Shvetsov Arkady Dmitrievich: biography. Perm Aviation College named after HELL. Shvetsova Shvetsov Engine Designer

shvetsov arkady dmitrievich artemiev
aerospace engineer and engineer Date of Birth: Place of Birth:

settlement of Nizhne-Serginsky plant,
Krasnoufimsky district,
Perm province,
the Russian Empire

The country:

the Russian Empire
USSR

Date of death: A place of death:

Moscow, RSFSR, USSR

Awards and prizes:

Shvetsov Arkady Dmitrievich at Wikimedia Commons

Arkady Dmitrievich Shvetsov (1892-1953) - Soviet designer of aircraft engines, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1940), Lieutenant General of the Aviation Engineering Service (1948). Hero of Socialist Labor (1942). Laureate of four Stalin Prizes (1942, 1943, 1946, 1948).

1 Biography
2 Wright R-1820 engine
3 Awards and prizes
4 Memory
5 Notes
6 Literature
7 References

Biography

Shvetsov's grave at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Born on January 12 (24), 1892 in the working village of the Nizhne-Serginsky plant (now Nizhnye Sergi of the Sverdlovsk region) in the family of a school teacher. In 1909 he graduated from the Alekseevsk Real School (now - the Perm Aviation Technical School named after A.D.Shvetsov), and in 1921 - the Higher Technical Imperial School (MVTU named after N.E.Bauman).

During the First World War he worked as a turner at the Dynamo plant in Moscow. From 1922 he headed the design bureau of the "Motor" plant.

In 1925-1926, under the leadership of Shvetsov, a 5-cylinder radial aircraft engine M-11 was developed - the first serial air-cooled aircraft engine in the USSR, which was produced until 1940 (in modifications - until 1952) and was used on U-2 aircraft (Po -2), AIR-6, UT-2, Yak-18.

Deputy of the USSR Armed Forces of 2-3 convocations (since 1946).

A.D.Shvetsov died in Moscow on March 19, 1953. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (plot No. 4).

Wright R-1820 engine

Wright R-1820 ASh-81 at the Central Museum of the Armed Forces.

In 1934, the USSR purchased a license for the American Wright R-1820 radial engine. To master and adapt the engine, plant number 19 was created in Perm, the technical director and chief designer of which was appointed A.D. Shvetsov, who in 1931-34. was on a business trip to the USA at the Curtiss-Wright plant. In 1939, the design department of the plant was transformed into OKB-19, the chief designer of which was Shvetsov.

In 1947, AD Shvetsov was awarded the title of "General Designer". Lieutenant General (07/17/1948). In 1934-1953, under the leadership of A.D.Shvetsov, a family of air-cooled piston engines was created, based on the Wright R-1820 license:

M-25 - 1934
ASh (M) -62 - 1939
M-63 - 1939
ASh (M) -82 - 1941
ASh (M) -82F - 1942
ASh (M) -82FN - 1943
M-71 - 1942
ASh-73 - 1945
ASh-21 - 1946
ASh-2TK - 28-cylinder, 4-row 4000 hp
ASh-2K is a combined turbine-piston engine with a capacity of 4500 hp.

Awards and prizes

Hero of Socialist Labor (22.1.1942)
five Orders of Lenin (1936, 1942, 1945, 1949, 1952)
order of Suvorov II degree
order of Kutuzov I degree
order of the Red Banner of Labor
medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945."
medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945."
Stalin Prize of the first degree (1942) - for the development of a new design of an aircraft engine
Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943) - for the creation of a new model of an aircraft engine
Stalin Prize of the second degree (1946) - for the creation of a new model of an aircraft engine
Stalin Prize (1948)

Memory

The Aviation College and a street in Perm are named after Shvetsov. A monument was erected in the homeland of the designer, in the city of Nizhnie Sergi

Notes

1 2 Shvetsov Arkady Dmitrievich - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1969.
120th anniversary of the birth of Arkady Shvetsov // AviaPort. news

Literature

B. Green, General Designer A. D. Shvetsov. - Perm: Perm. book publishing house, 1964 .-- 104 p. - (Wonderful people of the Kama region).
Shvetsov Arkady Dmitrievich // Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Encyclopedia / ed. M.M. Kozlova. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1985. - P. 790. - 500,000 copies.

Links

Aviadvigatel OJSC. Archive of press releases.
The purpose of life is to build motors

Russian aircraft engine designers
S. S. Balandin A. G. Ivchenko S. P. Izotov V. Ya. Klimov P. A. Kolesov S. A. Kosberg N. D. Kuznetsov A. M. Lyulka A. A. Mikulin A. A. Sarkisov P. A. Soloviev B. S. Stechkin S. K. Tumansky K. R. Khachaturov A. D. Charomsky A. D. Shvetsov

Date of death:

Deputy of the USSR Armed Forces of 2-3 convocations (since 1946).

