Read about an interesting observation. Summary of a lesson in the Russian language on the topic "Building the text by linking parts and sentences" program (Planet of Knowledge). Beetles solve the problem of water scarcity
Summary of a lesson in Russian
Under the "Planet of Knowledge" program
Textbook: Zheltovskaya L.Ya. 4th grade 4th quarter
Topic: We build texts by connecting parts and sentences.
Purpose: acquaintance with the features of the narrative text.
Tasks:
Formation of the ability to title the text; understand the connections between its parts and sentences, defining the topic;
To develop oral and written speech and communication skills of schoolchildren.
Formation of the ability to exercise self-control.
Lesson protocol
Stage
Teacher activity
Student activities
Hello. Check if everything is ready for the lesson: notebook, textbook, pen, pencil, eraser.
2. Message of the topic of the lesson
Look at the desk.
Suggestions are written on the board (Appendix # 1)
Let's read these sentences.
What do you think should be done in these proposals?
Right. We name the words, the missing letter and explain the spelling.
Guys, what is the one word for these proposals?
Right.
And who has already guessed what we will be doing today in the lesson?
Read sentences
Insert missing letters
Text
Talk about text
3. Work on the topic of the lesson.
Now, let's remember what text is?
What is the subject of the text?
Does the text have a main idea?
What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe text?
What kinds of texts are there by type of speech?
What is usually reported in the text of the story?
What questions can you answer with storytelling text?
What does the description text say?
What questions can you answer with this text?
What does the text of the discourse say?
What questions are answered in this text?
A text is two or more sentences related in meaning by a common theme.
This is what the text says, the theme brings together the sentences in the text.
Yes
This is the main thing that the author wanted to say, what he wanted to convince the reader and listener of.
Narratives, descriptions, reasoning
About any occasion or event
What happened? what happened?
It speaks about the signs of objects, that is, animals, plants, natural phenomena, events, people and much more are described.
Which one? what is? what is it? what are?
The reasons for the phenomena, events, actions are explained.
Why is this happening (or happened)? Why did you do this?
4. Work on cards.
Well done! Now let's check how you understand the texts.
I handed out leaflets to you (Appendix # 2)
Take their hands.
Let's read the sentences under the number 1.
How do you think this can be called text?
Why?
Let's read the sentences under number 2.
And these sentences can be called text?
Why?
What is the theme of this text?
Why else can these sentences be called text?
Which one?
What else makes us understand that this is text?
Let's head this text.
Guys, let's think about what kind of text it is by the type of speech?
Prove.
Right. Let's see how many parts this text can be divided into?
Why?
What will the first part be called?
What will the second part be called?
What will the third part be called?
Well done boys!
Now, put your pieces of paper aside and tell me, do you know the varieties of narrative text?
Read
Not
There is no theme, the main idea and the proposals are not related in meaning.
Read
Yes
He has a theme
What did the guys see in the field
He has a basic idea
How the kite looked out for prey
The proposals are linked
Shadow on the road
Storytelling
A case is reported. Answers the question: what happened?
On three
Explain
Beginning (or prologue, introduction)
Main part (development of events)
Ending (conclusion)
Not
5. Work in the textbook.
In order to find out what kinds of narrative text there are, open the tutorial on page 114 of exercise. 277.
Read the first flavor.
What are instructions?
What is a recipe?
Read the second variety.
How do you understand this?
Read the third variety.
So what kinds of narrative text are there?
Instructions, recipe
Explain
Explain
Episode sketch (observation)
Explain
History (a story about an event that happened in life)
Instruction, recipe, observation, history.
6. Application of the acquired knowledge in practice
Let us dwell on such a kind of narrative text as observation, for this we open exercise. 278.
Look at this exercise and tell me what needs to be done?
Who is a Meteorologist?
Let's read the text.
What is the theme of this text?
How many parts are there in the text?
What will these parts be called?
In which of these parts is the topic of the text revealed?
What is the meaning of the first part?
Let's pay attention to the groups of selected words and phrases.
