Cater Komsomol member. Torpedo boat "Komsomolets" - a formidable weapon of Soviet torpedo sailors during the Great Patriotic War. Tactical and technical characteristics of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"

The monument was erected in St. Petersburg on the territory of the Lenexpo exhibition complex (103, Bolshoy Prospekt of Vasilyevsky Island).
You can get to the monument on the city public transport, more than ten routes of which pass in close proximity.
Stop "Middle Avenue (Cash Street)".
There is free parking nearby.

Access is free (even too free), you can touch, climb. There is no security (except for Lenexpo security).

On this day, the "Smelt Festival" was held on the territory of the Lenexpo. The area was filled with exhibitions, shopping arcades, street cafes.
Therefore, there are a lot of people in the frame.

400 meters north of the boat, there is another naval memorial - "Submarine D-2" Narodovolets ".

all photos are clickable up to 3648x2736


02. We found the boat quite by accident when we went to the aforementioned holiday, after visiting the "Narodovolets".



03. There are no signs of the type / project / number / name on the boat itself and its pedestal.
To determine the ship, I re-read several reference books kindly posted on the website of Andrey Pupko's Encyclopedia of Ships.
By the way, in my opinion, the best Russian-language encyclopedia on ship topics.



04. Also, through an iterative search, I was able to presumably determine which boat was installed as this monument.
In several sources, for example http://russian-ships.info/katera/123.htm, this boat is designated as TK-23 of project 123-K.
I didn’t find any other confirmations about the number, but according to the drawings and descriptions of weapons I found in the reference books (type of machine guns, presence of radar, general layout), this is really " torpedo boat Project 123-K".



05. Project 123-K became the development of projects of red torpedo boats of projects 123 "Komsomolets" (the first boat was launched in 1940) and 123-bis (1944).
123-K is a post-war series (1949-55), improved over the previous ones.
Increased speed, changed weapons.



06. A total of 205 boats of this project were built.
This is the last series of MTKA (Small Torpedo Boats) produced in the USSR



07.




08. Several dozen 123-K boats were exported to China, Egypt, Cyprus, North Korea and other countries.
Some were installed as a memory of the war. Exactly the same boat is at the sea station in Novorossiysk.



09. On the pedestal, next to the large inscription "1941-1945 To the heroic sailors of the Baltic torpedo boats", there is
small plaque with brief description heroic episodes and exploits of boat sailors.
(I remind you that the boat itself was released in the 1950s and did not take part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War)



10. Twin heavy machine guns Vladimirov (KPV) in the 2M-5 installation. Belt feed (80 shots in each belt).
Installations 2M-5 were produced at the Tula Machine-Building Plant.
Junior in place of the shooter.



12. The bow of the deck (tank).
Under the large rectangular cover should be the engine compartment with the engine.

Torpedo boat "Komsomolets"

Victorious attacks "Komsomol"

Spring in the Baltic is a turbulent time. It will start to storm, then fog will suddenly fall, so thick that you won’t see anything even two steps away. But bad weather only plays into the hands of the Baltic sailors: it will cover it from the air from the Nazis, and hide it from coastal defense posts.

That night there was also fog over the sea, and a five-point wind blowing from the northwest created a large swell. The boats were moving at their slowest pace. This masked, but required iron restraint and self-control from the crews. They managed to approach the Hel Spit unnoticed, and soon it became clear from the suddenly moderated wave that the boats were in the port water area.

When the fog cleared a little, the enemy ships were unexpectedly close. There were three of them - at the anchorage at Port Hel there was a destroyer (as it was later established - Z-34), a patrol boat converted from a fishing vessel, and the silhouette of the third was barely guessed in the darkness. Now it only remained to wait until the distance to them was literally reduced to “pistol” - then a miss would be excluded for sure.

Without increasing speed, torpedo bombers approached the enemy. Finally, the long-awaited command: "Attack!" And at the same moment, a two-torpedo volley followed from TK-131, commanded by Lieutenant N. Korotkevich. The boat turned south, and behind its stern a thick cloud cover began to swell - having completed the attack, the crew began setting up a smoke screen.

