Reserves, production and consumption of oil by country of the world. EU oil dependence and oil imports by country The largest countries oil exporters

The global proven oil reserves (as of 2015) account for 1657.4 billion barrels. The largest reserves of oil - 18.0% of all world stocks - are located on the territory of Venezuela. Proven oil reserves in the given country are 298.4 billion barrels. Saudi Arabia is the second largest oil reserves in the world. The volume of its proven reserves is about 268.3 billion barrels of oil (16.2% of global). Proven oil reserves in Russia account for approximately 4.8% of the world - about 80.0 billion barrels, in the USA - 36.52 billion barrels (2.2% global).

Oil reserves in the countries of the world (as of 2015), barrels

Production and consumption of oil by country

The world leader in oil production is Russia - 10.11 million Barr. / Day, in second place Saudi Arabia - 9.735 million barrel. / Day. The world leader in oil consumption is the USA - 19.0 million barrels / day, in second place China - 10.12 million barrels / day.

Oil production by the countries of the world (as of 2015), Barr. / Day

data http://www.globalfirepower.com/

Oil consumption in the countries of the world (as of 2015), Barr. / Day

data http://www.globalfirepower.com/

Experts of the International Energy Agency (IEA) expect that global oil demand will grow by 1.4 million barrels / day in 2016 to 96.1 million barrels / day. In 2017, according to forecasts, global demand will reach 97.4 million barrels / day.

World Export and Import of Oil

Leaders for the import of oil are currently US - 7.4 million barrels / day and China - about 6.7 million barrels / day. Leaders in exports are Saudi Arabia - 7.2 million barrels / day and Russia 4.9 million barrels / day.

Export volume by the countries of the world in 2015

a place	country	export volume, barrel / day	change,% by 2014
1	Saudi Arabia	7163,3	1,1
2	Russia	4897,5	9,1
3	Iraq	3004,9	19,5
4	UAE	2441,5	-2,2
5	Canada	2296,7	0,9
6	Nigeria	2114,0	-0,3
7	Venezuela	1974,0	0,5
8	Kuwait	1963,8	-1,6
9	Angola.	1710,9	6,4
10	Mexico	1247,1	2,2
11	Norway	1234,7	2,6
12	Iran	1081,1	-2,5
13	Oman	788,0	-2,0
14	Colombia	736,1	2,0
15	Algeria	642,2	3,1
16	Great Britain	594,7	4,2
17	USA	458,0	30,5
18	Ecuador	432,9	2,5
19	Malaysia	365,5	31,3
20	Indonesia	315,1	23,1

oPEC data

The volume of imports by country of the world in 2015

a place	country	import volume, barrel / day	change,% by 2014
1	USA	7351,0	0,1
2	China	6730,9	9,0
3	India	3935,5	3,8
4	Japan	3375,3	-2,0
5	South Korea	2781,1	12,3
6	Germany	1846,5	2,2
7	Spain	1306,0	9,6
8	Italy	1261,6	16,2
9	Phraration	1145,8	6,4
10	Netherlands	1056,5	10,4
11	Thailand	874,0	8,5
12	Great Britain	856,2	-8,9
13	Singapore	804,8	2,6
14	Belgium	647,9	-0,3
15	Canada	578,3	2,6
16	Turkey	505,9	43,3
17	Greece	445,7	6,0
18	Sweden	406,2	7,5
19	Indonesia	374,4	-2,3
20	Australia	317,6	-28,0

oPEC data

How many years there is enough oil reserves?

Oil refers to non-renewable resources. Proved oil reserves (for 2015) account for approximately 224 billion tons (1657.4 billion barrels), alleged - 40-200 billion tons (300-1500 billion barrels).

The global exploited oil reserves were estimated at the beginning of 1973 at 77 billion tons (570 billion barrels). Thus, in the past, the explored reserves grew (oil consumption is also growing - over the past 40 years it has grown from 20.0 to 32.4 billion barrels per year). However, since 1984, the annual volume of world oil production exceeds the volume of exploited oil reserves.

The global oil production in 2015 was about 4.4 billion tons per year, or 32.7 billion barrels per year. Thus, with the current rate of consumption, proven oil reserves, it is enough for about 50 years, alleged reserves - another 10-50 years.

Oil market in the USA

As of 2015, the United States imported approximately 39% of the total oil consumption and 61% mined themselves. The main countries of oil exporters in the United States are Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Mexico, Nigeria, Iraq, Norway, Angola and the United Kingdom. Approximately 30% of oil imported in the US and 15% of the total oil consumption in the United States - Oil of Arabic origin.

According to experts, strategic oil reserves in the United States currently account for more than 695 million barrels, and the commercial oil reserves are about 520 million barrels. For comparison in Japan, strategic oil reserves account for about 300 million barrels, and in Germany - about 200 million barrels.

Oil production in the United States from non-traditional sources in 2008-2012 increased approximately five times, making up almost 2.0 million barrels per day by the end of 2012. By the beginning of 2016, the 7 largest shale oil basins were already given about 5.0 million barrels daily. The average share of shale oil, or as it is often called, light oil from dense reservoirs, in the total oil production in 2016 amounted to 36% (compared with 16% in 2012).

