Four-sided wood router. Four-side bed milling machines. What the machine should provide after adjustment

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Are you looking for high-performance and low-cost equipment that allows you to work with all types of wood? Products from the TehLesProm catalog fully meet these requirements. The company sells four-side bed milling machines that combine high resource with precision.

Scope of four-side bed milling machines

The equipment allows you to simultaneously perform flat and profile processing of four surfaces of a wooden blank. The machine has a massive frame on which the table, cutting tool and feed mechanisms are fixed. The equipment is driven by electric motors.

Four-side bed milling machines are versatile devices that are most widely used when working with the following products:

skirting boards;
joinery;
timber for window and door frames;
solid wood flooring.

Specialists of "TechLesProm" will provide qualified assistance in the selection of equipment for woodworking, as well as take care of the delivery, installation and commissioning.

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Woodworking machinery

Four-side bed milling machines

Four-side milling machines are designed for flat and profiling in one pass of all four surfaces of the workpiece or board. Sometimes saws are installed on the same machines to separate the workpieces by width or thickness.

Design

The working bodies of the four-sided longitudinal milling machine (Fig. 1) consist of two horizontal spindles - upper and lower - and two vertical spindles - right and left. In some machine models, a fifth lower horizontal spindle is additionally installed. Material feed is roller-caterpillar or roller. The machines are equipped with guide rails and clamps. All elements are fixed on a cast bed.

In the process of work, workpieces (boards) are fed into the feeding mechanism continuously manually or with the help of a feeding device. The workpiece captured by the feeders is fed onto the knives of the lower horizontal cutterhead. The lower cutter head processes the bottom face, creating the first reference surface, then the workpiece enters the cutter head of the right vertical spindle, which, when processing the edge, forms the second reference surface. Based on these two surfaces, the workpiece is pushed onto the cutter head of the left vertical spindle, slicing the second edge, and finally, the upper horizontal head machines the upper face.

The spindles are usually mounted on calipers that allow them to change their position when adjusting in the vertical and horizontal planes. This is very important, since four-side milling machines are designed for processing workpieces (boards) of various sizes, both in width and thickness. Vertical machine spindles can also be tilted in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction.

Rice. 1. Diagram of a four-sided longitudinal milling machine: 1 - support of the fifth (molding) spindle, 2 - support of the upper horizontal spindle, 3 - upper horizontal spindle, 4 - right vertical spindle, 5 - support of the lower horizontal spindle, 6 - support of the feed mechanism, 7 - lower horizontal spindle, 8 - horizontal clamps, 9 - left vertical spindle, 10 - support of the left vertical spindle, 11 - molding spindle, 12 - ruler guides, 13 - base plate, 14 - vertical clamp

An additional lower fifth spindle And often called a molding spindle, it is designed to cut a profile in the lower face of the workpieces and to divide them by width or thickness into separate bars. In the first case, profile cutters are attached to the spindle, in the second - circular saws with a diameter of up to 350 mm. In S16-4A machines, the molding support can be rearranged from the lower position to the upper one for sampling a deep profile on the upper face of the workpiece (board). In addition, these machines provide the ability to rotate an additional spindle by 90 °, which makes it possible to use it for dividing workpieces by thickness.

The spindles rotate at a frequency of 5000-6000 rpm from individual electric motors. Often on machine tools there are installed electric motors with elongated shafts (Fig. 141), which are simultaneously spindles.

The spindles, made separately from the electric motors, are connected to them by couplings or belt drives; in this case, the electric motors operate from the power frequency current, in all others - from the electric current of increased frequency (100 Hz).

Some models of 4-side bed milling machines are equipped with ironing knives (fig. 3) mounted directly behind the first horizontal lower spindle. Of the three installed ironing knives, two work, and the third eccentric drowns below the guides and is in reserve. Ironing knives remove small irregularities from the processed lower layers of the workpieces. Each knife is installed in a drawer at an angle to the direction of movement of the workpieces. The knives can be adjusted in height (each individually) with eccentric rollers. This is necessary to change the thickness of the removed chips.

Ironing knives remove long chips, which cannot be removed by exhausters, therefore the machines are additionally equipped with a chip crushing device powered by a separate electric motor.

If the shavings are clogged under the ironing knives, then bulges, irregularities, grooves and depressions may form on the front surface of the workpiece. If this defect is found, the correct installation of the knife is checked. By turning the eccentric, the knife is drowned, the box with the knife is removed from the machine for inspection, and the reserve knife is put into operation.

Chips are driven under the knife when there is a gap between it and the chipbreaker (local or along the entire length) or if the knife protrudes from the chipbreaker by less than 1-2 mm, and also when the rear edge of the knife is below the level of the chipbreaker. Having eliminated the shortcomings, the box with the knife is put in place.

Rice. 2. An electric motor with a shaft that simultaneously serves as a vertical spindle of a bed milling machine: 1 - housing, 2 - nut, 3 - milling cutter, 4 - spindle lifting mechanism, 5 - slide guides, 6 - screw for moving the spindle in the horizontal plane

With roller-caterpillar feeding, the chain and drums are driven by the same drive (often with a variator for stepless speed change). The feed speed is in the range of 4-42 m / min. The upper rollers can be adjusted in height.

The roller feeder is located at the head of the machine, but the rollers can be dispersed along the machine. Their surface is corrugated or smooth. If the rollers are installed behind the upper cutter roll, they are sometimes covered with rubber, which gives better adhesion to the surface of the workpiece and at the same time maintains the roughness class of its processing.

