Who is the first to build an atomic underwater aircraft carrier. Underwater aircraft carriers. French underwater aircraft carrier "Surkouf"

The first underwater atomic aircraft carrier of the 941-BIS project will be built in Russia, so affirm Internet rumors ...

The essence is not in rumors - the underwater aircraft carrier will be built or there will be no, and in the idea that could be born only in Russia. For Anglo-Saxons, the thought itself to carry out up and landing on the aircraft carrier deck, which floats under water contradicts the logic of the English language.

AtavRCR project 941BIS was created under the leadership of the Group of Supreme Officers of the Fleet and the KGB of the USSR. In 1991, they did not want to break the oath, this country that ceased to exist. They, as many thinking people, hoped that this temporary obstruction and the country would be restored.

However, it was clear that just so oligakhat would not give up his position and moreover, it would probably call for helping their Western friends. Based on this, it was necessary to create an armed formation, which at the right moment would be able to speak on the side of the reconstitution of the country. It would be nice to have a certain reserve of the General Rate as part of the Division of the destroyers and the RPKSN couple.

The unheard of corruption and betrayal in the highest echelons of the authorities and the leadership of the Navy did not leave hope that at least one ship would not go under the knife or will not be folded. In addition, total control by NATOVTS, within the framework of observations on a joint reduction program, the threat did not allow "hide" or to substitute a single combat-ready ship, not to mention the connection.

The only solution was to create something new. The main problem of such construction was money and secrecy. Moreover, secrecy should have been displayed to a new level - it was necessary to hide the construction site not only from other people, but also from their own.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe possibility of building a underwater aircraft carrier was based on the Rubinsk project of transport pl, based on PR 941. The main customer of the TPL was Norilsk Nickel.

For financing the project 941BIS, new Russian customers were found, who liked the idea of \u200b\u200bcarrying used cars from Japan to European. Part of the country year-round Northworthy way.

The small group of designers from Rubin finalized the TPL project using projects of 621 (ardent-transport underwater cruiser), 717 (transport and transportation pl, mine barrel), 748 and 664. Designers worked by two groups: one thought it was creating a submarine roller for new Russians, and only the second, very small, knew about the present objective of the project.

Based on the basis of the Cabinet designs of TK-210, which were allegedly disassembled. At the end of the construction of the Civic part of the cruiser, he switched to the ice on the Far East, as part of the "running tests". In the middle of the transition, the Customer was stated that there were serious omissions in the project and that the boat as it could be operated. We need long-term repair - restructuring. Due to the fact that the duration of the life of new Russians at that time was short, then the claim was simply no one.

Americans like something sluggishly watched the "star" at that time, and the cruiser was put there for armament and installation of flight deck. There, in a disassembled form, a steam throtty device was brought in a low-speed form of color-meta from the Crimea, and simply speaking - the catapult.

By 1995, the cruiser was ready. The aircraft was selected from the DV squadron, the dryers were simply bought.

Construction attracted attention. And no means of disguise and disinformation could prevent information leakage. The only saving of secrecy was departing to the sea. The crew was selected exclusively from volunteers, and the overwhelming majority of them did not know about the existence of the Soviet Union until boarding.

November 18, 1995 at 00:00 local time a heavy aviance cruiser underwater "Soviet Union" gave the mooring and entered the combat duty, the length of which is now understandable - life ....

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As always, the model is made on authentic drawings, all millimeters are fitted, and all rivets are counted.

Somehow for a long time we have already discussed what is and. Since then, probably five years have passed, a lot has changed. Today, for example, Russian submarines "Veliky Novgorod" and "Kolpino" of the project 636.3 were released on the objects of terrorists in Syria from the underwater position, seven winged missiles "Calibr"

Let us discuss with you the current state of affairs in the process of opposition to the Russian Navy and Auga opponent.

Articles and opinions on this subject with enviable regularity appear in the Russian media, when some major events occur in the activities of the Navy of Russia (for example, the campaigns of Russian large surface ships to the shores of Syria), or the Navy of other countries.

For example, the recent completion of the construction of the newest British aircraft carrier "Queen Elizabeth" (the largest aircraft carrier and the warship of the British Fleet) and its exit to the sea on the running tests on June 26, 2017, again attracted the attention of the media to the topic of the possibilities of the Navy of Russia on the confrontation of AUG . Especially taking into account the original correspondence "versions" between the British Minister of Defense Michael Fallon and the official representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Major General Igor Konashenkov. The first stated that Russia would "look with envy" on the new British aircraft carrier, to which the official representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense said that the newest British aircraft carrier is only a "comfortable large-sized maritime goal." Let's try to figure out how effective in modern conditions of the Navy of Russia can counteract aircraft carrier shock groups and is it possible at all?

In most articles concerning the possibilities of struggle against AUR of the likely enemy, it is actually traced (or at least "refined). Boats and aviation on the back of the start of anti-workers' winged missiles (PCR), and even in the case of highly good luck and the implementation of the PCR start-up for aircraft carrier, cover ships, according to the authors of numerous articles, with ease, all attacking PCR will destroy.

