the largest individual shareholder of Disney, receiving 7 percent of the studio's shares.

Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1996, when the company founded by Jobs decided to acquire NeXT. Jobs joined the company's board of directors and became the interim manager of Apple, which was experiencing a serious crisis at that moment.

In 2000, Steve Jobs became a full-fledged executive director. In 2001, Jobs introduced the first iPod. Within a few years, selling iPods became the company's main source of income. Under Jobs' leadership, Apple significantly strengthened its position in the personal computer market.

In mid-2004, Jobs began to have health problems, but he continued to work. In 2006, the company introduced the network multimedia player Apple TV; in 2007, sales of the iPhone mobile phone began; in 2008, Steve demonstrated the thinnest laptop in the world, called MacBook Air.

Since January 2011, he has been on indefinite leave for health reasons, but has consistently presented his company’s new products to the public.

It was reported back in January 2011 that Steve Jobs left the company's leadership for health reasons.

Steve Jobs has a rare form of pancreatic cancer. The disease was diagnosed 7 years ago. In 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant - the operation was performed on him in Switzerland. Meanwhile, according to statistics, only 4% of patients with pancreatic cancer live more than 5 years. And in February, one of the doctors risked making a dire prediction that Jobs had no more than six weeks to live.

 

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