Rice. 3. Ironing knives: 1 - knife, 2-box, 3 - screw, 4 - eccentric roller, 5 - chip crushing device

The guiding devices are made up of steel plates and guide rails. The plates form a support surface for the workpieces. The base plate of the front table in front of the lower horizontal knife head is set in height by turning the handwheel of the screw mechanism, and this is achieved by changing the thickness of the chips removed from the workpiece. This thickness should not exceed the height of the irregularities on the surface of the workpiece.

Four-side milling machines are equipped with a centralized control system, which provides for interlocking to prevent breakage of individual machine elements in case the machine operator makes a mistake in machine control.

Four-sided longitudinal milling machines С10-2, С16-5, С16-4А, С25-01 have much in common in design and differ mainly in size and, in some cases, in the order of placement of working bodies, power of electric motors of drives.

The C10-2 machine is designed to simultaneously process four sides of workpieces and boards up to 100 mm wide (as indicated in the model index) and up to 50 mm thick. All C16 machines are designed for processing workpieces and boards up to 160 mm wide and up to 80 mm thick; S25-01 machines - for workpieces up to 260 mm wide and up to 125 mm thick.

The S16-4A machine is the main one in the group of four-sided longitudinal milling machines. It is designed for surface milling of planks, planks and planks simultaneously from four sides.

The machine bed is cast-iron, box-shaped. Electric motors are fixed on the bed calipers, knife heads are installed on their shafts. The bed is also equipped with guide rulers and spring rollers for pressing the workpieces to the machine table and guide fence.

The support with the electric motor of the lower horizontal knife head (the first in the feed direction) can be moved vertically and is fixed with an eccentric clamp. The support with the electric motor of the right vertical head (the second in the direction of feeding) can move in the transverse direction and is fixed with a clamp. The support of the left vertical head (the third in the direction of feeding) moves vertically with a handwheel and is fixed with a clamp; in the axial direction, the position of the support is changed and fixed with screws.

For setting the feed rollers, cutter heads and clamping elements to the size of the planed material, the machine is provided with appropriate scales. The machine is equipped with a molding counter, the control panel is located on the gable part of the bed, the electrical equipment of the machine is placed in the electrical cabinet. The workpieces are fed into the machine manually with the help of a magazine, they are picked up by the feed (two lower and two upper) rollers from the drive, which includes an electric motor, variator, reducer and gear transmission. The feed rate is infinitely variable.

The position of the workpiece moving during machining is determined by the support tables and side guide rulers.

All spindles are equipped with protective devices, which simultaneously serve as receptacles for chips. A board thickness limiter and a claw guard are installed in front of the feed mechanism.

The machine control system ensures the impossibility of turning on and operating the feed mechanism when at least one of the electric motors of the working bodies is turned off, the impossibility of turning on the electric motors when the guards are not installed.

Rice. 4. Four-sided bed-type milling machine С25-01: 1 - support of the upper cutter shaft, handwheel for adjusting the upper cutter shaft, 3 - handwheel for adjusting the block of pressure devices, 4 - block of pressure devices, 5 - handwheels for adjusting the feed mechanism, 6 - control panel, 7 - block with a feed mechanism, 8 - exhaust receiver of the left vertical spindle

The power of the machine's electric motors and the high feed rate make it possible to use high-speed processing modes during the operation of the machine.

Machine S16-4A as a machine with continuous processing, with a stepless feed rate can be included in the automatic line.

The C25-01 four-side bed milling machine is also the base model. An infinitely variable roller feed mechanism is installed in the front block of the bed. The design of the machine allows it to be supplemented with an automatic magazine feeder, for the drive of which an asterisk is provided on one of the shafts of the machine feed mechanism. Adjustment of the feed rollers to the material thickness is done with handwheels. The clamping elements located in the area of the vertical spindles are mounted in a common block. When adjusting the pressure elements in height, the block moves in the vertical plane with a handwheel. The upper horizontal cutter shaft is mounted on a support on the left side of the bed. To adjust its height, a screw mechanism for moving the caliper with a handwheel is provided. The machine control panel is located at the front of the machine, where the machine operator's workplace is located.

Selecting the operating mode

The operating mode is selected according to the power of the most loaded electric motor and according to the class of roughness of the treated surface. These indicators are calculated in the same way as for thicknessing machines, but for all electric motors of working bodies. Then the feed rate is selected according to the power of the most loaded engine, provided that the required class of roughness of the processed surface is obtained.

Machine setting

Four-side bed milling machines in terms of setting are the most complex of the entire group of bed milling machines. They set up cutting units, clamping elements and feeding devices.

The upper generatrix of the cylindrical cutting surface of the lower horizontal knife head, located in front of the rest of the cutting tools of the machine, must coincide with the working surface of the rear (stationary) table or be 0.02-0.05 mm higher than it. The position of the cutter head relative to the back table is checked in the same way as when setting up the planer machine, that is, with a control bar. The coincidence of the horizontal tangent to the cutting surface and the working surface of the rear table is ensured by moving the knife head spindle along the height of the support, turning the eccentric roller on which the support rests, or moving the support by other devices.

The front (movable) table of the machine is set lower than the rear one by the amount of the wood layer cut off from the workpiece surface. This dimension depends on the machining allowance and ranges from 1 to 3 mm.

If the design of the front table provides for the ability to move along the height of only its jaw located at the knife head, then the thickness of the layer to be cut off determines the position of this jaw. This design of the table allows you to easily change the thickness of the removed layer of wood.