Read them.
Will they help to understand how the parts and sentences in the text are connected in meaning?
How will they help?
Guys, find out which sentence has words as if.
How is this word spelled?
Open your notebooks, write down the number, great work.
Write down this word, mark in the margin that this is a dictionary word.
Now step back and write Exercise 278.
- Write off the text, come up with a title for it.
Underline words and word combinations are bundles.
Do not forget to write each part with a red line.
Do it.
A person who studies the science of the structure and properties of the earth and the physical processes taking place in it.
Read the text.
How a flock of sparrows settled on the lid of the washbasin
Three
Introduction, development of events, conclusion
In the first part
If there was no first part, nothing would be clear
Read
Yes help
Explain
As if
Write down
Celebrate
Exercise
7. Lesson summary
What did you do in class today?
What new have you learned?
What did you like?
8. Homework.
Come up with any text and sign what type of speech it belongs to.
If there is time, I will give an independent task (Appendix No. 3)
Appendix # 1
Z..my children hung up from the Christmas tree .. to..true and poured food. One day a squirrel appeared near the c .. a squirrel. She cautiously jumped on to .. the gun. And she began to eat seeds ...
Appendix # 2
№1
The Russian forest is beautiful and sad in the early autumn days. The ground was covered with pure white snow. The blue and blue cornflowers are visible far away in the rye. Late autumn flowers are still blooming.
№2
It was a bright sunny day. My brother and I walked across the field.
Suddenly a shadow fell on the road. I looked up quickly. Silently flew over us large bird... It was a kite. He spotted prey. In an instant, the predator grabbed her and soared into the sky.
We have remembered this incident for a long time.
Appendix No. 3
Fill in the gaps in the text to make a story about your class.
Write down what kind of speech it will be and why?
Friendly, kind and cheerful.
For 4 years we have been together, we study together in the same class! Our morning begins with what we say to each other ___________________. Every day we are glad to see our ________________________________. We miss when ________________ is long.
Our class has __________________ and __________________. Girls _________ and ________________, and boys ___________________ and _________________. There is never ____________________ in our class.
If you are already studying the second, go here \u003e\u003e
On this page there are answers to the first part of the notebook. If you are already studying the second, go here \u003e\u003e
Ready-made answers of the Reshebnik on the subject "The World Around" for grade 2 will help parents navigate and help the child in preparation homework... We bring the reshebnik to part 1 of the workbook for the Perspective program. All answers to the assignments were written by a student of the 2nd grade, Maxim Egorov, with the help of parents, checked and approved by the teacher primary grades... We will explain the tasks that may cause difficulties. As answers, we also provide extended information on relevant topics, which can be read in the articles of our encyclopedia and used if the teacher asks you to prepare a report or presentation at home.
GDZ to 1 part of the workbook the world around 2 grade
Photos for the story:
By the link you can choose other signs: all the signs of living and inanimate nature about the weather \u003e\u003e
Photos for photo story:
Page 36. Autumn.
Autumn months.
1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the autumn months in the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names for the autumn months. Write down the Russian names in the second column. Verbally draw a conclusion about their origin.
In the 2nd column we write from top to bottom: September October November
Find out from your elders and write in the third column the names of the autumn months in the languages \u200b\u200bof the people of your region.
In the 3rd column we write from top to bottom: howler is a scruffy leaf
2. Write down the names of the autumn months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are related:
a) with the phenomena of inanimate nature: rain chime, dawn, muddy, frowning, howler.
b) with the phenomena of living nature: leaf-bearing, leaf fall.
c) with the difficulty of people: baker, wedding, skit, leaf-cutter.
3. Russia is great. Therefore, summer is seen off and autumn is met at different times and more than once. Write down the dates of the arrival of autumn according to the old calendars of the peoples of your region.
Answer: summer in Russia comes on September 1 (the modern date of the arrival of autumn), September 14 (the arrival of autumn according to the old style), September 23 (the day of the autumn equinox in the Moscow state was considered the day of the onset of autumn).
