What you need to know about social business? Social entrepreneurship social entrepreneurship business plan

Topics related to social entrepreneurship are becoming more popular every day. However, it is very difficult to give an unambiguous definition of this concept. What are those corresponding to this direction, to which categories are they primarily related? Why? These and other issues of no less concern to society are discussed in this article.

Social entrepreneurship concept

What social entrepreneurship? Activitiesthat characterize it are defined in a very interesting way. Thus, social entrepreneurship should be understood as entrepreneurial activity, primarily aimed at alleviating or solving social problems.

It is important to note that social entrepreneurs form a business model with unique characteristics. Its profit is to increase the social good. It should be added that social entrepreneurship, activities, corresponding to it, differ from a business with a corporate social type of responsibility (CSR). The fact is that in the second case, only part of the profit is directed to solving problems of a social nature, and not its entire amount.

Related definitions

Development of social entrepreneurship closely related to the following definitions:

• Social impact is nothing more than a targeted focus on mitigating or solving urgent social problems; sustainable social outcomes of a positive nature that can be measured.
• Innovation is the use of new techniques that increase the degree of social impact on society.
• Financial sustainability and self-sufficiency is nothing more than the ability of a socially oriented structure to solve problems of a social nature for as long as there is a need for it, and at the expense of the incomes that come from their own economic activities.
• Replicability and scalability - some increase in the scale of economic activity of the social structure (both nationally and internationally) and the dissemination of the model (experience) in order to increase the degree of social impact.
• The entrepreneurial approach is the ability of an entrepreneur entering into, contemplating market failures, accumulating resources, finding opportunities, forming new solutions that can positively influence on a long-term basis both individual social groups and society as a whole.

Social entrepreneurship: governance and models

By analyzing the types of activities that are relevant today, the following models of social entrepreneurship can be distinguished:

• Charitable sales. This usually includes service or commercial stores. Typically, their proceeds are transferred directly to a charitable foundation. The following shops are vivid examples of such structures: BlagoButik, Thank you, the White Horse art gallery, and so on.
• Addressing the issue of employment of mothers with children under three years of age, disabled people, as well as individuals who are in difficult life situations. For example, in the store “Naive? Very!" the formation of souvenirs is carried out by people with mental disorders, and the restaurant "In the Dark" employs only blind people.

Additional directions

As it turned out, characterizing social entrepreneurship activities do not have clear boundaries. Therefore, in the literature, as a rule, only approximate models (directions) of the corresponding activity are given. The options presented in the previous chapter are by far the most common. However, the following points are inferior to them to a minimum extent:

• Social entrepreneurship organizations to create services that are not provided in full by the state. A striking example of this situation is the Vasilek kindergarten located in Moscow.
• Providing services of a unique focus, for example, the taxi service "Invataxi" provides transport services exclusively for disabled people.
• Socially-oriented entrepreneurship, aimed at the development of the territory and local society. For example, the Kolomenskaya Pastila Museum, which hosts exhibits of vanished taste, and the formation of an urban brand around the pastila, as well as the LavkaLavka project for the delivery of environmentally friendly products, implemented to support rural producers living in the Moscow region.

Small businesses

Socially oriented the projects presented in the previous chapters are organized through the efforts of social entrepreneurship actors. So, the following structures and citizens can act as the latter:

• Commercial type organizations.
• Non-profit organizations.
• Individual entrepreneurs.

Signs of social entrepreneurship

Subjects of social entrepreneurship are engaged in the organization and promotion of activities, which correspond to the following characteristics:

• Social impact. In other words, the activity of the structure, one way or another, is aimed at mitigating urgent problems of a social nature.
• Social entrepreneurship (examples presented above) is determined by such a feature as innovativeness. Thus, in the course of its own activities, the company must use new and unique working methods.
• A sign of financial stability. In other words, the enterprise is obliged to solve social problems at the expense of the income that it receives from its own economic activities.
• Finally, it is scalable. That is, the structure, one way or another, has the ability to transfer previously acquired skills to other enterprises, markets and even other countries.

What follows from this?

Having fully analyzed the signs presented in the previous chapter, one can judge that due to such an interesting entrepreneurial approach, the category considered in the article differs significantly from the usual traditional charity. Why? The fact is that, in addition to the social effect, the activities of social companies are aimed at making a profit, which is very important for economic structures today.

Development in different countries

To date, social entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation is not as widespread as in other countries. The Strategic Director of the Russian Laboratory for Social Innovation Clouswatcher expressed his point of view on this matter. He explained that social entrepreneurship is a newly formed economic sector, so many points in this case are debatable.

Thus, social entrepreneurship is usually classified as either a non-profit or a commercial area of \u200b\u200bactivity. Specialists of the Laboratory of Social Innovation believe that the direction considered in the article exists and develops in accordance with its own laws. This means that absolutely any entrepreneur can be considered a social entrepreneur who has officially formalized obligations to regularly carry out a certain set of actions of a social nature to solve socially significant problems.

Pages of history

In the 1980s, the concept discussed in the article became popular in society thanks to the activities of Bill Drayton, who founded the Ashoka company. However, the direction appeared in reality long before this moment. Thus, in the Russian Federation, social entrepreneurship appeared at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

A striking example of such entrepreneurship is the House of Diligence, which was founded by Father John of Kronstadt. Subsequently, this kind of structure began to rapidly gain popularity in society. In accordance with their meaning, they implemented the function of labor exchanges, where every person in need had the opportunity to find a job.

However, it wasn't until the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries that social entrepreneurship gained real popularity. It is no coincidence that in 2006 the world Nobel Prize was awarded for the area in question for the first time. It is important to add what the founder of the microfinance organization Grameen Bank, Muhammad Yunus, received.

Expert point of view

According to experts, the category of social entrepreneurship significantly increases the indicators of economic efficiency. Why? The fact is that it introduces into circulation those resources that were not previously used in such quantities. Moreover, the above provision applies not only to unused material (for example, industrial waste), but also excluding the use of human resources. So, the latter include socially forbidden groups, which include the poor, ethnic diasporas, and so on.

Thus, Coimbatore Prahalad, in his own works, formulated a very interesting approach to social entrepreneurship. In accordance with this provision, one can notice the following: if you do not consider the poor as a burden or sacrifice, but see them as consumers and entrepreneurs, then mechanically a large number of opportunities open up not only for the poor, but also for business.

Conclusion

In accordance with the above, we can conclude that, working in relation to the disadvantaged or the poor, a business has the opportunity not only to be profitable, but also to significantly expand the market, as well as attract a large number of new consumers. For such a state of affairs to become possible, large-scale companies need to work closely with state organizations of local authorities and civil society.

It is important to note that the foreign experience related to the support of social entrepreneurship is very wide in scope. The activities of organizations in South Korea should be noted separately. Why? The fact is that it is there that the promotion of socially oriented business today is a priority task of state importance. Thus, all social entrepreneurs in South Korea are required to undergo certification. This gives them a significant advantage in terms of competition with ordinary entrepreneurs in commercial activities.

In our country, this type of activity has not yet become widespread, but society is developing, so such a business will soon become very popular.

To consider the possibility of financing an investment project by the Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, the applicant must submit a business plan for an investment project that meets the requirements of the Rules for the development of business plans for investment projects, approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Belarus dated 31.08.2005 No. 158. For investment projects, providing for the implementation of investments in infrastructure (engineering, social, environmental, transport) and not related to the receipt of profit (income) (non-commercial investment project), it is allowed, upon justification of the initiator (management body), to submit a feasibility study of the investment project (hereinafter - the feasibility study), developed in accordance with industry specifics and (or) international approaches, or an approved investment justification instead of a business plan. When issuing loans for the purchase of goods for their transfer to financial lease (leasing), a forecast calculation of cash flows is provided.

Business plan tables are drawn up in the form of Appendix 4 of the Rules for the development of business plans for investment projects, regardless of the cost of the project and the measures of state support provided. In this case, the investment proposal, the passport of the investment project and the calculation of the payback of state support are not drawn up.

Taking into account the specifics of the implementation of types of economic activity and the specifics of the current (operating), investment and financial activities of the organization and (or) the project, separate calculation tables of the Rules for the development of business plans for investment projects, if necessary, can be changed or supplemented with lines (columns), and the names of indicators refined. In addition, the business plan must contain a monthly calendar schedule for the implementation of the project with an indication of the date of putting the facility into operation, a monthly schedule of loan repayment by JSC Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus. When attracting loans from other banks, investors, state support to finance the project, information on the adoption of appropriate decisions and the conclusion of agreements for the allocation of funds, the amount of resources used at the time of the development of the business plan is indicated.

The presented business plan of the investment project should allow the Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus JSC to carry out a full and comprehensive analysis in the following areas:

1. analysis of the project implementation strategy, its technical and technological feasibility, the objectivity of the financial and economic calculations and the resulting final indicators;
2. analysis of sales markets for products (works, services) for the project, its competitiveness, sales strategy;
3. analysis of the efficiency and financial feasibility of the project, cost recovery;
4. project risk analysis.

As part of the analysis of the implementation strategy of the project of the Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, the following main issues are considered:

1. goals and objectives of the project (mastering new types of products, increasing production volumes, improving the quality and competitiveness of products, reducing costs, etc.), their compliance with programs approved by the President of the Republic of Belarus and (or) the Government of the Republic of Belarus;
2. the validity of proposals for the development of new types of products (services), taking into account its economic and social significance, the availability of design and technological documentation, the experience of the enterprise in the production of similar types of products, the location of the project, taking into account the geographical location, the existing infrastructure;
3. the state of existing production facilities and the validity of the need for additional production facilities;
4. elaboration of technical and technological issues of the project, compliance of the production program and material and technical support provided for by the business plan, the characteristics of the equipment provided for the purchase and the solutions laid down in the design and estimate documentation;
5. the validity of the choice of suppliers of equipment, technologies, contractors (documents on the results of tenders for the supply of equipment, etc.) and the planned volume of investments for the project;
6. the validity of the requested loan amount based on contracts, agreements, design estimates, etc .;
7. the correctness of the implementation of financial and economic calculations, their compliance with the legislation.

As part of the analysis of sales markets for products (works, services) under the project of the Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, OJSC assesses the capacity of markets, their development prospects, production and consumption balances, main competitors, competitiveness in price and quality parameters, sales channels and other issues ... The corresponding section of business plans for investment projects may contain a number of tables: on the analysis of the external environment at the macro level, an overview and trends in the development of the industry (including analysis of opportunities and threats), alternative scenarios for changing sales markets, product competitiveness and marketing analysis (PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, analysis of Porter's five forces and other techniques). Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus OJSC welcomes the submission of a separate document - marketing due diligence (due diligence), which includes a study of the system of measures of commodity, price and communication policy, a system of promoting goods aimed at aligning production with the market situation and ensuring sustainable sales.