A.D.Shvetsov died in Moscow on March 19, 1953. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (plot No. 4).

Wright R-1820 engine

In 1947, AD Shvetsov was awarded the title of "General Designer". Lieutenant General (07/17/1948). In -1953, under the leadership of A.D.Shvetsov, a family of air-cooled piston engines was created, based on the Wright R-1820 license:

ASh-2TK - 28-cylinder, 4-row 4000 hp
ASh-2K is a combined turbine-piston engine with a capacity of 4500 hp.

Awards and prizes

Memory

The Aviation College and a street in Perm are named after Shvetsov. A monument was erected in the homeland of the designer, in the city of Nizhnie Sergi.

Write a review on the article "Shvetsov, Arkady Dmitrievich"

Notes

Literature

Green B. General Designer A. D. Shvetsov. - Perm: Perm. book publishing house, 1964 .-- 104 p. - (Wonderful people of the Kama region).
Shvetsov Arkady Dmitrievich // / ed. M.M. Kozlova. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - P. 790. - 500,000 copies.

An excerpt characterizing Shvetsov, Arkady Dmitrievich

On the way, Alpatych met and overtook the convoys and troops. Approaching Smolensk, he heard distant shots, but these sounds did not strike him. Most of all, he was struck by the fact that, approaching Smolensk, he saw a beautiful field of oats, which some soldiers apparently mowed for feed and on which they camped; this circumstance struck Alpatych, but he soon forgot it, thinking about his business.
All the interests of Alpatych's life for more than thirty years have been limited by one will of the prince, and he never left this circle. Everything that did not concern the execution of the prince's orders not only did not interest him, but did not exist for Alpatych.
Alpatych, having arrived in the evening of August 4th in Smolensk, stopped behind the Dnieper, in the Gachensky suburb, at an inn, at the housekeeper Ferapontov, with whom he had been in the habit of staying for thirty years. Ferapontov twelve years ago, with the light hand of Alpatych, having bought a grove from the prince, began to trade and now had a house, an inn and a flour shop in the province. Ferapontov was a fat, black, red, forty-year-old man, with thick lips, a thick bump in his nose, the same bumps over black, frowned eyebrows and a thick belly.
Ferapontov, in a waistcoat, in a chintz shirt, was standing at a shop overlooking the street. Seeing Alpatych, he approached him.
- Welcome, Yakov Alpatych. The people from the city, and you to the city, - said the owner.
- Well, from the city? - said Alpatych.
- And I say - the people are stupid. Everyone is afraid of the Frenchman.
- Woman's talk, woman's talk! - said Alpatych.
- So I judge, Yakov Alpatych. I say there is an order that they will not let him in - that means it is true. And the peasants ask for three rubles from the carts - there is no cross on them!
Yakov Alpatych listened inattentively. He demanded a samovar and hay for the horses and, having drunk tea, went to bed.
All night long the troops were moving past the inn on the street. The next day Alpatych put on a camisole, which he wore only in the city, and went about business. The morning was sunny, and it was already hot from eight o'clock. An expensive day for harvesting bread, as Alpatych thought. Shots were heard outside the city from early morning.
From eight o'clock, cannon fire joined the rifle shots. There were a lot of people in the streets, hurrying somewhere, many soldiers, but as usual, cabbies were driving, merchants stood at the shops and services were going on in churches. Alpatych went to the shops, to offices, to the post office and to the governor. In public places, in shops, at the post office, everyone talked about the army, about the enemy who had already attacked the city; everyone asked each other what to do, and everyone tried to calm each other down.
At the governor's house, Alpatych found a large number of people, Cossacks and a road carriage that belonged to the governor. On the porch Yakov Alpatych met two gentlemen of the nobility, one of whom he knew. A nobleman he knew, a former police chief, spoke with fervor.
“It's not a joke,” he said. - Well, who's alone. One head and poor - so one, and then after all thirteen people of the family, but all the property ... They brought that everyone should disappear, what kind of bosses are they after that? .. Eh, would hang the robbers ...
- Well, it will be, - said another.
- And what is it to me, let him hear! Well, we are not dogs, - said the former police chief and, looking around, saw Alpatych.
- And, Yakov Alpatych, why are you?
“By the order of his Excellency, to the Governor,” Alpatych answered, proudly raising his head and putting his hand in his bosom, which he always did when he mentioned the prince ... “They were pleased to order to inquire about the state of affairs,” he said.
- Yes, here and find out, - shouted the landowner, - brought that no carts, nothing! .. Here she is, do you hear? He said, pointing to the side from which the shots had been heard.
- They brought that to die for all ... robbers! - he said again, and left the porch.
Alpatych shook his head and went up the stairs. In the reception room there were merchants, women, officials, silently looking at each other. The office door opened, everyone got up and moved forward. An official ran out of the door, talked something with the merchant, called behind him a fat official with a cross around his neck and disappeared through the door again, apparently avoiding all the glances and questions addressed to him. Alpatych moved forward and at the next exit of the official, laying his hand on the buttoned coat, turned to the official, handing him two letters.
“To Mr. Baron Asch from the general in chief, Prince Bolkonsky,” he proclaimed so solemnly and significantly that the official turned to him and took his letter. A few minutes later the governor received Alpatych and hastily said to him:
- Report to the prince and princess that I knew nothing: I acted according to higher orders - here ...
He gave the paper to Alpatych.
“But, by the way, since the prince is not well, my advice to them is to go to Moscow. I'm on my own now. Report… - But the governor did not finish: a dusty and sweaty officer ran into the door and began to speak something in French. The governor's face showed horror.
- Go, - he said, nodding his head to Alpatych, and began to ask the officer something. Greedy, frightened, helpless glances turned to Alpatych when he left the governor's office. Now involuntarily listening to the close ones and the ever-increasing shots, Alpatych hurried to the inn. The paper given by the governor to Alpatych was as follows:
“I assure you that the city of Smolensk does not yet face the slightest danger, and it is unbelievable that it would threaten it. I am on the one hand, and Prince Bagration, on the other hand, is marching on a formation in front of Smolensk, which will take place on the 22nd, and both armies will begin to defend their compatriots in the province entrusted to you with combined forces, until their efforts remove the enemies of the fatherland from them or until they are exterminated in their brave ranks to the last warrior. You see from this that you have the perfect right to calm the inhabitants of Smolensk, for whoever is protected by two so brave troops can be sure of their victory. " (Instruction of Barclay de Tolly to the Smolensk civil governor, Baron Asch, 1812.)

