Signs of a social group. Which social group is distinguished on a political basis? Criteria for identifying social groups

1. Social science includes elements of several sciences. Studies society
geography
sociology
biology
chemistry

2. Are the following judgments about society true?
A. Society is made up of people living on the territory of a particular country.
B. Society refers to all of humanity as a whole.
only A is correct
only B is correct
both judgments are correct
both judgments are wrong

3. Sixth-grader Andrei helped an elderly man cross the street on his way to school. To what sphere of public life can this act of Andrei be attributed? political
economic
social
spiritual

4. Economic (economic) activities of people consist of
religion, science, education, art
upper class, middle class, lower class
legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch
production, exchange, distribution, consumption

5. Select from the list the types of economic activities related to the production of services.
mining
construction
Agriculture
hotel business
vehicle repair

6. Arina recently turned 14 years old. She decided to work in her free time from studying. Who must give consent to Arina’s work?
head teacher
classroom teacher
best friend
parents

7. Which social group is identified on a territorial basis?
Voronezh residents
teenagers
Tatars
passengers

8. State power is exercised
Chairman of the Government
Editor in Chief
public transport controller
head teacher

9. In the state of N. the supreme power in the country belongs to the hereditary sole ruler. What form of government exists in the state of N.? republic
democracy
monarchy
policy

10. Are the following judgments about types of societies true?
A. In an agrarian society, almost all people are involved in agriculture.
B. Post-industrial society is a type of society in which knowledge and information play a major role.
only A is correct
only B is correct
both judgments are correct
both judgments are wrong

11. Select from the list concepts that characterize the changes taking place in society.
progress
regression
culture
revolution
reform

12. Are the following judgments about modern society true?
A. The world community is characterized by close economic, political and cultural ties between countries and peoples.
B. Globalization is not associated with the strengthening of international, political, cultural, economic, financial, and information ties between states.
only A is correct
only B is correct
both judgments are correct
both judgments are wrong

13. Not relevant to global problems
threat of wars and proliferation of nuclear weapons
international terrorism
interpersonal conflicts
spread of drug addiction

14. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Russia is
non-democratic, federal and rule of law state with a republican form of government
democratic, federal state with an aristocratic form of government
democratic, federal and rule of law state with a monarchical form of government
democratic, federal and rule of law state with a republican form of government

15. Select from the sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List those that are located on the territory of Russia.
ancient city of Chichen Itza
The Statue of Liberty
historical center of Derbent
Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
historical and cultural complex of the Solovetsky Islands.

Test on the topic: “SOCIAL GROUPS. SOCIAL STATUS AND ROLES".

1. The internal structure of society is traditionally called:

1. Social institution;

2. Social structure;

Social mobility;

Social inequality.

2. Are the following judgments about the structure of society true?

A. The structure of society is a set of connections and relationships between large social groups;

B. The social division of labor determines the structure of society.

1. Only A is correct;

2. Only B is correct;

3. Both A and B are true;

4. Both judgments are incorrect.

3. Match:

Examples:

1. Citizen;

2. Teenager;

3. Moskvich;

4. Locksmith;

5. Belozerets;

6. Pensioner;

7. Villager;

8. Mexican;

9. Manager;

10. Teacher.

4. Social groups identified on a settlement (territorial) basis include(s)

1. nationality;

3. townspeople;

5. What sign determines whether a person belongs to the social group of doctors?

2. level of education;

3. profession;

4. position in society.

6. The structure of society is represented by a set of social groups and communities in the diversity of their connections. Which social group is defined by ethnicity?

1. Tyumen residents;

2. military;

3. women;

7. Which social group is distinguished according to professional criteria?

applicants
economists
townspeople
Graduates

8. Which social group is identified on a territorial basis?

clergy
Europeans
Muslims
women

9. The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and groups in the diversity of their connections. Which social group is distinguished on a political basis?

Voronezh residents
democrats
officers
women

10. The structure of society is represented by social groups and communities in the diversity of their connections. What social group is identified on the basis of territorial (settlement) characteristics?

women
teenagers
programmers
Petersburgers

11. Which of the following terms characterize the demographic structure of society?

women, men
parents, children
Belarusians, Tatars
Muslims, Christians

12. Which of the named social groups is distinguished according to professional criteria?

Muscovites
the youth
conservatives
military personnel

13. Which of the following terms characterize the demographic structure of society?

elderly people, youth
Russians, Ukrainians
marginals, middle strata
Orthodox, Buddhists

14. Match:

Examples:

Negroid;
Chinese;
Mongoloid;
Resident of the village;
Protestant;
American;
Caucasian;
Resident of Moscow;
Catholic;
Italian.

