Presentation of epics in paintings and illustrations by artists. Come up with a funny title for the illustration. Russian epics in the works of artists

Project Russian epics

Introductory article

Epics (old) - heroic-patriotic songs and tales telling about the exploits of heroes and reflecting the life of Ancient Rus' of the 9th-13th centuries; a type of oral folk art, which is characterized by a song-epic way of reflecting reality.

The main plot of the epic is some heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history (hence the popular name of the epic - “starina”, “old woman”, implying that the action in question took place in the past).

Bylinas, as a rule, are written in tonic verse with two to four stresses.

The term “epics” was first introduced by Ivan Sakharov in the collection “Songs of the Russian People” in 1839. He proposed it based on the expression “according to epics” in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” which meant “according to the facts.”

Glossary of obsolete words

Name - call, name.

Welcome - come for a visit.

Razdolitsa (smart. Affectionate) - expanse.

Kaftan - Russian ancient men's long-skirted clothing.

Grosh - an old coin valued at 2 kopecks.

Obzy - the plows were shafted.

Bipod – a plow is a primitive agricultural tool for plowing the land.

Rogaczyk - plow handle.

Guzhiki – leather loops in the collar, which with the help of an arc attach the shafts to the harness.

Homeland – everyone knows this word from childhood. Homeland is the land on which you were born and live with your parents, loved ones, and friends. People accomplished many glorious feats while protecting their land. Both in ancient times and in our time. People remember the names of their heroes, they remember. Their fame spreads throughout our entire land.

Epic epics are heroic stories that were sung and told in ancient times. The main characters in epics are Russian heroes, defenders of the Fatherland. And their appearance is different, and their characters are dissimilar, and their origins are not the same, but they are all brave, strong, and kind. Everyone is loved by the people, invented by the people, as if the people’s dreams were embodied in them. This is how people should be. The epics told about the life of the ancient Russian state in those days when the main cities in Rus' were Kyiv in the south and Novgorod in the north.

Painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs” What is the composition of the painting, paint? Who is depicted in it and how? How does the artist paint epic heroes for us? Did you recognize them? What hyperboles and constant epithets can be used to describe the picture? What landscape are the heroes depicted against? What is special about Vasnetsov’s landscape? How does this picture make you feel?

Ilya Muromets Ilya Muromets is one of the main characters of Russian epics, a hero originally from the village of Karacharovo near Murom, embodying the people's ideal of a hero-warrior, a people's intercessor. Features in the Kiev cycle of epics: “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and the Poganous Idol”, “The Quarrel of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir”, “The Battle of Ilya Muromets with Zhidovin”.

The prototype of the epic character The prototype of the epic character is considered to be the historical strongman Chobotok, originally from Murom, who became a monk at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra under the name of Elijah, canonized as the Venerable Elijah of Murom (canonized in 1643). The first written information about him dates back to the 1630s; early tradition places the life of Elijah in the 12th century; Researchers date the burial back to the 19th century. In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR conducted an examination of the relics of St. Elijah of Muromets. Studies of the relics showed that the monk was an exceptionally strong man and had a height of 177 cm (above average height for the Middle Ages). He was found to have signs of a spinal disease (the epic Elijah could not move from birth until the age of 33) and traces of numerous wounds. The cause of death was probably a blow to the chest from a sharp weapon (spear or sword). Death occurred at the age of about 4055 years. It is believed that he died during the capture of Kyiv by Prince Rurik Rostislavich in 1204, which was accompanied by the defeat of the Pechersk Lavra by the Polovtsians allied to Rurik. In this case, he must have been born between 1150 and 1165. “Reverend Elijah rests in a position of prayer, folding the fingers of his right hand in the same way as is customary now in the Orthodox Church, the first three fingers together, and the last two bent towards the palm. During the period of struggle against the Old Believer schism, this fact from the life of the saint served as strong evidence in favor of the three-fingered constitution” (Paterikon of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra). Relics of St. Elijah of Muromets in the Near Caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra

Ilya Muromets in folk art Only a few epic stories with the name of I. Muromets are known outside the provinces of Olonetsk, Arkhangelsk and Siberia (Collection of Kirsha Danilov and S. Gulyaev). Outside the named regions, only a few subjects have been recorded so far: I. Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber; I. Muromets and the robbers; I. Muromets on the Falcon-ship; I. Muromets and son. In the middle and southern parts of Russia, only epics are known without the attachment of I. Muromets to Kyiv and the book. Vladimir, and the most popular plots are those in which robbers (I. Muromets and the robbers) or Cossacks (I. Muromets on the Falcon-ship) play the role, which indicates the popularity of I. Muromets among the freedom-loving population who lived on the Volga, Yaik and was part of into the Cossacks. Monument to Ilya Muromets in Murom

Dobrynya Nikitich Dobrynya Nikitich is the second most popular hero of the Russian folk epic after Ilya Muromets. He is often depicted as a serving hero under Prince Vladimir. Epics often talk about his long court service, in which he showed his natural “knowledge.” Often the prince gives him instructions: to collect and transport tribute, to help out the prince’s niece, etc.; Often Dobrynya himself volunteers to carry out orders that other heroes refuse. Dobrynya is the hero closest to the prince and his family, carrying out their personal assignments and distinguished not only by his courage, but also by his diplomatic abilities. Dobrynya is sometimes called a prince, and sometimes Vladimir’s nephew. He can read and write and is distinguished by a variety of talents: he is dexterous, he can turn on his feet, he shoots well, swims, sings, plays the harp.

Prototype of the epic character Historical prototype of Dobrynya Nikitich Dobrynya, uncle and governor of Prince Vladimir, brother of his mother Malusha. Dobrynya was the leader of young Vladimir in his reign in Novgorod and then the war with his brother Yaropolk; after the death of Yaropolk and the reign of his nephew in Kyiv, he became the ruler of Novgorod. He took part in the campaign against the Volga Bulgarians in 985 and baptized Novgorod in battle in 989, during which he threw into the Volkhov the statue of Perun, which he had erected shortly before. Judging by the stories set out in the chronicle, Dobrynya played a large role in the legends associated with Vladimir, acting as a wise adviser and chief assistant to the prince.

Alyosha Popovich Alyosha Popovich is the son of the Rostov priest Le(v)onty (rarely Fedor). All heroes are united by a common origin from North-Eastern Rus' (Murom, Ryazan, Rostov), a trip to Kyiv, associated with a duel with a monster, and heroic service in Kyiv at the court of Prince Vladimir the Red Sun. Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength (sometimes his weakness is even emphasized, his lameness is indicated, etc.), but by courage, daring, onslaught, on the one hand, and resourcefulness, sharpness, cunning, on the other. Sometimes he is cunning and is ready to deceive even his sworn brother Dobrynya Nikitich, encroaching on his rights; he is boastful, arrogant, overly crafty and evasive; his jokes are sometimes not only funny, but also insidious, even evil; his fellow heroes express their censure and condemnation to him from time to time. In general, the image of Alyosha Popovich reflects a certain inconsistency and duality. One of the most archaic stories associated with Alyosha Popovich is his fight with Tugarin. Alyosha Popovich defeats Tugarin on the way to Kyiv or in Kyiv (there is a known variant in which this fight occurs twice). Tugarin threatens Alyosha Popovich to choke him with smoke, cover him with sparks, burn him with fire-flames, shoot him with firebrands, or swallow him alive. The fight between Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin often takes place near the water (Safast River). Having defeated Tugarin, Alyosha Popovich cut up his corpse and scattered it across an open field. A similar version of the plot about the fight between Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin is the epic “Alyosha kills Skim the Beast,” where Alyosha Popovich’s opponent reminds many of Tugarin.

