The image stabilizer in digital cameras allows compensation. Image stabilization technologies in lenses. Stabilizer and back focus

Optical Image Stabilization is a technology used to mechanically compensate for the camera's own angular movements to prevent blur when shooting at slow shutter speeds. The optical stabilization system built into the lens serves as a kind of replacement for the lens in a certain range of shutter speeds. The gain from using optical stabilization is usually about 3 - 4 exposure stops. Thanks to the optical stabilization mechanism, in some shooting situations, the photographer can increase the shutter speed and calmly shoot handheld.

Optical image stabilization technology appeared in 1994 when canon presented to the mass market new system, called OIS (Optical Image Stabilizer - optical image stabilizer). The scheme of this optical stabilizer consisted of special lenses that corrected the direction of the light flux inside the lens and electromagnetic drives responsible for deflecting these very lenses.

The stabilizing element built into the lens was distinguished by its mobility along the vertical and horizontal axes. On a command from the sensor, it was deflected electrically so that the projection of the image on the photosensitive film (or matrix) fully compensated for the camera vibrations during the exposure. Thanks to this solution, at small amplitudes of camera vibrations, the projection always remains stationary relative to the matrix, which provides the image with the necessary clarity.

The main difficulty in creating such optical stabilization was the precise synchronization of the photographer's hand shake and the amount of deflection of the corrective lenses. However, Canon has successfully tackled this problem. True, there were some drawbacks. In particular, the presence of an additional optical element in the lens construction reduces its aperture ratio.

The principles of operation of the optical stabilization system, laid down in the early 90s, have largely remained unchanged up to the present day. The Japanese company was followed by other leading manufacturers of photographic equipment, which presented their optical image stabilization systems, which received brand names:

Canon - Image Stabilization (IS)

Nikon - Vibration Reduction (VR)

Panasonic - MEGA O.I.S. (Optical Image Stabilizer)

Sony - Super Steady Shot

Sony Cyber-Shot - Optical SteadyShot

Sigma - Optical Stabilization (OS)

Tamron - Vibration Compensation (VC)

Pentax - Shake Reduction (SR)

Despite the different names and descriptions for these systems, they are based on the same approach, but may differ in the degree of effectiveness of camera shake compensation. Let's take a quick look at various options for optical stabilization from well-known manufacturers of photographic equipment.

Canon

Canon, which is somewhat of a pioneer in the field of optical image stabilization, traditionally places great emphasis on implementing this system in its lenses for DSLR and compact cameras. Proprietary lenses with a built-in optical stabilization system are marked with IS (Image Stabilizer). The IS system provides an additional lens group located in the middle of the lens structure. The electromagnetic drive allows one of the lenses of this group to be instantly displaced relative to the optical axis. The vibration of the camera is detected by means of two piezoelectric sensors, often called gyroscopic sensors. One of the sensors detects the horizontal displacement of the camera, while the other, respectively, is responsible for the vertical plane.

The signals from the gyroscopic sensors are processed by a microprocessor, which determines the magnitude and direction of the image shift relative to the optical axis of the lens. Next, the microprocessor drives the electromagnetic drive of the stabilization unit to correct the image position by displacing the movable lens along two axes in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens. As a result, the image can be stabilized, and the degree of blurring of the picture is reduced. Tests show that the IS system can be effective at shutter speeds up to 2-3 stops. If necessary, you can forcibly disable it.

For high-quality macro photography, Canon offers lenses with built-in Hybrid IS. Camera vibration and shake have a significant effect on image quality and clarity when photographing small objects. And the standard OIS is not as effective here. New technology Optical Stabilization Hybrid IS provides for the addition of an additional yaw rate sensor to determine the degree of angle deviation due to the effect of hand shake, as well as a new acceleration sensor, which determines the degree of lens displacement in the linear plane.

It should be noted that the displacement of the camera in the linear plane has a very strong effect on the quality of macro photography. The IS block now includes four sensors, rather than two, to more effectively compensate for the smallest vibrations of the digital camera. The microprocessor analyzes the signals coming from the sensors and, according to a special algorithm, generates control signals for displacing the stabilizer lens by means of an electromagnetic drive. The Hybrid IS system allows you to reduce the effect of both types of "wiggle", that is, both a sharp change in the angle of direction of the lens in a circular plane, and camera movement in a linear plane.