15. Small groups include(s)…

scientific and technical intelligentsia of the metropolis;
graduates of history departments of universities across the country;
state delegation at the international congress;
teachers of higher educational institutions of the country.

16. Are the following judgments about social groups true?

A. The size of the group determines its formal or informal nature;

B. Formal groups have a clearly defined structure.

Only A is correct;
Only B is correct;
Both A and B are true;
Both statements are incorrect.

17. The above list indicates the similarities between small social groups and large ones and the differences between them. Select and write down the numbers of similarities in the first column of the table, and the serial numbers of the differences in the second.

bringing people together;
direct face-to-face interaction;
number;
participants are united by common activities.

18. Match:

Examples of groups:

Family;
Student group;
Russian national football team;
School teachers' team;
The youth;
Hockey team;
Women;
Friends at the entrance.

19. Both the family and the school class are

1. ethnic communities

2. in small groups

3. social layers

4. informal groups

20. Match:

21. The expected behavior of an individual, related to his position in society and typical for a given social group, is called ...

1.social prestige;

2.social status;

3.social structure;

4. social role.

22. The common social role for a child and an adult is the role...

1. voter;

2. contract serviceman;

3. bank borrower;

4. family member.

23. After the divorce, citizen C continued to walk with his sons in the park on weekends. This example illustrates the features...

1. implementation of a social role;

2. fulfilling social norms;

3. implementation of social policy;

4. manifestations of social mobility.

24. Are the following judgments about social role true?

A. The social role of a person is understood as his position in society.

B. Role requirements are presented to a person by society.

1. Only A is correct;

2. Only B is correct;

3. Both A and B are true;

4. Both judgments are incorrect.

25. Are the following judgments about social role true?

A. The social role is acquired by the individual in the process of socialization.

B. All social roles of a person must be standardized.

1. Only A is correct;

2. Only B is correct;

3. Both A and B are true;

4. Both judgments are incorrect.

26. Establish a correspondence between situations and the social roles that these situations illustrate: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Enter your answers in the table:

27. What social role is inherent in both adolescents and adults?

1. guardian;

2. Voter;

3. Consumer;

4. Schoolboy.

28. Are the following judgments about social roles true?

A. One of the possible social roles of a teenager is a buyer in a store.

B. Adolescents may not perform all the social roles characteristic of adults.

1. Only A is correct;

2. Only B is correct;

3. Both A and B are true;

4. Both judgments are incorrect.

29. What social role can a teenager play?

1. contract soldier

2. younger brother's guardian

3. bus driver

4. website visitor

30. What social role is typical for a high school student?

1. conscript

2. voter

3. manufacturer

4. consumer

31. What social fact illustrates the political role of a citizen?

1. Yuri Petrovich bought a domestic car.

2. Elena Sergeevna won a medal at the Olympic Games.

3. Anna Ivanovna worked at the school for 30 years.

32. The position of a person in society, associated with certain rights and responsibilities, is traditionally designated by the concept ...

1. social status;

2. social role;

3. social norm;

4. social community.

33. What social fact illustrates the role of the consumer?

1. Masha plays the piano.

2. Marina dances beautifully.

3. Sergey is studying German language courses.

4. Artyom plays in a neighborhood football team.

34. What social role can both a child and an adult play?

2. driver

3. voter

4. heir

35. What social role do both adolescents and adults play?

1. school student

2. patient

4. trustee

36. Match:

37. Match:

Examples of statuses:

Russian;
Ukrainian;
Grandmother;
Caucasian;
Engineer;
Man;
Choreographer;
Teenager;
Woman;

38. What status position does a person acquire at birth?

1. profession;

2.income level;

3. education;

4. nationality.

39. What status is achieved?

1. man;

4. Ukrainian.

40. Are the following judgments about social status true?

A. Social status characterizes the place of an individual in the system of social relations;

B. One person can have several social statuses.

1. Only A is correct;

2. Only B is correct;

3. Both A and B are true;

4. Both judgments are incorrect.

41. The list below shows the similarities between the acquired and prescribed status and the differences between them. Select and write down the numbers of similarities in the first column of the table, and the serial numbers of the differences in the second.

1. a person’s position in society;

2. a set of rights and obligations;

3. status belongs from birth;

4. status is achieved during life.