The analysis of the economic efficiency of the investment project is carried out according to the following indicators:

1. simple payback period of the project;
2. dynamic payback period of the project;
3. internal rate of return;
4. added value per person working on the project.

The criterion for assessing the payback period of an investment project is the weighted average standard service life of fixed assets introduced under the project, as well as the period from the moment of the initial investment in the project to the commissioning of the projected facility. At the same time, if the dynamic payback period exceeds the specified period, the investment project is considered ineffective.

The criterion for assessing the internal rate of return for the project is the discount rate determined in the business plan of the investment project. If the value of the discount rate exceeds the internal rate of return, the investment project is recognized as ineffective. At the same time, if a long-term loan is the prevailing source of financing for a project (it takes 60% or more in the structure of sources of financing an investment project) for an investment project to be recognized as effective, the internal rate of return must exceed the interest rate on a long-term loan.

The added value per worker on the project is an indirect indicator that characterizes the effectiveness of the project. The assessment of the value added per one working on the project is made according to the annual value of this indicator, determined when reaching the maximum load of the fixed assets introduced under the project, in comparison with the threshold values \u200b\u200bof the annual value added per one average employee for the main types of economic activity established by the legislation of the Republic Belarus, but not less than the amount equivalent to 16.6 thousand US dollars in the absence of a threshold value established by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

The analysis of the financial feasibility of an investment project is carried out on the basis of the sufficiency of own sources, borrowed and attracted funds to finance the project in the planned time frame, as well as if it is possible to repay the attracted long-term loans and other obligations in full in the prescribed time. At the same time, the attraction of each source of financing must be justified in the business plan of the investment project. At the same time, the cumulative cash balance according to the table "Calculation of cash flow for the organization" of the business plan of the investment project must have positive values \u200b\u200bfor each period (year) of the investment project. Also, the debt coverage ratio must exceed 1.0 for each period (year) of the investment project, except for the case when the business plan of the investment project justifies the possibility of repaying long-term loans and other long-term debt obligations from sources other than net income.

The recoupment of investment projects is determined on the basis of the table "Calculation of the flow of funds for export-import operations (value of the project)" of the business plan of the investment project. An investment project is considered to be currency payable when positive values \u200b\u200bof the cash flow balance in free convertible currency from the current (operating) and investment activities of the project are achieved, while the payback period should not exceed the accepted horizon for calculating the business plan of the investment project. At the same time, the values \u200b\u200bof the cash flow balance in free convertible currency on export-import operations on an accrual basis for the organization, taking into account the project, as a rule, in each period (year) of the project should be positive, which indicates the presence of a sufficient amount of revenue in foreign currency remaining with the borrower after its mandatory sale to fulfill obligations to the Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus OJSC.

When analyzing the main types of project risks that may arise during its implementation, Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus OJSC assesses:

1. organizational risks (the ability to complete the main stages of the project on time, the availability of qualified management personnel);
2. production risks (the ability to ensure the continuity of the production process, release of products in the planned volumes and required quality);
3. technological risks (degree of technology development, equipment reliability and maintainability, availability of spare parts, additional equipment, tooling, participation in installation and training of invited specialists);
4. financial risks (assessment of the current financial position of the organization implementing the project, the likelihood of non-fulfillment by the project participants of their financial obligations, the consequences of possible insolvency of other project participants);
5. economic risks (assessment of the risk of a decrease in demand for manufactured products and the possibility of diversifying its sales markets, the resistance of the project to an increase in prices and tariffs for material resources, a worsening tax climate, the likelihood of an increase in the cost of construction and installation work and equipment, the occurrence of unaccounted costs).

student 10kl MBUSOSH # 1, Konakovo Volguzheva Ya.M.

Socially significant project.

The main goal of my project is to find possible ways to organize social protection and economic support for people with disabilities and student youth.

Tasks :

Download:

Preview:

Municipal budgetary educational institution. Secondary school № 1 in Konakovo, Tver region.

Creative project

Business plan of the LUCH souvenir workshop

Student of grade 10 Volguzheva Ya.M.

2013

Stage 1. Search

Selection and justification of the project topic

Putting ideas forward.

During their studies, many students of our school accumulate a large number of creative ideas, in the lessons of technology they make original, single things that could compete with mass-produced goods, but at the same time do not have regular financial support to implement their ideas. Therefore, there arethe need to enter the free market for single, original consumer goods and create a permanent source of income for the economic support of young people.

Also, young people are not indifferent to the problems of children with disabilities, they would like to help people with disabilities feel their importance and be in demand in society. Arisesthe need for social and economic protection of young people with disabilities.

Currently, there is a problem of youth employment outside of school; many young people cannot find an occupation to their liking that would satisfy themaesthetic and material needs.

Based on these needs, the optimal solution to socio-economic problems will be the creation of a youth enterprise.

Purpose: Organization of a youth enterprise.

Tasks :

1. Creative development and aesthetic education of youth.

2. Social support of student youth, including children with disabilities.

3.Providing paid services to the population: making souvenirs, decorating interiors and conducting master classes.

Initial evaluation of the idea.

In order to organize an enterprise, it is necessary to conduct certain studies:

1. Explore the skills and abilities that students possess.
2. Research of the assortment of products.
3. Determination of the specialization of the enterprise.
4. Raw materials market research.

Research 1.

Identifying the technologies that students own.

In order to determine the direction and type of manufactured goods, we will conduct a survey of students of our school for the knowledge of skills in knitting, beading, making soap, modeling, making souvenirs from various materials. The survey involved 194 people - from 5 to 11 grades.

The survey results showed:

Modeling from modeling mass, cold porcelain, salt dough - 30% of students

Making souvenirs from various materials - 24% of students

Soap making - 19% of students

Knitting - 15% of students

Beading -12% of students.

Output: most of the students have skills in sculpting from various materials and making souvenirs (Appendix 1). 63% of the respondents became interested in the new direction of “soap making” and learned how to make it (Appendix 2). The motivation for choosing these directions was the fact that the products made of cold porcelain, soap and other various materials are environmentally friendly, useful and work in these areas helps to prevent some diseases. Kneading a hot mass of cold porcelain warms up the joints, helps to relieve the exacerbation of arthrosis on the hands, is an excellent gymnastics and develops motor skills. The soap prepared using certain ingredients for different skin types helps to improve the appearance of the skin, prevent irritation, flaking, oily sheen.

Research 2. Study of the material and technical base.

Any enterprise must have production facilities and equipment. In this case, a youth enterprise can count on the premises of a technology classroom with a total area of \u200b\u200b50 sq. m. (Fig. 1) The office occupies a light (4 windows measuring 228x166), dry and warm room. The floors are wooden, warm and smooth (non-slip), covered with oily floor paint. Walls and ceilings are smooth, covered with paints that allow wet cleaning of the room (emulsion for the ceiling, oil for the walls). Large windows in the workshop allow plenty of natural light. The room is heated by a central heating battery.

The office is equipped with desks and chairs. Adjacent to the study is a small kitchen with a total area of \u200b\u200b8 sq. m. The kitchen is equipped with a washbasin with hot water supply. An electric stove and refrigerator are installed. A microwave oven is available.

After analyzing the state of the material and technical base, we can conclude that the premises and equipment are favorable for the manufacture of soap, products from cold porcelain and the manufacture of various souvenirs.

fig. 1.

Research 3. Research of the commodity market.

Research of the raw material market is one of the key tasks in the organization of an enterprise, since its efficiency will directly depend on the prices of raw materials, and, therefore, affect the cost of the product and profit. Having made an analysis of the commodity market, taking into account the cost of tools and materials, as well as based on a small initial capital, we can conclude that the most affordable and acceptable is the production of products from cold porcelain, because we prepare cold porcelain ourselves. All the ingredients of cold porcelain can be purchased in stores or stores at a low cost. (Appendix 1)

Cold porcelain making recipe:

1 cup PVA

1 cup starch

1 tbsp. l. cream

2 tbsp. glycerin

The production of soap is considered the most expensive, but since the purchase of raw materials will be made at the bases in bulk, the costs for it will be lower.

Baby soap recipe:

Baby soap (solid) - 200 gr.

Liquid (water, milk, herbal decoction, etc.) - 250 ml

Glycerin - 1/2 tsp

Aromatic oil (optional) - 2-3 drops.

There are other recipes for making soap (Appendix 2).

The raw materials for making souvenirs from various materials will be the remains of fabric, thread, paper, cardboard, etc. The cost of raw materials will be the lowest (Appendix 3).

Study 4: Product assortment study.

Research and analysis of the product range of the future enterprise is another priority task. The success of the enterprise will depend on how correctly the direction of production of goods is chosen. Let's compare the assortment of products for three directions: cold porcelain, soap and souvenirs from various materials.The assortment of porcelain products is diverse, from inexpensive souvenirs (Fig. 2-3) to complex exclusive paintings and panels (Fig. 4). A special place is occupied by the production of educational games for children. This is a rather complex production and the time required takes several days, but the demand for these products is great, since many children do not attend kindergartens, and at home there are no various benefits for the development of children, in the stores of our city such products are very expensive, so parents will be happy to purchase our educational games at reasonable prices (Appendix 1).

fig. Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4

The assortment of soaps is large enough, designed for all age groups and different consumers. The level of complexity is the same as in the first direction (Fig. 5-7) Time costs for the main types of products will be higher than for porcelain products.

fig. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7

The assortment of souvenirs from various materials is large and designed for different consumers. Difficulty level is different (Fig. 8-10) Appendix 3. Making a simple thing takes 20-30 minutes, more complex 1-2 hours. After analyzing the range of products, we can conclude that the manufactured products are diverse, original, designed for different consumers, able to withstand the competition of souvenir products from other enterprises.

fig 8 Fig 9. fig. 10.

Research 5. Determination of the specialization of the enterprise.

Criteria	Souvenir making	Soap making	Beading	Molding	Knitting
Decorative purpose
Functional purpose
Labor intensity
Complexity of processing
Availability of equipment
Availability of materials
Cost of materials
Possession of technology
Strength
Operational safety
Environmental Safety
Competitors
Work force
Sales market

Output: Based on the results of a comparative analysis, it can be concluded that 3 areas are suitable for a youth enterprise: making products from cold porcelain, making soap and making souvenirs from various materials.

Stage 2. Business planning.