The birth of Alyosha Popovich was miraculous, reminiscent of the birth of Volkh: it is accompanied by thunder; “Alyoshenka the Wonderful Young,” as soon as he was born, asks his mother for a blessing to walk around the world, not to swaddle him in swaddling clothes, but in chain mail; he can already sit on a horse and wield it, operate with a spear and saber, etc. Alyosha Popovich’s cunning and dexterity are akin to Volkh’s “wisdom tricks,” and his jokes and tricks are close to Volkh’s magical transformations. The wife of Alyosha Popovich in the epics about him and the sister of the Zbrodovichs (Petrovichs, etc.) becomes Elena (Petrovna), aka Elenushka, Olena, Olyonushka (Volkh’s wife is also called Elena). This female name is, as it were, adapted to the name of Alyosha Popovich (options Olyosha, Valesha and Eleshenka Elena and Olenushka, and thus a “name-name” married couple is formed, similar to Volos-Veles Volosynya or Els Elesikha.

Prototype of the epic character It is usually believed that the historical prototype of Alyosha Popovich was the Suzdal boyar Alexander (Olesha) Popovich. According to the chronicles, he was the famous “brave” (selected warrior), who served first Vsevolod the Big Nest, and then his son Konstantin Vsevolodovich against his brother and contender for the Vladimir throne, Yuri Vsevolodovich, and Alexander Popovich defeated several of Yuri’s best warriors in duels. With the death of Constantine and the accession of Yuri (1218), he went to the Kyiv Grand Duke Mstislav the Old and died with him in the Battle of Kalka in 1223. Literature used: Heroic tales. Publishing center for children's books. M., 1995.

“Russian folk epics” - Volkh Vseslavich. Sadko. Heroes of epics. Bylina. Nikitich. Ilya Muromets. Alesha Popovich. Svyatogor. Ryabinin. Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich. The originality of the artistic world of epics. Folklore. Introduce the genre of epics. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs". Complete the crossword puzzle. Fairy tale. Storytellers.

"Chronicles" - Kyiv Chronicles. Chronicle collections were also compiled in the Moscow era of Russian history. Chronicles appeared early in Novgorod. The chronicle is... Pskov chronicles. Novgorod Chronicles. The Kiev Chronicle has been preserved in several very close copies. Chronicles were kept in many cities. Only a few Novgorod chronicle collections have reached us.

“Epic Heroes” - Plan of ancient Novgorod, the first free city of Rus'. Sculptural image of an ancient warrior. Nikitich. The difference between epic heroes and fairy tale heroes. The memory of the glory of ancient Russian warriors lives on. Epics of the Novgorod cycle. The most famous heroes. Kyiv cycle of epics. Modern images of heroes.

“Epics about Russian heroes” - Epics. Collectors of epics. Priceless treasures of the spiritual life of the people. Nikitich. Tonic verse. Oratai is a plowman. Ilya Muromets. Guzhiki. Epic hero. Russian epics. Alexander Fedorovich Gilferding. Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich. Alesha Popovich. Kyiv cycle of epics. Fairy tale. Construction.

“Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece” - New discoveries. Main gods. Perseus. Myths of Ancient Greece. Help of the gods. Goddess Athena. Hindu myths. Death of a jellyfish. Nymphs. Ancient Greek gods. Prediction. Olympian gods. Scribes. Myths of disappeared civilizations.

“Epic “Kalevala”” - Favorite colors of Karelians. Ancient Karelians. Creation of the world. The way of life of the Karelians, among whom I was born. Epic. A man dressed in a long frock coat. Ilmarinen. Elias Lönnrot. What are the names of the folk songs of the Karelian - Finnish epic "Kalevala". Karelo-Finnish poetic epic. The main characters of the epic "Kalevala".