42. Match:

Examples:

Transfer of a manager from a Moscow store to St. Petersburg;
Transition from Islam to Orthodoxy;
Transition I.I. Ivanov to US citizenship;
Entrepreneur S.S. Sidorov went broke and became a worker in a steel foundry;
Teacher K.K. Kozlov was appointed director of the school;
Surgeon Z.Z. Zaykin was transferred from hospital No. 15 to clinic No. 17;
Worker P.P. Petrov was appointed team leader for special successes in his work;
The owner of a car dealership went broke and began selling fresh baked goods at the market.

A person constantly joins social groups in the course of his life.

Exist various types of such associations.

Definition

Social group- a collection of people who share common characteristics, views or interests.

A person’s entire life is spent in groups.

In each he plays a specific role.

Features and structure

Signs of such a community:

internal organization;
common goal;
control system;
behavior patterns;
intensive interaction between representatives;
a sense of belonging, involvement in the activities of the community;
taking into account each other's interests;
participants have certain expectations.

A social group, like any other collection of people, has a certain structure.

A sustainable organizational system of a community allows it to maintain its effective functioning and ensure the satisfaction of the interests of all participants.

Main structural elements: core and periphery. Core- This is the central part, which consists of key representatives.

They determine the direction of activity, development paths and existing orders within the association.

The core is stable and constancy; its organizers rarely leave their leading positions and move to the periphery level.

It is thanks to this stability of the core and the stability of the community is maintained.

Representatives of the core have integrity of views and interests, and have common beliefs.

The emergence of disagreements between them and the destruction of the core leads to automatic group destruction, if from among the representatives of the periphery there are no persons capable of forming a new stable core.

Periphery- this is a less significant part of the structure, which consists of individuals who are indirectly involved in the process to varying degrees. The further one moves away from the core, the less one is involved.

During the existence of a community, people from the periphery constantly migrate from one position to another or completely leave the community.

Migration occurs due to changes in initial characteristics (education, profession, achievements, etc.) or due to social mobility.

Classification

There are various theories of classification of social groups.

The basic principle of their division is based on an assessment of the magnitude of commonality and assumes existence of two main types:

large;
small.

By level of internal interaction The following division applies:

primary (contact);
secondary (remote).

Primary groups are associations of people who enter into direct relationships and are in close relationships. These are associations of friends, relatives, colleagues.

Secondary imply more formal communication - these are relationships based on legal, contractual obligations. Here, participants never interact with each other on an emotional level, but communicate exclusively in a business direction.

Small

This is a small community of people who enter into communication. Between the participants there are emotional connections, and their interaction is regulated by general norms and principles.

Kinds

Classification:

by method of education: spontaneous, organized;
by the presence of connections: real, conditional;
by public: official, unofficial;
by level of development: low level, high level;
by personal significance: reference, membership groups;
by social significance: positive, asocial, antisocial.

Examples

Classic example - family. This is not only a family consisting of parents and children, but also the entire set of relatives united by ties of consanguinity, marriage and emotional attachments.

The criterion for a person to belong to a family is his participation with other relatives.

The core of such a community is made up of relatives, who have the main authority among the majority and make key decisions. Such people in the family communicate with all its representatives, are always aware of events and can influence their further development.

IN periphery includes people who are less involved in interpersonal relationships between members of a given community and have a lesser degree of awareness.

The family can be classified according to the above criteria.

For example, legally married spouses by social status are official group.

If a man and woman consider themselves a family, but are not married, their union is unofficial.

A family in which everyone is successfully socialized in society is, in terms of social significance, positive. If there is destructive behavior (alcoholism of parents, illegal behavior of children, etc.), then the family becomes antisocial.

Another classic example is . Under friendship refers to the close interpersonal interaction of individuals interested in each other.

A small group can consist of two friends, or it can be represented by a group of friends. The core of the community will be made up of individuals who have the greatest authority among all participants.

During the existence of friendships Due to changes in the social and personal characteristics of friends, their role may change. Also, the loss of desire by one of the participants to continue communication may lead to their departure.

Big

It is a collection of people that is part of society. This includes: classes, nations, ethnic groups, meetings, rallies, etc. The general classification allows us to distinguish the following types:

Two similar communities occupy a special historical place - these are ethnicities and classes. Ethnic groups are characterized by a single culture, a common language, behavioral characteristics, and an awareness of their differences from other ethnic groups.

Classes are collections of people who occupy a special place in society and have an appropriate level of social benefits.

Psychology

The functioning of such associations is based on common goals, traditions, views. A large population of people has a single psychology, which determines a system of ideals and emotional preferences.