Market research

Before starting to create a product, a manufacturer must first find out the needs of people, and then take measures to develop and launch it into production. This is nothing more than marketing. To do this, we will carry out the following activities:

1. Let's define the ratio in the market between supply and demand.
2. We will identify the potential price of the product.
3. Let's determine the cost of manufacturing the goods.
4. Let's identify the possible effect of the implementation of the idea.
5. Let's evaluate the information received.

Determination of the ratio in the market between demand and supply of goods.

If you look at the store counters and look at the market, then we will not find there a large selection of cold porcelain items, or it will be a rare exception to the rule. Soap and souvenirs are plentiful, but little handmade. This means that the industrial production of these goods has not been established in the economic space. Can a youth enterprise cope with this task? Is the economic niche for cold porcelain goods, souvenirs from various materials and soaps free? But will the products be in demand? Will the company be unprofitable? To answer these questions, it is necessary that the demand for the product exceeds the supply.

Study of supply and demand of products.

Having studied the souvenir products in the shops of the city, we came to the conclusion that there is no supply of products from environmentally friendly cold porcelain and handmade soap, which means there is no competition. Soap can be sold in saunas, baths, beauty salons and specialized stores, and souvenirs from cold porcelain can be sold at exhibitions, city events, in hotels in the city of Konakovo and in stores (Karavan, Korcheva, Gifts, Phoenix shopping center, etc.). Many new trade establishments, salons, bars are opening in our city, and the owners have a question about window dressing, so we offer services for the decoration of sales areas and showcases.

We make products for decoration from environmentally friendly materials: thread, paper, twine, fabric.

Let's study demand. To do this, we will conduct a consumer survey, trying to cover all age and social groups. We have products for children, young people and older people in our assortment. Basically, these are things that are not functional, but decorative.

To do this, we will exhibit porcelain and soap products at the Konakovo hotel, at a school fair, at an exhibition of children's art and in a library (Fig. 11).

fig. 11

We will conduct a survey of visitors, while recording their interest, age and occupation (Fig. 12).

The survey results showed that 90% of 350 surveyed visitors were interested in this product,The main consumers of the products are individuals, ranging from preschoolers to the elderly; institutions (children's, school, government, honest, etc.), as well as organizations and firms. 60% of the surveyed visitors are ready to purchase products, the age of the respondents is from 5 to 64 years old, the occupation is very diverse: from an electrician and a taxi driver to a doctor and a cook, education - from secondary to higher. If we conditionally divide the entire assortment into three age groups (junior, middle and adult), then 64% of respondents showed interest in the products of the first group, and 36% in the second group.

fig. 12

During the survey, several proposals were received - orders for interior decoration and production of souvenirs.

However, the analysis performed cannot serve as a basis for making an entrepreneurial decision.More research is required.

Identifying the potential price of a product.

It is very important to know what price you can expect for the offered product. After analyzing the data of the consumer survey, it can be assumed that a product that is simple and not labor-intensive will cost 100 rubles, products that are more labor-intensive - from 200 to 1000 rubles.

Based on the results of the survey, we can presumably establish the market value of the goods, but this is not yet the basis for making a final decision. You need to know the exact price of the product, taking into account your own costs.

Determination of your own expenses.

The costs of the entrepreneur associated with the production of goods are called production costs. They are calculated in relation to the commodity unit.

Ip \u003d Ao + Cc + Cpc + Hp, where

Ip - production costs;

JSC - depreciation charges;

Сс - the cost of raw materials;

Срс- the cost of labor;

Нр - overhead costs.

Depreciation deductions - this is part of the cost of all fixed assets involved in the production of the product. In this case, these are scissors, stacks, needles, silicone molds for soap. These costs are calculated as a certain percentage of the value of the instrument for the year.

Scissors-7% 55 rub. Ao \u003d 3.85 rubles.

Silicone molds-1% 50 rubles. Ao \u003d 0.5 rubles.

Needles, stacks-1% 10 rub. Ao \u003d 0.1 rubles.

If we calculate depreciation per unit of production, then these costs are insignificant, therefore, in our further calculations we will not take into account depreciation deductions and the total cost of the product will be calculated using the formula:

Raw material cost.

The calculation is based on the amount of raw materials that is used to manufacture a unit of marketable products. Take, for example, three products of varying complexity and complexity.

Cold porcelain (Appendix 1)

Name	Unit cost in rubles	Material consumption in gr.	Total cost in rubles.
Starch
PVA glue
Glycerol		0,25
Cream		0,25

Soap (Appendix 2)

Name	Unit cost in rubles	Material consumption gr.	Total cost rub.
Basis for soap		0,02
Dye
Flavoring agent		0,025

Thread decoration(Appendix 3)

Name	Unit cost in rubles	Material consumption gr.	Total cost rub.
Threads
PVA glue
Balloon

Labor cost

It is impossible to make a sufficiently accurate calculation of the labor force, since children will work at the enterprise. Naturally, someone will work faster, and someone slower, someone has more work experience, and someone else is just starting to master the technology. Therefore, here it is impossible to introduce time-based wages, you can only use piece-rate wages, taking into account the number of things made, their complexity and labor intensity. For example, the cost of a simple thing (working time up to half an hour) can be estimated from 10 to 100 rubles. A product of medium complexity (operating time from half an hour to 5 hours) - from 200 to 500 rubles. Product of increased complexity (operating time from 5 hours above) - 700 rubles.

Overheads

Calculated per unit of marketable product: the cost of consumed energy, transport costs, the cost of packaging. If, as we said above, the school provides premises for a youth enterprise, then there is no need to pay rent.

The cost of the consumed energy will depend on the labor intensity of the product. At a cost of 1 kWh of 3.03 rubles, the electricity consumption for a simple product will be 0.5 rubles; medium difficulty - from 1.0 to 4.5 rubles; increased complexity - from 4.5. rub. and higher. We will take transportation costs as 1 rub. per unit of marketable products. The cost of packaging will be from 0.1 to 10 rubles, depending on the size of the product.

We will calculate the average cost of products without taking into account social security contributions, depreciation deductions and other costs of production and sales, including costs for all types of repairs of fixed assets. Because in the production process, simple tools that do not require special repair and maintenance will be involved, then these costs will be minimal. The same can be said about depreciation charges. Since all materials and tools are very lightweight, the delivery of raw materials can be disregarded.

Goods manufactured and sold by an educational and production enterprise are exempt from value added tax if the income received from this activity is directed to the immediate needs of ensuring, developing and improving the educational process.

At the stage of organization, the company does not have loans from the bank, which means that it cannot bear the costs of paying off short-term loans. It also has no initial capital and can only rely on initial monetary contributions from the family budget of each student, or make products from materials from a school or a customer. Thus, the cost of production or the total cost will consist of the cost of material costs, the cost of labor and overhead costs.

For an example of calculating production costs, let's take 3 products: A souvenir made of cold porcelain, a lampshade made of threads, a product made of soap.

1. A soap product - Ip \u003d Cc + Cpc + Hp, where Cc \u003d 10 rubles, Cpc \u003d 20 rubles, Hp \u003d 0.25 (en.) + 1

(transp.) + 0.1 (pack.) \u003d 1.35 Total: Ip \u003d 26.35 rubles.

2.Cold porcelain souvenir - Ip \u003d 15 + 50 + 6.1 \u003d 71.1 rubles.

3. Decoration of threads - Ip \u003d 5 + 10 + 6.1 \u003d 21.1 rubles.

Total: average production costs 40 rubles.

From the calculations of the total cost, it is clear that the product must be designed for a different consumer.

Expensive products such as vases and souvenirs made of cold porcelain can be made to order for the decoration of offices, classrooms, institutions. And inexpensive goods can be produced in small batches and distributed in schools to students, at school art exhibitions, or in outlets in the city.

Identification of the possible effect of the implementation of the idea.

In this case, the effect is understood as entrepreneurial profit. Profit is the difference between an entrepreneur's income and expenses.

1. A soap product - P \u003d 50-26.35 \u003d 23.65 rubles.

2. Souvenir from cold porcelain - P \u003d 120-71.1 \u003d 48.9 rubles.

3. Lampshade made of threads - P \u003d 50-21.1 \u003d 23.9 rubles.

Making an entrepreneurial decision.

Based on the research and mathematical calculations, it can be concluded that a youth enterprise can be profitable, the products will be in demand with the consumer, therefore, the organization of such an enterprise is real and expedient. In order for the company to be "afloat", it is necessary to constantly take into account fashion trends, quickly respond to changes in the market, take into account the tastes and requirements of the individual customer.

Stage 3. Business plan development.

The purpose of developing a business plan is planning the economic activities of the enterprise for the near and long term in accordance with the needs of the market.

Purpose: Planning and organization of the youth enterprise "LUCH".

Tasks :

1. Creative development and aesthetic education of youth.

2. Social support of student youth, including children with disabilities.

3.Providing paid services to the population: making souvenirs, decorating interiors and conducting master classes.

Year established: 2012

Organization form:An autonomous organization created to achieve social, cultural, educational goals, as well as to meet the spiritual and aesthetic needs of students and people with disabilities.

Number of workers:On the basis of the enterprise, from 10 to 32 people can work, taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe occupied premises and the shift of work.

Kind of activity:Providing services for training the skills of various activities of student youth and people with disabilities for the purpose of cultural development, aesthetic education and social support.

Types of products and work performed:

Types of products: Souvenirs and educational games for children from environmentally friendly cold porcelain, threads, paper and art soap. Types of work performed: training in the manufacture of products from cold porcelain, thread, paper, finishing of finished porcelain products; soap making.

Average monthly volume of products:

Turnover in thousand rubles: Let's calculate the average monthly volume of products and turnover. Let's take a company with 10 employees and one manager. Working hours of one person - 4 hours a week (2 times for two hours). It turns out 16 hours of work per month. We will distribute the work among the members of the enterprise as follows: three people will perform simple products (third category of complexity), four people - products of medium complexity and more labor-intensive (second category of complexity) and three people - complex products, very labor-intensive, requiring more work experience (first complexity category). In one month of work, students can make:

Knowing the average cost of goods in each category, and setting the approximate selling price, we calculate the turnover per month.

Total cost, selling price:

1. Product of the 1st cat. 500 rubles * 2pcs. \u003d 1000 rubles

(gift sets made of soap, flowers from cold porcelain, decoration of a banquet hall for a celebration) (Appendix 1-4)

2.Product of the 2nd cat. 100 rubles * 23 pcs. \u003d 2300 rubles.