4. Figure captions to choose from: golden autumn; sad time - the charm of the eyes; autumn in the village; autumn Moscow; waiting for winter.
S. 38-39. Autumn in inanimate nature.
1. Mark the diagram that shows the position of the sun in autumn. Explain (verbally) your choice.
We mark the second scheme. There are signs of autumn on it (rain, leaf fall, the sun goes low above the ground).
For understanding: the Earth revolves around the Sun, while the axis of the Earth is always tilted the same way. When the axis is tilted towards the sun, it seems high relative to the earth, is "directly overhead", its rays fall "vertically", this time of the year is called summer. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, the axis shifts relative to it and the Sun relative to the Earth seems to descend. Its rays fall on the Earth obliquely. Autumn is coming.
2. Make a list of autumn phenomena in inanimate nature using the text of the textbook.
Answer: frost, frost, rains, fog, autumn equinox, freeze-up.
3. Write down the date.
S. 40-41. Folk holidays at the time of the autumnal equinox.
Traditional costumes of the Nanai hunters of the Amur region are a combination of patterns in brown, red, pink and blue colors. The dishes are golden, painted.
Reindeer breeders of Kamchatka dress in clothes and shoes made of reindeer skins, as a rule, in all shades of brown or gray, with light fur.
S.42-43. Starry sky in autumn.
1.Using the illustrations in the textbook, connect the stars to form the figures of a bear and a swan. Highlight the Big Dipper bucket in the left picture.
See the picture for the answer.
2. Draw a picture for your fairy tale about how the big bear appeared in the starry sky.
Fairy tale: Somehow the teddy bear wanted to feast on a honey and climbed a tree - to ruin the hive. And the forest bees are angry, they attacked the bear cub, began to sting. The bear cub began to climb higher and higher up the tree. The mother bear saw this, rushed to save the bear cub, climbed up the tree too, and followed him to the very top of the tree. She covers her little son, and the bees sting more and more. I had to climb even higher, to the very sky, so that the bees would not get it. They are still there: Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
Or write a story about how the bears hid from a hunter in a tree, and then climbed into the sky and left the chase.
We draw bears climbing into the sky from the top of a tree.
3. Observe the starry sky. Find familiar and new constellations and stars. Pay attention to the location of the Ursa Major's bucket. Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you managed to see:
Constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pisces, Aries, Andromeda.
Stars: Venus, Sirius, Pole Star.
4. Write a story about one of the constellations of the autumn sky. Use for this information from the atlas-determinant, other books, the Internet (at your discretion).
Story: Bootes or the Shepherd is the constellation of the northern hemisphere sky. It is observed in summer and autumn. It looks like a man guarding a herd. The imagination of ancient people painted him with a staff and two dogs. There are several myths about this constellation, but the most interesting one says that the first plowman on earth was turned into this constellation, who taught people to cultivate the land. The constellation Bootes includes a very bright star Arcturus next to the Big Dipper, and it itself resembles a fan.
If you want, create a fairy tale about the constellations of the autumn sky. Write it down on a separate sheet and style it beautifully.
First you need to find out which constellations are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere in autumn. They are shown and labeled in the figure:
We come up with a fairy tale about any of them or about all of them at once.
Fairy tale: People lived in the same city. They were kind and honest, they achieved everything with their work. Among them were a shepherd who grazed cattle, a charioteer, twin children, an Aquarius who carried water from a well, a beautiful virgin and Cassiopeia, and many others. They also had pets: a calf, a ram, a horse, hounds. And when the boy Perseus began to play the flute, all the animals from the nearby forest came to listen to him: the cunning fox, and the lynx, and the lion, and the bear with the bear cub. Fish, a whale and a dolphin swam to the shore. Even the fabulous unicorn and the dragon listened to the gentle melody. But one day in the fall, a volcanic eruption began near the town. He burned forests and fields, dropped houses and was ready to burn the city and all its inhabitants. But the huge dragon told people: you have never done any harm to anyone, you are all very good and I will save you. He gathered on his back all who fit and carried them to heaven. So they shine from the sky to this day and the constellation Perseus, and the dragon, there was a place for everyone in the night autumn sky.