A few agonizing seconds - and a deafening explosion is heard behind the boat: the torpedoes hit the target. Behind him, with a slight delay, the second one rumbles - this discharges the TK-133 devices of Lieutenant Commander V. Solodovnikov.

And immediately the engines - afterburner! Hiding behind the curtains, the participants of the daring raid rushed to the exit from the bay, leaving the seriously damaged destroyer Z-34 and the sinking patrol boat in it.

This fleeting battle with fascist ships was carried out by new Soviet torpedo boats of the Komsomolets type. They entered service in August 1944, as the war rolled further and further west. They were built on voluntary contributions from the Soviet people, and therefore some of them, in addition to numbers, received the names: "Tyumen Worker", "Tyumen Komsomolets", "Tyumen Pioneer".

These were redan boats of a completely new design, significantly different from their counterparts of the G-5 and D-3 types and superior to them in a number of combat qualities. Unlike the old, wooden ones, the new ones had a duralumin hull 18.7 long and 3.4 m wide, divided into five compartments by watertight bulkheads with spacing equal to 20-25 cm; a standard displacement of 20.5 tons and a total displacement of 23 tons. A hollow keel beam ran along the entire length of the hull, which played the role of a keel. Two Packard-type aircraft engines with a capacity of 1200 hp each. With. provided the boat with a speed of up to 48 knots. The motors were located in the hull one after the other so that the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right one - 10. To reduce pitching, side keels were provided on the underwater part of the hull. The maximum seaworthiness of the torpedo bomber was 4 points.

The armament included two machine gun mounts - “sparks” of large-caliber DShKs (on boats of the XIII series of later construction they were replaced with twin 20-mm ShVAK assault rifles), six large depth charges and two torpedo tubes of 450 mm caliber. Torpedoes of the 1938 model had a mass of 950 kg and carried 200 kg of explosive. Smoke equipment - a cylinder with a capacity of 40 liters, designed for a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Combat autonomy was 36 hours. Unlike other boats of domestic construction, the Komsomolets had an armored cabin (from a sheet 7 mm thick). The crew consisted of 7 people.

These torpedo bombers showed their high fighting qualities to the greatest extent in the spring of 1945, when the Red Army units were already completing the defeat of the Nazi troops, advancing towards Berlin with heavy fighting. Soviet from the sea ground troops covered the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and the entire burden of hostilities in the waters of the southern Baltic fell on the shoulders of the crews of submarines, naval aviation and torpedo boats.

Trying to somehow delay their inevitable end and keep ports for the evacuation of retreating troops for as long as possible, the Nazis made feverish attempts to sharply increase the number of search-strike and patrol groups of boats. These urgent measures to some extent aggravated the situation in the Baltic, and then four Komsomol members, which became part of the 3rd division of torpedo boats, were deployed to help the active forces of the KBF.

On the night of April 21, the search for enemy ships in the area of ​​​​the Hel Spit was continued by a detachment of boats, commanded by Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko. But the torpedo bombers ironed the sea in vain - it was not possible to detect the enemy. And then P. Efimenko decided to go into the depths of the Danzig Bay - to the mouth of the Vistula. At that time, the boatmen had only one task: to find and sink enemy ships, which continued to intensively transfer troops across the sea.

Finally, luck: three BDBs were discovered - high-speed landing barges with strong artillery weapons.

A short distance behind them were five patrol boats. Attack? What if this is the vanguard of a large convoy? Perhaps it makes sense to evade the battle ... The tedious hours of waiting flowed. But the intuition and calculation of the lieutenant commander turned out to be correct. As soon as the predawn twilight dispelled the darkness of the night, a caravan appeared from the haze. It consisted of an extremely overloaded transport that was guarding destroyers, patrol boats and torpedo boats. Two BDBs closed the marching order.

Now it was possible to launch torpedoes! Having distributed the goals, the detachment commander gave the order.

