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Daniel Defoe. Background of the Author. Daniel Defoe has been called the father of journalism. To many of his contemporaries, he was a man who sold his pen to the political party in office and so lacking integrity.

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Daniel Defoe has been called the father of journalism. To many of his contemporaries, he was a man who sold his pen to the political party in office and so lacking integrity. He was a Puritan, the son of a butcher, and a suspected government spy (this suspicion was confirmed in the nineteenth century). Defoe was not a gentleman born or raised though he aspired to be one and changed his name from Foe to Defoe and bought a coach.

Attention in the twentieth century, and his works have been subjected to modern interpretations, e.g., Marxist, psychoanalytic, feminist, and postcturalist.

With six printings in four months, Robinson Crusoe was a popular and financial success in 1719. Because of Robinson Crusoe "s success and of its universal appeal, the novel continued to be published for over two centuries. It has been packaged as a picture book with little or no text; this degradation was consistent with a tendency to view it as a children "s book, a fate it shared with Gulliver" s Travels.

Robinson Crusoe has made a profound impression on readers as well as on whole cultures. Samuel Johnson, a demanding critic, gave it the highest praise, "Was there ever yet any thing written by mere man that was wished longer by its readers, excepting Don Quixote, Robinson Crusoe, and the Pilgrim" s Progress? "(1776) ...

Teaches all that books can teach. According to John Robert Moore, Crusoe created not only a new literary form (the novel), but also a new reading public.

The thrill of adventure lures us into identifying with Crusoe and his triumph over mishaps, particularly since the specific details of Defoe "s portrayal make his experiences real for us. English readers often see Crusoe as the typical Englishman – manly, self-reliant, courageous , heroic, and resourceful. This narrow chauvinistic response excludes all non-English readers, yet Crusoe transcends national, religious, and cultural boundaries.

Representative of humanity in general; neither his intellectual nor his moral qualities set him above the middle degree of mankind .... "He is" the universal representative, the person for whom every reader could substitute himself. Industrialization has cut off modern men from simple tasks; we no longer know the whole process of basic activities, like growing wheat, milling flour, and baking bread. This was true in Defoe "s time also. So the details of Crusoe" s everyday life fascinate us, as we watch him recreate civilization alone.

Inescapable solitariness of each man in his relation to God and the universe. “In writing Crusoe, Defoe created a character who speaks to something deep in the human psyche and essential to the human condition.

Crusoe can be assimilated into diverse cultures, that the meanings assigned him change to reflect changes in a society, that he can be given conflicting meanings, and that he reaches into the private souls of individuals. It is these qualities that make Crusoe a mythic or an archetypal figure.

Myth: Myth originates in the effort of primitive people to explain some practice, belief, institution, or natural happening. Myths are anonymous and accepted as true. "Broadly speaking myths and mythologies seek to rationalize and explain the universe and all that is in it. Thus, they have a similar function to science, theology, religion and history in modern societies" (Bernard Doyle, Encyclopedia Mythica).

Who sets the pattern for similar beings, for example, Frankenstein (monster) or Hercules (hero). (2) A basic concept in Jungian psychology, the archetype is a pattern of thought or an image which is passed down from one generation to the other, a process which Jung called the "psychic residua of numberless experiences of the same type." The collective unconscious thus holds the same images as humanity "s primitive ancestors, like the good mother, the wise man, the magician, the vampire, and the monster Archetypes appear in myths, religion, literature, art, and fairy tales of most societies .Common archetypes are the death-rebirth motif, going to the sea, the fatal woman, Cinderella-stories, and the sacrificial hero or god.

Day 1 Introduction Day 2 Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, pp. xv-67Overview of Daniel DefoeOverview of Robinson CrusoeThe Sources of Robinson CrusoeAlexander Selkirk Day 3 (W, Sept. 11) Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, pp. 68-121 Puritanism Increase Mather, Remarkable Providences Day 4 (T, Sept. 17) Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, pp. 122-188 Day 5 (W, Sept. 18) Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, pp. 189-261 Religion in Robinson CrusoeWeb paper due (1-2 pages) Day 6 (M, Sept. 23) Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, pp. 262-29 Robinson Crusoe as Economic Man

Daniel Defoe

Man is at least a short-sighted creature, especially when he himself undertakes to assert that he is happy, or believes that he can live by his own mind.