(Souvenirs made of environmentally friendly cold porcelain, soap, thread lampshade) 3. Product of the 3rd cat. 50 rubles * 79pcs \u003d 3950 rubles (magnets, Christmas tree decorations)

In a month, the turnover of the enterprise should be:

1000*3 + 2300*4 + 3950*3 = 24050

The company provides services for teaching soap making 300 rubles lesson, 10 people per month - 3000 rubles.

Training in making souvenirs from cold porcelain 300 rubles, 3 people per month - 900 rubles.

Training in making various souvenirs - 300, 10 people per month - 3000 rubles.

Total: 30,950 rubles.

Weaknesses and strengths of the enterprise:

The strengths of the company are:

Fast response to market changes. A new type of product can be put into production without special costs;

Manufacturing flexibility.

Depending on the season, changes in fashion, holidays (Easter, Christmas, New Year, 8th March, etc.), you can adjust the range;

The ability to do work at home (for people with disabilities, etc.);

The company's products are individual, varied, made to order.

There are no products like these in the trading network and on the market;

Flexible working hours

Weaknesses of the enterprise:

No management experience

Sales opportunities are hampered by a small area of \u200b\u200bthe city, respectively, by a small percentage of potential consumers, therefore, it is necessary to expand sales markets outside the city and the region;

Staff turnover and training

Product characteristics

The characteristic properties of the product that make it one of a kind:

Environmentally friendly;

Safe to operate;

Easy to clean;

Lightweight and strong enough;

Has a modern design and beautiful decoration.

Demand and sales market

For the sale of products, you can consider both a retail network and a wholesale one.

The capacity of this market is small, but the demand of the population for single, individual goods, for decorative products is gradually increasing.

appointment and interior decoration.

The demand for the company's products will depend on the following factors:

Marketing Applications;

Carrying out sales at reduced prices;

Introducing pre-holiday discounts on goods

Main competitors:

There is currently no competition for these products. There are no cold porcelain items in a sufficient range on the free market. Similar products made from other materials may be the only competitors.

The advantages of the manufactured products:

The advantage of the products of the youth enterprise is that the products are made in a single copy, high quality, modern design. Thus, we can suggest that there is no analogue of this product. This makes the company, in a sense, a monopoly on the market for the finished product.

Marketing plan.

When forming the method of setting prices, one should proceed from objectively existing factors:

Ability to produce high quality products;

Limited (compared to needs) production of products;

Constant growth in the cost of materials and purchased products

Therefore, for the near future, it is necessary to adopt the following pricing strategy: average price and further price increases - in accordance with demand

Events for bringing goods to market.

The following measures should be taken:

Creation of a brand, trademark (Fig. 14);

Regular participation in exhibitions, shows and fairs;

Organization of sales channels in the domestic market;

Telephone and postal communication with shops for accepting and fulfilling orders.

Fig. 13 Fig. 14

Production capacity

The enterprise has an area of \u200b\u200b50 sq. m with all the necessary equipment. The production facilities are in good condition.

Financial strategy for the month

Production and economic indicators for the planned period	Amount
Production volume	332 units
Turnover	30950 rub.
Revenues from sales	30950 rub.
Production costs of products sold	13280 RUB
Planned profit	RUB 17670
Use of the received profit	15% of the profit will be allocated for the needs of the general educational process; strengthening of the material process; strengthening of the material and technical base of the school - 2650.5 rubles; 50% of the profit - for the expansion of production - 8835 rubles; 35% of profit - 6184.5: for payment to the head of the enterprise - 4684.5 rubles,
Promotion of goods to the market

The company will receive additional income from conducting training workshops, decorating interiors in a folk style and training in crafts for those who wish (Fig. 15-16).

fig. 16 fig. 15

Stage 4. The practical part.

The products of our workshop are exhibited in hotels in the city of Konakovo, in stores (Karavan, Korcheva, Gifts, shopping center Phoenix), at an exhibition of children's creativity in the exhibition hall of the city central library and at a fair at the school. A large number of products immediately find their customers. In the “Gifts” store, educational games for children were implemented: “Learning the rules of the road” (Fig. 17) and “Funny alphabet” (Fig. 18) and an agreement was concluded on the regular sale of similar games, since these products are made from environmentally friendly cold porcelain, safe and not expensive (Appendix 1).

Fig. 17 Fig. 18

Souvenirs were presented at the fair - key rings, magnets, figurines, these products are always in great demand among buyers, especially on the eve of any holidays. Such fairs give impetus to new creative ideas and ideas. Imperceptibly for consumers, consumer demand is investigated and a new range of products is determined for its subsequent manufacture and sale, orders are accepted. Many orders were received for educational games for children, handmade soap and window dressing made of various materials (Appendix 3).

I chose my company name:The ray is a symbol of faith and hope, which makes each person feel their importance and relevance in society.The slogan of my company:An enterprise needs advertising to be successful. (Appendix 4)

Advertising - this is a type of activity, the purpose of which is the sale and marketing of products of enterprises and public organizations by distributing information paid by them. Advertising is effective only when it meets the following requirements:

1) Contains information about the specifics of the product of use.

2) Promises the consumer significant benefits when purchasing a product, for which its merits are shown, a positive image is created.

4) Creates and implants in the mind a clear, well-thought-out image of the product - which increases its value in the eyes of consumers.

5) Emphasizes the high quality of the offered product.

6) Is original and therefore not boring, does not repeat well-known, boring solutions.

7) Has a precise targeting, informing them in such a way as to take into account the differences in consumer demand in a certain advertising audience.

9) Emphasizes new unique features and properties of the product, which is a prerequisite for its success in the market.

10) Concentrates on the main thing that is important to the consumer.

Every business needs a trademark.

Trademark

Image and long-term recognition

Trademark. For my enterprise, I chose

as a trademark silhouette of a little girl in

wheelchair holding a heart with

company name. I believe that looking at this

image, immediately becomes clear, here -

Protection and economic support for people with

physical disabilities.

To attract more clients, I will place advertisements in the press, on television, radio; I will distribute business cards of the company in public places (Appendix 4).

Self-analysis of project activities

The project was difficult for me, required a lot of economic knowledge, work in the library, and the use of additional literature. While working on the project, I sought help from a technology teacher and consultations from experts in economics. Particular difficulty was caused by the section "BUSINESS PLAN", because it was necessary to analyze a large amount of information and process a lot of economic data. One of the main goals of creating the enterprise was aesthetic education and the realization of the creative potential of youth, as a result of the work on the project, it became clear that the students of our school were interested and learned new types of creativity for themselves, they gladly attended master classes on working with cold porcelain and soap making , enthusiastically developed educational games for children. The result of my long-term work was the project "Organization of a youth enterprise Luch", theoretical calculations and marketing showed that the organization of the enterprise is possible and expedient. I coped with the task, I believe that the goal has been achieved. The development of this project helped me in choosing a future profession, gaining work experience, gaining organizational skills, knowledge and practical experience in the field of economic activity.

Appendix 1. Making educational games for children from environmentally friendly materials.

The history of making cold porcelain.

"Cold porcelain" is a special mixture of cornstarch, glue, oil and glycerin, which is used for artistic modeling. "Cold porcelain" was invented in Argentina at the beginning of the last century. Today "cold porcelain" is perhaps the cheapest, very convenient and completely harmless material for modeling. It is convenient to make small details out of it, it has a smooth, homogeneous texture, it is incredibly plastic and easy to use. Figures and products from "cold porcelain" can be made by both children and adults. Unlike plasticine, "cold porcelain" becomes hard when solidified, which is an undoubted advantage. Convenient "cold porcelain" is also the fact that it is easy to make at home. There are several different ways to make this wonderful material. Cold porcelain items can be painted after they are fully cooked or added food coloring during cooking. Anything can be molded from "cold porcelain", this material gives a very wide scope for imagination. You can use in work not only plastic mass, but also various accessories: beads, strings, shells, beads, pieces of fabric and any other interesting gizmos. The finished products made from "cold porcelain" will dry for several days.Having mastered this type of modeling, you can harmonize your interior and give a lot of great gifts to friends and acquaintances. A gift made especially for this window sill, this room, this hostess will not be replaced by any shop sculptures, panels, trees, bouquets. Cold Porcelain offers unlimited creative possibilities. With a little practice, you get real works of art!

Porcelain making recipes:

Recipe 1

• 1 cup PVA
• 1 cup starch
• 2 tbsp glycerin
• 1 tbsp. l. cream (any)

1) Pour the glue into a cup, put on medium heat, immediately add the cream, mix quickly, add glycerin, stirring constantly.

2) Little by little, stirring constantly, add the starch.

3) Knead well.

4) The mass thickens very quickly, at first it will look like cottage cheese.

5) Then a lump forms. Put the lump from the cup on the table greased with cream, let it cool a little.

Knead until the mass becomes homogeneous, like plasticine.

Recipe 2

• 2 cups starch (corn)
• 2 cups white glue (any)
• 3 tbsp. tablespoons of glycerin
• 3 tbsp. tablespoons of white cream (you can use petroleum jelly)
• 3 tbsp. tablespoons of baby oil
• 1 teaspoon of citric acid (for canning)

Combine all wet ingredients and cook over medium heat until smooth. Add cornstarch. Stir continuously until a ball forms. Remove the ball from the pan and stir with your hands.

When working with a stack:

1.Store in a case, in a specific place.

2. Putting the tip away from the worker.

3. Pass the handle forward

When working with a knife:

3. Pass the handle forward.

Manufacturing technology of educational games for children.

Environmental examination of the materials used

Output: Cold porcelain is environmentally friendly material and is better for making educational games for children.

Economic calculation of the cost of the product

Total: 85.5 rubles.

Output: By comparing the price of similar products available for sale, I save 474.5 rubles.

Educational game "Learn the rules of the road"

Make Way Sign

If you see this sign
Know that he is not for nothing.
So that there are no problems
Make way for everyone!

No overtaking sign

Overtaking lovers sign

Outlaws.

In this place, it is immediately clear

Overtaking others is dangerous!

Pedestrian crossing sign

There's a ground crossing here,
People walk all day.
You, driver, do not be sad
Pass the pedestrian!

Sign "Driving without stopping prohibited"

You, driver, take your time
See the sign, stop!
Before we continue on our way
Don't forget to look around.

Pedestrian traffic prohibited sign

In the rain and in clear weather
There are no pedestrians here.
The sign tells them one thing:
"You are not allowed to walk!"

No Turning Sign

These signs are on the way
Don't miss it.
They have one concern -
Prevent us from turning.

Stop prohibited sign

Don't load the car here,
Don't park, don't brake.
This sign tells everyone:
"The one who is standing here is wrong!"