When adjusting the lower horizontal cutter head for profile milling, in addition to its height setting, it is necessary to adjust its position along the table width. For adjustment, use a reference part or a segment of a previously machined part. The part is placed on the back table above the cutterhead and pressed against the right vertical ruler.

If the subsequent milling of the edges of the workpiece is provided, then spacers with a thickness equal to the thickness of the wood layer cut off by the right knife head are placed between the reference part and the ruler. The head is installed in the horizontal and vertical directions along the reference part and fixed.

Located after the lower upper horizontal cutter head is set so that the distance from the cutting edges of the blades to the table located under the head is equal to the thickness of the processed workpieces.

If the upper cutter head is located first on the workpiece, then the upper table is also adjusted, against the working surface of which the workpiece is pressed by the upper face when milling its lower face with the lower horizontal cutter head. This table is installed above the rear table of the lower horizontal knife head parallel to the table surface to a height equal to the thickness of the workpiece being milled. The head is installed so that the horizontal cutting plane coincides with the working surface of the upper table.

For profile processing of the face, the horizontal upper knife head is adjusted in the same way as the profile lower one.

The right vertical cutter head (or cutter) is installed in the horizontal plane so that the removal of a layer of wood of a given thickness from the right edge of the workpiece is ensured. For this, the cutting edge of the tool, which has the smallest radius of rotation (with profile milling of the edge), should protrude to the left beyond the plane of the right front vertical ruler by an amount equal to the thickness of the removed layer of wood from the most protruding part of the profile. The left vertical head (cutter) is set horizontally to the specified width of the part.

The working surface of the left guide ruler is set in a plane tangent to the circle of rotation of the cutting edge of the tool having the smallest radius, parallel to the feed direction of the workpiece. In the vertical direction, the cutting tool is installed so that its cutters overlap the thickness of the part,

For profiling of edges, cutters on vertical spindles are adjusted according to the reference part. The cutter is moved in height, achieving the coincidence of its profile with the profile of the reference part, pressed against the machine table. If, after profiling the edges, it is envisaged to remove a layer of wood from the lower face of the workpiece, then the cutters are adjusted according to the reference part laid on the gasket. The thickness of the shims must be equal to the thickness of the removed layer of wood. The support surface of the rollers or tracks should protrude from the table surface by 0.3-0.5 mm. The lower feeding organs are adjusted by moving them in height.

The upper feed rollers are set in height at a distance from the surface of the lower rollers or caterpillar equal to the thickness of the processed workpiece or slightly less (by 1-1 (5 mm). to overcome the feed resistance; at the same time, too much pressure of the rollers on the workpiece must not be created, as this causes additional feed forces.

When adjusting the vertical clamps, adjust their position in height and set the value of the clamping force.

All vertical clamping elements located in front of the upper cutter head are set 1.5 mm below the horizontal plane of the longitudinal milling of the head so that the spruce presses the workpiece, even if its upper face turns out to be non-milled, and ensures the normal operation of other cutting tools of the machine. Vertical hold-down devices after the upper cutter head are set 0.5 mm below the horizontal cutting plane of the head.

The horizontal left clamps are set at the level of the cutting plane of the left vertical head (cutter). The clamps, which serve to support the chips in front of the cutting tools (horizontal and vertical), are set at the level of the cutting plane of the tool parallel to the feed direction.

Clamps should prevent vibration of the workpiece or its departure from the reference surfaces. The amount of pressure is adjusted by tightening the springs.

After finishing the setting of the machine, you need to remove foreign objects from the area of the cutting tools and other mechanisms of the machine, check the ease of rotation of the cutting tools by hand, put all the guards on the machine. Then turn on the machine and carry out a trial processing of the workpieces. After checking the dimensions and quality of the parts obtained, the machine is adjusted if necessary.

A correctly tuned machine must ensure the accuracy of the dimensions and shape of the machined parts with deviations from the straightness of the side edges of no more than 0.2 mm over a length of 1000 mm; from the parallelism of the side edges - no more than 0.3 mm over a length of 1000 mm; from the perpendicularity of the edge and face - no more than 0.15 mm over a length of 100 mm; from uniformity in thickness, according to the 2nd class of processing accuracy.

After preliminary adjustment of the machine to a given processing size, two or three test blanks are processed and, based on the measurement results, they are considered complete or adjusted.

The reference part used for adjustment is a copy of the part made in accuracy one class higher than the accuracy class of the part. The standard is made from hardwood or, better, from lignofol. The dimensions of the reference must be checked periodically.

It is permissible to use a segment of a previously machined part when setting up machines for rough machining of parts according to the 3rd class of accuracy. The conditions for processing test parts, according to which the machine is adjusted, and the parts themselves, must be characteristic for a given batch of blanks.

When setting up, it is necessary to use accurate measuring instruments.

Work on machine tools

The four-side bed milling machine is served by two or three workers. Before starting work, make sure that there is a sufficient number of blanks and that the exhaust system is in good working order,

Before starting the machine, check the serviceability and correctness of the position of all protective devices, and before setting, turn off the machine shield, on which the push-button control is located, in order to prevent the possibility of erroneous turning on of the machine.

Planks that are winged, with deep risks or curves, as well as overdried ones with large warpage, must not be guided into a four-sided bed milling machine.