Similar psychology leaves an imprint for each specific person. Therefore, the concepts of a typical representative of a class, ethnic group, etc. arise. All people become bearers of those views and opinions that are accepted in their association.

Public opinion consists precisely of those attitudes and principles that are broadcast by representatives of various large groups.

Phenomena

Many scientists at different times have noted the importance of large social groups, their capable of influencing the stability of society and changing the course of events.

Among all types, the crowd has special power.

The point is that, with absolute unsystematicity and disorganization, it can become a driving force that changes the social structure of society.

By crowd we usually mean spontaneous gathering of people, which has the following characteristics:

multiplicity(in small groups the phenomenon of exerting a social impact on public life cannot arise);
contact(people in a crowd stand in close proximity to each other);
excitement(people from the crowd are in an emotionally excited state, do not fully control their behavior, under the influence of universal unity they are prone to impulsive and irresponsible actions);
disorganization(the spontaneous nature of the emergence of the association and the emotional excitement of its participants prevent the development of a clear strategy of action);
aimlessness(despite the common reason that motivates people to act, each of them pursues their own individual goals).

Another phenomenon - reference group(can be not only large, but also small). It does not, like a crowd, have a large-scale impact on the social order, but it can have a significant impact on the life of a particular individual.

It is a real or imagined collection of individuals that is standard. He dreams of becoming part of this community, if he is not already a member of it. As a result, the existence of such a standard motivates a person to achieve the necessary results and to work on himself.

If he is already a member of the reference group, then its members for him become authorities, on which he orients himself in life.

For a child, this is the meaning of his family, for teenagers - a group of peers, for an adult - a colleague who has achieved professional success, etc.

Socio-psychological climate

The concept of socio-psychological climate in the group includes assessment of the following criteria:

a set of socio-psychological characteristics;
emotional mood prevailing in the community;
the nature of the relationship.

At favorable climate all participants feel a positive attitude, experience feelings of security, joy, trust, sympathy. All communications are built on the principles of mutual respect, openness and involvement in a common cause.

Everyone receives opportunities for personal or professional growth (depending on the type of group), has the right to take initiative and make decisions. Possible mistakes do not entail fear of punishment or condemnation.

IN unfavorable climate In the first place are such feelings as pessimism, tension, uncertainty, suspicion. Members of the community do not trust or like each other.

Lack of a positive attitude leads to a reluctance to put in joint efforts to achieve tasks, and this, in turn, leads to general dissatisfaction.

Studying problems

The problem of groups takes key place in social psychology, since social psychology studies the characteristics of people’s behavior specifically when they are involved in social groups, as well as the study of the key characteristics of the groups themselves.

In social psychology the following questions are subject to study:

understanding between people;
relationship formation;
social attitudes;
submission to social norms;
large group phenomena;
psychological phenomena, processes (public opinion, mass consciousness, rumors, religion, etc.);
the degree of mutual influence of the individual and the group;
intergroup relationships;
leadership.

Group response to behavior

To maintain the unity of the community, representatives of its core adhere to certain management principles. These principles must be respected by all participants.

In a situation where one person violates the rules established for everyone, the majority has the right to apply measures of influence. Such measures are called social sanctions.

An individual who has committed an inappropriate act must, under the influence of sanctions, correct his behavior. Otherwise, he may be excluded from the group.

Thus, social groups are an integral part of an individual's life. Each person is a member of many small and large associations that have a certain influence on him.

Concept and types of social groups:

Tasks 11. Social structure of society; family as a small group; variety of social roles in adolescence

1. The collection of large social groups that make up a society is called

1) social relations

2) social structure

3) social norm

4) social mobility

Explanation.

Any society always has a social structure, which means the entire set of classes, strata, social groups, etc.

Correct answer: 2.

2. Dmitry is 17 years old, he is finishing high school. His family is his parents, sister and brother. These characteristics show

2) ethnicity of the person

3) family prestige

4) social status of the individual

Explanation.

Social status is the social position occupied by a social individual or social group in society or a separate social subsystem of society.

Correct answer: 4.

1) hired workers

2) youth

3) physics teachers

4) Petersburgers

Explanation.

Demography is interpreted as population statistics and studies the numerical composition of the population, its division into age and sex groups, as well as the direction of change in this composition due to fertility, mortality, and changes in life expectancy.

Correct answer: 2.

4. What social group is identified on a territorial basis?

1) clergy

2) women

3) Muslims

4) Europeans

Explanation.

Clergy are a professional attribute; women are a demographic feature; Muslims are a religious sign. Only Europeans are identified on a territorial basis.

Correct answer: 4.