Also, the Japanese company uses the Dynamic IS optical stabilization technology, which migrated to cameras from video shooting. It is used in telephoto and wide-angle lenses when shooting movies. Dynamic Optical IS is designed to provide a more stable picture when shooting video by compensating for low frequency vibrations such as camera shake or handheld shooting.

Nikon

Other manufacturers are implementing similar technology solutions. In particular, Nikon uses the Vibration Reduction (VR) optical stabilization system in its lenses. It also applies here additional group lenses with a movable element, and the magnitude and direction of camera displacement during the exposure of the image are calculated by the microprocessor. It processes data from two gyroscopic sensors at a rate of approximately 1000 readings per second. If necessary, the microprocessor, by means of two electric drives, controls the displacement of the movable lens relative to its central position.

The VR system is automatically activated when the photographer presses the shutter button halfway. When the shutter button is pressed halfway, the Image Stabilizer is less effective and suppresses only small vibrations for comfortable framing in the viewfinder or LCD monitor. At the moment of full pressing of the shutter button, the movable lens is instantly set to the central position, which allows to compensate for camera vibrations as efficiently as possible.

Thus, in the process of exposing the picture, the mode of the most accurate vibration compensation is activated, which provides a clearer picture. Using the VR system allows the exposure time to be increased several times. Various modifications of this optical stabilization mechanism (VR and VR II) are used in a wide range of lenses available for Nikon SLR cameras.

Panasonic

Panasonic uses an optical stabilization system called MEGA O.I.S, which was originally developed by the company's specialists for branded video cameras, but then was adapted for photographic equipment. In particular, for use in digital cameras of the Lumix line with interchangeable lenses. To compensate for the displacement of the image projected through the lens relative to the photosensitive matrix, the optical system is supplemented with a group of lenses with a movable element. Having fixed the vibration of the camera, the built-in gyroscopic sensor sends a signal to the microprocessor to calculate the correction. The microprocessor then moves the stabilizer lens based on the received data so that the light is directed exactly towards the matrix. This entire process takes only a fraction of a second.

Owners of Lumix cameras equipped with the MEGAO.I.S. System can switch the stabilizer operation modes. The first regime provides permanent job optical stabilizer, and the second assumes that the stabilization system is activated only at the moment you press the release button. Naturally, the possibility of completely disabling the stabilization system is supported in cases where this is dictated by the shooting conditions or the desire of the photographer.

Pentax has its own proprietary stabilization system called Shake Reduction (SR). It was first introduced for commercial use in 2006, when the company launched the Optio A10 compact 8-megapixel digital camera. Later Pentax started using this system stabilization not only in their compact but also in DSLR digital cameras.

Shake Reduction technology is based on the shift of the camera sensor. In this case, it is not the movable lens of the stabilizer that moves vertically and horizontally, but the photosensitive matrix of the camera.

Such a stabilization system does not affect the lens aperture or the cost of the optics; there is only one stabilizer located in the camera body and consumes less energy than the focusing systems built into the lens.

), including focus.

But still, why can photos sometimes be blurry? What else needs to be considered in the process of photographing to prevent this from happening?

Stabilizer operation in the camera

Today we will understand the concept of image stabilizer in sLR cameras... So what is it and why is it needed?

The fact is that the lens and the body of the camera itself contain a set of complex internal mechanisms. Among them there are sensitive sensors responsible precisely for the perception of camera movement in different directions and at different speeds. That is, the camera processor initially takes into account the possibility of a certain error in image acquisition.

With the help of a special device counteracting this movement, we see the projected image on the screen clearly, without perceptible blurring.

Of course, at certain points a stabilizer is needed in the camera, without it the photo will be of much worse quality than with it. This applies even to cheap "soap dishes". But built-in stabilization has its limits. Let's take a closer look at everything.

When stabilization is needed:

Shaking hands and unstable position of the photographer.
Strong wind, motion or moving objects.
Long focus lenses. A long focal length can give a significant "shake", which will certainly be reflected in the photo.
Slow shutter speed required for special visual effects in a shot or in low light. As the shutter time increases and eventually the frame is taken, the likelihood that the camera will move increases accordingly.