As a rule, absolutely enormous values \u200b\u200bof the "Row of Defense" of the aircraft carrier - 600-700, 1000 and even 1500 kilometers are given. No less enormous values \u200b\u200bare indicated for the radius of the impact of the deck aviation and the border of anti-submarine defense. The figures of the "Defense" usually correspond to the limit range of detection of air targets by the aircraft compound provided by the deck aircraft of long-range detection. So the possibility of detecting air targets by airplanes DROL E-2 "Hawk ah" is estimated to 700 kilometers, for the purpose of the class "bomber" having an effective surface of scattering (EPR) at least 25 square meters and flying at an altitude of 10 kilometers, while aircraft drill on comparable altitude (the height of the patrols of the American deck aircraft DROL E-2 "Hawk ah" is 9.5-10 km). Patroling of aircraft DRON is carried out at a distance of up to 300 kilometers from the aircraft carrier. Thus, the aircraft target of the "bomber" at high height can really be detected on a distance of up to 1000 kilometers from the aircraft carrier, which provides a certain amount of time for the lifting of fighters from the aircraft carrier deck - however, they must be at the time of detection on the flight deck, refilled and Covered by ammunition.

Accordingly, the aircraft carrier deck must be in advance in maximum readiness for the takeoff fighters in the quantity required for parishment. However, the radius of fighter fighter depends on the high-speed regime. So for example, the American deck fighter-interceptor F-14 "Tomket" (removed from weapons in 2007, to the great displeasure of American admirals), which still remains unsurpassed fighter-intercepting US Navy for the possibilities of the range and the duration of combat patrol, had Radius of action in the "usual" flight mode over 920 kilometers. However, when interception solely on the supersonic speed (which is very necessary when intercepting the attacking aircraft carrier of the opponent aircraft), its radius has decreased to about 320 and 250 kilometers, depending on the high-speed mode. Thus, in many articles, the giant values \u200b\u200bof the "Rubbing of Defense" AUG little reflect the actual position and belong only to the limiting distance from the aircraft carrier, on which a large air target at large altitudes can be detected.

Perhaps the most faithful "popular" argument regarding the possibilities of fighting AURG is the likelihood of rapprochement with the aircraft carrier for the range of applications of its PCR. Indeed, even the most long-range PCRs existing in service with the ships of the Navy of Russia, such as "granite" and "volcano" (the maximum range of the combined trajectory - about 500 and 700 kilometers, respectively). While the almost achievable maximum strike radius of the aircraft carrier of the American aircraft carrier during the exercise of an array of approximately 700 kilometers, taking into account the time required for a group of 30-35 aircraft (the number of aircraft that, with timely preparation in advance, is able to raise an aircraft carrier to hit the maximum radius Actions), flight to the goal, directly applying hitting and landing the entire group (which occupies quite a long time).

Taking into account the range of flights of modern aviation PCR, this distance increases. By the beginning of the next decade, it is expected, this distance will increase even more, because In 2019, the US Navy should begin the deployment of new long-range aviation anti-relocated LRASM label missiles. However, this refers to the situation when opponents separate the initially huge distance. The main "scenario" of PCR strikes with large superwater ships is a blow from the position of "direct tracking" in the event of an escalation of the conflict, when opponents initially separates no more than a few hundred kilometers and both parties support various means "contact" with each other.

Such "direct tracking", for example, is constantly carried out during the action of Russian warships in the Mediterranean, when the connections of Russian and NATO ships maneuver on a small distance from each other. During the year of the Cold War for large superwater ships of the USSR Navy, such a blow from the position of "direct tracking" and was at all the main way of their combat use. Especially with the fact that the Socadron of the USSR and the United States almost all year round carried out patrolling in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea and continuously kept each other under "close observation".

In the other situations, the most "effective" means of combating aircraft shock groups of a potential enemy in the Navy of Russia and remain submarines with cruise missiles - at the moment it is submarines of the project 949a "Antey" and the newest multipurpose submarine 4 generations "Severodvinsk" project 885 "ash" (in the near future the Navy of Russia will receive submarines of an improved project 885m. The first submarine of this project, "Kazan", was launched on the water at the end of March 2017). In very many articles related to the assessment of the possibilities of countering the AUR of a potential enemy, approval about the almost complete impossibility of submarine to reach the launch of their PCR on aircraft carrier. The main arguments are given two - the impossibility of receiving the target designation for the PCR when shooting for a large range and border of the anti-subcometary defense of the aircraft carrier, which practically cannot overcome submarines. Consider detail these approvals.

To ensure the possibility of firing a PCR for a large range, it is necessary to provide them with the target designation, i.e. Get information about the area of \u200b\u200bfinding Auga opponent, that would be the PCR to the specified area and including his homing heads, could find a goal and visit it. In the Soviet Union, a system of sea exploration and target designation (ICRC) "Legend" was deployed to solve this problem. This system consisted of a orbital grouping consisting of two types of satellites - "Us-A" for maintaining radar intelligence and "Us-P" for conducting radio engineering intelligence. By virtue of the technology of the 1970s, satellites of radar intelligence systems were operated at very low orbits and therefore, due to the impossibility of obtaining a sufficient amount of energy from solar cells, they were equipped with nuclear power plants. Confidently detect these satellites could only a large group of ships, but they were exactly what was required - to detect AUR likely an enemy. With this system, for example, an effective tracking was carried out for the Expeditional Union of the British Fleet during the Falkland War.