HELL. Shvetsov was born in 1892 in the village. Nizhneserginsky plant, Krasnoufimsky district, Perm province, in the family of a plant teacher. The Shvetsov family had seven children, all of them were educated at home. Arkady stood out for his special diligence in teaching. He became addicted to reading very early. After eleven years of teaching at factories, the head of the Shvetsov family, Dmitry Stepanovich, moved with his family to Perm, since the time had come to teach older children.

In the summer of 1901, Arkady Shvetsov was enrolled in the preparatory class of the Perm Alekseevsky real school. On June 5, 1908, he was issued a secondary education certificate. The State Archives of the Perm Region keeps the file of the Chancellery of the Perm Alekseevsk Real School on the production of tests for 6th grade students in 1908. Arkady Shvetsov discovered the following successes in the subjects of the real course: behavior - 5, the Law of God - 4, Russian - 3, German - 3, French - 5, geography - 3, history - 3, math - 3, natural history - 4, physics - 4, drawing - 4, drawing - 4, diligence - 3, attention - 4, missed lessons - 74.

In the summer of 1909, Arkady arrived in Moscow and entered the mechanical department of the Higher Technical School, which already then had the fame of a wonderful school of Russian mechanics. At the end of 1911, Dmitry Stepanovich, Shvetsov's father, died, and Arkady invited his mother and younger children to move to Moscow. He took over the material concerns of the family: during the day he worked as a draftsman at a factory, a proofreader in a printing house, and in the evenings he sat over textbooks. And yet there was not enough money. Shvetsov had to leave his studies for a while. During this time, he developed a passionate interest in everything related to aviation. He entered the Dynamo plant as a turner, where he revealed himself as a designer of machine tools. At the beginning of 1917, the plant's management offered him the position of a technician-designer.

In Moscow, Arkady Dmitrievich found personal happiness: he got married, in 1914 his son Vladimir was born.

Shvetsov unconditionally accepted the October Revolution, and his mother, Evdokia Moiseevna, even joined the Bolshevik Party. In the spring of 1918, Evdokia Moiseevna met with Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya and, on her recommendation, was hired to work in the editorial office of a new magazine for housewives.

Arkady Dmitrievich, meanwhile, took up his studies again. Without leaving his job at the plant, he studied the course of the Higher Technical School and in 1921 received a diploma in internal combustion engines. Shvetsov turned thirty when he was offered to head a technical bureau at the Motor Aviation Plant. This was the beginning of what became his life's work.