Image destabilization invariably results in a blurry, unclear picture. These problems can be solved in some cases. So, problem number 1 and partially number 2 can be solved using a tripod when shooting, or you need to take a more stable position with support on both legs.

It is very useful to train yourself not to move, freeze when photographing. Often beginners have difficulties with this, but the camera needs time to take a picture, and in this regard, unnecessary movements are useless.

To avoid camera shake when working with long focal lengths, as an option, you can get closer, if shooting conditions allow, then you do not have to twist the zoom of the device.

If you have a crop, but you need to multiply the number by the value (1.6 for Canon and 1.5 for Nikon). This gives us 1/80 and 1/75 respectively. Thus, it is not recommended to shoot below these limits in order to avoid shaking. Try to follow the rule, although it cannot be an absolute guarantor of getting a sharp frame.

With strong external vibration (shooting while running or in a moving car, in an open space in very windy weather, etc.) even a good stabilizer will hardly save you - just take this into account when shooting.

Stabilization in cameras of different models

Where to find a stabilizer in cameras? The switch is usually located on the side of the lens itself, next to the autofocus. And with him everything is simple - incl. and off.

Sometimes, however, some cameras have active and normal stabilizer modes. The first should be turned on with large fluctuations in technology, and the second during normal quiet shooting. Their differences lie in the frequencies and amplitudes of camera movement that they can suppress.

Regardless of the camera, stabilizers have the same principle - to make a sharp image, to prevent the appearance of blur and blur. The only thing is that its names may be different: for example, in Canon cameras the stabilization button is called Image Stabilization, in Nikon - Vibration Reduction. The abbreviations you'll find on your cameras are IS and VR, respectively.

This is the same with the stabilizer in the lens, but there are other options that have their merits. Manufacturers of some cameras (for example, Olympus, Sony, Nikon, Canon) have made a stabilizer built into the camera matrix itself.

We can say that stabilization in the lens is convenient, but on the other hand ... what if you come across optics without a stabilizer and there won't be one in the sensor itself?

Most likely, with such camera parameters, you will win at its lower price, but you will lose in quality. Thus, the stabilizer in the matrix is \u200b\u200bmore reliable, it allows you to think less about whether or not a particular lens has this function.

For example, this stabilizer in Nikon cameras is called “noise reduction” and is set in the menu.

External stabilizer

What can be an additional tool to stabilize the camera? Of course it is. Here we have a wide variety of choices, it can be either a trine or a monopod. A few words about tripod requirements.

A heavy tripod made of metal rather than plastic will be more expensive and harder to carry due to its weight, but more stable. This is a definite plus for stabilization.
The higher you extend the tripod, the more the possibility of camera shake becomes.
Legs: They should fit well.

Any camera weights are, in fact, do-it-yourself stabilizers. Here, the craftsmen offer many options, but the main thing is good stability on the ground and the immobility of the entire structure, achieved due to its weight.

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That's all for today. See you on my blog again, goodbye and see you soon!

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All the best to you, Timur Mustaev.

Dear friends, hello! We are in touch with you, Timur Mustaev. In my article, I would like to discuss with you a very important part of the camera, without which it is extremely difficult to get a good picture, and sometimes it is simply impossible. I mean Image Stabilizer.

The consequences of the lack of stabilization spoil the picture extremely. They may not be visible to a beginner, but a professional will notice them immediately. To understand everything, first of all, you need to understand what is a “stabilizer” and an optical or digital image stabilizer, which is better to choose.

How do I suppress vibration in my camera?

It is not enough to say that a camera with a stabilizer should be a priority. Take one without hesitation! In the end, this function can be turned off, and it is even recommended to do so, for example, when using a tripod. But you are unlikely to want to part with her.

You start to understand the meaning of stabilization right away when you compare pictures with and without it.
Of course, if it is missing, it is not a sentence, and many cameras do not have it. But this does not mean that the camera is not worth buying because of this.

Stabilizer Is a device inside the camera, the work of which is aimed at combating fluctuations in the shooting process, eliminating possible interference in photography due to camera movement

The blurring of the frame can not always be noticed in the process of photographing, especially when it is small, but if you view every detail on a computer, then most likely something will be indistinct or as if in a fog. These are the consequences of destabilization.

Naturally, the photographer's steadiness is not always ideal. Hands may tremble a little, vibration from the ground or the motorway, it may be windy outside, etc.