The satellites "legends" examined most of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean and, when the enemy is detected, immediately broadcast information about its location on the shore command points of the fleet and carriers of heavy PCR, for which this information is actually intended. By virtue of the exhaustion of the resource of the legends, they were reduced from orbit. In 2006, the last satellite of the radiotechnical intelligence "Us-P" was derived from operation. However, it is currently being deployed by a new one, an order of more perfect and effective ICRC system "Liana". With a smaller number of satellites, it is able to "cover" comparable to the former "legend" area of \u200b\u200bthe water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean and detect any objects in the ocean with the highest accuracy, which makes it possible to ensure reliable target designation for the PCR.

In most articles dedicated to the possibilities of fighting AUR of the likely enemy, the possibility of obtaining submarines with anti-workers of target designation with the help of its hydroacoustic complex remains. Perhaps this is due to a common statement that the submarine is practically unable to overcome the border of the antiothoporetum defense AUG. At the same time, the digits of the radius of this "turn" are usually called a variety of different - from 400 to 700 or more kilometers. The "Rubeze" itself is presented as a certain circular zone, falling into which submarine is hardly immediately detected by anti-submarine airplanes and helicopters.

As a rule, this figures are based on the possibilities of American Auga of the Cold War, when the aircraft carrier aircraft carriers had a squadron of the deck anti-submarine aircraft S-3 "Viking". But these aircraft were removed from weapons in 2009, as a result of which the possibilities of units even American AUR were significantly reduced. Frequently cited numbers of "turns" reflect only the radius of these aircraft - the distance in which the "Vikings" could lead the anti-submarine search. However, it is worth noting that the anti-submarine search is an extremely difficult operation. It is necessary to look for a submarine in a huge space, which is very difficult, even if it has a fairly high noise. The plane is flat in the reserved area, drops into the sea (or as they call - "exhibits") passive and active hydroacoustic boys, which are lowered to a certain depth, after which it accepts and analyzes information from them by radio channel. If some of the buoys seed the noise of a submarine (passive) or reflected a reflection of a sound echo (active buoy), additional very time-consuming actions are needed on the "localization" of the submarine location.

The aircraft of PLA exhibits hydroacoustic boys already on a much smaller area around the "contact" site with a submarine, and it expects several buoys will give information about the submarine. Then the aircraft is already with the help of a magnetometer finally sets the position of the submarine and reset the torpedo. However, the problem is that the area on which is necessary to look for a giant submarine, even in the presence of a preliminary intelligence or intended area of \u200b\u200bfinding a submarine defined by analytical methods. The most important thing is the possibilities of PO NATO significantly decreased since the Cold War. Because Anti-submarine airplanes S-3 "Viking" were removed from weapons in 2009, then PO AUG is provided only by deck helicopters and hydroacoustic funds forces.

And the capabilities of the helicopters are so much more "modest" than the aircraft - they are significantly less than the speed, several times less than the hydroacoustic buoys and a very small radius of action. More or less effectively ensure the turn of the helicopters is possible only at a distance of about 100 kilometers. The possibilities of Pie Augu are increasing with the support of anti-submarine aircraft of basic patrol aviation. However, their number since the times of the Cold War also significantly decreased that the truth is largely compensated for new anti-submarine airplanes P Poseidon, which are re -med by the squadrons of the basic patrol aviation of the United States and their allies. For example, the United Kingdom, in the "zone of responsibility" of the fleet of which there is a significant part of the Northern Atlantic does not have anti-submarine aircraft - the last airplanes of Po "Nimrod" were removed from weapons in 2011.

But the main thing - the noise of modern submarines is extremely low and the extremely difficult to find them. In addition, the range and efficiency of submarine detection is extremely dependent on hydrological conditions, which are usually dynamically changed and rarely when the hydroacoustic tools are optimal. In the same time, the noise of surface ships exceeds the noise of modern underwater hundreds and thousands of times, which makes it possible to detect them by hydroacoustic means of submarines at a huge distance. For example, a distance of detection of large surface ships by a hydroacoustic complex of the modern Russian submarine PR 885 "Severodvinsk" according to open sources is up to 240 kilometers. Probably similar characteristics also possesses a new hydroacoustic complex installed on submarines with covered rockets of the 949A projects during the overhaul and modernization.

Thus, the submarine has the opportunity to detect a major ship connection of the enemy at a huge distance, while to detect it for the enemy is a very nontrivial task. Currently, for all developed fleets of the world, the question of protecting ship connections from the torpedo attacks of the opponent's submarine, not to mention the detection of modern submarines on more remote overheads. Given all the foregoing, Russian submarines with cruise missiles have every chance to approach the AUR of the likely enemy to a distance from which it is possible to obtain a "autonomous" target designation for the PCR with the means of its own hydroacoustic complex and the implementation of the PCR volley on the enemy ships.

A separate topic that causing the most fierce disputes is the question of how much supersonic PCRs attacked the aircraft carrier can knock off his guard ships, mainly cruisers and destroyers equipped with a multifunctional management system "IJIS". In this question, the authors of various articles on this topic are, as a rule, dramatically diverge - from the full inability to hit heavy super-sounded PCR by ship's air defense, before, on the contrary, the enormous efficiency of the air defense air defense facility and the impossibility of "breaking" the aircraft carrier Adequate amount of PCR. However, put the point in this discussion when the "practical experience" is hardly possible.