The extraction of traditional crude oil in the United States (including condensate) was 8.6 million barrels in 2015. / day, which is 1.0 million barrels / day less than in 2012. The total amount of oil production in the United States, including shale, in 2015 amounted to more than 13.5 million barrels / day. Most of the growth over the past years was due to an increase in oil production in northern Dakota, Texas and New Mexico, where the technologies of the formation of the formation (hydraulic fracturing) and horizontal drilling for the production of oil from shale formation were used.

In percentage terms (an increase of 16.2% compared with the previous year), 2014 was the best for more than six decades. An annual increase in oil production regularly exceeded 15% in the first half of the 20th century, but these changes were less in absolute terms, because production levels were significantly lower than they are now. Oil production in the United States grew in each of the previous six years. This tendency followed the period from 1985 to 2008, in which oil production fell within each year (with the exception of one year). In 2015, oil production growth in the United States has suspended due to a sharp drop in oil prices in the second half of 2014.

According to the latest estimates of the IEA, the production of traditional oil in the United States in 2016 will be 8.61 million barrels / day, in 2017 - 8.2 million barrels / day. The demand for oil in the United States in 2016 will be an average of 19.6 million barrels / day. The forecast of the average oil price for 2016 is increased to $ 43.57 per barrel, for 2017 - up to $ 52.15 per barrel.

Development of oil fields began to be carried out at the end of the XIX century. Over time, the need for humanity in hydrocarbons only grew. This allowed some states in whose territory there are a large number of mineral data reserves, turn oil exports to the main article of their income.

Oil mining in the first half of the twentieth century

Of particular interest to the global oil reserves from large states began to appear in the period between the two world wars - hydrocarbons were extremely important for militarization and modernization in industry. It is at this time that the largest deposits on the territory of the Soviet Union, the Middle East, North Africa and Latin America are opening.

During the Second World War, oil production has only increased, as it was vital for the warring parties as raw materials for the production of fuel and lubricants for military equipment. Such an excitement made it possible to finally outline the circle of countries, which in the postwar period became the largest exporters of hydrocarbons.

The largest exporters of oil

Since the 1960s, the main global oil exporters are considered:

Libya and Algeria. Possess the most rich oil reserves in North Africa. Total mining about 2.5 million barrels daily (Libya - 1 million, Algeria - 1.5 million);
Angola. It occupies the main positions in the extraction and sale of hydrocarbons in the territory of South and Central Africa. The daily volume of exports is 1.7 million barrels;
Nigeria. The main exporter of oil in West Africa (more than 2 million barrels per day);
Kazakhstan. Daily export volume - 1.4 million barrels;
Canada and Venezuela. Leaders in oil production in North and South America, respectively (the daily rate of production is approximately 1.5 million barrels for each state);
Norway. The main European exporter, which daily produces 1.7 million barrels;
The countries of the Persian Gulf (Qatar, Iran, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait). The total volume of day exports is 11 million barrels;
Russia (7 million barrels per day);
Saudi Arabia, which occupies a leading position in the ranking of the largest exporters of oil - about 8.5 million barrels daily (until 1991, the leader was the Soviet Union, in the era of his heyday mined up to 9 million barrels per day).

It should be noted that the rapid development of oil fields led to a significant reduction in hydrocarbon data reserves. According to experts, with existing rates of oil deposits, it is enough for approximately 50 years (according to some forecasts - for 70 years).

OPEC

OPEC is an intergovernmental organization of states that occupy leading positions in the extraction and export of oil. Today it includes 14 countries representing 3 continents:

Africa (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Libya, Angola, Algeria);
Asia, or rather her southwestern part (Kuwait, Iran, UAE, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar);
Latin America (Ecuador and Venezuela).

The main decisions on the follow-up activities of the OPEC member states are accepted on:

meetings of ministers responsible for energy and oil production. The agenda mainly concerns the analysis and forecast of the development of the oil market in the near future;
conferences in which all the management of the participating countries takes place. On them, as a rule, decisions are discussed about changing production rates due to market fluctuations.

Based on this, it is possible to allocate the main task of OPEC - this is the regulation of oil production quotas, as well as balancing prices for hydrocarbons. For this reason, by many specialists, this intergovernmental organization is considered as a kind of cartel.

The monopolization of the OPEC oil market is confirmed by different numbers. According to the calculations, at the moment the states within the organization are controlled by approximately 33% of world oil reserves. Their share in the global hydrocarbon production is 35%. Thus, the total proportion of exports of OPEC states exceeds 50% of the world.

This is stated in a Press release of BP, dedicated to the publication of the annual statistical review of the company. Last year, 540.7 million tons of oil and condensate were produced in Russia. 254.7 million tons of crude oil and 150.1 million tons of petroleum products took exports, a representative of the company explained. In total, this figure is greater than the Saudi Arabia, he added. Data on the export of oil and petroleum products from Saudi Arabia in the report are not disclosed. I did not do this and the representative of BP. But the report states that oil production in the country has grown to a record 568.5 million tons, while domestic consumption amounted to 168.1 million tons. The difference is obtained, amounted to 400.4 million tons.