The first to rush forward was the TK-135 of Senior Lieutenant A. Aksenov. Both torpedo tubes fired, and a few minutes later a devastating double explosion literally broke the transport in half: the ship, engulfed in fire, sank in front of the sailors. Further, Aksenov's actions were almost automatic - a U-turn, setting up a smoke screen and leaving in afterburner ... However, this time the boatmen were not lucky: when leaving the battle, a shell landed in the engine compartment. The engines immediately stalled, and the "one hundred and thirty-fifth" swayed helplessly on the waves ...

Endless minutes passed. In the cramped, gasoline intoxication of the engine compartment, the engine drivers “patched” lines torn by shrapnel. From time to time here, in the compartment, came the mean bursts of machine-gun fire, and the impatient questions of the commander. Finally, they reported to the wheelhouse: "The damage has been repaired, we can go on one motor."

And then help arrived in time, TK-131 of Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, covering A. Aksenov's Komsomolets with a smoke screen, took the emergency boat in tow. However, a high-speed landing barge of the Nazis, having opened artillery fire, blocked the way for the torpedo bombers. And immediately, our machine-gun installations spoke in response: the BDB caught fire, then an explosion followed, and after a few minutes only fragments of a barge remained on the surface of the water. The way to the native base was free.

These were last days Great Patriotic War, the last victorious attacks of torpedo boats. The war will end, and as a symbol of courage - for descendants as an example, for edification to enemies - the "Komsomol members" fanned with military glory will forever freeze on pedestals.

N. Fedorov


1 - bow mast, 2 - pulpit, 3 - radio antenna, 4 - deck rails, 5 - rack, 6 - removable engine compartment hatch, 7 - engine compartment deflector shield, 8 - torpedo firing sight, 9 - searchlight, 10 - electric siren, 11 - windshield, 12 - mast, 13 - ray, 14 - lantern of fire, 15 - whip radio antenna, 16 - pennant, 17 - lanyard, 18 - coaxial heavy machine gun, 19 - cutting stringer, 20 - torpedo tube, 21 - removable fuel compartment hatch, 22 - wake light, 23 - smoke equipment, 24 - flagpole, 25 - naval ensign, 26 - ring with eight smoke nozzles, 27 - consoles, 28 - rudders with transom rotary system, 29 - propeller screw, 30 - propeller shaft bracket, 31 - propeller shaft (in casing), 32 - ventilation pockets, 33 - side stringer, 34 - side keels, 35 - right engine exhaust, 36 - side air vent, 37 - left engine exhaust engine, 38 - entrance hatch of the ram compartment (forepeak), 39 - entrance hatch of the engine compartment, 40 - commander's hatch, 41 - handrails, 42 - entrance hatch of the fuel compartment, 43 - entrance hatch of the aft compartment (after peak), 44 - rack, 45 - handrail, 46 - smoke buoy, 47 - coaxial machine gun turret , 48 - deckhouse, 49 - radio antenna input, 50 - side light lantern, 51 - steering wheel, 52 - sponson, 53 - deckhouse roof, 54 - deck porthole with fencing, 55 - bollard, 56 - biteng, 57 - flail bar


Modeling Tips

The hull of the Komsomolets boat model is easiest to make from a whole bar of soft wood (linden, aspen or poplar) without cracks and through knots. After drawing the line of the diametrical plane of the DP), the bar is broken into spaces and the outline of the deck is drawn. After processing with a planer, a stem is drawn along the contour of the deck and a transom is cut out of plywood. It is smeared with glue and nailed to the stern.

Gouging the hull, drill a series of holes in the deck. Then, with the help of chisels, wood is selected, leaving the thickness of the sides 5 - 7 mm. After drawing the lines for the location of the frames, the model body is given the required shape according to the templates.

Superstructures are assembled from 1 mm thick plywood, plexiglass, tin or brass.

The simplest propulsion model is a rubber motor. It is better to use a large rubber band with a gearbox or two rubber motors connected in series connected through a gear reducer with a gear ratio of 1: 1.

On a larger boat model (made, for example, on a scale of 1:25), it is better to install an electric motor of the MU-25, MU-30, MU-50 type. Since these engines are high-speed, a gearbox with gears is needed, the engagement module of which is 0.6; 0.7; 08.