On the one hand, the possibilities of air defense of modern large ships, such as for example, ships equipped with the IJIS system, British Daring class and modern frigates and the destroyers of NATO countries are huge and constantly improving. For example, the active distribution in recent years of anti-aircraft missiles with active radar heads of homing and improving the exchange of tactical information (for example, the implementation of the Cooperative Engagement Capability in the US Navy, which allows you to exchange data about the purpose of all ships and shipping aircraft) The most near future will allow the interception of low-fatty air attack funds, including the PCR, outside the radarizant. In combination with a very large number of target channels of modern ship SPC, it allows to reflect even massive rocket and aviation strikes.

On the other hand, supersonic PCRs, which are the main weapons of the Russian Fleet continue to remain extremely complex targets for air defense tools. Huge flight speed (for the Granite PCR 750 m / s at high altitude and about 500-550 m / s per small and 850 and 650 m / s, respectively, for PCR "Onyx"; almost 1000 m / s on the final field of flight, The length of 25-40 km for the PCR 3M54 is one of the PCR, which is part of the Kalibr complex), the possibility of maneuvering (for the Granite PCR "at large altitudes), and" intelligent "guidance systems that ensure the exchange of information between the PCR in flight , Laying the missile front, searching for the sources of radar radiation, guidance to the source of interference, as well as the interference station, creating incurred interference to extremes make it difficult to fight them.

In general, one of the problems of discussions on the theme of the possibilities of confronting the Navy of Russia to aircraft carrier groups of the likely enemy is that for Russian weapons, in particular PCR, all the "non-defect" characteristics and nuances of their combat use, while the possibility of weapons of probable enemy Estimated solely on the basis of "advertising" characteristics. For example, the likelihood and zone of the damage to the ship's probable enemy are accepted the same as for subsonic PCRs and supersonic, and it is concluded that it is necessary to use a giant number of PCR for the AUR WA breakthrough, which often exceeds any reasonable limits and, accordingly, conclude is happening hardly Total invulnerability.

However, it is worth noting that the characteristics of SPC and anti-aircraft missiles published in open sources (however, as well as any other types of weapons) are rather "estimates" and are given for "polygon" purposes - as a rule, this is the purpose of the class "fighter" flying at speeds 300-350 m / s at high height, with a zero parameter (i.e. flying directly to the SPC) and not maneuvering. The Russian supersonic PCRs possess a huge speed of flight, especially at a high height, which in itself, significantly "cuts" the zone of defeat of the SPC. The possibility of intensive maneuvering, together with the formulation of obstacles, significantly reduces the likelihood of their defeat with one anti-aircraft missile. Actually, in Western sources, the number of anti-aircraft missiles of the standard "Standard" family, which constitute the basis of the IJIS's integrated ammunition, which required for guaranteed damage to the dialing PCR is estimated at 3, and for the lesion of supersonic - at least 4-5. The only case of the real combat use of the IJIS system in October 2016 (from the shores of Yemen Esminets "Mason" during the week reflected 3 attacks of single PCRs, launched from Yemen's rebels) partially confirms these figures - according to available data, according to the subsonic PCR , the attackers of the ship produced 3 anti-aircraft missiles, although their goal was extremely simple for interception - not maneuvering and moving at a subsonic speed.

In general, any wars often demonstrate the inconsistency of the "advertising" characteristics of a particular weapon. So, for example, during the Falkland War, the British Ship SI WOLF ship was the likelihood of "polygon" targets at 0.85, and even intercepted artillery shells on the trials, but during the fighting, its effectiveness was almost 2 times below. From a theoretical point of view, if we consider the characteristics of the British SPK, the Argentine Aviation approach itself to British ships was absolutely impossible. However, the Argentine attack aircraft was not only bombed by unmanaged bombs of British ships, but also caused extremely sensitive losses to the British fleet, putting it very close to the verge of defeat.

There are also many factors, assess which is hardly possible, in particular the impact of radio-electronic countermeasures from both sides.

With a lot of confidence, it can be argued that the possibilities of the modern Navy of Russia make it possible to conduct a confident struggle with one aircraft carrier group of a likely enemy and applying it to the aircraft carrier of damage that reduces its failure or at least a significant reduction in its combat capability. The effective confrontation of an aircraft carrier with 2-3 AUG is possible only with very favorable circumstances.

At the same time, the qualitative growth of combat capacity and the emergence of new AUR the likely enemy in the near future will not be ignored by the Russian Ministry of Defense. Creation of new means of reconnaissance and target designation, new submarines and large surface ships equipped with supersonic PCR "Onyx" and "Calibr", actively coming upgrading underwater boats of the project 949a (during which the PCR amplifier will be increased by 3 times - instead of the available 24 PCR "granite ", on the upgraded submarines there will be 72 PCR" Onyx "and the winged rockets of the Caliber family), as well as the testing tests of a fundamentally new hypersonic PCR" Zirkon "will allow in the foreseeable future not only to support the" status quo ", but also to increase the status quo The possibilities of the Navy of Russia to combat AURG - to ensure not only the disability of the opponent's aircraft carrier, but also the defeat of the whole AUG, as well as the possibility of much more "confidently" to resist the whole airmail connection.