There are a total of 27 presentations in the topic

Illustrators children's books library lesson

– head library SOPSHMT No. 11

Pavlodar

An illustration is a drawing in the text of a book that accompanies the narrative.
The illustration helps to better understand the content of the book and makes the book bright and elegant.

The history of children's book illustration goes back about three centuries. During this time, a path has been passed from cheap book editions, primers and popular prints to luxury books for children. Gradually, children's book illustration became an independent art form. The term “illustration” itself, translated from Latin, means “to illuminate, shed light, explain.”

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942)

Illustrator of children's fairy tales. Creator of book and magazine color graphics and a special type of illustrated book. The peculiarity of Bilibin's illustrations is humor and sharp irony. Illustrated fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin, Russian folk tales and epics. His illustrations for books resemble theatrical sketches .

Illustrations for Russian folk tales

The names of fairy tales are written in Slavic script

Illustrations for the fairy tale Marya Morevna

Ornamental frames on each page, like rustic windows with carved frames.

The illustrations are distinguished by their patterned design, bright decorativeness, and are stylized to resemble an old manuscript.

This tale combines satirical content with Russian popular print into a single whole.

The ornament abundantly covers the floor, ceiling, walls, and the clothes of the king and boyars.

The Tale of Tsar Saltan

The king overhears a conversation between three girls. It’s night outside, the moon is shining, the king hurries to the porch.

Vladimir Mikhailovich Konashevich (1888-1963)

I am firmly convinced that there is no need to babysit with a child and there is no need to distort forms in a caricature. Children are sincere people, they take everything seriously. And the drawing in the book is taken seriously and trustingly .

I drew funny pictures for each letter of the alphabet for my little daughter. To make it easier to remember the letters.

References

Let's get acquainted. - V.M. Konashevich, K. Chukovsky “The Tsokotukha Fly.” - M., Det.lit. - 1986.
V. Odoevsky “Moroz Ivanovich” - M., Det.lit. - 1989.

Photo

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Russian epic heroes

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Ancient Rus' is a historical period covering the period of time from the 9th to the 13th centuries. This period is called Kievan Rus because the main city at that time was Kyiv. Ancient Rus' occupied the territory of modern Ukraine, part of the Krasnodar region, part of the Volga region and part of the lands in the north between the Baltic Sea and two lakes - Ladoga and Onega. Physical map of Ancient Rus'...

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Ancient Rus'
Political map of Ancient Rus'

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This was the capital of Ancient Rus'... Model of the central part of Kyiv

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The whole world of ancient Russian life is revealed in epics. Their main character is a hero, a defender of the people. The heroes had enormous physical strength. So it was said about the beloved Russian hero Ilya Muromets: “Wherever he turns, there are streets, wherever he turns, there are alleys.” At the same time, he was a very peace-loving hero who took up arms only when absolutely necessary. As a rule, the bearer of such irrepressible power is a native of the people, a peasant son. The people's heroes also possessed enormous magical power, wisdom, and cunning. People's memory has preserved the image of heroes who came not only from the peasant environment - the boyar's son Dobrynya Nikitich, the cunning and resourceful representative of the clergy Alyosha Popovich. Each of them had its own character, its own characteristics, but they were all exponents of people's aspirations, thoughts, and hopes. And the main one was the defense of Rus' from fierce enemies.

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In the epic images of enemies one can also discern the real foreign policy opponents of Rus', the fight against which has deeply entered the consciousness of the people. Under the name of Tugarin one can see a generalized image of the Polovtsians with their khan Tugorkan, the struggle with whom took an entire period in the history of Rus' in the last quarter of the 11th century. Under the name “Zhidovina” is Khazaria, whose state religion was Judaism. Russian epic heroes faithfully served the epic prince Vladimir. They fulfilled his requests for the defense of the Fatherland; he turned to them at crucial times. The relationship between the heroes and the prince was difficult. There were grievances and misunderstandings here. But all of them - both the prince and the heroes - ultimately decided on one common cause - the cause of the people. Scientists have proven that the name of Prince Vladimir does not necessarily mean Vladimir I. This image combines the generalized image of Vladimir Svyatoslavich - a warrior against the Pechenegs, and Vladimir Monomakh - the defender of Rus' from the Polovtsians, and the appearance of other princes - brave, wise, cunning. And the more ancient epics reflected the legendary times of the struggle of the Eastern Slavs with the Cimmerians, Sarmatians, Scythians, with all those whom the steppe so generously sent to conquer the East Slavic lands. These were old heroes of very ancient times, and the epics telling about them are akin to the epic of Homer, the ancient epic of other European and Indo-European peoples.