No parking sign

You can safely brake here,
But you can't stand idle.
You put passengers
And leave soon!

Main road sign

Here he is a sign, which are few:
This is the main road!
If you go along it,
You become more important than everyone
And you, as if to God,
Give way all the way!

Sign "Bus, trolleybus, tram and taxi stop place"

There is a pedestrian in this place
The transport is waiting patiently.
He's tired of walking on foot
He wants to become a passenger.

Children sign

Children in the middle of the road
We are always responsible for them.
So that their parent does not cry,
Be careful, driver!

Cyclist
Vitya Mukhin did the trick:
He decided to roll without hands ...
The frame is in the hole
The steering wheel is in the grass
The wheel is on the head!

Green is safe
But red is dangerous.
Green - we go
And yellow and red - we are waiting!

Appendix 2. Soap making.

The history of soap.

Soap was first made about 6,000 years ago, and the first description of the soap-making procedure was described on Sumerian tablets dating back to 2500 BC. It would seem that in ancient times people were not particularly keen on personal hygiene, unlike us, modern people. But nevertheless, in this matter, they were very, very inventive: they cleaned the dirt from the body with fine sand, silt, used for washing a paste of beeswax dissolved in water, wood ash.

According to some sources, the word "soap" comes from the name of the mountain in ancient Rome. The mountain was called Sapo (sapo - English version of soap - soap). On this mountain, the Romans sacrificed to their gods. The victim was burned, and at the same time animal fat was released - the basis of soap, as we know. This fat accumulated over time, mixing with the ash of the fire, and then washed away with the rain into the Tiber River, where the locals used to wash their clothes. Thus, it was noticed that thanks to the mixture that got into the waters of the Tiber, the laundry was washed much faster and more efficiently. So, from then on, the Romans began to use soap. In ancient times, soap was made from goat, lamb or bovine fat with an admixture of beech ash. It came in three varieties: hard, soft and liquid.

White soap.

White soap became known in the 13th century. During this period, the production of detergents was mainly carried out in France. Then England took up the case. The most famous in Europe was the so-called Castilian soap. The peculiarity of this soap is that it matures for a long time. Despite the fact that after 4-6 weeks it is quite possible for them to wash, properties such as softness, delicate creamy foam, pleasant tactile sensations appear in soap only after 6-9 months of aging. Some sources say that a plant called hodgepodge (from Latin - Salsola) gave special properties to this soap. The fact is that the ash of this plant contains more calcium carbonate than the ash of other plants. This ash was called barilla. By mixing olive oil and barilla lye, the famous white soap was obtained.

But in Russia...

In Russia, soap making appeared only in the 15th century, coming from Byzantium. Whole villages were engaged in soap making. They chopped down trees, burned them in cauldrons right there in the forest, and boiled the ashes, made lye, evaporated it, getting potash. In 1659, the "potash business", as a profitable one, was transferred to the royal treasury. Gradually, the soap making process improved. A factory method for producing soda ash and caustic soda was opened, which significantly reduced the cost of soap production. Industrial soap making was established under Peter 1, but until the middle of the 19th century. soap was used only by the nobility - for ordinary people it was an expensive pleasure. The peasants washed and washed themselves with lye - a mixture obtained from wood ash, poured with boiling water and steamed in a furnace. The main center of soap-making was the city of Shuya; a bar of soap is still depicted on its coat of arms. They were widely known since the 19th century. St. Petersburg Nevsky Plant, which received medals at the Paris exhibitions; Moscow factories - Alphonse Rale, Heinrich Brocard.

Soap making recipes:

Recipe 1

• 100 gr soap base
• 0.5 tsp honey
• 0.5 tsp olive oil
• 4 drops of essential oil

Cut the base into cubes, with all the other ingredients put in a water bath, melt to 70 degrees, you cannot bring to a boil.

Add honey and butter.

We remove from fire

Add 3-4 drops of essential oil, pour into a mold,

Cool down

We remove from the mold.

Recipe 2

• 100 gr baby soap
• 50 ml milk
• 30 ml olive oil
• 1 teaspoon red clay (or other)
• 1 tsp ground oatmeal
• 3-4 drops of tea tree essential oil

Rub the soap on a coarse grater, add milk, butter, clay. We put in a water bath, melt without bringing to a boil. Add the oatmeal and remove from heat. Add 3-4 drops of essential oil, pour into a mold. Cool it down. We remove from the mold.

Soap manufacturing flow chart

The product will be manufactured in compliance with safety precautions:

When working with an electric cooker:

1.Check before switching on:

Serviceability of the cord.

The open spiral should not protrude above the ceramic surface.

2. The tiles should be installed on a fire-resistant base.

3. Do not allow the tiles to turn on by pulling the cord.

When working with a knife:

1. Store in a specific place.

2. Do not use a rusty knife.

3. Pass the handle forward.

4. Place the tip away from the worker.

Economic calculation

Total: 10 rubles.

Output: Comparing the price of similar products on sale, I save 120 rubles.

Environmental examination of the materials used.

Output : All ingredients are suitable for making soap, environmentally friendly, do not harm human health.

Appendix 3. Making souvenirs from various materials.

Ball of threads, coffee tree, quilling.

History.

Scientists agree that the thread was invented precisely when people began to communicate with each other, learned to coexist together and began to organize separate tribes. An important mission of threads, which they still faithfully carry out, is to connect the parts of a whole so that we can look beautiful and feel comfortable. According to various estimates, this happened long before the Neolithic. And the first outfit was created from leaves held together with the prototype of modern threads.

The first mentions of coffee are datedIX century BC. It is customary to call the homeland of coffeeEthiopia ... There are several Ethiopian legends about the origin of coffee. According to one legend, the history of coffee begins with the Yemeni sheikh Abd al-Qadir. During the research work, the sheikh identified new drugs. Once the fruits of the coffee tree came into his field of vision, which was the beginning of the history of coffee. At the beginningXVIII century the Emperor made a great contribution to the spread of coffee in RussiaPeter I ... Addicted to this drink inHolland , he introduced it into the custom on hisassemblies ... The story tells howPeter I while in Holland often visited and even lived for some time with the Amsterdam mayorNikolaas Witsen, a well-known entrepreneur and coffee merchant at the time. By order of Peter I, coffee was treated even at the entrance tocabinet of curiosities.

Quilling, also known as paper filigree or paper twisting, is the art of making flat or three-dimensional compositions from long, narrow strips of paper twisted into spirals. Though

the origin of quilling is not recorded, some believe that this art form appeared immediately after the invention of paper in China in 105 AD. Other sources believe that this art form existed in ancient Egypt. Quilling was never fun for working-class women. It flourished among the ladies of the upper strata of society, where it was used to decorate screens, caskets, frames, tea pots, wine stands, baskets and boxes for storing sewing materials and accessories. Only people with money could afford to buy quilling materials. Foil, mica, or nacre of seashells were often used as backgrounds. And only the ladies from the upper strata of society had the time to practice quilling, not needing work, but only filling their time while waiting for suitable suitors. The art of quilling is now back in vogue with many quilling unions and clubs, and the rise in popularity of scapbooking contributes to this as scapbookers use quilling techniques to decorate their albums.

Technological map of the manufacture of products.

A tree made from coffee beans.

The product will be manufactured in compliance with safety precautions:

When working with a knife:

1. Store in a specific place.

2. Do not use a rusty knife.

3. Pass the handle forward.

4. Place the tip away from the worker.

When working with scissors:

1. Store in a specific place.

When working with glue:

3. If glue gets on your hands, wash them thoroughly with soap and water.

Ball of threads

The product will be manufactured in compliance with safety precautions:

When working with scissors:

1. Store in a specific place.

2. Putting with closed blades with a point in the direction from the worker.

3. Pass rings forward.

When working with glue:

1. Work with glue only in a well-ventilated area.

2. Do not work near open flames.

4. After work, remove the glue, paint and varnish, making sure that their packaging is tightly closed.

When working with a needle:

1. Store in a specific place.

3. Do not stick into clothing.

Making an Easter egg

The product will be manufactured in compliance with safety precautions:

When working with scissors:

1. Store in a specific place.

2. Putting with closed blades with a point in the direction from the worker.

3. Pass rings forward.

When working with glue:

1. Work with glue only in a well-ventilated area. Ventilate the room before and after work.

2. Do not work near open flames.

3. Work on a table covered with cellophane oilcloth.

4. After work, remove the glue, paint and varnish, making sure that their packaging is tightly closed.

5. If you get glue on your hands, wash them thoroughly with soap and water.

When working with a needle:

1. Store in a specific place.

2. Do not take by mouth during work.

3. Do not stick into clothing.

4. Do not use a rusty needle.

5. Before and after work, count the number of needles and pins.

Economic calculation of the cost of products.

A coffee tree

Total: 35.5 rubles.

Ball of threads

Total: 25.5 rubles.

Easter egg

Total: 75.5 rubles.

Advertising in newspapers and magazines has become widespread and is second only to television advertising in terms of costs. Advertising in newspapers is cheaper than television advertising. At the same time, the quality of reproduction of advertising originals in newspapers is usually low. Advertising in the press dictates the following special approaches:

1) The title should attract the consumer, give him new information and the name of the product.

2) You should not be afraid of a large number of words, because if they are all relevant, a long headline works even better than a short one.

3) It is better to do without negative revolutions.

4) It is necessary to use simple but positive words for everyone.

5) Intrigue is very valuable in illustrations.

6) Photos work better than drawing, especially when they compare the condition before and after the appearance, use of the product.

7) A simple layout with one large illustration in a magazine page format is ideal for a press ad.

8) The text should be easy to understand, present the facts.

10) Do not print text in light letters on a dark background - it is difficult to read.

Radio advertising is efficient and has a low cost. At the same time, vision, through which a person receives 90% of the information, does not participate in the process of perceiving advertising messages broadcast on the radio. In addition, radio advertising makes it difficult to establish two-way communications with the consumer.

1) Make sure your ad engages the listeners' imaginations.

4) It is necessary to set a goal to immediately interest the listener, otherwise he may switch to another program.

5) It is very effective to introduce advertisements of famous people into the radio

7) Advertisements must be appropriate for the context of the transmission in which they are included.

I am opening a new store, I urgently need to arrange a showcase, I don’t know who to contact ...

Television ads include images, sound, movement, color and therefore have a significantly greater ad impact than ads in other media. A potential consumer's attention should be focused on the screen, but ineffective for industrial products.