To confront the aircraft carrier is the most complex task that requires attracting a huge number of diverse forces and means that only the most powerful powers. The active development and improvement of Russian "anti-aviation" forces clearly demonstrates that despite all the difficulties of the Navy of Russia still remains an extremely difficult opponent and is one of the most advanced fleets of the world.

As mentioned above, answer the question "How effective the Russian fleet can withstand the AUR of the likely enemy" hardly perhaps, due to the lack of any practical experience. Improving the "antiovanosny" forces of the Navy of Russia will allow to guarantee with a huge probability in the future that this question will remain unanswered.

Journal "New Defense Order"

In the media, some ships of our fleet call the "killers of aircraft carriers." In different interpretations, this nickname walks through the pages of newspapers, sounds in different television programs. It seems that such a ship or submarine can almost alone "kill an aircraft carrier", and for our fleet, the defeat of the aircraft carrier (aircraft carriers do not go alone, they always protect them a group of ships that form an aircraft carrier group - AUG) Easy. However, this is not quite true.

First of all, about the "killers of aircraft carriers". Such a nickname "stuck" to the missile cruisers of the project 1164, which is exactly so often referred to in the press. Obviously for their formidable view from the 16th PU for a powerful missile complex "Basalt" or "Volcano". In addition to this ship, a heavy missile cruiser of Project 1144 can be attributed to the "murderers" (the most famous of which Petr Great), as well as the Rocket submarines of the project 949a (became known to the general public in connection with the tragedy of the Kursk submarine).

So, whether such a rocket cruiser is capable of acting in a group of 2-3 vehicles (as it takes place today, when we perform various problems of supporting Russian diplomacy and demonstration of the flag) or a single submarine Ave. 949a to destroy or at least derive from Is the American aircraft carrier?

The typical composition of the aircraft carrier group includes one aircraft carrier (main in the USA type "Nimitz"), 6-8 surface ships of cover, including 2-3 missile cruisers of the Tykonderoga type, as much as Eschi Type "Orly Berk" and 2- 3 Atomic submarines, mainly like "Los Angeles".

The model composition of the aircraft carrier - 48 fighter attachments F / A-18C and D, 10 anti-submarine aircraft "Viking", 4-6 aircraft-tankers, as much reb aircraft, 4 reconnaissance aircraft, 4 aircraft radar watch and control control 2C "Hokai", 10-16 anti-submarine and search and rescue helicopters.

Rocket cruisers and destroyers are the basis of the aircraft carrier defense system, possessing powerful air defense facilities, Po and Rab.

Resolving the task of combating surface vehicles of the enemy, the aircraft carrier drum group is able to strike a deck aircraft consisting of up to 40 aircraft at a distance of up to 600-800 km and "Tomakhok" missiles at a distance of up to 500-600 km from the center of the order, having a volley to several dozen such missiles.

The anti-submarine defense of the aircraft carrier group is based on a depth of 600 or more kilometers from the aircraft carrier, the aircraft - up to 700 km from the center of the order.

In general, the US aircraft gun group is a single combat system in which heterogeneous forces and means are operating under the control of a single automated ship control system, solving in a single complex all the tasks of defense and the offensive imposed on it.

What is the sea battle with the aircraft carrier.

In order to hit the aircraft carrier from the aircraft carrier group, our ship group led by a rocket cruiser or a rocket submarine must: ensure timely detection of the aircraft carrier and classify it, to get close to the distance of the application of missile weapons, while maintaining combat capability, to obtain a target designation with the definition of place The aircraft carrier in the order and let the rockets, which, overcoming the opposition of air defense and Rabs, should hit the aircraft carrier.

Consider the possibility of implementing all this set of events.

The own capabilities of the ship group as part of a missile cruiser and 1-3 welfare ships and reconnaissance are limited to actually limits of the radarizant. That is a few tens of kilometers.

The helicopters available on board the vehicles to search for an opponent in large areas of the areas are unsuitable due to the small number of these machines on board the junction ships (maximum 2 helicopter on the largest ship) and a small radius of action. They can be effectively used only in the interests of issuing target designation and on the incomplete range of rocket weapons.

Opportunities for rocket submarines 949A of the project for exploration is significantly wider. They are capable of detecting the noise of aircraft carriers at the removal of more than a hundred marine miles to their hydroacoustics. That is, when the submarine is found in the far zone of anti-submarine defense of the aircraft carrier, where there is a certain (albeit small) the likelihood of its destruction.

However, it is impossible to classify and even more so to determine the combat order of the opponent with the identification of the chief order from such a distance. It will be necessary to get close to the enemy for a distance of several dozen nautical miles. That is, enter into the middle zone of anti-submarine defense of the opponent, where the likelihood of its destruction is already very significant.

In the Soviet times, the actions of our fleet against the aircraft carrier forces of the enemy were maintained by a powerful and developed system of intelligence and targeting, including the space component. It allowed to identify and track American aircraft carriers literally from the moment to exit them from the base.

Today, from all this power, there remains actually a limited number of nuclear submarines, single intelligence aircraft and a substantially abbreviated radio radiotechnical intelligence system, which has lost all its foreign centers. These forces do not allow to conduct effective intelligence of operational and important areas of the seas and oceans, especially ensure that our connection is in the required volume of intelligence data for effective strike on AUG.