In the process of work, the machine operator, standing at the feeding table, makes sure that the boards go in one row along the table rollers, without significant distortions, correcting incorrectly lying boards manually.If the machine is not equipped with a feeding table, then the boards or blanks from the stack are placed on the table in front machine tool. The material should be fed without edge gaps. When planing short workpieces, inter-end gaps lead to a stop of the workpiece in the machine, which can lead to the formation of processing defects on the machined surface (tears across the part, arson). If at a given feed rate, face-to-face tears are unavoidable, the feed rate should be reduced.

The machine operator must monitor the correct position of the stops limiting the dimensions of the supplied workpieces, since ingestion of workpieces with excessive allowances into the machine can lead to machine breakdown or overheating of the electric motors.

The dimensions of the workpieces after milling should be checked every 20-30 minutes using gauges. If, during operation, the speed of one of the working bodies drops (detected by the occurrence of noise, unusual for the normal operation of the machine), the machine operator must immediately turn off the feed until the working bodies rotate at the required speed. If the feed rollers slip, indicating a weakening of the clamps, stop the machine and, after examining it, eliminate the cause that interferes with the normal supply of workpieces to the machine.

When stopping the machine, check the condition of the electric motors and belt drives. If an unacceptable heating of at least one electric motor is detected, it is necessary to stop the machine and eliminate the cause of the heating. After 1.5-2 hours of work, it is necessary to plan and finish the knives.

If dirty, tables or rollers should be cleaned. The reason for the appearance of chips, tears, mossiness and hairiness on the treated surface can be a large thickness of the removed layer of wood. A chopped surface or a large difference in wavelength may be due to slack in the bearings.

Construction of machine tools. Four-sided longitudinal milling machines are produced for processing with the largest cross-section of workpieces in width and thickness 100X50 mm (C10-3), 160X80 mm (C16-2A, S16F-1A) and 250X125 mm (C26-2M, C25-1A, C25- 2A). For the processing of parquet boards, there are machines with the largest milling width of 70 mm (PARK7) and 100 mm (PARK9).

For mechanization of loading, magazine loading devices, attached to the machine, or special feeding tables are used. For unloading operations, the machines are equipped with post-bed conveyors and automatic stackers of finished parts.

The four-sided longitudinal milling machine C26-2M is designed for processing boards and bar parts. On the box-shaped bed there are sequentially placed supports for the horizontal lower spindle, vertical right and left spindles and the upper horizontal spindle. The machine can be equipped with an additional molding support, which is designed for making grooves in a part or cutting it into pieces when leaving the machine.

Rice. 1. Four-sided bed-type milling machine С26-2M: 1 - bed, 2,3,5 - spindles, 4 - molding support, 6 - table, 7 - pressure roller, 8 - pressure support, 9 - handwheels, 10, 14 - rollers, H - claw protection, 12 - side clamp, 13 - guide fence

The cutting tools are mounted on spindles, which are driven by individual electric motors through a belt drive. The machine is equipped with a claw guard that prevents the backward ejection of the workpiece from the machine. Nearby there is a bar that serves as a limiter for feeding workpieces with an unacceptably large allowance.

The machine feed mechanism is located in front of the working spindles and consists of two lower non-driven and two upper driven rollers. The upper rollers are grooved for better adhesion to the workpiece. The rollers are driven by a separate electric motor with an adjustable pulley through a V-belt (variator) and a gear system. The variator allows you to smoothly change the feed speed from 7.5 to 42 m / min. Spring-loaded rollers 7 are mounted on the support, pressing the part against the table. From the side, the workpiece is pressed against the guide fence by a spring clamp.

The machines for processing parquet planks are similar in design. A distinctive feature of the machines is the presence of a conveyor feed mechanism for processing short workpieces. It is a two-chain driven conveyor with spring loaded spikes. The spikes provide reliable adhesion and feed of workpieces differing in the size of the machining allowance up to 2 ... 3 mm.

Selecting the operating mode. The operating mode of the machine is selected depending on the nominal dimensions of the part in terms of width and thickness, the complexity of the resulting profile and the required quality of processing.

The given dimensions of the part and the known machining allowances are used to calculate the thickness and width of the layer to be removed by each cutting tool. This data is used to select the permissible feed rate from the condition of the maximum load of the electric motors of the cutting mechanisms. The choice is made according to the graphs given in the operating manual of the machine, or by calculation using the formulas. Often the most loaded is the top cutter head or the left hand cutter, which produces deep, complex profiles. If increased requirements for the cleanliness of the resulting surface are specified, then the maximum speed of the workpiece should be assigned from the condition of the permissible feed per cutter.

Setting up machines. Setting up four-side bed milling machines is a complex and time-consuming operation. To reduce the number of readjustments, workpieces of the same standard size should be processed in batches. The smallest batch size is chosen so that the end of its processing coincides, if possible, with the replacement of blunt cutting tools. In addition, the next batch of workpieces should be with such a type of processing that after the first batch has been skipped, a minimum time is required for the changeover of the machine. This improves labor productivity.

Setting up the machine consists in setting the tools to the specified processing dimensions, adjusting the movable tables and guides, as well as adjusting the feed and clamping elements. The sequence of performing tuning operations is determined by the type of processing, the design of the machine, the tuning method and tuning tools.

The scheme for setting up the machine according to a template or a reference part is shown in Fig. 86. The template is installed in the machine, having previously moved the calipers, feeding and clamping elements at a distance slightly exceeding the setting size. The template is pressed against the working surface of the table and the rear guide ruler. First, adjust the ruler guides so that their working surfaces are parallel to each other. Moreover, the rear ruler should be located tangentially to the cutting circle and protrude relative to the front ruler by the thickness of the removed layer (2 ... 3 mm). The front ruler is verified using spacers, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the layer to be removed.