Pages 44-45. The grass is outside our house.
1. Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and place each plant in its own window.
3. Consider herbaceous plants near your home. Find out the names of several herbs with the help of the identifier atlas, write them down.
Answer: clover, bluegrass, foxtail, yarrow, knotweed (bird buckwheat), plantain, dandelion, mint, burdock.
4. Write a story about one of the herbs growing near your home. Use information from the book "Green Pages" or other sources (at your discretion).
Mint.
Mint grows near our house. This plant has a very pleasant smell. We often collect mint, dry its green leaves and add to tea. I like to drink mint tea. There are several types of mint, among them there is a medicinal one.
Plantain.
The plantain grows along the roads, and from there it got its name. It has wide leaves and a long stalk on which small flowers bloom and seeds ripen. This plant is medicinal. If you cut yourself, apply the plantain, and the wound will heal faster.
Photos for insertion:
S. 46-47. Antique women's work.
1. Find flax among these plants.
Answer: second from the left.
3. You are in the museum of flax and birch bark in the city of Kostroma. View photographs of tools for working flax, making linen threads and fabric. Write the numbers of their names in the circles. 1. Spinning wheel. 2. Weaving mill. 3. Self-spinning wheel. 4. Ruffled. 5. Stupa with pestle. 6. Flax extractor.
The answer is in the picture.
It will be very useful to show the child a training video on flax processing \u003e\u003e So the student will clearly see the whole process and better remember the purpose of objects for flax processing.
Pages 48-49. Trees and shrubs in autumn.
1. Recognize trees and shrubs by their leaves and write the numbers of their names in the circles.
The answer is in the picture. Linden, birch and hazel leaves turn yellow in autumn. Euonymus in autumn can be yellow or purple. The oak leaves turn orange. Rowan, maple and aspen are yellow-red. Viburnum leaves in autumn are green or yellow at the cutting and red at the edges.
A story about trees and shrubs in autumn with photos will help with tasks from this topic \u003e\u003e
2. Find a shrub among these plants and underline its name.
Answer: juniper.
Find a tree whose needles turn yellow and fall off in the fall.
Answer: larch.
3. Visit the forest, park or square. Admire the trees and shrubs in their fall dress. Find out the names of several trees and shrubs using the Identifier Atlas. Write them down.
Answer: Birch, poplar, thuja, maple, mountain ash, linden, spruce, pine, aspen.
4. Observe and write down when leaf fall ends: for birches - in October; for lindens - in September; for maples - in September; poplar - in November; aspen - in September; near viburnum - in October.
S. 50-51. Wonderful flower gardens in autumn
3. Identify some fall flower garden plants. Write down their names.
Answer: chrysanthemums, asters, dahlias, rudbeckia, gelenium, ornamental cabbage.
Photo for insertion:
4. Write a story about one of the plants in the fall flower garden.
Dahlia
1. The legend tells how the dahlia flower appeared on the earth. Dahlia appeared on the site of the last fire, which died out with the onset of the ice age. This flower was the first to sprout from the earth after the arrival of warmth to the earth and by its flowering marked the victory of life over death, warmth over cold.
2. In ancient times, dahlia was not as common as it is now. Then she was only the property of the royal gardens. No one had the right to take out or take out a dahlia from the palace garden. A young gardener named Georgy worked in that garden. And he had a beloved, whom he once gave a beautiful flower - a dahlia. He secretly brought out a dahlia sprout from the royal palace and in the spring planted it at the house of his bride. This could not remain a secret, and rumors reached the king that a flower from his garden was now growing outside his palace. The king's anger knew no bounds. By his order, the gardener Georg was seized by the guards and put in prison, from where he was never destined to leave. And since then the dahlia has become the property of all who liked this flower. In honor of the gardener, this flower was named - dahlia.