The electric motor is mounted on wooden bases (“pillows”) or screwed to a reinforced hull bulkhead. You can attach it directly to the gearbox.

For propeller shafts, bar steel 0 2-4 mm, bicycle and motorcycle spokes are suitable.

Propeller shafts are inserted into stern tubes, at the end of which brass, bronze or fluoroplastic bushings (or a bearing) are pressed in with an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the propeller shaft. To stuff the deadwood with grease, a short tube (30-40 mm long) is soldered with a screw to tighten the grease as it is consumed.

The simplest connection of the engine with the propeller shaft is a spring or a rubber tube. But a more reliable link between the engine and the gearbox, as well as between the gearbox and the propeller shaft, is the Cardan joint.

Coloring: underwater part of the hull - green, side number- white, biteng, bollards, machine guns - black. The surface part of the hull was painted in the Pacific and the Red Banner Baltic Fleet - in a ball color, in the Black Sea - in a light ball color with a blue tint, in the North - a dark ball color with a green tint. Waterline - white.

The final operation is polishing. For this, the most suitable polishing paste for cars or GOI paste. It is applied to a soft rag, a piece of felt or felt and the surface is brought to a shine in a circular motion. Then it is rubbed with polishing water, kerosene or thin oil.

Torpedo boat "Komsomolets":
made in Tyumen

70 years later, the stories about the high-speed torpedo boats of type 123 "Komsomolets" produced in Tyumen, which terrified the enemy, seem like a myth to us Siberians living far from the sea. In addition to a small ship on a bas-relief near the Eternal Flame and a “school” model in the local history museum, most of the townspeople have nothing to show. We found those people in Tyumen who still remember this weapon.

By the beginning of hostilities, the Soviet mosquito fleet had two main types of torpedo boats. The shipyards of Tyumen and Rybinsk continued to launch boats of the G-5 type, and boats of the D-3 type were built by factories in Leningrad and Sosnovka (Vyatsko-Polyansky district of the Kirov region). In terms of their functions, these ships successfully complemented each other. Small G-5s made of aluminum chain mail were boats of coastal action. Seaworthy D-3s with a hull made of wood could operate in remote areas, up to 240 miles (445 km) from the base.

Drawing scheme "Komsomolets"

This 23-ton duralumin ship was in many ways superior to its predecessor, the G-5. Changes in the design led to a good seaworthiness of the new boat - up to 4 points inclusive. In the bottom, along the entire length of the Komsomolets hull, a hollow beam passed, which served as a keel. In addition, on the sides below the waterline there were additional keels that reduced pitching. Number of waterproof compartments
rose to six. For the first time, an armored cabin made of 7-mm sheet steel appeared on Komsomolets.

Finally, the armament of the ship has changed significantly - coaxial machine guns instead of single ones and tubular torpedo tubes on the deck instead of stern chutes. Unlike the G-5, the "Komsomol" could attack the enemy with torpedoes at a very low speed. The first boat of the new project (actually "Komsomolets") was laid down on July 30, 1939, one month before the start of World War II. It was launched on May 16, 1940, and entered service on October 25 of the same year.
In the summer of 1940, when Komsomolets was being tested, they tried to improve its project. The design team of V.M. took up the modification of the ship. Burlakova. First of all, the anti-aircraft armament was strengthened, instead of one DShK machine gun, four were installed. The displacement of the ship at the same time increased by 3 tons, and the speed decreased from 51 knots to 46-48. I also had to reduce the caliber of torpedo tubes. three dozen
boats of this type entered service with the operating fleet in 1948-45.

During the war years, at the facilities of factories evacuated beyond the Urals from Leningrad, Rybinsk, Kherson, Kerch, the Tyumen shipbuilding plant manufactured and handed over 165 torpedo boats to the front.