In 1922 Shvetsov began work on the creation of a Russian aircraft engine. A year later, he headed the technical department of the "Motor" plant and completed work on the creation of the M-8-RAM. But Arkady Dmitrievich saw that the future belongs to air-cooled motors. The idea of \u200b\u200ba new engine that would correspond to promising engineering principles arose even while working on the RAM (Russian aircraft engine).

February 11, 1924 A.D. Shvetsov was appointed chief engineer of the Motor aircraft plant. In 1926, the design group under the leadership of Shvetsov managed to create a five-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, which became the first serial aircraft engine of domestic design. The strong motor was surprisingly strong, although it was compact and weighed only one and a half hundred kilograms. This Shvetsov engine received the M-11 brand and was installed on Po-2 (U-2), AIR-6, Ut-2, Yak-18, and others. Subsequently, several engine modifications were produced: M-11A, M-11B , M-11V, M-11G, etc. Shvetsov gained fame as a talented designer of air-cooled aircraft engines. In 1927, the M-22 engine released under the leadership of Shvetsov attracted the attention of aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev. An experienced ANT-5 fighter was built, which entered serial production.

In 1931 and 1933 Shvetsov with a group of aviation specialists was sent to the United States of America to learn about the experience of aviation firms. After the return of Arkady Dmitrievich in 1934, the government decided to send him as chief designer to a new engine-building plant in Perm. In July 1935, the first Perm M-25 engine withstood state tests perfectly. This engine was installed on the I-15 fighter, created by the aircraft designer N.N. Polikarpov. He was rightfully called one of the best fighters in the world. This was confirmed at the 1935 International Aviation Exhibition in Italy.

In 1939, the Shvetsov nine-cylinder M-63 engine was widely used in Soviet aviation. But it could not in any way compare with the new ASh-82 engine, which was significantly superior in power to the American Wright Cyclone of the same type.

In August 1939, the wife of Arkady Dmitrievich tragically died in a train accident. Despite his personal drama, Shvetsov, as the head of the experimental design bureau, on the eve of a possible war with Nazi Germany, sought to speed up work on the ASh-82, since he understood that the upcoming war would be a gigantic battle of engines.

In the fall of 1940, for the great scientific and technical contribution made to the creation of aircraft engines, the Higher Attestation Commission awarded Shvetsov the scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences without defending his thesis. The son of Arkady Dmitrievich, Vladimir, followed in his father's footsteps - at the same time he graduated from the motor-building faculty of the Aviation Institute and received an engineering degree.

In May 1941, the ASh-82 engine passed state tests and was put into mass production. This motor brought all-Union glory to the Shvetsov design bureau. Many aircraft powered by Shvetsov's engines fought at the front: the highly maneuverable I-15 fighter, which became famous even on Khalkhin-Gol, Tu-2 and Pe-8 bombers. In 1942, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for outstanding achievements in the field of aircraft engine building A.D. Shvetsov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and the State Prize of the first degree.

In the 1940s, Shvetsov developed a number of air-cooled piston engines of the ASh family, the power of which was consistently increasing: ASh-62IR, installed on Li-2, An-2 aircraft; ASh-82, ASh-82FN for La-5 and La-7 fighters, Tu-2, Pe-8 bombers, Il-12, Il-14 passenger aircraft.

In 1946, Arkady Dmitrievich was nominated as a candidate for deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the Kungur electoral district. In 1950 he was elected for the second time as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

People turned to the deputy A.D. Shvetsov with his problems and troubles: there were requests for material assistance, for treatment, for the allocation of gasoline, transport, strollers for the disabled. Shvetsov tried to help everyone. The State Archives of the Perm Region has a personal fund of A.D. Shvetsov, which contains documents covering his deputy activities - letters to Arkady Dmitrievich from citizens, Shvetsov's correspondence with the Molotov Regional Executive Committee and other organizations on issues of deputy activity.

In January 1952, Arkady Dmitrievich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In addition to this award, the list of orders of A.D. Shvetsov includes five Orders of Lenin, the Order of Kutuzov of the first degree and the Order of Suvorov of the second degree, four State Prizes (1942, 1943, 1946, 1948) and four more medals.

Huge loads and colossal stress could not but affect the health of the designer, and on March 19, 1953, A.D. Shvetsova stopped. A street and an aviation technical school, located in the building of the former Alekseevsky real school, graduated from A.D. Shvetsov.