Defoe Daniel

The future writer was born on April 26, 1660 in the English city of Bristol, where his father, James Fo, had a small trading business. Fictional nobility and ancient (supposedly Norman) origin, later invented by Daniel, gave the right to join the common people "Fo" - the "De" particle. Later, the future writer will call himself "Mr. De Fo", and the continuous spelling of the surname will occur even later. The family coat of arms, composed by Daniel Defoe, will consist of three ferocious griffins against a background of red and gold lilies, and next to it is the Latin motto, which reads: "Worthy of praise and proud."

The future writer was born on April 26, 1660 in the English city of Bristol, where his father, James Fo, had a small trading business. Fictional nobility and ancient (supposedly Norman) origin, later invented by Daniel, gave the right to join the common people "Fo" - the "De" particle. Later, the future writer will call himself "Mr. De Fo", and the continuous spelling of the surname will occur even later. The family coat of arms, composed by Daniel Defoe, will consist of three ferocious griffins against a background of red and gold lilies, and next to it is the Latin motto, which reads: "Worthy of praise and proud."
When Defoe was twelve years old, he was sent to school, where he stayed until the age of sixteen. His father tried to give his only son education, thanks to which he could become a priest. Daniel was educated in a closed educational institution, which bore the name of Newington Academy. It was something like a seminary, where they taught not only theology, but also a fairly wide range of subjects - geography, astronomy, history, foreign languages. It was there that the boy's abilities were noticed. Daniel not only immediately became the first foreign languages, but also turned out to be a very talented polemicist.
Upon leaving Newington Academy, he became a salesman for a merchant who promised in a few years to make Daniel a participant in his business. Daniel fulfilled his duties in good faith, he toured Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Holland. However, he soon got tired of trading, although it brought good profits.

Defoe was sent to Scotland on a diplomatic mission to pave the way for the unification of Scotland with England. He turned out to be a talented diplomat and brilliantly fulfilled the task entrusted to him. For this, Defoe even had to write a book on economics, in which he substantiated the economic benefits of the future unification.

Defoe was sent to Scotland on a diplomatic mission to pave the way for the unification of Scotland with England. He turned out to be a talented diplomat and brilliantly fulfilled the task entrusted to him. For this, Defoe even had to write a book on economics, in which he substantiated the economic benefits of the future unification.
After the accession to the English throne of the House of Hanover, Daniel Defoe wrote another poisonous article, for which the parliament awarded him a huge fine and imprisonment. This punishment made him permanently abandon political activities and devote himself exclusively to fiction.
His first novel about the adventures of Robinson, the full title of which is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for twenty-eight years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died, with a description of his unexpected release by pirates, written by himself "- Defoe wrote at the age of 59

The first edition of "Robinson Crusoe" was published in London on April 25, 1719 without the name of the author. Defoe passed this work off as a manuscript left by the hero of the story himself. The writer went to this rather out of necessity than out of calculation. The book promised a good sale, and Defoe was, of course, interested in its material success. However, he realized that his name as a journalist who writes poignant publicistic articles and pamphlets would rather damage the success of the book than draw attention to it. Therefore, at first, he hid his authorship, waiting until the book gained unprecedented fame.

The first edition of "Robinson Crusoe" was published in London on April 25, 1719 without the name of the author. Defoe passed this work off as a manuscript left by the hero of the story himself. The writer went to this rather out of necessity than out of calculation. The book promised a good sale, and Defoe was, of course, interested in its material success. However, he realized that his name as a journalist who writes poignant publicistic articles and pamphlets would rather damage the success of the book than draw attention to it. Therefore, at first, he hid his authorship, waiting until the book gained unprecedented fame.
The popularity of the novel was so great that the writer released a continuation of the story of his hero, and a year later he added to it a story about Robinson's journey to Russia. Other novels followed Robinson's novels - The Adventures of Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Notes of a Plague Year, Colonel Jacques and Roxanne. Currently, his numerous works are known only to a narrow circle of specialists, but "Robinson Crusoe", read as in large European centers, and in the most remote corners of the globe, continues to be reprinted in a huge number of copies. "Robinson Crusoe" is the brightest example of the so-called adventurous nautical genre, the first manifestations of which can be found in English literature of the 16th century. The development of this genre, reaching its maturity in the 18th century, is due to the development of British commercial capitalism.

By the end of his life, he found himself alone. Defoe lived out his days in the countryside. The children left - the sons traded in the City, the daughters are married. Defoe himself lived in the well-known slums of London.