Rice. 2. Scheme of adjusting a four-sided milling machine according to a template: 1 - back table, 2 - template, 3 - back ruler, 4 - front ruler, 5 - spacers

Dimensional adjustment of the cutting tools is performed from the material supply side in the following sequence: lower horizontal knife head, left and right vertical knife heads, upper horizontal knife head and molding mill (if necessary).

Dimensional adjustment for all cutting tools is similar and includes the following operations: unlocking the slide, adjusting the position of the cutting tool relative to the template, fixing the slide. The caliper is moved by a removable handle or handwheel. The cutting edge of the knife is brought in until it touches the working surface of the template when turning the knife head by hand.

Another method of adjusting cutting tools uses built-in measuring tools: scales and dials. In fig. 3 shows the adjustment of the upper horizontal cutter head of a four-side bed milling machine. The caliper is moved with a handwheel, while simultaneously counting the amount of movement along the scale. Having installed the caliper in a predetermined position, proceed to the overlay of the pressure elements. Rear pressure shoes 9 at the upper cutter head are adjusted in height with nuts so that the distance from the table to the working surface of the shoes is 2 ... 3 mm less than the setting dimension X. The pressure of the shoes is regulated by changing the spring tension with nuts. The front clamp (chip breaker) is adjusted in height by rotating the nuts. The adjustment is carried out until the distance from the table to the working edge of the chipbreaker is equal to the setting size. The pressing force of the chipbreaker to the material being processed is adjusted with a handwheel, compressing or loosening the spring.

The roller pressure elements are set as follows. All clamps are sequentially detached in the course of feeding the workpiece and their position relative to the table and the guide rulers is adjusted. When adjusting, use the measuring scales fixed near the adjustable element. The pressure of the rollers is regulated by changing the spring preload. The clamping force is selected depending on the type of wood and the size of the material being processed. Do not over-press the workpiece against the table, as traces of the pressure rollers will remain on the surface of the finished part.

The lower feed rollers are set relative to the table depending on the breed, size and condition of the material being processed. For hard wood and thick workpieces, the protrusion value is taken as 0.2 ... 0.3 mm, for soft woods and thin lumber - 0.3 ... 0.5 mm.

The working edge of the front table is adjusted in height by rotating the eccentric roller with the handle of the adjustment mechanism. The table should be lowered relative to the back table by the amount of the layer removed from the bottom face, which is set using the reading device of the adjustment mechanism.

Then, the upper feed rollers are adjusted in height, and the limit bar and claw guard are set depending on the thickness of the workpiece being processed. The upper rollers are adjusted with the handwheel via the helical gear and rods.

Rice. 3. Adjustment of the upper horizontal cutter head of a four-sided longitudinal milling machine: 1 - handwheel, 2 - chip breaker adjustment handwheel, 3, 6, 7 - nuts, 4 - support, 5 - spring, 8 - chip breaker, 9 - pressure block, 10 - scale

The feed force is created by pressing the upper rollers against the material and the lower rollers through the springs. The spring preload is adjusted with nuts.

After finishing the dimensional adjustment of the machine, you should carefully inspect the moving parts and install the guards. The pipelines of the exhaust network are connected to the chip receivers and include a vacuum in the chip suction system. By pressing the button, turn on the rotation of the cutting tools. After reaching full speed with the previous spindle, the next one is turned on.

It is necessary to make sure that all cutting tools are idling for trouble-free operation, turn on the feed and process test pieces. The feed rate is selected depending on the type of wood, the size of the stock to be removed and the required quality of processing.

After processing, measure the test parts with a measuring tool: a caliper, an indicator thickness gauge or a caliber. The straightness of the treated surfaces is checked with a control ruler and a probe. Surface roughness is determined visually by comparison with a standard or measured with a TSP-4 device.

With the correct adjustment of four-sided machines, the following deviations in the accuracy of the machined parts are allowed: uniformity in thickness and width of the part along its entire length - according to the 12th grade; non-straightness of side edges - no more than 0.2 mm over a length of 1000 mm; non-parallelism of side edges - no more than 0.3 mm over a length of 1000 mm; non-perpendicularity of adjacent side surfaces - no more than 0.15 mm over a length of 100 mm.

Depending on the results of checking the test parts, the machine is adjusted and readjusted.

Work on machine tools. Machines that are not equipped with loading and unloading devices are usually served by two workers. After starting the machine, the machine operator places the next workpiece on the table, basing it on the edge along the guide fence. After gripping the workpiece with the feed rollers, the machine operator prepares the next one.

To ensure continuous and uniform operation of the machine, the material should be fed without inter-end gaps, for this, when feeding short workpieces, the speed can be reduced.

The second worker must receive the finished parts, visually check the quality of their processing and stack them in a stack.

During mechanized loading and unloading of the machine, the machine operator must monitor the correct operation of all elements of the machine and the near-station mechanisms. The degree of loading of the cutting electric motors is controlled by an ammeter built into the machine control panel.

If the motors are overloaded, noise increases, and a knocking or decrease in the rotational speed of the tools occurs, turn off the machine and determine the cause of the problem. A common reason for machine stoppages is improper use. Workpieces with unacceptably large allowances or too thin, warped and irregular shapes must not be fed. When the workpiece jams or stops, it is necessary to turn on the reverse feed and remove the workpiece from the machine. Blunt cutters should be replaced if mossiness and hairiness appear on the treated surfaces.