And also manipulations with and are convenient only in some cases, but they are not without drawbacks.

Reducing noise, sharpening the frame and much more can give you editing in editors, but are you not sorry to waste your time on these little things? It is best to have a stabilization system built into the device.

The stabilization control can be placed on the side of the lens or in the menu if the stabilizer is digital.

Let's consider in more detail the options for stabilizers in the camera and their features.

Types of stabilizers

Needless to say, a stabilizer in a camera is a must and very useful thing. The question is different: if there is a choice, then give preference to optical or digital? In addition to being associated with different areas of the camera, they have different features work.

So, the optical stabilization system is optics, a set of lenses located in the camera lens. It operates on such a principle that the lenses are shifted in the opposite direction from the one in which the movement of the apparatus itself goes, thereby damping vibrations. Users note its complex structure and relative high cost.

Among the advantages - a clear, already balanced picture, which is displayed both in the viewfinder and on the matrix. That is, first a good picture is created, then it is transmitted to the sensor. Also, autofocus works well for such a picture, therefore, there are fewer focusing errors on the subject.

True, there are also disadvantages. Since the stabilizer is located outside the camera body itself, if this function is not included in the lens, it will be very difficult for you to shoot. You will have to navigate when using a certain type of lens, with VR (Vibration Reduction) for Nikon or IS (Image Stabilizer) for Canon. Fortunately, there are no problems with the choice of optics now.

This category of optical stabilizers also includes the one that is based on matrix shift. Here: the camera is moving - the matrix is \u200b\u200bshifted by a certain distance. The movable platform of the photosensitive device adjusts to the resulting image.

In this version, of course, you don't have to look for stabilized lenses, which is quite convenient. Although in this case the matrix will see the image changed, but the focusing system and the photographer in the viewfinder will not yet.

In addition, it is noted that such a stabilizer does not cope well with its duties, and the effect of it decreases.

What about the digital (electronic) stabilizer?

In fact, manufacturers do not assume the presence of a certain device in the camera at all, which takes up additional space. The whole thing is taken over by a powerful processor, in which the necessary program for suppressing motion vibrations is installed.

A camera with a digital stabilizer can cost less than an optical one, but the quality is poor. To some extent, the digital stabilizer can only be called post-processing of an image by a camera, which spends a decent percentage of its work not on creating an image, but on resisting camera shake.

Stabilization will also work poorly if the camera has a zoom lens.

So, I think we have fully covered the topic of stabilizers, species. And the opinion about which one is better remains with the photographers. Try it yourself, evaluate their capabilities and make a choice. However, do not forget that the stabilizer has specific functions and should not wait any longer.

For example, he will not be able to remove the “shake” of an object if it is moving quickly, or if you yourself are in active movement. This is only about camera position changes.

If you are serious about photography and want to learn all the most important things about photography and a camera, how to get good pictures... I would like to recommend you a video course "" or " My first MIRROR».

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Happy readers! Creative success and always be on the alert - be at the center of new photography information. To do this, visit my blog and subscribe to it. If you liked the article, share it with your friends, let them discover something new for themselves.

All the best to you, Timur Mustaev.

Every novice amateur photographer is dizzy with a wealth of choice, if everything is more or less clear with cameras, then there is no patience or strength left to choose a lens. And most of the happy buyers of the first DSLR leave the choice of lens on the conscience of the store manager (does he have one?). And now they bring you a box from which a frightening black pipe is taken out, sprinkling your hearing with magic spells - "ultrazoom (a topic for a separate investigation)" and "stabilizer" and of course you give up before the onslaught of technical progress. You spent a few days studying the subject, found a store with the best deal for the camera you were interested in, but you were just warmed up for several thousand rubles and you didn't even notice how.

To prevent this from happening, let me introduce you to one of these marketing spells, the Image Stabilizer.

So, we are all people and all people are characterized by movement, we cannot freeze like a stone, the heart will beat, and that means we will move. The camera has problems of a different nature, it always lacks light, and if light cannot be added, then it can be compensated for with time. There are extremely short periods of time in which human movements do not significantly affect the clarity of the camera image. But the darker, the more time the camera needs, and at some point we can no longer move long enough for the camera to receive enough light. This contradiction is intended to solve the optical image stabilizer.