To achieve the effect, you need the following:

1. The main thing is interesting visualization.
2. The visualization should be clear and clear.
3. It is necessary to attract the viewer's attention in the first five seconds, otherwise the interest will disappear.
4. It is better to build a TV advertisement so that it does not make you think, but helps you immediately perceive its essence.
5. It is better to build a plot not around an inanimate object, but around a person.
6. No need for verbosity - every word should work.

Outdoor advertising. It is usually placed along busy highways and in crowded places and reminds consumers of companies or products that they already know or indicate to a potential buyer. Outdoor advertising is usually brief and cannot fully inform about the company or product. The main type of outdoor advertising is a large-sized poster.

Business card

• The best souvenirs!
• Interior decoration!
• Help in finding a job!
• We hold master classes!

We are waiting for you at the address: Pervomayskaya 60 from 9.00 to 18.00

Bibliography:

1. 1.GV Savitskaya Analysis of financial and economic activities. –M .: Finance and Statistics, 1998
2. Sergeev I.V. Enterprise economics, study guide. –M. : Finance and Statistics, 1998
3. Advertising Principles and Rules 5 International Edition William Wales Peter 2003
4. Leontiev A. Technology of entrepreneurship. Textbook for 9th grade. - M .: Bustard 2000
5. urokilepki.ru
6. alimero.ru/handmade
7. fashiony.ru
8. stranamasterov.ru
9. coldporcelaintutorials.blogspot.com

Social entrepreneurshipis one of the types of business activities, the main goals of which are to help people and work with their problems. This type of business differs from pure charitable activities in the ability of projects to pay off and generate profit.

Small businesses and socially oriented organizations can be active in various directions, working in the framework of socially useful projects in the field of health care, agriculture, provision of services, education, etc. Today it is impossible to give an unambiguous definition of social entrepreneurship, because it is a multifaceted phenomenon that relates to many areas of human life. The shortest and most capacious may sound like this: "Making a profit from helping other people."

The main meaning of social entrepreneurship is that a businessman is an independent, self-sufficient entity who has the opportunity to carry out charitable activities, relying on his own capital.

There are several features that characterize social entrepreneurship.

• focus on people's problems;
• the availability of new solutions (since the usual traditional ways of resolving problems become ineffective);
• replicability (the ability to share experience with other organizations around the country and the world);
• self-sufficiency (independence from sponsor support);
• the possibility of making a profit (it is necessary to support and stimulate the development of the project so that it generates income and satisfies the needs of its owner).

The main feature of social entrepreneurship organizations is that they contribute to changes in society and are characterized by three components:

1. Identifying injustice, expressed in the marginalization or suffering of certain groups of citizens who are in dire need of material resources or political support to achieve a prosperous existence through transformation.
2. Finding opportunities to achieve well-being for any group in a society suffering from injustice - with the help of inspiration, creative approach to the problem, active decisive action and the courage of an entrepreneur.
3. A gradual process leading to the establishment of justice, which becomes a factor that alleviates the suffering of some people by "creating a stable ecosystem in a new equilibrium." This contributes to the achievement of a prosperous existence in the future of this composition of citizens, as well as society as a whole.

Very often, solving problems with social entrepreneurship yields more effective results than those achieved by charities, non-profit organizations or the state using their standard algorithms.

You can list the main advantages of commercial socially-oriented enterprises in comparison with government agencies:

1. A high degree of involvement in the process of the entrepreneur and his motivation to achieve success from the activities of the organization.
2. Government structures have the opportunity to delegate some powers to socially oriented business, thereby reducing their administrative costs and the time allocated for the implementation of programs: from development to implementation of a real-life project that is able to provide assistance to a certain group of people in need of support.
3. Social entrepreneurship organizations take on the role of balancing citizens with different levels of social well-being. Thanks to the activities of entrepreneurs and their socially oriented organizations, the state is able to monitor the effectiveness of balance regulation within the framework of state control and at the same time transfer the search for new solutions to the problems of modern society to the level of socially oriented business.
4. The high level of competition among organizations of this type encourages the most active companies to focus on their specific goals and try to achieve them most effectively.

The main types of social entrepreneurship

The main types and areas of activity of social entrepreneurship:

1. Using a zero-waste production method (recycling), positively impacting environmental conditions (for example, the Indian plastic waste recycling company Concerve).
2. Reducing the criminal component in society (for example, the French youth sports organization Emergence).
3. Help and support for those who find themselves in difficult living conditions (for example, the French enterprises Jardins de Cocagne in the agricultural sector to find employment for the long-term unemployed).
4. Providing services for low-income citizens (for example, the American organization American Family).
5. Mini-loans to small businesses (eg Kiva.org, a global internet platform that is not part of the Ashoka foundation).

Platform

This model assumes that the owner of a socially oriented business organizes a platform for the exchange of information and becomes an intermediary between small producers and consumers. For example, the Nizhegorodskaya Gallery of Crafts allows craftsmen to regularly participate in exhibitions and fairs where they can sell their products. Such a model is very convenient for a small manufacturer who has difficulties in finding buyers on their own.

Market access

This model is implemented in practice by the company "Artistic Trades" - it purchases products from small manufacturers in order to sell them on their trading floors.

Employment

This model assumes concern for vulnerable groups of the population: for example, training and employment of people with disabilities. A good example is the Berezen Rehabilitation Center for Disabled People (Tula).

Access to a product or service

In this case, social entrepreneurship takes on the role of bridging market deficiencies or gaps and offering consumers access to a specific group of goods or services if customers are willing to pay for it. An example of such a model is the book bus "Bumper", which delivers books to the end consumer anywhere in the city at the lowest prices.

Charity

This model implies a free purchase of a service or product. Besides the seller and the buyer, there is a third party that finances the project. For example, the organization "Perspective-NN", which provides classes for parents with children with serious vision problems. Services are provided free of charge or for a purely symbolic fee. This organization is financed by the regional budget and is included in the list of organizations that provide social services.

4 profitable business ideas for social entrepreneurship

Profit is no longer the only driving force. According to Richard Branson, a new type of business has appeared, which he proposes to call “capitalism 24,902” (this is how many miles is the length of the equator). The point is simple: every businessman is responsible for both people and the planet.

The editors of the General Director magazine cited several examples of companies of the new era.

What are the stages of the process of social entrepreneurship

In the structure of the process of social entrepreneurship, when examined in detail, five main stages can be distinguished:

1. Search for opportunities (to solve problems and meet the needs of those in need).
2. Development of a development concept (identification of benefits, creation of new products, market identification).
3. Acquisition of resources that are needed: finance, specialists, knowledge, experience, skills, competencies.
4. Start-up and improvement of the enterprise (definition of results, growth and increase of the organization).
5. Achieving the goal (merging with other companies, expanding the company, formulating new tasks, solving them and closing the organization).

For any organization working in the field of social entrepreneurship, it is important to understand two main factors according to which the structuring of its activities takes place: firstly, it is the solution of problems that are urgent for society, and secondly, the receipt of monetary income. The essence of entrepreneurship in the social sphere lies in the balance of these two factors. With competent and successful development, such organizations contribute to the strengthening of public relations and their gradual and sustainable development.

• Social Media Image: How to Protect Your Business Reputation

Social entrepreneurship project ideas

There is no shortage of ideas for social entrepreneurship these days. On the contrary, lately there have been many creative and non-standard proposals. There are wonderful opportunities for creativity and daring experimentation in this area. The most important thing is not to forget about the main goal of this activity - to help people in need. Below we offer an overview of ideas already implemented in practice.

Idea 1. Eco-packaging. The well-known plastic bag decomposes over a very long time: it takes about two hundred years. Every day we throw in the trash a huge number of bags in which we buy sour milk products, juices, frozen vegetables, sausages. Huge mountains made of plastic bags will soon become a terrible "decoration" of our planet, if we do not think and stop such thoughtless behavior. This is exactly what the creators of ecological packaging want to prevent - they use completely different materials for storing goods: paper and cardboard, which completely decompose in two years, which is a huge advantage over polyethylene. Unfortunately, no eco-friendly alternative to plastic bottles has yet been found. However, even the fact that eco-friendly paper and cardboard packaging can be found on the market today is already a huge achievement.

Idea 2. Recycling of plastic.Modern people use a huge number of plastic products: bags, bottles, cans, films, boxes, etc. The negative aspects of such packaging are not only environmental degradation, but also waste of resources. Tons of bottles are sent to landfills every day, but just as much new material is used by factories to make new ones. It is important to stop and start reusing plastic waste: modern technologies allow us to produce packaging, brush nap, building materials and much more from old plastic.

Idea 3. Rural tourism. Nowadays, it has become a fashionable pastime among residents of large cities. New generations born and raised in urban settings may never have seen a live cow or know how potatoes grow. For such people, a trip to the countryside becomes a real adventure. They are ready to pay for such entertainment: milk a cow, collect eggs, help grandmother in the garden. The mental state of an average metropolitan resident leaves much to be desired, therefore, clean fresh air, physical labor heal people, restore a depleted emotional balance, and for villages and villages such ecotourism is an excellent opportunity for development.

Idea 4. Educational computer games. Children are big fans of various games on modern gadgets, and their creation is a profitable business. However, you can combine business with pleasure: create educational and educational games. So, for example, in the format of computer "development", you can learn foreign languages \u200b\u200bor master business skills, for example, touch typing with a ten-finger method of writing. With the help of special applications, you can study school subjects. In addition, there are many great opportunities for social role-playing games in order to acquire skills for harmonious interaction with the outside world and other people.

Idea 5. Child development center or private kindergarten.This type of social entrepreneurship is of great benefit to families where both parents work and they have no one to leave their child with (it is not easy to get into a municipal kindergarten today) or there is not enough time for the qualitative development of his creative abilities. In this case, private kindergartens or developmental centers come to the rescue - as a rule, there are small groups in them, which allows maintaining the high quality of the services provided and providing an individual approach to each child. The advantages of such organizations are also in the fact that they are modernly equipped and offer effective development programs. The disadvantage for some families may be high fees for services of this quality.

Idea 6. Club dedicated to a healthy lifestyle.Today it is very fashionable to be slim, well-groomed, monitor your diet, play sports, and actively spend your free time. On the one hand, these are the requirements of the time, on the other, many dream of being like that. However, doing all this alone is not particularly interesting, and if there is a community of like-minded people, it will help to stay in good shape and motivate for further work on oneself. For a certain fee, people can get a company of their interests, and high-quality service, and the opportunity to spend their leisure time in an organized and healthy way.