Four-side bed milling machines(milling and molding, planing or planing and molding) are intended for processing workpieces from four sides in one pass in order to obtain products with an exact geometric shape. They are used for the production of molded products, lining, floor boards, imitation of timber, tongue and groove, Euro lining, parquet, parquet board, engineering board, parquet board, decking, plank, double timber, profiled timber, massive timber, glued laminated timber, planed bar, bar taruka, blockhouse, plinth, platband, including - platband from MDF.

Recommendations for choosing 4-sided woodworking machines

In order to buy a four-sided machine, you need to decide on the type of products. If you want to buy equipment for lining, then the basic four-sided machine is the five-spindle Beaver machine.

The price of the equipment may differ, because the quadrilateral for wood is four-spindle, five-spindle, six-spindle, seven-spindle and multi-spindle. Depending on the client's task, the required number of spindles is selected: a 4-spindle machine is suitable for calibrating a bar, opening defects, small carpentry tasks. A 4-spindle lining machine can be used in most cases, but it is better to buy a 5-spindle or 6-spindle quadrilateral.

There is a different technology for the production of lining and other moldings, but a 4-sided machine will be used everywhere. And if the client has a large production volume, it is worth buying a high-speed model, which is in demand in the production of floorboards, lining, blockhouse, timber imitation and must be equipped with a jointer and counter supports and have a feed speed of 60 m / min. A jointer in a four-sided lathe is a prerequisite for the production of high quality moldings. In addition to purchasing the equipment itself, it is necessary to purchase mechanization for four-sided woodworking machines or an automatic blank feeding system.

Lumber machine - heavy and complex devices. Therefore, the Kami Association invites you to familiarize yourself with Beaver machines for profiled and glued beams, which comply with GOST and have a 1-year warranty. Therefore, Beaver and Quadro machines are the best four-sided machine in terms of price-performance ratio.

Purchase at a bargain price

How to choose a 4-sided machine? Experts of the KAMI Association will give you a hint. They will also help you compare v-hold planers and moulders for lining and other moldings, which have nothing to do with the eminent Beaver brand. If you are interested in models from Winner or Weinig, including used ones, you can pick up any four-sided machine from the Beaver or QUADRO line.

Among the huge number of woodworking equipment, there are machines that can process parts from four sides at the same time, and they are called four-sided planers. The working element of this equipment are rotating cutters or heads with knives. Since processing takes place simultaneously from four sides, at least four working elements can be installed. Why is it profitable to buy a four-sided wood machine, what is its main difference and what is the price of the equipment? Let's figure it out.

Features of 4 Sided Woodworking Machines

In terms of its functionality, the four-sided woodworking machine can perform several works at the same time: planing, milling, profiling and thicknessing. That is, as you can see, the design of the machine is quite complex, and we will talk about this further.

Machine tools are commonly used to create lumber with a profile or flat surface. The characteristic feature is that all this work can be done in one pass. On these four-sided machines, you can make such wooden products: floor or parquet boards, glued or profiled beams, skirting boards, lining, imitation of a bar and any molded or window elements. The four-sided woodworking machine is one of the varieties of longitudinal milling equipment. Therefore, all 4-sided devices on a tree can be conditionally divided into:

Longitudinally milling.
Thicknesser planer.

Thicknesser on wood is used to plan a part at a specified thickness from both sides at the same time. The four-side thicknesser is initially a planer and additionally has the ability to profile. Profiling this device can produce shallow, with a simple design of the lock of a small bar.

Longitudinal milling is designed for cutting material along the length to the specified size. This woodworking machine can perform profiling of any complexity. Taking into account the thickness of the planed wood, the lower knife shaft moves in the vertical direction simultaneously with the table top of the device.

Simultaneous processing of wood from four sides significantly reduces the time required, and, accordingly, increases the productivity of any production. It is this difference that makes the four-sided wood sawing machine the optimal equipment in the construction and furniture sectors.

Main criteria when choosing a woodworking machine:

bar feed system and speed;
section of lumber for possible processing;
machine weight;
processing power;
equipment price.

All four-sided machines can be classified based on the following characteristics:

feeding material in different ways.

The design of the various units of the four-sided machine

To understand how the equipment works, it is necessary to consider the design features of the machine, which includes a large number of units, the main of which will be considered in more detail.

Cast iron bed

At the base of the machine there is cast iron, it may have a different alloy and insert, but it necessarily absorbs a certain amount of vibration during the operation of the equipment and, due to its large mass, almost reduces it to zero. For feeding the timber, the material from which the loading table is made is also important. For more convenient work, there may be auxiliary elements on the table: pressure rollers, a ruler, and so on.

Tools

The number of spindles in the woodworking machine can be set from 4 to 8 or more. All of them, taking into account the model, are installed in different working units with independent electric motors. The spindles are cantilevered. The number of spindles depends on the complexity of the profile, the thickness of the removal of the timber and the needs during the processing of the timber.

In the four-sided longitudinal milling machine, there are work rollers, which are divided into: right and left, upper and lower. The main ones in the design are rollers with spindles, which are located horizontally at the bottom and vertically on the right. The exact number of planing and collecting elements provided in the equipment depends on its power, performance and class.

In the range of different manufacturers of four-sided machines, there is a universal equipment with an element that can replace any of the vertical or horizontal spindles. It can handle the product at an angle, that is, it can act as an inclined roller.

At the request of the customer, a saw shaft can be installed on some models of equipment. This device can cut a wide product along the length, which allows you to create material with correct geometric shape and the required section.