By the end of his life, he found himself alone. Defoe lived out his days in the countryside. The children left - the sons traded in the City, the daughters are married. Defoe himself lived in the well-known slums of London.
He died on April 24, 1731 at the age of 70. The compassionate Miss Brox, the mistress of the house where Dafoe lived, buried him with her own money. The newspapers dedicated to him short obituaries, mostly of a mocking nature, in the most flattering of which he was honored to be called "one of the greatest citizens of the Republic of Grub Street", that is, London street, where the then scribblers and rhyming writers huddled. A white tombstone was placed on Defoe's grave. Over the years, it overgrown, and it seemed that the memory of Daniel Defoe - a free citizen of the city of London - was covered with the grass of oblivion.
More than a hundred years have passed. And the time of judgment, which the writer feared so much, receded before his great creations. When Christian World magazine in 1870 asked the "boys and girls of England" to send money for the construction of a granite monument at Dafoe's grave (the old slab was split by lightning), thousands of admirers, including adults, responded to this call. In the presence of the descendants of the great writer, a granite monument was unveiled, on which was carved: “In memory of the author of“ Robinson Crusoe ”.

Thank you for the attention!

Prototype
In 1712, a book by the English captain was printed in London
Rogers
"A Journey Around the World", which told about an incident that happened on January 31, 1709: "... We approached the island
Juan Fernandez
... Our boat brought to the ship a man in goat skins that looked wilder than their true owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander
Selkirk
».
Returning to their homeland,
Selkirk
declared: "Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days ..."

The geographical position of the islands
Island
Alexandra
Selkirka

9. Whom did Robinson take with him when he left the island?

1. A cat and a dog.
2. Friday and the parrot.
3. Friday and the dog.
Friday and parrot
.

Born under the name
Daniel

Foe
about 1660 in
Cripplegate
... Died April 26, 1731
Moorfields
... His father was a butcher. Around 1703 Daniel changed his surname to Defoe.

4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first set out on a sea voyage?
18 years
What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?
In the first three years he wore
shirt and trousers,
then sewed myself clothes
from the skins of the slain
them animals
What did Robinson come up with so as not to lose track of time?
He put up the post and did
knife notches
Daniel Defoe. Aphorisms
It's never too late to get smart.
There is something comforting in every position, if you look well.
A good counselor can bring a person back to life, he instills courage in the weak-minded and awakens in the human mind the ability to do the right thing.
In moments of hesitation, boldly follow the suggestion of your inner voice, if you hear it, at least, apart from this voice, nothing prompted you to do as it advises you.
What absurd decisions a person does not come to under the influence of fear! Fear takes away from us the ability to dispose of the means that the mind offers us to help.
A person does not have enough wisdom to calm down on what has been achieved.
The highest degree of human wisdom is the ability to adapt to circumstances and remain calm despite external thunderstorms.
Fear is an illness that relaxes the soul, just as a physical illness relaxes the body.
Bankruptcy
Defoe married Mary in 1684
Taffley
who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £ 3,700.
For some time, Defoe could be considered a relatively wealthy man, but in 1692 both his wife's dowry and his own savings were swallowed up by bankruptcy, which cost 17 thousand pounds.
History
Alexandra
Selkirka
History
Robinson Crusoe
1. Born in 1711
year.
1. Born in 1632.
2. Born in Largo (Scotland).
2. Born in York (England).
3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.
3. After the capture
was sold into slavery by pirates, fled after a few years.
4 set sail as a boatswain
for gold.
4.
He set out on a voyage as a co-owner of the ship for the slaves.
5. I got to the island on my own
will because of the enmity with the captain of the ship.
5. I got to the island after a shipwreck.
6.
He lived on the island for 4.5 years.
6. Lived on the island for 28 years.
7. Was rescued by an accidentally entered ship.
7. Was rescued by a hijacked ship
pirates (helped the captain to take possession of his ship again).
8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.
8.
He became a wealthy man and decided to stay in England.
3. How many volumes does the book about Robinson Crusoe consist of?
from three volumes:
1st - 1719,
2nd - 1719, - "Further adventures of R. Crusoe",
3rd - 1720 - "R. Crusoe's Serious Reflections".

7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot in the first place?