S. 52-53. Mushrooms
2. Draw a diagram of the structure of the mushroom and sign its parts. Check yourself with the diagram in the tutorial.
The main parts of the mushroom: mycelium, stem, cap.
4. Give other examples of edible and inedible mushrooms using the atlas-determinant From earth to sky (Pleshakov) \u003e\u003e.
Edible mushrooms: butter dish, birch, milk mushrooms, mushrooms, russula.
Inedible mushrooms: fly agaric, gallerina, pig.
Pages 54-55. Six-legged and eight-legged.
1. What are these insects called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.
2. Cut out pictures from the application and make schemes for the transformation of insects. Finish the signatures.
Insect transformation scheme.
Eggs - larva - dragonfly. Eggs - caterpillar - pupa - butterfly.
3. Find an extra drawing in this row and circle it. Explain (verbally) your decision.
Answer: An extra spider. He has 8 legs and he belongs to the arachnids, and the rest in the picture have 6 legs, these are insects.
4. Write a story about the insects you are interested in or about spiders. Use the information from the atlas-determinant, the book "Green Pages!" Or "The Giant in the Glade" (of your choice).
Near our summer cottage, in the forest, there are several large anthills. The ants work all day, collecting seeds and dead animals. And also ants graze aphids. They slap the aphids on the back, and they give off a drop of sweet liquid. This liquid attracts ants. They love sweets.
P. 56-57. Bird secrets
1. What are these birds called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, starling, duck, heron, rook.
Wintering birds: jay, woodpecker, nuthatch, tit, crow, sparrow.
2. Give other examples of migratory and wintering birds. You can use information from the book "Green Pages".
Migratory birds: crane, redstart, sandpiper, thrush, wagtail, wild geese.
Wintering birds: jackdaw, pigeon, bullfinch, magpie.
3. Watch the birds of your city (village). Find out their names using the identifier atlas. Pay attention to the behavior of the birds. Does each bird have its own character? Write your story based on the observation. Draw a picture and stick a photo.
The jay is a forest bird, but recently it can be found more and more often in the city: parks and squares. This is a very beautiful bird. On her wings she has multi-colored feathers, with a blue tint. Jay screams sharply, piercingly. This forest beauty loves to eat acorns, picks up food leftovers, sometimes ruins bird nests and even attacks small birds.
P. 58-59. How different animals prepare for winter.
1. Recognize animals by description. Write down the names.
frog
toad
lizard
snake
2. Color the squirrel and the hare in summer and winter outfits. Draw each animal its natural environment. Explain (verbally) why these animals change their coat color.
The hare is gray in summer, slightly tawny, and by winter it changes its skin to white.
Squirrels come in a variety of colors, from light red to black. In autumn, they also shed, change their fur coat to a thicker and warmer one, but their color does not change significantly.
3. Sign who made these supplies for the winter.
Answer: 1. Squirrel. 2. Mouse.
4. Enter the names of the animals in the text.
On the ground in a hole, a hedgehog makes a small nest from dry foliage, grass, moss. In it, it hibernates until spring. In late autumn, the bear makes a den under a fallen tree and sleeps in it all winter.
S. 60-61. Invisible threads in the autumn forest.
1. How are oak and forest animals related? Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and stick them into the windows of scheme No. 1, and enter the names of the animals in scheme No. 2.
Answer: squirrel, jay, mouse. They feed on the fruits of the oak and live here.
2. Cut out the drawings from the application and stick them in the diagram windows. Within the framework, draw up diagrams with names.
Answer: Squirrels and mice feed on nuts. Rowan is a thrush.
3. Give your example of invisible threads in autumn forest and depict it in the form of a diagram.
Example: a squirrel feeds on a pine tree (eats the seeds of cones) and a woodpecker (eats insects that live in the bark, thereby heals the tree).
4. Look at the photos. Tell (verbally) what invisible threads in the autumn forest they remind you of.
Nuts are reminiscent of squirrels and mice. Acorns - squirrel, jay, mouse. Rowan is a thrush.