Feeder

Broaching, feeding and unloading of products in four-sided woodworking equipment is driven. All work takes place using pressure and toothed rubberized rollers. This system can be controlled from a remote control, but the price for these computerized devices is higher.

Control and safety system

The protective cover reduces noise during the processing of the bar, and also protects the operator from various injuries. The sight glass can be additionally equipped with illumination.

The woodworking four-sided machine is controlled from the panel. Taking into account the equipment model, several actions can be performed from the control panel: feed rate products to tools, setting the dimensions of the processed timber, setting the position of the spindles relative to the diameter and the details of the nozzle (if the equipment is fully automatic), switching on and off.

The presence of a hydraulic spindle and a joyter and the number of working tools depends on the type of equipment. These devices sharpen the knives directly during the processing of the product.

Woodworking machines price

You can purchase a four-sided longitudinal milling machine for wood in specialized hardware stores. But the most profitable would be to buy the machine directly from the manufacturer. Naturally, this applies only to domestic units, foreign (Italian, German, Chinese, Thai, etc.) to purchase directly is more expensive, because the price of its transportation will cost more than the cost of the equipment itself. In large cities, for example, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod or Kazan, it is possible to rent equipment from industrial companies or by installments directly from the manufacturer.

Basic moments, which you need to pay attention to before purchasing equipment, these are:

Operational reliability.
Accuracy.
Availability of service.
Performance.
Equipment price.

If a woodworking four-sided machine is planned as an addition to an already operating line, then the size of the equipment must also be taken into account.

The price of a four-sided woodworking machine depends on the following factors:

functionality;
Class;
remoteness of the manufacturer;
manufacturing plant.

It is important to take into account the technical parameters during the purchase, especially the combination of different processing options, the speed of operation and the weight of the equipment.

Any electrical equipment is a machine that, over time, can break and wear out... Therefore, when buying, it is advisable to select the most durable and wear-resistant machine. Thus, you will have to pay less often for service, and there will be much less interruptions in work. And the profitability of the work will directly depend on this.

Today, entrepreneurs prioritize not only profit, but also the safety of employees. Therefore, it is important that the equipment has a metal protective casing with sound insulation, limit switches, electric brakes, etc.

The processing of products on the equipment must be of the highest quality and accuracy. For this, it is important that the device has been done statistical and dynamic balancing all fixing parts: rotating spindles and tools.

There are firms that have just begun to take their place in the domestic market, because the price of this equipment is lower, and the quality is at the proper level. For example, these companies include the German brand beaver. To reduce the cost of its products, the firm has located production in China and Taiwan, but the parts for assembly are made in Germany. Buying a little-known brand of Taiwanese or Chinese manufacture is practically a lottery. Moreover, it will be very difficult to find spare parts for this model. Therefore, cheap models don't even need to be considered.

Four-sided bed type wood milling machine is intended for planar and profile simultaneous milling of boards, beams and workpieces of various types (this tool is popularly called "four-sided", we will not deviate from traditions). This tool has its own characteristics and characteristics, which we will talk about ...

The most common four-sided models are C26-2M, C25-2A, C25, C16-2A. On a machine type C16-2A, they work with cabinets, skirting boards, joinery and similar material. The first three machines process the flooring (boards), as well as the beams for window and door frames.

Setting up a four-sided machine

A four-sided wood machine is a cast iron bed on which there is a table, cutting and feeding mechanisms that drive an electric motor.

Before starting work, you must install a sharpened knife or cutter. After that, based on the part itself, the machine is set up (rulers, clamps, feeder, etc.). The clamping mechanism must be installed so that the block passes as freely as possible and does not vibrate. The upper rollers are positioned so that the block can pass under them when they are lowered down.

After making sure that the machine is set up, it is necessary to pass several test blocks through it. Thanks to this, you will definitely make sure that the machine is set up correctly, and if even this is not the case, then you will not spoil the workpiece you need. Workpieces must be fed end to end. First, cut short workpieces in multiples of length, after which you can start trimming.

The main problems and their elimination:

Uneven surface. A defect is possible due to improper adjustment of the knife shafts and / or vibration of the machine;

Grips on the sides. This defect indicates an incorrect adjustment of the clamps, or the processing of bent workpieces;

Distorted profile - incorrect installation of knives / cutters on vertical heads;

Mismatch between groove and ridge. This defect is formed due to inaccurate installation or sharpening of cutters.

Two basic safety rules - do not work on the machine without a guard, do not climb into the machine during its operation (clean, adjust, etc.).

Types of cutters, or how and with what to work ...

Before installation, knives and cutters must be perfectly sharpened and well balanced. Fastened to the shaft evenly, tighten the bolts alternately, starting from the center.

There are four types of cutters- plug-on and end, one-piece and composite. Shell and compound cutters are usually used to work with carpentry parts. During the adjustment of the cutters, the parameters are saved, and at the end of sharpening the profile does not change. Cutters diameter - 80-180mm.

To achieve a smooth milling cut, use cylindrical shell cutters with a diameter of 80-140mm, height - 40-260mm, with four insert knives.

For perfect grooves and ridges, use top-back cutters. With this type of cutters, grooves 4-12 in width are chosen, in a board with a thickness of 28 and 36 mm.

Attachment disc and slot cutters with brazed inserts are ideal for:

Rectangular longitudinal and transverse grooves;

Glued wood.

The cutters are complemented by high speed steel or carbide inserts.

For smooth milling, milling cutters are usually used, which have from 4 to 8 incisors. The advantages of milling cutters over knives are quick and easy installation, increased safety level (in contrast to knives).