1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you go? "
2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home".
3. "We will return home."
“Poor, poor Robinson.
Where did you go? "
How did Robinson transport things to the island?
Robinson built a raft
Daniel Defoe
(about 1660-1731)
This name is among the best writers not only in England, but probably all over the world.
Trader and traveler, adviser to kings and governments, secret agent in England and Scotland, father of many children and a rich man, he was repeatedly persecuted by the authorities, several times he was put on a pillory
and even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system
.
Robinson Crusoe Island (old name of Robinson Crusoe Island - island
Mac
-a-
Tierra
)

The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located
667 kilometers away
west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.
First of all
«
Robinson Crusoe "is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and fled
from
parent
at home
in order to entrust your fate to the game of chances, which were associated with dangerous travel on land
and
sea.
twelve
How many trips on the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?
Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe
In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.
For some time he traded in Spain, traveled a lot in Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of the hosiery production, then first the manager, and then the owner of the brick and tile factory.
It is known that in the period before 1685 on the way between
Harwich
and Holland Defoe was taken prisoner by the Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.
"Adventures
Robinson Crusoe "
One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe "The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe".
The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , outlining his unexpected release by the pirates, written by himself "
First edition of the novel.
Left engraving by Clarke and
Pine
,
redrawn by Jean
Granville
in 1840
Illustrations for the novel
2. Who was the prototype for Robinson Crusoe?
(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander
Selkirk
who lived on a desert island
Mas a Tierra
, which is 400 kilometers from Chile, is more than four years old.)
8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?
1 Saturday.
2. Monday.
3. Friday.
3. Friday.
10. How many years did you live
on the island of R. Crusoe?

1.28 years old.
2.32 years old.
3.15 years old.
28 years.
Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?
On the tree.
He was afraid of beasts of prey
Education
He studied at the J. Fisher School in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.
Alexander
Selkirk

was born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy seaside corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where from an early age he had to help the elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly attracted to the "Red Lion" tavern, located not far from their house. The experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fabulous countries and saw various wonders there.
Illustrations
to the novel
Illustrations
to the novel
6. What kind of animals did you take
from R. Crusoe's ship?
1.Two cats and a dog.
2. Guinea pigs.
3. Parrot
.
Two cats and a dog
What kind of dishes did Robinson use?
clay
Tomb of Daniel Defoe
The famous novel "Life, Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" was written by Dafoe at the age of 58 and was released on April 25, 1719. The book was sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.
A novel about Robinson
Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.
Moderatomoderatorr
("The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. Who lived twenty-eight years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the river
Orinoco where
it was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died. excluding him alone, with a description of his unexpected release by the pirates, written by himself ")
How many boats did Robinson Crusoe build?
Two
Parents' dream
Father decided to make a son
religious preacher
Defoe - editor
Defoe began to edit "
Rivue
» («
Review
»), A periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in “
Rivue
Are best known.
In 1719, without stopping active journalistic work, Defoe began to engage in prose.
It is no secret that Dafoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons and then Earl of Oxford Robert
Harley
.
Defoe died in London on April 26, 1731.
Alexander
Selkirk
In October 1704
Selkirk
after a quarrel with the captain of the galleon
Cinque

Ports
was landed on a deserted island
Mas a Tierra
or
Aquas

Buenas
(now named after Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Archipelago
Fernandez
in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers off the coast of Chile.
Alexander
Selkirk
Alexander

Selkirk
(1676-1721)

A novel about Robinson
Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe has turned into a literary epic, consisting of three parts.
In the second part (1720), entitled "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" and received by the public much cooler, the hero once again sets off on a wandering: he visits his beloved island, travels around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
The third part of the epic, titled "Serious Life Reflections and the Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World" (1721), is not fully fictional, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious themes.

QUIZ
5. The Englishmen of the XVII-XVIII centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands, name the reason why it was possible to be an inhabitant of the island.
(It was a cruel custom in the English navy to leave guilty sailors on the islands.)
Why did Robinson sew an umbrella and clothes for himself with fur outside?
So that rainwater can
flow down the fur, as if on an inclined plane
What grains did Robinson grow from?
From barley grains and rice
Public punishment

Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine, and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.
Ayr

Slide 2

Biography

Born in about 1660 near the English capital, in Cripplegate. His father, a meat merchant, prepared him for the career of a Presbyterian pastor and sent him to the seminary, Morton Academy in Stoke Newington, where his son studied classical literature, as well as Latin and Greek. However, Defoe Jr. was drawn to a completely different path - commercial activity, trade.

Slide 3

Cripplegate

Slide 4

Difficult years

In his twenties, Daniel Dafoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth, who rebelled against his uncle, Jacob Stuart, who pursued a pro-French policy during his reign. Jacob suppressed the uprising and severely dealt with the rebels. Daniel Defoe had to hide from persecution. With the onset of more favorable times, that is, with the accession to the throne of William of Orange, Defoe returned to literary activity. When the people began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe wrote a satirical poem "The True English", in which he showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture of different tribes, and therefore it is ridiculous to look with hostility at a king who is impeccable in all respects just because he was not born in England, but in Holland. This poem caused a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see the author and gave him a rather significant monetary gift.