S. 62-63. Autumn labor.
1. List what people do in the fall in the house, garden, vegetable garden.
In the house: they insulate the windows, store firewood and coal for the winter, prepare stoves and heating boilers, make seals for the winter.
In the garden: harvest from trees, protect tree trunks from rodents and frost, burn fallen leaves
In the garden: they collect vegetables, send them to storage in the cellar, dig up the beds.
2. Pick and glue a photo of your family's autumn work.
Photo for insertion:
Think and write down what qualities are needed to do this kind of work.
Answer: love for the land, hard work, ability to work with a shovel, hoe, rake, patience, strength.
P. 64-65. Be healthy.
1. Draw what games you like to play in summer and autumn. Instead of drawings, you can glue photographs.
Summer and autumn games: catch-up, tag, hide and seek, football, bouncers, kondals, badminton, for girls - rubber band, classics.
2. Think and write down what qualities develop the games you love to play in summer and fall.
Answer: agility, strength, ingenuity, courage, attentiveness, persistence.
3. Ask the elders in the family to tell about one of the backgammon games in your region. Describe the course of the game together. Give it a name ...
GAME "Tall Oak"
Our grandparents also played this game in Russia, its name has been preserved since the 50s of the last century. One ball is needed to play. Play from 4 to 30 (or more) children.
Everyone is in a circle. One person with a ball is standing inside the circle. He tosses the ball high above him and shouts out the name of one of the players, for example: "Lyuba!" All children (including the one who tossed the ball) scatter. Lyuba must grab the ball and throw it at one of the guys. Whoever is hit is tossing the ball next.
Play until you get bored.
What qualities does this game develop: reaction speed, accuracy, running speed, dexterity.
S. 66-69. Nature protection in autumn.
3. We met these plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia in the 1st grade. Remember their names. Put the numbers in the circles.
4. And here are some more representatives of the Red Book of Russia. Use the tutorial to color them in and label them.
Mushroom ram, water nut, mandarin duck.
5. Write a story about one of the representatives of the Red Book of Russia living in your region.
Example: Atlantic walrus. The habitat of this rare species is the Barents and Kara seas. An adult walrus can reach a length of 4 meters, and the weight of an Atlantic walrus can be about one and a half tons. This type of walrus was almost completely exterminated. Today, thanks to the efforts of specialists, a small increase in the population is recorded, although their exact number cannot yet be determined, since it is extremely difficult to get to the rookeries of these animals without special equipment.
Or we take a story from the page: Reports on animals of the red book \u003e\u003e
Page 70. Autumn walk.
Photo for insertion:
Ecology
It's easy to conclude that the idea of \u200b\u200bairplanes was based on birds - some of the best pilots in the animal kingdom. Over billions of years, animals have succeeded in various tasks through trial and error.
As a result, the area biomimicry, that is, observing nature, its systems and processes in order to draw inspiration for solving human problems, began to develop rapidly.
Here are some examples of how nature has served science:
1. Bulletproof leather
You've probably heard more than once about the amazing properties of the web. It five times the strength of steelinspired the creation of Kevlar. Scientists have tried several methods to recreate the spider silk thread on a large scale through a number of original methods, such as splicing genes that produce spider silk with goat genes to produce spider protein milk... The only problem is that scientists have never been able to produce artificial threads that are as strong as real spider silk. The mass rearing of spiders, as in the case of silkworms, is out of the question, since cannibalism is common among spiders.
Nevertheless, scientists managed to make an incredible achievement - bulletproof leather. By combining spider silk with lab-grown skin, scientists created material that can stop an accelerating bullet... Of course, during testing, the bullet was not fired at full strength, and even if the bullet could be stopped, the impact would lead to the destruction of bones and rupture internal organs... However, in combination with modern body armor, you can create almost perfect protection.
2. Monkeys are the oldest pharmacists
Chimpanzees have evolved to find therapeutic treatments in their natural environment. They were so successful at this that scientists began to observe the habits of chimpanzees to see if they could point out substances that would be useful to humans.