Operation of a four-side bed milling machine

Grease

It is necessary to lubricate the gears of the machine reducer every quarter (that is, every 3 months) with AK-Yu oil;

Ball bearings are lubricated with US-2 grease at the same frequency;

Bushings and plain bearings - every shift with US-3 solid oil;

The set screws are lubricated with US-2 grease every month;

Lubricate the caliper guides with IM-45 every month.

Adjustment of the four-sided machine

When adjusting the machine to the required material thickness, the support with the upper rollers, as well as the support of the upper cutter head, must be set in height using the handwheels, the pressure rollers - using the screws. Use the left vertical spindle and side clamps to adjust the width.

Adjustment to the required profile is carried out by installing profile knives on the heads.

Basic rules for setting up a four-sided machine:

Set the edge of the front table and the lower rollers below the table to a thickness equal to the layer of wood to be removed;

The upper rollers are set according to the thickness of the workpiece (the pressure reserve is 5mm);

Front head knives are installed at the level of the rear table;

Upper rollers and pressure rollers adjust the width and thickness of the workpiece. In the rollers, the pressure reserve is 5 mm, in the clamping ones - 15-20mm;

The guide fence is set at a distance of 3-4 mm from the vertical head (keep the angle 90 in relation to the lower rollers);

We carry out the final alignment of the knife heads.

What the machine should provide after adjustment:

The straightness of the side edges (check with a probe, the permissible rate is 0.2 per meter);

Parallelism of opposite edges (check with a caliper, permissible rate 0.3);

Perpendicularity of adjacent edges (check with a probe, tolerance 0.15 to 0.1 m);

Uniformity of the thickness of the bar.

Do-it-yourself four-sided machine

A high-quality four-sided lumber machine that will give the owner a pleasure to use and will bring a minimum of hassle is quite expensive. A significant proportion of people prefer to make a homemade four-sided machine. You don't have to be a super pro to make a DIY four-sided machine. So, let's take a closer look at what stages the manufacturing of the machine consists of.

Instructions

First of all, we create the frame itself for the machine. This is the surface on which all the necessary equipment will be installed. The frame must have a U-bend that will hold the Z-axis. This requires a 2.5cm thick pipe. When the pipe joints are in place, use a sealant.
The motor and the X-axis rails. Now we need to install the X-axis rails. They are made of aluminum and must have a 1.9 cm wide U-shaped notch. You can buy them in every store that sells hardware. We install the motor with the holder and attach it to the motor shaft.
We are preparing the base (X axis), we need metal or plastic, which will be attached to the frame. Then we attach the bearings to a piece of aluminum.
We are preparing platform Y. It is identical to platform X, only rotated 90 degrees. This is followed by the installation of the motor and rails on the X platform, after which the movable platform Y is assembled. Do not forget about the coupling nut and bearing.
We assemble the Z axis. At this stage of assembling the Z axis, the procedure for assembling the X and Y axes should be repeated. We take a flat material and attach the motor with guides to it, after which we install the bearing and the U-shaped profile. Our platform moves up and down, so it can jump off under the weight of the engine. To prevent this, install a roller bearing at each end of the rail.

The final stage. Attach your engine to the Z platform and place the platform in the frame. Our design is almost complete. It remains for us to connect the electric motors and run the program.

We bring to your attention "How to assemble a four-sided machine" video.

Machines from renowned suppliers - quality assurance

"DIOS" - woodworking equipment and components

The commercial and industrial group "Marketlis-DIOS" has been providing customers with high-quality woodworking equipment from well-known world manufacturers for more than 17 years. Since 2002, this company has been operating as a separate structure, and more than successfully supplies Ukrainian manufacturers with high-quality and necessary equipment: woodworking machines, woodworking equipment and tools, etc.

The company annually takes part in world thematic exhibitions. Knowledge of the latest innovations and achievements in its field, as well as many years of experience, allow the company to compete with well-known European suppliers.

LLC "Trading House Negotsiant-Engineering"

LLC "Trading House Negotsiant-Engineering" began its existence in the woodworking market in 1997. Today this company is one of the leaders in the supply of European woodworking equipment to the Russian market.

Among the customers of Torgovy Dom LLC are well-known Belarusian and Russian companies and furniture factories, with which a trusting relationship has been established. "Trading House Negotsiant-Engineering" is a dealer of more than one hundred European and Russian equipment manufacturers.

The company not only supplies equipment, but also provides advice, offers final technical solutions, and also offers services for installation, commissioning and maintenance of equipment.

Global Edge Group of Companies

The expression "Global Edge" appeared in 1991. This is perhaps the most famous group of companies on the Russian market. Global Edge are the pioneers who were the first to bring high-quality woodworking equipment to Russia in the 90s.

Bandsaws, American 4-sided machines, European mass-production equipment and other equipment are all credited to Global Edge.

The company has many serious awards, including: the all-Russian competition "Russian forest", "Leader of woodworking", "Best Russian enterprises", "Best supplier 2005", "European standard", in all these competitions the company took first place.

Price for four side milling machine

We have already examined how to make a machine with our own hands. However, if you have the opportunity to buy a ready-made machine, it is better to choose this option. For a four-sided machine, the price is quite diverse, and is in the price range - 400,000-1,000,000 rubles. The price of knives for a four-sided machine starts at 220 rubles. You can buy a used one, or a Chinese-made machine - but the effect is not at all the same. The two most optimal options are to buy or do it yourself.

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