A different picture is formed at the aircraft carrier, which only on its own can control the air and surface space to a depth of 800 km and more. Having such superiority, an airplane will be able to prevent our missile cruisers at the distance of the rocket volley, it is impunity (not even being detected) to strike with deck aircraft and long-range missiles.

However, even if our small ship connection will be provided with appropriate intelligence information, it will need to get close to the aircraft aircraft to the shooting range of rocket weapons.

Having superiority in the range of the use of deck aviation, the enemy will apply on our connection to the air strikes with a composition of up to 40 cars, of which about 25 will be equipped with two Garpun missiles - just 40-50 missiles. Impact aircraft and rockets will be covered with Reb aircraft.

Under these conditions, the most powerful SprK of our ship connection is "Fort", can destroy only a few missiles each. The self-defense means of each of the ships are still, at the best case, destroy one or two rockets, part will be taken to interference. As a result, more than one and a half dozens of missiles will strike their goals. It can be confidently to argue that in the end our ships, including a missile cruiser, will be sweeping with a high probability.

If this is not enough, the blow can be repeated.

That is, our ship connection will not even be able to approach the distance of rocket firing.

The conditions for overcoming countering the enemy for a missile submarine Ave. 949a is significantly better. However, in this case, the probability of its death before entering the position of the use of weapons is essential.

If we assume that our missile cruiser or rocket submarine came to the position of the volley and produced it or performed a rocket attack from the position of the tracking weapons (that is, the hold of the position in which AUG is within the area of \u200b\u200breaching a rocket weapon), then the chances of hitting the aircraft carrier is still Little.

Slip from 16 (cruiser PR.1164), 20 (heavy cruiser Ave. 1144) or 24 (APL AF PR.949A) rockets, against the ship connection of the air defense systems saturated with multi-channel systems covered by fighters of a combat air patrol, having powerful reb facilities, is unlikely to reach goals.

2-3 rockets can be destroyed by fighters. Each rocket cruisers and destroyers will be able to destroy several missiles. If we consider that the number of such ships that will be able to participate in the reflection of the rocket strike can be 3-4 and even more, it becomes clear that literally the units of missiles can be unaffected. They will destroy anti-aircraft debris whether electronic interference will be taken from the purpose.

The chances of reaching at least one rocket is very small.

Thus, it can be stated that even a successful start of their missiles in the American airmail connection, the chances of the Russian missile cruiser to hit him - insignificant. And taking into account other factors, they are practically reduced to zero.

So call our missile cruisers and submarines with cruise missiles "killers of aircraft carriers" can not.

In order to defeat Aug, our fleet must oppose it an adequate operational connection. Its number should be comparable to Auga: 2-3 rocket cruisers 1164 and 1144 projects in the protection of 5-8 surface vehicles of class Esminet, a large anti-submarine ship, frigate, 3-4 rocket submarines Ave. 949a, 4-5 multipurpose submarines, With the support of the division of the two-three-bed composition of sea rocket or long-distance aviation, squadrons, at least the intelligence aircraft of the ocean zone. On the northern fleet, the aircraft carrier Ave. 1143.5 may be included in the percussion group. With its inclusion, the combat composition of the impact grouping of surface ships can be reduced by 20-30%.

Such a connection will be able to defeat American aug and destroy the aircraft carrier from its composition. At the same time, it itself will incur very tangible losses and will need to restore combat capability. So the AUG with the caps do not throw.

Each of our ocean fleets will be able to create only one such compound (and then if the combat capability of ships). And the Americans will be able to set against each of them at least 4 aircraft carriers. That is, today our fleet is solved by the task of parrying an aircraft threat cannot, unlike the Soviet Navy, whose combat composition made it possible to maintain parity of naval arms with the United States at an acceptable level. Such is the price of "market reforms".


The United States is called Hegemon of the World Ocean - this status is provided by air strike groups. The system of opposition to them is developing all the great powers, but the opposition is not equal to the alternative, the more challenge. However, such a challenge can be the Russian atomic underwater aircraft carrier. And this idea is not so paradoxical, as it seems at first glance.

In the main headquarters of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation, portraits of the Great Russian Flotovatsev are hung on the walls. These people discovered for our country such territories as Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, French Polynesia, Fiji, Papua - New Guinea, Hawaii, Truk and much more. Now these resorts belong to the United States, France or the British Commonwealth, and they could have even wanted to become part of Russia.

But Alexander I refused to accept the King of the Hawaiian Islands in the Corona. Alexander II gave Alaska for nothing. Alexander III did not want to occupy land in New Guinea. Russian emperors avoided to communicate with such territories for one simple reason: Russia did not have and still do not have a really powerful navy, which may if necessary to block any country in the world in any corner of the globe, as Americans can do.

The experience of world wars has shown that the Black Sea and Baltic fleet is easily blocked by non-cruisers or linkers, but by conventional boats. Operation in Syria proved that without a powerful fleet it is extremely difficult to help the overseas allies. However, in Russia, it is still mainly built by frigates, corvettes, combat boats, ardent assault boats, auxiliary ships, that is, ships for swimming in shallow water. At the exit - the fleet for deaf defense.