Unfortunately, so far this method only works for chimpanzees, since, for example, what is good for cats can be toxic and useless for humans. Recent research has shown that the genus Vernonia, which chimpanzees gravitate towards during illness, are effective in fighting many types of bacteria that are harmful to humans. The best part is that the drugs resulting from this discovery will be virtually free of side effects.
3. Termites are amazing architects
Termites have been very successful in the construction of their buildings. In parts of Africa, their 2-3 meter termite mounds decorate the landscape like an eerie graveyard for giants. And although this height may not seem impressive to you, in relation to the size of the termite itself, these hills are like a giant skyscraper. And at the same time, these workers work in conditions of unbearable heat.
Scientists and architects, impressed by the genius of the termites, began to analyze the structure of termite mounds and simulate shopping center Eastgate in Zimbabwe. What is special about this building? Despite being in a country where daytime temperatures rise above 40 degrees, it remains relatively cool. Its unique design inspired by termites, efficiently absorbs and releases excess heat and consumes only 10 percent of the energy compared to similar buildings.
4. Solar panels based on leaves
For billions of years, plants have converted sunlight into energy. Compared with solar panelsmade by humans, solar cells of plants are durable, made from inexpensive materials and there are many of them. Scientists have been struggling for years to create more efficient, inexpensive solar panels.
One of the most promising studies in this regard is batteries that are made to resemble leaves
A team of scientists from University of North Carolina have developed "artificial leaves", which are a gel-filled bag filled with special chemicals and plant particles, including some chlorophyll.
They have made the molecules in the gel generate a weak electrical current and hope to further improve the efficiency of their device.
5. Self-cleaning surfaces
Leaves are essentially a window through which the plant receives energy. A dirty window will allow less energy to pass through, depriving the plant of important nutrients. This is why the surface of most leaves, although it seems smooth, is in fact covered with almost microscopic grooves... At the same time, dust and dirt cannot resist and accumulate in these grooves, after which the rain washes away everything unnecessary.
As soon as people took a closer look at the structure of the leaf, they were able to recreate this technology to create self-cleaning paint... Simulating elevations and dimples on the sheet, this paint keeps the surface clean and, moreover, creates an unfavorable environment for bacteria and fungi, reducing microbial levels by 90 percent. Many companies are now working to create self-cleaning glass and concrete.
6. Sinks as a solution to global warming
Typically all disasters environment caused by a lack of something, such as a lack of clean water, habitat or animals. Global warming, however, is the result of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
At the same time, the solution to the problem can be quite simple if we turn to the nature of mother.
The researchers noticed that the shells are composed of calcium carbonate, in other words carbon dioxide plus calcium plus oxygen molecules. So the researchers concluded that carbon dioxide can be easily converted into something that can be easily separated. Observing the clams, they found a way to convert harmful carbon dioxide into solid carbonate... Unlike the already existing expensive carbon dioxide neutralizers, such a solid carbonate can be use and how construction material , which will pay for the entire system over time.
7. Bees are great stewards
At first glance, bees are very simple creatures. They spend most of the day helping flowers to pollinate, and sometimes stinging someone and dying. But for some unknown reason a swarm of hundreds of thousands of bees can work as an intelligent whole, despite the fact that no single bee is able to see beyond its own task or generate complex thoughts. Millions of pollen collecting missions are organized and completed like clockwork.
Thus, the idea, first formulated in 1989, is that, with the correct algorithm, a group of narrow-minded individuals who do not have knowledge of common system, nevertheless, will be able to exercise its powers. So people at the head of a large complex and uncontrollable system began to understand the usefulness of Swarm intelligence and recently applied it to control electrical loads with minimal human intervention.
8. Aquaporin as a great water filter
Aquaporin is a class of proteins found in cell membranes. Their main function is to regulate the flow of water in and out of the cage. This is an absolutely necessary function, as too much water can cause the cell to burst, and too little can cause the cell to shrink. It is also important to maintain the necessary balance of various ions and solutes for correct work cells. Especially well aquaporins manage to pass water from and into the cage, not allowing anything extra to pass.
