Where to read the newspaper truth of Stalin's times. The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda. The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The VI All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP(b) adopted, on the initiative of V. I. Lenin, a decision to issue a mass working Bolshevik daily newspaper, and on April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of Pravda was published.

Hence the name of the Bolsheviks of that time - "Pravdists". With the help of this newspaper, it was supposed to distract the working reader from the tabloid press and, under the slogan "unity from below", to secure its influence in the Social Democratic organizations.

The working class enthusiastically supported the idea of ​​creating such a newspaper. The influx has begun Money from workers.

The creator of the newspaper was V.I. Lenin. He supervised the work of the publication from abroad. The official publisher of the newspaper until December 1912 was N. G. Poletaev, then A. E. Badaev. The literary department in 1912-1914 was headed by Maxim Gorky. V. M. Molotov worked as the editorial secretary. I. Stalin was the organizer and leader of Pravda in the years 1912-1914 and in 1917, when Pravda played a role in preparing an armed uprising.

The newspaper was repeatedly closed, but continued to be published under other names: in 1913 - Rabochaya Pravda, Severnaya Pravda, Proletarskaya Pravda, Trudovaya Pravda. Before the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914, the newspaper was finally banned. In 1917, the publication of Pravda was resumed. And after the October Revolution in 1917, Pravda received the status of an organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP.

Already at the end of 1912, Vladimir Ilyich wrote about the creation of Pravda as a major event history: "By putting up a daily workers' newspaper, the St. Petersburg workers have accomplished a major - without exaggeration, one can say a historic deed ... The creation of Pravda is an outstanding proof of the consciousness, energy and solidarity of the Russian workers."

Publication date: 06/14/2019

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On April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of the first daily legal workers’ newspaper in Russia was published in St. Petersburg, created on the initiative ofV. I. Lenin- "Truth". The newspaper began to be published by the decision of the 6th All-Russian (Prague) ConferenceRSDLP, held in January 1912 in response to the desire of the workers to have their own daily newspaper.

The actual editor and leader of Pravda was V. I. Lenin. He determined its direction, took care of the selection of the editorial apparatus and the team of authors, developed the structure of the newspaper. The publishers of Pravda and its active employees were the Bolsheviks - deputies of the 4th State Duma: A. E. Badaev, M. K. Muranov, G. I. Petrovsky, F. N. Samoilov, N. R. Shagov.

The purpose of the newspaper was "to illuminate the path of the Russian labor movement with the light of international social democracy, to sow the truth among the workers about the friends and enemies of the working class, to stand guard over the interests of the workers' cause ...".

Pravda was published with funds from the voluntary contributions of the workers, many of whom were its active employees, correspondents and distributors. Thanks to their mass support, the newspaper came out with a large circulation for that time - an average of 40 thousand copies, and in some months - up to 60 thousand copies daily.

In 1912-1914. Pravda published correspondence on the course of the proletarian struggle in various cities of the country, letters on the working and living conditions of workers, and materials on village life. The newspaper wrote about the need to confiscate all landed estates in favor of the peasants, called on all sections of the working people, under the leadership of the working class, to fight against the autocracy, against social and national oppression.

Pravda was subjected to constant police harassment. In two years, the newspaper was closed eight times, but continued to be published under other names: Rabochaya Pravda, Severnaya Pravda, Truth of Labor, etc. eight(21) July 1914 the newspaper was closed, its publication resumed on 5(18) March 1917 The Provisional Government continued the policy of persecuting the newspaper, it was again forced to change its name: Leaf of Pravda, Proletarian, Rabochy, Rabochy Put.

On October 27 (November 9), 1917, the Central Organ of the Bolshevik Party began to appear under its former name. Pravda propagated the strategy and tactics of the Bolshevik Party, carried out a great deal of ideological and educational work, published the most important documents and materials of the Party, the works of Lenin.

With the liquidation of the non-communist press in 1918, Pravda became the main newspaper in the country. The most acute, topical issues of state policy and public life have always been discussed on its pages.

In 1922, in commemoration of the day of the publication of the first issue of the Pravda newspaper X The congress of the RCP(b) adopted a Resolution on the celebration of the 5th May Day of the press.

In 1945 the newspaper was awardedOrder of Leninfor outstanding achievements in the mobilization of the Soviet people for the construction of a socialist society and the defense of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. The 50th and 60th anniversaries of Pravda were marked by the presentation of the second Order of Lenin andOrder of the October Revolution .

In 1975, the newspaper was published with a total one-time circulation of 10.6 million copies, printed simultaneously in 42 cities from pages received via phototelegraph communication channels or from matrices delivered by aircraft, the newspaper was subscribed to in more than 120 foreign countries.

In the early 1990s Pravda suspended and resumed its publications several times.

Since April 1997, the newspaper began to appear as an organ of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which was confirmed by a special resolution of the IV Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

Lit.: Press Day // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M., T. 8. 1972; Daily working newspaper "Pravda".April 22 (May 5), 1912 No.one; The same [Electronic resource]. URL : http:// oldgazette. ru/pravda/05051912/index1. html; Andronov S. A., Tsukasov S. V. Pravda // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M., T. 20. 1975.

"Pravda" - Soviet and Russian newspaper, until 1991 - the main daily print media of the CPSU and the most influential print publication, in fact - main newspaper in the USSR. The first issue of the newspaper called Pravda was published on May 5, 1912. At that time, Pravda was not an official organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), the illegal newspaper Sotsial-Democrat, printed abroad and imported into Russia illegally, was considered as such.

The Sixth All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP(b) adopted, on the initiative of Vladimir Lenin, a decision to issue a mass working-class Bolshevik daily newspaper. Money for its publication was collected from plants and factories among the workers. The Lena massacre hastened the issue of issuing a workers' newspaper.

Even before that, from October 1908 to April 1912, first in Lvov and then in Vienna, the popular Social Democratic newspaper Pravda was published under the editorship of Trotsky, the international department of which was led by Ioffe.

The publication of a second newspaper with the same name caused a sharp controversy, including even an appeal to the German socialists as arbitrators, but this did not lead to anything, and the name "Pravda" was retained by Lenin's newspaper. The circulation of the newspaper was about 40 thousand copies, sometimes reaching 60 thousand.

The newspaper clearly followed the ideological line of the government, for example - after the conclusion of the Molotov-Riebentropp pact, the newspaper not only stopped all criticism of the German government, but the word "fascism" disappeared from its pages, at the same time England, France and the United States were declared "the main arsonists war."

The articles and feuilletons of Pravda were equal to a government decree or a court verdict. The question of what to publish in Pravda and what not was often decided in the Politburo. Many ideological campaigns - the Stakhanov movement, criticism of Zoshchenko and Akhmatova, the struggle against "rootless cosmopolitanism", the virgin epic - began with the publications of Pravda.

The circulation of the newspaper grew and in 1975 reached 10.6 million copies. To a large extent, this was due to the obligatory subscription to party publications for members of the CPSU. The articles, essays and feuilletons published in Pravda were practically orders for the execution and leadership of all party organizations - the whole country.

Obituaries were published in Pravda, from the first page readers learned about the death of Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev and others. Also, the first page of Pravda spoke about the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War, about the flight of Yuri Gagarin and many other important events.

The newspaper was published in two editions, intended for different regions of the USSR, taking into account time zones and delivery time from the nearest printing house. The first issue was delivered to the Kalinin region from Moscow, and the second one was delivered to Moscow and the Moscow region.

The main circulation, issued in Moscow, was produced in the newspaper's own printing house using letterpress printing, but a part of the circulation only for Moscow began to be printed in offset over time, which significantly improved the quality of photographs.

 

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