To dominate the world, you need a space. It is necessary to have in a combat campaign in each sea-ocean at least one classic aircraft carrier group - or something that could replace it. One of the most ambitious and breakthrough projects in this sense can be considered the idea of \u200b\u200ban underwater atomic aircraft carrier.

Rodents for Uncle Sam

The first on underwater aircraft carriers thought back in Samurai Japan. In 1932, the I-2 of the J-1M project of the J-1M project was launched, within which a hermetic hangar was located for the Caspar U-1 intelligence aircraft.

Despite a number of failures and difficulties associated with this know-how, the Japanese sailors came to the conclusion that the underwater aircraft carrier is not such an absurd idea. By 1935, an improved submarine I-6 was built. However, the military extremely did not like that the plane had all the time to launch a special crane into the water.

Before attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese naval forces were at once three improved boats with a scout on board - I-9, I-10 and I-11. It was the I-9 submarine that I finally launched a plane to the sky to fall out the results of the attack on the American base. And on September 9, 1942, an even more perfect submarine project B1 was the first shot directly through the United States: the Yokosuka E14y aircraft dropped a few incendiary bombs on the forest in Oregon, but Americans saved luck and rainy weather - the fire did not flare up.

The crown of Japanese thought was the boat i-400 about 120 meters long. The submarine carried 20 torpedoes and four aircraft, which were armed with two 250-kilogram bombs. The Japanese wanted to even reset special containers with rodents, infected with cholera and Siberian ulcers into the territory of the United States. Did not work out. But the I-400 series submarines became the largest submarines in the world.

At the end of the war, sea samurai possessed dozens of aviance submarines of different class and modifications. This underwater fleet could be delivered to the shores of the United States over fifty airplanes with biological or chemical weapons. And then the story would go completely different way.

The US military was shocked when they realized what trouble had bypassed their prosperous continent. And the conclusions made exhaustive.

In March 1946, in full compliance with the agreements achieved, Moscow demanded to provide Soviet specialists with access to Japanese underwater aircraft carriers. After that, the Americans simply drowned all Japanese submarines. This is another fateful turn of the story that did not happen: if the Soviet Union had received samurai technologies, the Geghemyonia of the United States and Britain in the World Ocean sooner or later, would have come to the end.

Germany, England and France also tried to create underwater aircraft carriers, but further experimental samples with a small intelligence aircraft were not advanced. After a series of failures, the Europeans spit on the ambitious project and engaged in the surface fleet.

Deadly Russian "Pheasan"

Today, rumors are actively mutated on the Internet that the atomic underwater aircraft carrier creates Russia. At the same time, messages are illustrated by a picture of a huge submarine with an airfield on the back, where modern fighters are preparing for the start.

Critics's ears have already poured into this project - every Kingston of the nuclear submarine was surveyed. But the question is where in general information that the underwater aircraft carrier will look like this? It is clear that the worst airfield simply will not give a submarine to the water, nor the surface. This is just a fantasy artist.

The airfield must be streamlined, under the hull of the boat itself. Instead of the fighters invented by designer, the sailors are likely to use the drum drones of the vertical take-off type Tailsitter, that is, an aircraft capable of taking off and sit in a vertical position. It is relifically known that such a device for the Ministry of Defense of Russia is already being developed, and the name is "Pheasan".

After separating from the starting area, this machine dials the height, speed and then goes into the usual horizontal flight mode. At the same time, "Pheasan" can carry not only intelligence equipment on board, but also shock complexes. Its estimated speed is 350-400 kilometers per hour, flight range is two thousand kilometers.

A nuclear submarine may have several dozen such cars on board - a lot of winds will fit. The same applies to ammunition to the armament "Pheasant".

Shot by these machines from missile mines or launching flock from the surface position, the atomic underwater aircraft carrier quickly departs to the place of intended collection. Meanwhile, the swarm of drones unexpectedly attacks the American group of ships, the naval base or rushes to hit the continent of 500 kilometers. After that, the detachment remains can return to the placement of the repair, maintenance and replenishment of the ammunition.

The Russian military will not have to spend money on expensive training and no less costly servicing of the pilots of marine aviation. Moreover, the cost of "Pheasant" is much less than the modern fighter, and the loss of the drone will not be perceived as a tragedy.

But the main advantages of the atomic underwater aircraft carrier in its secretion and suddenness of the appearance of combat drones over the opponent. Any American aircraft carrier with a group of ships looks like a cemetery orchestra, hearing for the mile. And to track the atomic underwater cruiser is almost impossible. It may appear almost anywhere from the coast of the United States and strike.

From the eastern to the west coast of the United States, about 4500 kilometers. Two underwater aircraft carriers will be able to attack the continent from different sides to his entire depth. That is, in fact, there will be no place to be left, where America's population felt in complete safety.

If it is possible to implement such a project, Russia will become the most powerful sea power.

But the classic aircraft carriers have already been outlined.

There are quite a few cases when such ships were defended by submarines of various classes in the educational battle. Americans have successfully "trees" the Swedes, Canadians, French, the British and even the Czechs with Chileans.

According to experts, in the modern war, any aircraft carrier will live no more than two hours, and pilots, taking off from their floating airfield, can search for a spare place in advance.