So scientists were able to recreate the structure of aquaporins for use in water filtration. If this project is successful, then aquaporin membranes will become fast, relatively cheap water filtration devicethat can filter anything. In addition, they will be able to deminerate water, which today is an expensive and energy-intensive process.
9. Beetles solve the problem of water scarcity
If we talk about water, then, of course, its filtration is a necessary and useful thing, but what if you do not have water? The beetles of the Namib Desert are the key to the answer. The exoskeleton of the beetle has an ingenious system for collecting moisture in an arid region, in which a little more than 1 cm of precipitation falls per year.
This unique system, which retains moisture from the air, provides the beetle with the moisture it needs to function.
Scientists quickly jumped on the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a similar system for places with limited access to water, and created a surface that, combined with a special material can keep water out of the air just like desert beetles. This will greatly benefit places like Western Sahara, where water is scarce and needs to be transported from desalination plants on the coast.
10. Shark skin as a disinfectant
Much the same as with self-cleaning paint, the spiked surface of shark skin creates an environment that is unfavorable for various microbes... Basically, pests have nowhere to hide, and movement on the surface damages them.
Scientists have been able to recreate this structure on adhesive tape, which they hope to apply in schools, hospitals and other places where dangerous microbes live.
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Brilliant inventions, great discoveries and breakthroughs in science were made only through the observation of nature. Her creations are different maximum efficiency, impeccable precision and economy of resources. And many of the things we use every day were invented long before us.
website collected for you 10 of the most interesting inventions that we spied on nature.
There is nothing cleaner than shark skin
Sharks are some of the cleanest creatures on the planet. Their skin is covered with many teeth. The coating of the teeth repels dangerous microbes and fungal infections. Scientists have copied the structure of shark skin on a film that has been used in hospitals, schools and places where dangerous microbes live.
Geckos control gravity
Geckos' feet are covered with tiny hairs that allow them to walk on literally any surface.
When people learned the "secret" of geckos, a glue was created that can withstand a weight of 315 kg. And the Velcro window gloves used by high-altitude climbers and astronauts work on the same principle as the legs of geckos.
Cats see in the dark
Remember how cats' eyes glow in the dark? In truth, they reflect light, which allows them to see better at night. After people noticed this, a reflective coating was invented, which was applied to road signs Worldwide.
The humpback whale is very agile
Despite their weight and size, whales are very agile creatures. While studying whales, scientists noticed bumps in the front of their fin, which allow them to cut through the water column like a hot knife of butter.
Based on this discovery, engineers changed the blades of wind generators and were able to obtain 20% more power. Later, the same technology was used in the structure of aircraft and helicopters, increasing the flight speed.
Lotus self-cleaning
If you dip the lotus in dirty water, there will be no dirt left on it. Its petals are covered with nano-hairs, along which drops roll, washing away all the dirt.
Scientists have developed a self-cleaning paint with a lotus effect. Nowadays, buildings and premises in hospitals are coated with this paint so that dust, bacteria and mold do not settle on them.
Desert beetles know how to get water
The beetles of the Nami Desert know how to extract water, even if there is none at all. Their carapace has an ingenious system for collecting water directly from the air. This ability inspired engineers to create a material that extracts moisture from the air and provides the driest regions. drinking water... At the same time, the technology remains very cheap.
The birds are silent
In 1964, the Japanese created a "bullet train" that traveled at 190 km / h, but had one very unpleasant effect. When leaving the tunnel, the train pushed out a wall of air and a deafening bang was heard, which frightened the passengers.
Then the engineers changed the shape of the frontal part of the train, borrowing it from birds that fished, plunging into the water quietly and without splashing. This solution eliminated sound, increased speed by 10% and reduced power consumption by 15%.
Termites are brilliant architects
The very first air conditioners created termites. These insects build nests up to 3 meters high and work in unbearable heat.
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