Gero told about how the boats proved themselves in naval battles in an open letter to the people of Tyumen in 1985 on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Victory. Soviet Union, Chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Veteran Sailors of Torpedo Boats of the Baltic Fleet: "I consider it my duty to express to all Tyumen residents my deep gratitude and appreciation for everything they did during the war years for the Victory. Torpedo boats built by workers, engineers, technicians, employees of the Tyumen Shipbuilding Plant, in incredibly difficult conditions, during the war years, played important role in the defense of Leningrad, on the near and far approaches to it. Glorious heroic sailors on torpedo boats smashed the enemy, sank 119 and damaged 34 ships and transports of Nazi Germany. For heroic deeds, many commanders and sailors of torpedo boats were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and were awarded orders and medals.

Tyumen pensioner Yuri Anatolievich Buynosov was one of those who during the war years built torpedo boats of type 123 bis "Komsomolets" at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant. He came to the plant at the age of 15, became a plaza marker - he drew life-size details of the future boat on his knees: frames, beams. When theoretical drawing was ready, it was sent for approval to Moscow. Type 123 torpedo boat was developed in Leningrad. After studying the drawings, the engineers made changes to the project, so he received the prefix "encore" and was launched at the Tyumen plant in a series.

“When the war began, unfinished type 116 torpedo boats were evacuated from Feodosia to Tyumen on railway platforms,” Yury Anatolyevich Buynosov told Vsluh.ru. “But they were far from perfect. to the enemy, and during the battle, turning sideways, became vulnerable. They were shot like sparrows. Therefore, a new type of torpedo boat was already built in Tyumen. Specialists from Leningrad worked with us. The torpedo boat had much in common with the aircraft: a streamlined bottom, duralumin hull , as power plants two aircraft engines were used. At first they tried to install our engines, but they did not "pull". Therefore, we decided to put American Packard ones.

Special design propellers were also made in Tyumen. The trials of the boat on the Tour exceeded all expectations. According to the memoirs of Yuri Anatolyevich, before leaving the boat, the director of the plant went downstream on the ship and personally made sure that there was no one on the river.

In those years, the main problem for all rivermen was floating logs, they were rafted down the river, some of the logs were lost, - the veteran of the labor front explained. - When wet, they almost completely disappeared under water. When hitting the side, such a log could easily sink the ship, so special "harbors" were built along the river bank to catch driftwood. So, when a torpedo boat passed along the river, all these "harbors" ended up on the shore. After this incident, boats were tested only at sea."

According to Yuri Anatolyevich, the propellers spun in such a way that the boat left behind not just a water trail, but a deep ditch. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine what the wave was like on the shore.

The plant was well guarded, and in the workshop where Yuri Anatolyevich worked, there was additional security. The boats were built in secret from most of the townspeople. There, at the plant, weapons were installed for each combat unit. The boats were taken by the sailors, who were given 10 days of rest after the battle. Torpedo boats were loaded onto platforms and taken out of the factory only at night. On each platform with a boat there was a frame, which was covered with tarpaulin around the entire perimeter.

“It was impossible to understand what was hidden under the tarpaulin box, even being close,” Yury Anatolyevich noted. “These are the parcels we sent to the front.”

Boris Mishatin

– At 50 knots« Komsomolets» walked, in fact, on screws, everything else was in the air, - says the veteran Boris Mishatin. - The boat could pick up such a speed in a minute. Feelings are indescribable! If you open your mouth, it will tear your cheeks. The boat raises spray, plus the wind and it’s as if a fireman is pouring a powerful jet from a fire hose, so we are on boats all the time were in diving suits. Life, of course, was Spartan: minders slept on motors, the radio operator bowed his head to the radio, and we from the top team - the commander, boatswain, torpedo operator, machine gunners - regardless of the weather, and in rain and snow slept right on the deck. On the G-5 they lay down directly on the torpedoes. Vesper had everything: cockpits, a galley and even a refrigerator. However, the torpedo boat was not created for long passages -adid so and left. As we said:« Hello enemy and« be healthy» , eternal rest» .

tramp_> In my opinion, in this case, the underwater part of the hull contours is primary (after all, the ship moves primarily in water, and not in the air), the conversion of the cruiser pr. in terms of the characteristics of the ship (if, for example, the boiler room is not thrown out with a corresponding decrease in speed), the replacement of the carapace deck of the descendant of the G-5 with a more typical flat one for the WWII TKA is more related to the modification of the project in terms of ease of operation of the boat by the crew, maintenance of the TA and equipment, replacement, for example 2 456 mm TA for two 533 mm would lead to a change in load, probably to a change in the CG, a decrease in the metacentric height, but in general the project will be the same.