It is generally accepted that the maximum exposure (for handheld shooting, without blurring the image) for each specific focal length is a fraction of a second, equal to this very distance. That is, for a lens with a focal length of 50mm, the maximum shutter speed will be 1/50 s, and for a lens with a focal length of 135mm, the maximum shutter speed will be 1/135 s.

The stabilizer is able to compensate for your own fluctuations and allows you to quite confidently shoot at shutter speeds exceeding the standard allowable values \u200b\u200bfor each focal length. Another question is what exactly we shoot, and we often shoot people who are also characterized by movement. There is only one way to make a person freeze like a stone, we will not say how. It has been experimentally found that the calm movements of a person are compensated for by shutter speeds from 1/100 - 1 / 135s. At longer exposures, it is much more difficult to “freeze” a person, and most of the frames will fly into the basket.

Now let's compare the required shutter speed for different focal lengths and the shutter speed sufficient for shooting a person. It turns out that at focal lengths up to 100mm, we can shoot quite calmly without any stabilizer.

Of course, a stabilizer can come in handy in some cases, for example, in landscape or subject photography, where we are not limited in exposure due to the stillness of the subject. But even here the stabilizer is not a panacea. 2 - 4 shutter speeds are often not enough for an evening landscape or for a subject, a tripod and even a monopod give much more possibilities.

But it would seem, why not buy a lens with a stub, just so that it was? But here another problem arises. For some reason, it so happened that the vast majority of lenses with stabilizer suffer from sharpness, or rather its absence. This is most likely due to the very movable lens unit that compensates for the movement. Physically, it is impossible to set the movable element to its original position every time with the same accuracy as stationary glass. And the minimum displacement of the lenses relative to the optical axis has an extremely negative effect on the final picture.

If that doesn't sound convincing, there are many examples of professional lenses. Let's take a look at the widest and most widely used line of top-end lenses, the Canon EF L:

Lenses without stabilizer:

EF16-35mm f / 2.8L

EF24-70mm f / 2.8L

EF70-200mm f / 2.8L

Lenses with stabilizer of the same L series

EF300mm f / 2.8 L IS

EF300mm f / 4 L IS

EF400mm f / 2.8 L IS

EF500mm f / 4.5 L IS

EF600mm f / 4 L IS

EF800mm f / 5.6 L IS

EF24-105mm f / 4 L IS

EF28-300mm f / 3.5-5.6 L IS

EF70-200mm f / 2.8 L IS

EF70-200mm f / 4 L IS

EF70-300mm f / 4-5.6 L IS

EF100-400mm f / 4.5-5.6 L IS

You can see that even in the ultra-telephoto range, there are quite a few lenses without a stabilizer. And in the wide-angle and portrait ranges, there is no stabilizer at all. Then why is the vast majority of budget, so-called KIT lenses equipped with stabilizers in all focal length ranges? Why do photographers sell an expensive function that is needed only in rare cases, for which it spoils the picture regularly? The answer is simple - marketing is just another reason to make money on an uninformed buyer.

Of course, the stabilizer is not an absolute evil. In some modern lenses, this function is implemented with dignity and does not harm the main optical properties, in the same second version of the EF70-200mm f / 2.8L IS II. However, my advice to you - if you are faced with a choice of two lenses, with the same focal length, in the same price segment, with the only difference - one has a stabilizer, and the other has a luminosity one stop higher, make a choice in favor of aperture ratio.

p.s. The article does not consider such a function of the image stabilizer as stabilization in panning mode (the so-called shooting with wiring), in which the stabilizer compensates only for vertical vibrations, this is a topic for a separate discussion. This stabilizer mode is only available on high-end lenses that adult boys and girls buy, and these people will figure out what to buy without our inventions. We are talking exclusively about a standard stabilizer, which is indiscriminately inserted into all modern kit lenses.

Image stabilization systems are designed to compensate for the shake of our hands and, accordingly, help us get a sharper picture. There are two main types of stabilization: optical stabilization inside the lens and matrix image stabilization... Let's dwell on the first type in more detail and consider all of its ins and outs.