Sikorsky, Polikarpov, Ilyushin, Tupolev, Myasishchev, Sukhoi, Yakovlev, Antonov ... - a galaxy of great Russian aircraft designers known to the whole world! Some became famous for the creation of the best combat vehicles in the world, others for the famous transport and passenger aircraft.

But planes without motors are dead structures. Therefore, the glory of aircraft designers should be rightfully shared by engine designers. Unfortunately, few people know their names. Our short essay is devoted to one of them - Arkady Dmitrievich Shvetsov, 125 years since his birth (January 12, 1892) this year.

Before the era of jet aviation, aircraft flew on internal combustion engines - the same as cars, only many times more powerful. Moreover, the engines were of two types - water-cooled and air-cooled. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Water-cooled engines are more difficult to manufacture and operate, but fit well with the streamlined shape of the aircraft. Air-cooled engines increased the drag of the aircraft, but they were more tenacious and better protected the military pilot from enemy bullets and shells. Structurally, they were so different that even at the dawn of aviation, the specialization of not only aircraft engine factories, but also the designers themselves arose. HELL. Shvetsov devoted his entire creative life to air-cooled engines and, in fact, became the country's chief specialist in this area.

He created his very first engine in 1923. It was a 5-cylinder radial engine with a capacity of only 100 horsepower - the famous M-11, which has faithfully served our aviation for over 40 years. It was used by Polikarpov's "heavenly slugs" Po-2, which during the Great Patriotic War turned from training aircraft into effective night bombers. The engine power was later increased to 160 hp. and many light and sports aircraft were created for it, including the Yak-18, which was mass-produced until the early 1960s.

The next work was the M-62 engine (renamed ASh-62 in 1944 - according to the author's initials) with a capacity of 1000 hp. for Polikarpov I-153 and I-16 - record holders of height and maneuverability, the best fighters of the mid-1930s. And after the war, the engine worked (and still works) on reliable and unpretentious An-2 maize trucks. It has been serially produced for over 50 years.

In 1934, Shvetsov, as an experienced specialist (he then worked as the chief engineer of the Moscow plant "Motor"), was appointed chief designer of a giant aircraft engine plant under construction in Perm - the city where he was born, graduated from a real school and left to study at the famous MVTU. Its main official task was the earliest possible development of serial production of licensed American engines, and its unofficial task was to create a qualified design team from scratch.

He successfully coped with both tasks and soon began developing his own engines. The most famous of them and one of the most widespread during the war years were the ASh-82 with a capacity of 1700 liters. with., serial production of which began in May 1941. Various modifications of these engines stood on a variety of aircraft: on the La-5 and La-7 fighters (by the way, it was on La that pilot I. Kozhedub shot down 62 fascist aircraft, for which and received three stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union), on the unsurpassed front-line bombers of the Second World Tu-2, on long-range bombers Pe-8 (on one of them the People's Commissar V.M. Molotov flew to America). ASh-82 served for decades after the war. They were used on the Il-12 and Il-14 passenger planes and on the first domestic Yak-24 and Mi-4 helicopters. Hundreds of these engines are still in service today.

The last work of A.D. Shvetsov became the ASh-2TK engine with an unprecedented power of 4300 hp at that time, which had an increased altitude (the ability to maintain power in a highly rarefied air) and exceptional efficiency. It was intended for long-range high-altitude bombers.

However, when the tests and development of the engine were completed, it became clear that the era of piston aircraft came to an end. Together with her, the short life of the great designer and scientist came to an end. Arkady Dmitrievich died on March 19, 1953 at the age of 61, and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

The country deservedly appreciated his enormous contribution to the development of domestic aviation and, especially, to the Victory cause, conferring on him the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and awarding him five Orders of Lenin and four Stalin prizes. This contribution was expressed not only in specific engines, but also in the creation of an excellent scientific school of engine building (Shvetsov himself became a doctor of technical sciences even before the war). His best student P.A. Solovyov (1917 - 1996) - the future corresponding member. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, winner of the Lenin and State Prizes, Hero of Socialist Labor, became the successor of A.D. Shvetsov as Chief Designer. He also became the founder of gas turbine engine building in the USSR and the creator of domestic by-pass turbojet engines installed on Tu-134, Tu-154, Il-76, Il-86, Il-96, Tu-214, MiG-31 aircraft.

Let's add a few more touches to the portrait of A.D. Shvetsov. With immense engineering talent and unique capacity for work, he was an avid chess player and a great lover of classical music. The Chief Designer spent his rare hours of free time attending concerts and opera performances, and he himself played the piano well. He also loved to draw, and if he went out into nature, he always took a sketchbook and paints with him. A talented designer, he was talented in everything.

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