So I say that an accurate and logical definition of when new ship- modernization, and when is it new project no. Everyone is his own master, especially the higher authorities. What guides them when they determine the degree of modernization, this is a great secret. You can discuss this topic a lot, but you can only get an explanation for yourself personally, an explanation that personally suits my beloved, even those things that are not logically explainable, but voluntaristically explainable (which is what many bosses sin, especially military ones. "I said Lumen means lumen"). Or only the one who made this decision can tell, but he will never tell (by the way, the wonderful turn of speech "to make a decision" is not to decide, not to justify, but to accept - this is voluntarism). There can be many reasons, from the reluctance to show in the government that we already have a very wide range of different projects of the same type of ships, to the desire to receive a bonus for the development of a new ship, which is actually a modernization. Such things are now normal not only for the authorities, but also for the most respectable public. So the threshold to make a decision or decide logically or mathematically has dropped dramatically. This is very visible to the youth. The more illiterate a person is, the higher his self-esteem is, the more he is inclined to "make decisions", although after that, it is desirable not to be responsible for the consequences. Sorry for the digression. I continue on business.
take it wide known history with project 1134 and its modifications 1134A, 1134B. Or with nuclear submarine of the project 667. But project 645 is very consistent with that, but 627, but this is a different project, not a modification. By and large, if you think about it, they put another bowler hat, so it’s already a different project or something. And here and there the turbine turns the steam, but how it is produced is a somewhat secondary question. Tough question, right? By the way, according to OS-33, after testing it was originally planned to be returned to its original state, so in principle, this is an explanation for me.
As for the boat, I wrote, all the explanations are in the article, and it seems to me very logical.

The Soviet torpedo boat "Komsomolets" is a small high-speed military mine-artillery ship designed to deliver torpedo strikes against enemy ships in the coastal sea zone. Due to the design features and high tactical and technical parameters, ships of this type can be used for other purposes: amphibious operations, naval reconnaissance and minefields.

The history of the creation and development of the Komsomolets torpedo boat project

The task to design a new torpedo boat for the Russian Navy in 1939 was received by a group of designers from plant No. 194. Design work led by P.I. Taptygin. The new torpedo boat received a factory index - project 123. The main goal that was set for Soviet designers was to create a more powerful warship that could replace the G-5 torpedo boats that formed the basis of the domestic mosquito fleet.

The lead ship of project 123 was laid down in July 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad Plant No. 194. In October 1940, the ship entered service, and in March 1941 the new torpedo boat was commissioned into the Black Sea Fleet.

Subsequently, work began on improving the project. As a result, a whole family of torpedo boats of projects 123bis, M-123bis and 123K appeared, in different years, produced by Soviet shipyards.

In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 30 units of various modifications were transferred to the fleet by Soviet shipbuilders. In 1946-48, another 88 torpedo boats of various types were manufactured.

Tactical and technical characteristics of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"

  • Displacement - 20.5 tons.
  • Length - 18.7 m, width - 3.44 m, draft - 1.0 m.
  • Two petrol engines with a capacity of 1200 hp
  • Full speed - 48 knots.
  • Cruising range - 240 miles.
  • Armament: two 450 mm torpedo tubes, two twin 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine guns, 6 BM-1 depth charges.
  • Crew - 7 people.

Torpedo boats "Komsomolets" were used in combat operations in the Black Sea and the Baltic in final stage Great Patriotic War. In the post-war period, in the 50s, part of the torpedo boats of this type was transferred to the People's Republic of China. As part of the PLA naval forces, torpedo boats were used during the Vietnamese-Chinese armed conflict in the South China Sea. A small number of Komsomolets boats were handed over to political regimes friendly to the USSR.

Photo of the boat

 

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