The emergence of stabilization systems inside lenses dates back to the late film era - the 90s of the last century. In those dashing times for our people, the first lenses with a stabilizer on their board appeared. A pioneer in this path was Canon, which released its first IS stabilized lens in 1995 (the IS stabilizer was officially announced a year earlier). Nikon pulled up only 5 years later and announced its proprietary VR vibration reduction system only in 2000.

Why did you decide to place the stabilizer in the lens barrel? There are several logical explanations for this. First and foremost, in the 90s they were still filming with film technology, and technologically it was much easier to introduce technology that would stabilize the light flux even in the lens, i.e. before that, he fell directly on the camera matrix. Agree, it's easier for the system to do its work inside the lens, rather than trying to move a roll of 35 mm film.

The second argument in favor of a stabilizer inside the lens was the high cost of digital cameras and their low popularity. Yes, some time later, living out its last years, Konica-Minolta has introduced the first of its kind matrix image stabilization system. But it has become popular only now - at the time of the total expansion of mirrorless cameras. However, we'll talk about this in the second chapter.

Different manufacturers will label their lenses differently with an Image Stabilizer. But according to the principle of action, they are all similar to each other:

Nikon - VR (Vibration Reduction)
Canon - IS (Image Stabilization)
Sony - OSS (Optical Steady Shot)
Panasonic - MEGA O.I.S. or Power O.I.S. (Optical Image Stabilizer)
Fujifilm - OIS (Optical Image Stabilizer)
Sigma - OS (Optical Stabilization)
Tamron - VC (Vibration Compensation)
Tokina - VCM (Vibration Compensation Module)

Let's take a look at how an onboard stabilizer works using Canon's IS system as an example. To get started, watch this animation:

As you can see, the main role in the image stabilization process is played by a double-concave lens, which is displaced by electromagnets in the opposite direction relative to the trajectory of the lens movement. The level of displacement is determined by angular velocity sensors equipped with gyroscopes and controlled by a high-speed microcontroller (up to 1000 data readings per second). Why exactly 2 sensors, and not 5 or 10? It's simple - the first is responsible for horizontal displacement, the second - for vertical.

This is how this process looks in the video:

As a result, the projection of the image remains motionless relative to the camera matrix and at the output we will get a high-quality picture without blur.

The optical stabilizer will work most effectively at shutter speeds close to 1 / focal length... Do you remember the rule that shutter speed directly depends on focal length? For example, comfortable handheld shooting at 100 mm is possible and necessary at shutter speeds of 1/100 s and shorter. This is without a stabilizer. With his direct participation, you can win up to 4-5 stops and shoot not by 1/100 s, but by 1 / 20-1 / 25 s.

At short (less than 1/500 s) and long (more than 1/4 s) shutter speeds, it is better to turn off the stabilizer - it can only prevent you from taking the desired frame. In the first case, this is due to the fact that the image stabilizer sensor will work to its limits. It is almost impossible to get lubrication at such short shutter speeds.

At slow shutter speeds, the stabilizer is also useless. Better to use a tripod or set the camera to some stationary object. When the camera is mounted on a tripod, the activated gimbal may well be a source of shake. This is due to the fact that he can try to determine phantom displacements and generate a small vibration himself. Of course, this is unlikely to happen, especially with modern systems stabilization, but anything can happen.

Pros of in-lens stabilization:

Optical stabilization inside the lens is considered to be more effective, especially when using telephoto lenses. This is due to the fact that stabilizing the image on a long focal length much more complex - the image sensor has to make more movements than its design and location allows.
Opportunity to win 1 to 5 stops (depending on generation) when shooting in low light conditions.
When using optical stabilization inside the lens, the image is transferred to the viewfinder and AF sensors already stabilized, which allows better control of the subject and more efficient autofocus response.

Cons of stabilization inside the lens:

Stabilized lenses are more expensive and larger.
In some cases, the stabilizer can generate extraneous sounds during operation, which is critical when shooting video.
Using a stub can degrade bokeh.
If the next generation of the stabilizer is released, you will have to buy new lens - The image stabilization system module is not replaceable.

Today, there are many types of stabilization systems inside lenses. This and Canon Hybrid ISintended for macro photography, and Nikon VR Sportthat can be found on professional telephoto lenses, and other highly targeted variations. All of these systems are designed so that we can shoot at slower shutter speeds in low light conditions and still get a sharp and not blurry picture.

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