Slide 5

In 1702, Queen Anne ascended the throne of England, the last of the Stuarts to be influenced by the Conservative Party. Defoe wrote his famous satirical pamphlet, "The surest way to get rid of dissenters." Protestant sectarians in England called themselves dissenters. In this pamphlet, the author advised the parliament not to be shy with the innovators who bothered him and to hang them all or exile them to galleys. At first, the parliament did not understand the true meaning of satire and were glad that Daniel Defoe had directed his pen against the sectarians. Then someone figured out the real meaning of satire. Parliament recognized him as a rebel, sentenced him to a fine, to be exhibited at the pillory and to imprisonment. But the enthusiastic people strewn his way to the pillory with flowers and gave a standing ovation. During his time in prison, Defoe wrote The Hymn to the Pillory and contrived to publish the Review magazine.

Slide 6

Creation

After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes "Robinson Crusoe". This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17-18 centuries could repeatedly hear from sailors stories about people who lived more or less long time on various uninhabited islands.

Slide 7

Encouraged by the tremendous success of Robinson, Daniel Defoe wrote many other works in the same spirit: The Sea Robber, Colonel Jack, Journey Around the World, The Political History of the Devil and others. Defoe wrote more than two hundred books and brochures that were popular with his contemporaries.

Slide 8

Moll Flanders

The novel tells the story of a poor girl who was born in Newgate prison and during six decades of her varied life (not counting childhood) was a kept woman for twelve years, married five times (one of them once to her brother), a thief for twelve years, an exile in Virginia for eight years, but in the end she became rich, began to live honestly and died in repentance.

Slide 9

Roxanne

Defoe's last and darkest novel, Roxanne, published in 1724, tells the story of a woman who sold herself first to survive, and then for fame and money, in the form of an autobiography. Roxanne, an intelligent, cunning, inventive swindler, is extremely sober and sensible in her analysis of her actions and pronounced traits of her character that helped her to succeed in her "adventures". From this very detailed story about the goals and ways of Roxanne, we learn about how she seduced others with dexterous manipulations, and in the end she herself was seduced, becoming dependent on money and fame.

Slide 10

Robinson Crusoe

The full title of the work sounds like “Life, Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship except him died, outlining his unexpected release by pirates; written by himself. " This book gave rise to the classic English novel and gave birth to a fashion for pseudo-documentary fiction; it is often called the first "genuine" novel in English.

Slide 11

But despite this, he, like other talents, lived and died in need in London. Defoe's early biographers say that the tombstone installed on his grave in the 18th century had a modest but significant inscription: "Daniel Defoe is the author of Robinson Crusoe." He died on April 24, 1731 at the age of 70 ".

Slide 12

As for Defoe's literary significance, in this respect he can be safely considered the predecessor of Richardson and Fielding and the founder of that literary school that reached its peak in England under Dickens and Thackeray.

View all slides

Slide 1

Daniel Defoe English writer, publicist, journalist

Slide 2

Biography
Born in about 1660 near the English capital, in Cripplegate. His father, a meat merchant, prepared him for the career of a Presbyterian pastor and sent him to the seminary, Morton Academy in Stoke Newington, where his son studied classical literature, as well as Latin and Greek. However, Defoe Jr. was attracted by a completely different path - commercial activity, trade.

Slide 3

Cripplegate

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes "Robinson Crusoe". This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear from sailors stories about people who lived for more or less a long time on various uninhabited islands.
Creation

Slide 7

Slide 8

Moll Flanders
The novel tells the story of a poor girl who was born in Newgate prison and for six decades of her varied life (not counting childhood) was a kept woman for twelve years, married five times (one of them to her brother), twelve years a thief, eight years exiled in Virginia, but in the end she became rich, began to live honestly and died in repentance.

Slide 9

Roxanne
Defoe's last and darkest novel, Roxanne, published in 1724, tells the story of a woman who sold herself first to survive, and then for fame and money, in the form of an autobiography. Roxanne, an intelligent, cunning, inventive swindler, is extremely sober and sensible in her analysis of her actions and pronounced traits of her character that helped her to succeed in her "adventures". From this very detailed story about the goals and ways of Roxanne, we learn about how she seduced others with dexterous manipulations, and in the end she herself was seduced, becoming dependent on money and fame.

Slide 10

Robinson Crusoe
The full title of the work sounds like “Life, Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship except him died, outlining his unexpected release by pirates; written by himself. " This book gave rise to the classic English novel and gave birth to a fashion for pseudo-documentary fiction; it is often called the first "genuine" novel in English.

Slide 11

Slide 12

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