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Origin of epics
The epics got their name from the words “byl”, “it was”. In them, unknown ancient authors talked about events that really happened: about battles with enemies, about the victories of Russian soldiers. The epics did not develop by themselves, without authors. They were composed by talented people, but not recorded.
The epics arose during the times of Kievan Rus. At that time, nomads often attacked Kievan Rus. Among the defenders there were those who stood out for their courage and daring. These are heroes. They loved their native land, stood guard over its borders, at any moment of danger they came to the aid of their people, saving them from humiliation and ruin.

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Painting by V. Vasnetsov “Bayan”

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Cycles of epics
All epics are divided into two cycles: Kyiv and Novgorod. In Kyiv, the actions take place in Kyiv or near it, Prince Vladimir stands in the center, heroes defend the Russian land from nomads, the main characters are Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. In Novgorod epics, the main character is the Novgorod hero Sadko, he is engaged in trade, making Rus' rich.

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The difference between epic heroes and fairy tale heroes
Fairy tale heroes differ from epic heroes. Fairy tale heroes always use magic. They perform all their actions for the sake of themselves or their family, and the heroes initially have enormous power and are the defenders of the entire Russian people.

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The meaning and origin of the word “hero”
This word has several meanings: Hero of Russian epics and fairy tales. Defender of the homeland, a warrior distinguished by extraordinary strength, courage, and daring. Tall, well built, strong man. An extraordinary, outstanding person (figurative) According to linguists, the word “hero” is derived from the word “rich man” - a rich person.

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What ancient Russian warriors looked like Every warrior in Ancient Rus' had to have special clothing, protective equipment and military weapons.

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Elements of clothing and military weapons of ancient Russian warriors
A helmet is a metal headdress that protects the head. Chain mail is a protective shirt made of steel rings. -Shield is a rounded metal board that protects from arrows in battle. The sword is an ancient stabbing and chopping weapon in the form of a double-edged straight blade with a hilt. A spear is a piercing or piercing-cutting bladed weapon (a long wooden stick with a metal tip). A mace is a wooden or metal club with protrusions. A saber is a bladed weapon that looks like a curved strip of steel, with a hilt and a sheath. -Bow is a throwing weapon designed to fire arrows. -Arrows are a bow projectile consisting of a thin wooden shaft and a metal or bone tip. Quiver-case for arrows. The club is an ancient weapon, a heavy club with a thickened end.

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Chain mail
Chainmail was made from metal rings that were riveted or welded together. In the 10th-11th centuries it took the form of a long-skirted shirt with short sleeves. Since the 12th century, the appearance of chain mail has changed; it has long sleeves, and to protect the neck and shoulders - a chain mail mesh aventail. The chain mail weighed 6-12 kilograms. It is curious that when modern craftsmen began to make chain mail, it turned out that they were made quite quickly.

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An ancient Russian foot warrior in a helmet with protection for the face and neck, in chain mail, with a spear and shield. The picture on the right shows a quiver with arrows.

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On the left is an ancient Russian warrior in a helmet with a protective net for the neck. On the right is an ancient Pecheneg (a type of Turkic people) wearing a helmet and a protective neck collar.