And the day that day, when the US aircraft carriers are reminded not about Grozny and deadly weapons, but about the unfortunate Joe out of the anecdot - who needs it?

Alexey Overchuk

Soon, an aircraft carrier with nuclear power installation can be done on the Balance of the Navy of Russia. He will complement the fleet bat "Park", on which only the aviance cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" is still at the balance sheet. According to experts, the prototype for the ship can be the aircraft carrier "Storm". How will the fighting "novelty" look like and whether it will be able to compete with the American fleet, found out "360".

Head of the Shipbuilding Department of the National Security Service of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Ragichnikov said that the fleet is working on a new generation aircraft carrier. According to the counter-admiral, now domestic enterprises are preparing a nuclear power plant for a new ship.

The rags noted that the specialists of the design bureau of the United Shipbuilding Corporation and the representatives of the largest shipperphs work on the project for which significant production capacity will be required. The program also involved research centers of the navy. According to the counter-admiral, one of these institutions already develops an atomic engine for the future aircraft carrier. In the near future, fleet representatives will be determined with the concept of promising power plant.

The military emphasized that the ship will answer all the latest requirements for the construction of the courts of this class. "Yes, it is expensive, but the ship must be modern, perform the appropriate tasks," he told in an interview with the Star TV channel.

"Storm" in the ocean

Representatives of the Russian Navy have not yet disclosed, on the basis of which aircraft carrier will be created by a ship with a nuclear engine on board. The surveyed "360" military experts are inclined to the fact that the project "Storm" can serve as a prototype. Its development is engaged in scientists from the Krylov State Scientific Center together with the engineers of the Nevsky Design Bureau.

In accordance with the project plan, the length of the new ship will be 330 meters, the width is 40 meters, and the depth of immersion is 11 meters. The speed of the aircraft carrier will reach 30 nodes. In motion, the ship will give the power plant of a mixed type, consisting of atomic and gas turbine blocks.


Source photo: Minoconctions of the Russian Federation

He will be able to "carry" up to 90 aircraft and helicopters, as well as take the aircraft of a long-range radar watch. On board the aircraft carrier, the Russian fighter of the SU-57 fighter will be able to be based, designers approve.

The capacity of the ship will allow you to transport up to six thousand tons of fuel and transport up to four thousand people of the command staff. At the same time, the Russian aircraft carrier is beginning with the newest weapon. So, for the "Storm" plan to develop ship vessels of promising anti-aircraft missile systems C-500. They are sharpened to detect aerodynamic and ballistic goals for a range of up to 800 kilometers and at speeds up to seven thousand meters per second.

Russia has access to two oceans, so the issue of creating a full fleet of aircraft carriers for the country is quite relevant, noted in a conversation with "360" a military expert, captain of the 1st rank of Vasily Dandikin.

Objectively, without a sufficient number of aircraft carriers, Russia cannot be considered a great naval power. They need a fleet to cover atomic submarines during operations in different parts of the world's ocean. Now the Americans are leading in this segment, so we have to go on their way and create an extensive grouping of destroyers - unwise, and it makes sense to equip the destroyer atomic reactors

Vasily Dandikincaptain 1st rank.

However, for its effective use of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation will have to assemble or re-build a full-fledged aircraft carrier group. At least two rocket cruisers, three destroyers, two nuclear submarines and several shipping ships should be included in it. Also, the aircraft carrier will require the construction of the infrastructure with all necessary for it, Military Expert Alexei Leonkov noted in a conversation with "360".

"The main problem of the construction of aircraft carriers is now a lack of a full-fledged platform for its construction. We have a stapel in the Far East - "Star", but until it is loaded by ships of this size. In addition, you need to have appropriate preparation of deck aviation, which can take off from the aircraft carrier. Plus, construction even one aircraft carrier costs billions of dollars. Therefore, the military must accurately set the tasks to develop the optimal version of the new aircraft carrier, "the military expert emphasized.

Currently, only one aircraft carrier - Admiral Kuznetsov consists of combat duty. He was built on the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant in Nikolaev and descended back in 1991. Last year, the ship committed the longest campaign for his history - to the Mediterranean Sea to participate in a military operation in Syria. After traveling the aircraft carrier by decision of the Ministry of Defense sent to renovation.

World competitors


Photo source: RIA Novosti / Pavel Canonov

Although now the Russian Sea Fleet is increasing the battle "Park", the forces in terms of aircraft carriers are unequal. On combat duty in the American army there are 11 ships of this class. The last one - Gerald R. Ford - descended in 2017. Its construction cost an American treasury at $ 13 billion. Another aircraft carrier should appear in the USA by 2023.

In addition to Americans, aircraft carriers and the Chinese are actively building. Moreover, in March of this year, the PRC announced the creation of the first warship in his fleet with a nuclear power plant. Engineers promise to build an aircraft carrier by 2025. Now in the composition of the Navy China there is only one aircraft carrier - or rather, the aviance cruiser "Liaoning". This ship is built on the basis of the unfinished Soviet Aviab Cruiser purchased from Ukraine in 1998.

Constantly upgrades his fleet and the United Kingdom. For example, in 2014, the largest Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier in the history of the English fleet was built. On his construction, the country spent about three billion pounds. The first journey ship will make this Saturday.

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