Idea 7. Crowdfunding or collective financing of projects.A modern form of creating your own business with voluntary contributions from those who are interested in this or simply support the idea. The amount of the contribution is not limited, everything happens strictly according to the possibilities and desires of the one who wants to financially support this or that idea. Detailed information on such programs can be found on the Internet. Many successful startups started out like this. As a rule, projects of this kind are born in the field of culture, journalism, art and cinema.

Idea 8. Providing support (training, retraining and employment) for people who find themselves in difficult living conditions. There are many such citizens in society today. These are former prisoners, and single mothers, and individuals who have been subjected to violence, as well as those who are undergoing rehabilitation after treatment for drug and alcohol addiction, people with disabilities. All these categories of citizens experience difficulties in finding a job. Within the framework of social entrepreneurship, you can open an agency that will purposefully work with such people, help them with training, with the development of simple professions that can help them get back on their feet, gain financial independence, and feel like full-fledged members of society. What is the advantage here for an entrepreneur? The fact is that, as a rule, people who have experienced difficulties in life and have received a new chance highly value their new-found well-being and take their responsibilities very responsibly, without excessive demands on employers.

Idea 9. Dating club for single people.Activities in this area will always be relevant in any society: it is much more difficult for lonely people of the age to get acquainted on their own and find a partner for life. The forms of such social entrepreneurship can be very different: a marriage agency, hobby clubs, dance evenings "for those who are over ...".

• How corporate social responsibility helps grow your business

How to evaluate the results of socially-oriented entrepreneurship

In the field of social entrepreneurship, it is necessary to evaluate the results. There are many ways to do this, here are some of the most common:

Valuation of social outcomes

Estimates of this kind are encouraged by investors or donors, since calculating the costs that society has to go to to cope with crime, poverty, addiction to drugs and other types of problems of modern society, can make their economic contribution to solving these problems more visible and tangible. ... Examples for such results might be as follows:

1. Increase in income (decrease in expenses) of those to whom assistance was directed in the form of providing services from a socially oriented enterprise. This factor is measured after the provision of assistance, or over a certain period of time.
2. Changes in the level of costs and profits of other people as a result of changes in the financial situation of participants in socially oriented programs.
3. Reducing public spending by reducing the needs of certain categories of citizens in receiving support from the state through the provision of assistance from social enterprises.
4. Falling demand for specialized services;
5. An increase in social profits due to the fact that the number of employed citizens who have received support from social enterprises increases, as a result of which their personal well-being increases.

There are two approaches to measuring cost estimates:

1. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). It is used in cases where the results of social activities, for some reason, cannot be expressed in monetary terms or are reflected in other units of measurement (for example, “the number of years saved”, “all who are high school graduates”). If results are presented in different units of measure and it is impossible to combine them and determine the overall effectiveness, it becomes necessary to apply cost-effectiveness analysis.
2. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a method that allows you to identify the relationship between costs and various results of social activities. Through this analysis, you can see the net benefits for both the whole society and for individual stakeholders. The benefits of this method are that it helps make better decisions about social outcomes, prioritize and plan for funding. The disadvantage of such an analysis is the inability to provide an extensive assessment of the whole variety of social costs and benefits.

The main difference between different approaches to assessing the results of socially oriented activities is to determine what a social result is, how exactly costs are calculated and how both of these concepts are expressed in monetary terms or in natural units.

The main disadvantage in the process of applying these indicators is the need for serious expenses for implementation: time, money, intellectual, etc. This aspect does not allow the widespread use of these methods in the field of social entrepreneurship.

Flexible assessment methods

Social entrepreneurship needs more pragmatic and flexible methods in terms of goals and measurement of results. Methods are needed that do not require investment of financial and time resources.

For example, the international association Acumen has developed a special system of Lean Data methods in order to measure the degree of efficiency of enterprises in the field of social entrepreneurship.

It helps to make the process of collecting information about the company's customers (beneficiaries) easier, as well as to optimize the analysis of the collected information and the use of its results in decision-making:

1. Cooperation. The Lean Appraisal system examines what changes the leaders of social enterprises would like to see, after which a general work is carried out to collect information that should help to find answers to the main questions.
2. Attention to the client (beneficiary). Lean Data examines the opinions and wishes of social enterprise clients so that organizations can carry out their activities in more efficient and targeted production of products and services in accordance with the needs of the beneficiaries.
3. Benefit from the collected information. Lean Data does not create reports for investment companies, but is determined to help social enterprises get the most complete information from clients and thus facilitate more effective decisions.
4. Profitability. Lean Data uses modern information technologies in its work, which allows it to receive information from clients quickly, while spending minimal time and financial resources to carry out its research.

Uniform management standard for socially oriented activities

Some experts and practitioners believe that the creation of a universal method for measuring the results from social activities is impossible due to the fact that the problems of society are very diverse, as well as the activities of socially oriented enterprises. The optimal solution in this case would be the creation of uniform recommended indicators that are universal for most socially oriented organizations.

It is these considerations that have led the European Commission to create a standard for measuring social performance, which is used as a guide by many organizations and their funding agencies. This standard is based on the guidelines “Social Impact: Measurement and Governance” developed by the European Venture Philanthropy Association.

The unity of the standard is achieved due to the fact that the management stages are universal in nature:

• definition of tasks;
• analysis of stakeholders (involved parties);
• evaluation of results;
• control and measurement of exposure;
• monitoring and reporting.

These stages should be performed strictly in the sequence as indicated, periodically updating them in connection with the acquired experience and new information.

Support for social entrepreneurship by foundations, consulting companies, large businesses

For several years now, the Russian authorities have shown a steady interest in the field of socio-economic entrepreneurship. This can be seen at both the federal and regional levels. More than once, the state has indicated a tendency to support "representatives of small business" who are engaged in socially responsible activities and contribute to solving the problems of modern society.

Our Future Foundation became the first representative of the social entrepreneurship sphere in Russia. Over the five years of its existence, this fund has supported 59 socially oriented enterprises. The total amount of allocated funds for these purposes amounted to more than 130.5 million rubles.

The Foundation has established a competition, the winners of which are provided with financial and advisory support. In addition, interest-free loans are issued for a long period of time, legal and at a minimal cost, small office premises are offered for rent, etc.

Along with holding the All-Russian competition "Our Future", the fund established the Impulse of Kindness award, which is aimed at financially and morally supporting promising projects. In 2012, during the competitive selection for the award of this prize, a large number of applications for participation were submitted from entrepreneurs from 54 regions of Russia.

In the modern business world, you need to be able to create business models, manage projects, manage finances, and develop business plans. This has to be learned and this kind of training has to be made available to the public. For example, Citibank offers grants for such training for social entrepreneurs with the support of the Graduate School of Management in St. Petersburg. The Our Future Foundation acts as the organizer of the training course at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov.

It is very important if a social entrepreneur has the opportunity to receive organizational and consulting support. An entrepreneur is always required to be able to understand accounting issues and the legal foundations of a business. In business activities, situations often arise that require the participation or assessment of various specialists, which in turn requires a lot of costs. It would be very important for social entrepreneurship to create certain centers that would provide such services at minimal prices.

Also, a huge support for social entrepreneurs would be the creation of specialized consulting centers that could lease office space, provide legal advice, and help with organizational issues. The potential for cooperation between the state and big business to support and develop social entrepreneurship is very great. Both sides of this process should be truly interested in the development and strengthening of such interaction.

Already today, there are many large companies and consulting organizations that support social entrepreneurs in different directions: financially, with the help of legal advice at reduced prices, or free of charge, as part of their current charitable projects. Some representatives of big business have included this type of entrepreneurship in the list of priority areas for the implementation of socially significant programs and charitable initiatives in the territories of their presence.

Such a company is RusAL - with its support, programs for the development of single-industry towns are being implemented, including projects to help social entrepreneurs. For several years now, with the support of local authorities, Severstal has been running a project called the Urban Development Agency, which is aimed at supporting individual and, more recently, social entrepreneurs. SUEK, with the support of the Suek-Regions corporate fund, is also running a similar program.

Thus, representatives of big business contribute to the development of initiatives important for society, support the development of territories. In addition to these important goals, large companies may have a number of other interests in helping small businesses and social entrepreneurship.

In order to optimize production, many large companies are dumping non-core assets, which are most often associated with providing social services to their employees and their relatives. However, the need for them does not disappear anywhere. Therefore, companies often buy the necessary services from organizations created on the basis of the withdrawn assets. Such enterprises may well become independent representatives of social entrepreneurship.

The state is largely responsible for the success of the development of the socially oriented services sector and the active support of various initiatives in the field of small business, therefore it is extremely important what position it takes, whether it is ready to effectively cooperate and interact with business representatives.

There is the Federal Law on Social Entrepreneurship of 05.04.2010 No. 40-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Issue of Supporting Socially Oriented Non-Profit Organizations." According to this Federal Law, in Russia at present exclusively non-profit organizations are referred to as "social entrepreneurship".

State programs to assist socially oriented NGOs (according to the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation):

• provide monetary, consulting, informational, educational support;
• offer reduced taxes,
• provide office space for rent at a reduced cost.

In Russia, priority types of social entrepreneurship activities for NGOs are identified:

• prevention of orphanhood;
• support for motherhood and childhood;
• adaptation in society of people with disabilities and their families;
• improving the quality of life of older people;
• development of additional education, scientific, technical and artistic creativity, mass sports, activities of children and youth in the field of local history and ecology;
• development of interethnic cooperation.

Law on Social Entrepreneurship in Russia

Due to the insufficient elaboration of the theoretical base for 2016, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not have a separate general legal section dedicated to social entrepreneurship. This means that there is no legal framework that could regulate these issues, facilitate the development of simpler rules for the business registration process and reduce the level of taxes for entrepreneurs.

The only definition of social entrepreneurship can be found in the order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2013 No. 220 (previously - No. 223) "On the organization of the competitive selection of subjects of the Russian Federation, whose budgets in 2013 are provided with subsidies from the federal budget for state support of small and medium-sized businesses by subjects RF ". This definition is intended exclusively for recipients of support on the line indicated by the ministry.

In order to lower the tax rate, many social entrepreneurs in Russia use various forms of NPOs, and individual businessmen are registered as representatives of small and medium-sized businesses.

In 2013, the Federation Council Committee on Social Policy initiated amendments to the second reading of the draft law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services to the Population in the Russian Federation”, which would allow introducing the concepts of “social entrepreneur” and “social entrepreneurship” into federal legislation. But these amendments were rejected.

On October 16, 2014, a new initiative was launched: a group of deputies from the upper and lower chambers of the Federal Assembly submitted to the State Duma a bill on social entrepreneurship and forms of its support. To date, it has not been adopted.