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On the left is a sculptural image of an ancient warrior, on the right is a drawing depicting a Russian mounted warrior-archer (the main weapon for him is a bow) of the 13th century

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Three types of ancient Russian troops - a horseman with a spear, an archer and a foot warrior (he did not have a horse)

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This is how artists represent epic heroes. In the middle is an illustration by I. Bilibin “The Knight at the Crossroads.” On the right is a reproduction of M. Vrubel’s painting “The Bogatyr”

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Painting by V. Vasnetsov “Heroic Leap”, 1914

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There are also modern images of heroes...

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You can find this image on the Internet...

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Going into battle, ancient Russian warriors carried banners and standards with them; they protected their faces with a special metal mask; at first it protected only the upper part, but from the end of the 12th century, helmets with face masks appeared that completely covered the warrior’s face. They were called faces because they usually had the shape of the face of a person or a mythical creature.

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The battle of Russian soldiers with enemies

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Russian epic heroes fought with enemies, they were monsters or evil and treacherous people. The most famous of the monsters is the many-headed snake, often with three heads - the Serpent Gorynych

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Old Russian warriors fought with the invaders of the southern lands, defended the borders of Rus' in the west... Heroic epic songs were composed about particularly distinguished brave men, glorifying the exploits of Russian heroes.

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Painting by V. Vasnetsov “Duel of Peresvet with Chebubey” (Duel of Peresvet with Chebubey on the Kulikovo Field in 1380).

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The most famous heroes: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich. Reproduction of the painting “Bogatyrs” (“Three Bogatyrs”) by V. Vasnetsov

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From the history of the creation of the painting
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926) – Russian artist. He came from a family where several generations were priests. He studied at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. In his work he relied on the traditions of ancient Russian art. He created genre and lyrical paintings. He was the author of epic works on topics of Russian history, Russian epics and fairy tales. He also worked in the field of architecture. Among the artist’s best works are “Bogatyrs”, “After the Massacre”, “Alyonushka”, “Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible”, paintings of the Vladimir Cathedral in Kyiv, the church in Abramtsevo. Before starting to create the famous painting “Bogatyrs,” he carefully studied epics and spent a long time collecting material that would allow him to truthfully portray the heroes. Looking at the picture, we see the living history of Rus'. Vasnetsov worked for about 20 years to create the canvas.

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Bogatyrs in the painting by V. Vasnetsov
The average hero is Ilya Muromets. He is the eldest of the heroes. Ilya intensely peers into the distance: will the enemy appear somewhere? A forty-pound club hangs on his hand. In his other hand he has a shield and a spear. He is no longer young, but still very strong. His horse is heroic, black in color. The horse stands calmly and waits for an order. On the right hand of Ilya Muromets is Dobrynya Nikitich. He is from a richer family, and his shield is richer, and his chain mail is more expensive, and his gaze is intent and decisive. Below him is a white horse, its nostrils flaring, apparently sensing the enemy and is ready to carry its rider. Alyosha Popovich is the youngest hero. He looks slyly and slyly. In his left hand he has a bow, and on his right hand there are vernal (sonorous) goslings. He is a warrior and a psaltery player. Cunning, brave, courageous. He knows how to sing songs and knows how to fight.

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Kyiv cycle of epics about Ilya Muromets
The main character of these epics is the peasant Ilya from Murom. Hence his nickname - Muromsky. Having acquired miraculous power from the wandering magi, he goes to serve Prince Vladimir in Kyiv, performing amazing feats for the glory of Rus'. In these epics you can see pictures of the life of Ancient Rus' (Kievan Rus), it was very difficult and full of dangers. The main feature of the epic heroes of this period is love for their native land. They are distinguished not only by their incredible strength, nobility, and courage, but also by their desire to observe all established customs.

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Artist - Mikhail Shemarov from Palekh

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Painting by V. Vasnetsov “The Baptism of Rus'”. In the center is Prince Vladimir

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Ilya Muromets Still from the cartoon “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”