Exports from Russia increased due to an increase in the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons when reducing the volume of processing, explains the consultant Vygon Consulting Daria Kozlov. The extraction was influenced by tax stimulation measures against new fields in a number of regions and a favorable price situation, the director of the Moscow Oil and Gas Center Ey Denis Borisov notes. According to him, 2015 was the first for more than 10 years when recycling in Russia declined. First of all, this is due to the decrease in the customs subsidy due to the fall in the price of oil, continues Kozlov. Companies more profitable to export crude oil than to process. At the same time, the main export petroleum product in Russia is a fuel oil, which is cheaper than crude oil, clarifies Borisov.

The Ministry of Energy explains the growth of exports by the same factors. Internal oil consumption in Russia decreased by 5.2% due to the decline in the economy, considers BP.

The greatest increase in imports in the world last year was provided by Europe (bought 488.1 million tons of oil and 184 million tons of petroleum products) and China (335.8 million and 69.5 million tons). Russia remains the leading supplier of oil and gas to Europe, providing 37 and 35% of European consumption, according to BP. Europe last year received 158.5 million tons of oil and 88.9 million tons of petroleum products, China - 42.4 million and 3.8 million tons. Focus on Asia - the main trend for Russian exporters in the last few years, the share of deliveries to the East Growing, Senior Analytics "Aton" Alexander Kornilov says. Pioneer here he calls Rosneft - she has long-term contracts with CNPC.

But this year, Rosneft plans to increase oil supplies to European consumers on the Friendship pipeline by 3-5% to about 28.7-29 million tons, clarified the company's representative. "At the same time, the company is actively working with partners from the APR: according to the results of 2015, the volume of oil supplies in this direction increased by 18.5% compared with 2014 to 39.7 million tons," he adds. Last year, Gazprom Neft exported 9.58 million tons of oil into foreign countries and 2.46 million tons in the CIS, a representative of the company. Representatives of LUKOIL and Surgutneftegaz did not respond to the calls of Vedomosti, the representative of Bashneft was unavailable for journalists.

OPEC, Russia and other manufacturers are in the midst of joint efforts to compulsitively overbalance the oil market, and in recent weeks prices rise to maxima in two and a half years.

However, with constant strong exports of oil that reduces market moods, CNBC considers 10 leading global oil exporters.

Oil production and its auxiliary activities account for approximately 45 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Angola and about 95 percent of its exports.

After joining OPEC in 2007, Angola became the sixth largest oil exporter in the cartel.

9. Nigeria

Nigeria, the most densely populated country in OPEC, is the largest exporter and oil producer in Africa.

8. Venezuela

According to OPEC, in 2016, Venezuela, a member of the founder of the cartel consisting of 14 members, exported about 1.9 million barrels per day in 2016.

Although the South American country boasts the largest oil reserves in the world, it is currently in full swing of a full-scale crisis. The ongoing riots were caused by many years of economic inactivity, additionally, the decline has made a three-year decline in oil prices. Venezuela experienced a shortage of food, strong inflation and violent street clashes, as President Nicolas Maduro pays priority to pay international loans.

For income from oil accounts for approximately 95 percent of the country's export receipts.

President Donald Trump threatened to stop the international nuclear contract with Iran, and if the US Congress agrees, Tehran can receive new sanctions, which will affect the ability of international companies to deal with rich oil countries.

According to OPEC estimates, in 2016, Kuwait exported more than 2.1 million barrels per day.

The share of the oil and gas sector of the OPEC member country accounts for about 60 percent of the country's GDP, as well as 95 percent of export revenues.

5. United Arab Emirates

According to OPEC data, the United Arab Emirates exported almost 2.5 million barrels per day in 2016.

Approximately 40 percent of the country's GDP directly depends on the extraction of oil and gas. A country that consists of seven emirates along the Arabian Peninsula, joined OPEC in 1967.

Canada exports just over 3.2 million barrels per day, according to the latest data published by World Factbook.

A country that is not a member of OPEC, exported almost as much as two leading exporters in Africa. Canada ranks third in the world in oil reserves.

OPEC and Russian officials called on some leading global oil producers, both inside and outside the cartel, to form a consensus and maintain the mechanism for limiting deliveries until the end of 2018.

And although Iraq is the second largest producer and exporter of oil in OPEC countries, Baghdad has not yet reduced production to the level that he agreed last winter.

Iraq exported 3.8 million barrels per day in 2016, according to data published by OPEC.

2. Russia

Moscow and OPECs seek to reduce oil production to clear the global excess of supply from January. The goal is to reduce global oil reserves and exhaust excess, which reduced prices over the past three years.

1. Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the world's leading exporter and the second largest oil producer. According to data published on the cartel website, OPEC leader exported 7.5 million barrels per day in 2016.

The successor of the Kingdom on the throne ordered the arrest of powerful royal princes and businessmen in early November, these officials called anti-corruption.

Some believe that extraordinary cleaning is the attempt by Mohammed Bin Smanan to strengthen his power, eliminating potential rivals. And this may mean political uncertainty, tensions and, possibly, unrest, which were not previously observed in the history of the largest OPEC oil producer.