In August 2016, the Ministry of Economic Development proposed to amend the current legislation in order to consolidate the term "social entrepreneurship" in it. To date, the draft federal law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation (in Part of Consolidating the Concept of" Social Entrepreneurship ")" is being discussed on the "Federal Portal of Draft Normative Legal Acts".

In 2017, the Ministry of Economy sent a draft law on social entrepreneurship for approval to such state structures as the FAS, the Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labor. According to this bill, enterprises employing people with disabilities, single parents (with children under 7), representatives of large families, pensioners, graduates of orphanages (under 21), former prisoners should be classified as social entrepreneurship. The total number of such employees must be at least 30% of the total number of employees of the enterprise, and the share of their wages must be at least 25% of the total payroll.

These legislative changes may indicate that in all likelihood in 2017-2018 in Russia the term "social entrepreneurship" will become more stable, clear and will be legislatively enshrined.

• Industrial waste: 9 ideas how to make money from it

Examples of the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia

There are three outstanding socially useful projects that received support from the Our Future Foundation:

Example 1. Project "Armor" (LLC "New rehabilitation technologies" Armor ").

This project consists in the creation and application of special orthopedic systems that help people with spinal cord injuries to move, stand, stand up and sit down without the help of strangers. This system was created and patented by Alexey Nalogin, who himself belongs to those who are called spinal disabilities. Armor is the very first project supported by the Our Future Foundation. The total amount of funds invested was 9.5 million rubles, more than half of which (5.5 million rubles) were provided in the form of an interest-free loan. To date, 50% of the total investment has been returned to the fund. The number of employees in "Dospekh" is 11 people. The production of orthopedic systems was carried out thanks to the support and cooperation of the Medical Center of the Russian State Medical University.

Example 2. Creative workshop "Cheerful felt" (NP "Women's organization of social support" Woman, personality, society ").

The main activity of the "Merry Felt" project is the creation of designer souvenirs-toys and felt decorations. This project operates on the territory of the city of Rybinsk, its social significance is the participation in it of mothers with many children from low-income families who are unable to work in full-time jobs and who need to work from home. The Fund allocated 400 thousand rubles for this project, one fourth of which was issued in the form of an interest-free loan. To date, the project has employed 15 women. The company paid off the loan issued in 2008 ahead of schedule and today is actively cooperating not only with domestic manufacturers and sellers of toys, but also with foreign enterprises.

Example 3. "School of farmers" (individual entrepreneur VV Gorelov).

"School of Farmers" helps graduates of Perm orphanages to get professional education (the project prepares rural entrepreneurs), to learn to be financially independent and socially protected. Participation in this project instills positive values \u200b\u200bin young people, teaches competent interaction with other people. Its activities are aimed at producing self-employed agricultural entrepreneurs who are able to run a profitable business. The Fund allocated about 1 million rubles to support and implement the "School of Farmers" and the money received has already been returned due to the fact that the author of the project, Vyacheslav Gorelov, was able to repay the loan ahead of schedule. Today the project has prospects of becoming a "youth village". In case of its successful development, it will train young farmers on a much larger scale, thereby solving very important problems facing society.

Having studied only a few projects created in the field of social entrepreneurship, which are supported by the Our Future Foundation, important conclusions can be drawn:

1. These initiatives are aimed at solving important problems of society that exist in modern Russia.
2. In order for the project to bring sustainable profits and reach self-sufficiency, initial investments in the form of financial investments and the provision of high-quality organizational support at the stages of preparation and implementation of projects are required.
3. At the same time, an important role is assigned to the creation of a development infrastructure that contributes to the rapid achievement of stable financial performance. This allows projects to become self-sustaining in a short time frame and to use funds for new initiatives.

All entrepreneurs engaged in socially significant activities contribute to the development of business and the expansion of its geographical boundaries. Social entrepreneurship representatives actively share knowledge, experience gained and proven working methods with those who are ready to follow in their footsteps. In this sense, socially oriented enterprises are becoming pivotal points for the development of civil society and its activity.

It is gratifying to note that an increasing number of businessmen and entrepreneurs are imbued with the ideas of philanthropy and become active participants in socially useful activities. Many small companies regularly donate to charitable needs, some of the business representatives offer special prices for low-income categories of citizens, other companies participate in charitable projects and events. It is very cool when good deeds become a trend in society - because in this case, it is simply necessary to follow fashion.

A new type of small business, not aimed only at making a profit - social business. However, this type of business also makes a profit, no matter how paradoxical it sounds. And this profit is not traditional, but is created by solving social problems by helping society in matters of more efficient functioning.

Social business - responsibility

Today, interest in social business in the circles of small entrepreneurs has increased significantly. But most businessmen still believe that this activity is aimed only at those citizens who are forced to use social benefits and cannot afford to purchase high-quality goods and services.

Social business is a niche between philanthropy and entrepreneurship, the goal of which is to maximize profit.

The protracted crisis made adjustments to the understanding of the principles of building a business. Now there are quite a few of those who only yesterday took out a loan and were confident in their abilities, today they began in every possible way to avoid repaying debt to banks.

Credit means trust. In this case, it is a relationship of trust between the bank and the borrower. But the relationship of trust and preliminary agreements on the terms of the debt repayment suddenly turned out to be impracticable. Thus, the entire banking business was under threat.

In such a situation, the interest of banks begins to shift towards those customers for whom, first of all, the ethical principle of doing business is important. It is these clients that become the target audience for lending.

The current situation forces us to develop business projects, which set as their goal not instant financial profit, but responsibility in solving social issues.

Agricultural social business project

In the recent Soviet past, it was the norm when the chairmen of collective farms created conditions for attracting young specialists to work at their enterprises.

For this, houses were built, infrastructure in the countryside was developed. With the collapse of the USSR, this practice became a thing of the past. But today entrepreneurs have already appeared in Russia who purchase agricultural land, special equipment and technologies, and then attract representatives of the unprotected segments of the population to work.

These are children from low-income families, former prisoners, whom most enterprises and organizations do not want to employ.

And socially oriented businessmen create favorable conditions for this category of citizens.

Entrepreneurs in the depressed regions of Russia organize their small business in the same way, where young people are forced to leave in search of earnings and favorable living conditions.

Which social business project to choose

Family business
This type of business helps mothers with many children, mothers raising their own children in employment matters. Often it is simply not possible for such women to find a job in a well-paid job with a tight work schedule.

The advantages of a family social business are that all family members can take an active part in its development.

An example of a business for mothers with many children is a small successful enterprise producing souvenirs and toys from felt. This enterprise employs not only mothers with many children, but also single mothers, and the products are in great demand.

Disabled business
One example of a socially oriented business for people with disabilities is a massage parlor in one of the southern regions of Russia, where blind and visually impaired massage therapists with medical education work. By the way, the Kislovodsk Medical College is engaged in training specialists with impaired vision.

Social tourism
In Russia, a large part of the population cannot afford to go on a tourist trip. Therefore, government agencies are thinking about financing businessmen who are ready to engage in tourism business for retirees, low-income families, students and people with disabilities.

First of all, domestic Russian tourism is considered. This will allow developing the infrastructure of many cities and regions of Russia. Competition in this area is still minimal.

Business for the good of society
There is practically no infrastructure in most Russian cities and regions. This is a great niche opportunity. There are already lucrative projects for landscaping, waste recycling, organization of economy-class laundries, youth leisure, and the creation of cafes with entertainment centers.

How to start a social business

Social entrepreneurship emerged in Europe and the United States about 30 years ago. In the UK, more than 70% of entrepreneurs consider their business to be socially oriented.

In this European country, this type of business is 2% of GDP.

Many social business projects also exist and are successfully developing in Russia today.

Social business makes it possible to make a profit and not stop activities after the money runs out, as is the case in charitable organizations. Social entrepreneurship allows a person to independently solve their problems and not rely on the expectation that someone will give all the benefits for free.

In order to start a social business, entrepreneurs receive a loan that must be repaid. This also distinguishes social entrepreneurship from charity.

On the basis of foreign experience, fairly clear criteria for defining social business have been developed.

a) He must solve a social problem, the importance of which must be justified in order to receive funding.

b) Self-sufficiency. A well-thought-out business plan serves as proof. In order to teach the subtleties of its writing, special services involve professional experts and business trainers. They also give an opinion on the profitability of a social project and its relevance. The result of the business should be the financial sustainability of the project.

c) The social project should be applicable in different regions of Russia.

Social Business Schools

In the context of the global financial crisis and growing unemployment, especially among young people, interest in social business is growing in all countries of the world.

In this regard, a global summit is regularly held in Leksand (Sweden), in which the International Labor Organization takes part. At the summit, social projects are presented and discussed, the purpose of which is to create jobs that contribute to the organization and development of entrepreneurship among young people.

There are many people all over the world who are capable of entrepreneurial activity. However, for various reasons, not all of them have enough knowledge to organize a business. Specially developed programs help them to master the basics of entrepreneurship, which provide training in business theory, accounting, and preparation of tax reporting. But the priority is given to the development of practical skills.

For example, one large energy company, together with a bank, organized training for those wishing to start their own business. Upon completion of the courses, the students submit their business plans to the experts, and the specialists choose the most promising among them and finance them.

Another example is Brazil... There are no state educational institutions where professional chefs would be trained. Training in this profession is only paid and very expensive.

One of the chefs decided to implement his social business project to train young people and housewives in entrepreneurship in the food sector.

After graduating from the school of cooks, young people find jobs in cafes and restaurants, and housewives get the opportunity to take out a loan and organize their own business.

Preference is given to catering or on-site chefs. The project turned out to be not only successful, but also replicated for other countries.

Social business prospects

Social business Is not only a profitable, but also a self-sustaining business. In addition, many successful social businessmen over time begin to provide an opportunity to use the fruits of their work for a certain fee to those who can afford it.

Today, entrepreneurs are beginning to appear in Russia whose goal is not to make a crazy profit, but to focus on the social orientation of their business.

Such businessmen are convinced that the main thing is to enable people to work, earn and live with dignity.

In European countries, it is prestigious to be the owner of social business. Gradually, this trend is beginning to gain momentum in our country.

 

It might be useful to read:

• Confirmation and verification of invoices in egais;
• Continuous renewal discount;
• 0 retail sales report;
• What is the retail sales report document used for?;
• Should I choose running a small company or managing a trade?;
• Egais system for alcohol sale: participants and procedure for connecting Egais for alcohol retail trade;
• Routine and background tasks (creation, configuration, launch) 1s 8;
• Connection to egais Retail egais;