5. The family, unlike other small groups, is characterized

1) common hobbies

2) direct personal contacts

3) own social norms

4) joint farming

Explanation.

The family, unlike other small groups, is characterized by joint farming.

Other traits may also appear in other small groups. for example in class.

Correct answer: 4.

6. Which of the named social groups is distinguished according to professional criteria?

1) military personnel

2) youth

3) conservatives

4) Muscovites

Explanation.

Military personnel - professional; youth - demographic; conservatives - political; Muscovites are territorial.

Correct answer: 1.

7. What terms refer to the concept of “social norms”?

1) thinking, speech

2) warning, prohibition

3) upbringing, education

4) class, estate

Explanation.

Social norms are generally accepted rules, patterns of behavior, standards of activity designed to ensure orderliness, sustainability and stability of social interaction between individuals and social groups. The set of norms operating in a particular community constitutes an integral system, the various elements of which are interdependent. Social norms can issue warnings and prohibitions on people's behavior.

Correct answer: 2.

8. Which social group is identified based on demographic characteristics?

1) economics teachers

2) employers

3) Petersburgers

4) men

Explanation.

Economics teachers are a professional attribute; employers - economic sign; Petersburgers - territorial; men - demographic.

Correct answer: 4.

9. The set of interconnected social groups that make up the internal structure of society is called

1) social inequality

2) social structure

3) social mobility

4) social institution

Explanation.

Social structure is a set of interconnected elements that make up the internal structure of society.

Social inequality is a form of social differentiation in which individuals, social groups, layers, classes are at different levels of the vertical social hierarchy and have unequal life chances and opportunities to meet needs.

A social institution (lat. institutum establishment, establishment) is a historically established form of organizing the joint life activities of people, arising from the need to satisfy the social needs of society.

Social mobility, a change by an individual or group in a social position, a place occupied in the social structure.

Correct answer: 2.

10. Socially significant features that determine a person’s position in society include

1) level of education

2) worldview

3) physical data

4) characteristics of temperament

Explanation.

A person's position in society depends on:

1) level of education;

2) personal qualities (abilities, talents, degree of personality development);

3) social roles performed by a person;

4) belonging to any public-social organizations;

5) the economic situation of a person.

Correct answer: 1.

11. Siberians, Urals - this

1) national communities

2) territorial communities

3) ethnic groups

4) professional-regional groups

Explanation.

People of different nationalities and professions can live in Siberia and the Urals.

Correct answer: 2.

12. In our country, more than 80% of women aged 30 to 50 work. This indicator reflects

1) gender and age structure

2) employment structure of the population

3) professional structure

4) continuity of generations

Explanation.

Attitude to work is a sign of the employment structure.

Correct answer: 2.

13. Tribal community, as opposed to nationality

1) characterized by a common language

2) appears with the emergence of the state

3) based on blood relationship

4) unites patriarchal families

Explanation.

Pre-class society is represented by such forms of community of people as clan and tribe.

Clan - a group of blood relatives descending along the same line.

A tribe is an association of several clans.

A nationality is a historically established community of people, united by a common territory, language, culture, follows the tribe and precedes the nation.

Correct answer: 3.

14.

1) natural status

2) social role

3) achieved status

4) public prestige

Explanation.

Types of statuses:

3. Mixed (disabled).

Correct answer: 1.

15.

1) development of new technologies

Explanation.

Family functions:

2. social status;

3. household;

4. emotional;

5. sexy;

6. socialization of children;

7. recreational - leisure activities.

Correct answer: 4.

16.

1) multigenerational

2) small (nuclear)

3) patriarchal

4) incomplete

Explanation.

Correct answer: 2.

17. The distinctive feature of a nation as an ethnic community is

) common language and spiritual culture

2) sovereignty in foreign policy

3) presence of public authority

4) variety of property relations

Explanation.

Correct answer: 1.

18. What is the characteristic feature of a nation?

1) community of historical memory

2) the presence of a political system

3) competitiveness

4) presence of control apparatus

Explanation.

A nation is a historically established community, characterized by developed economic ties, common territory, language, culture, psychological make-up, and self-awareness.

Correct answer: 1.

19. Officers, teachers, miners form groups

1) class

2) ethnic

3) regional

4) professional

Explanation.

The main difference is professional affiliation; they can live in the same region and be of the same nationality.

Correct answer: 4.

20. Both class and nation

1) have sovereignty

2) are an element of the social structure

3) characterized by a certain place in the production system

4) exercise public power

Explanation.

Class is a community distinguished in relation to property and the social division of labor.

Nations emerge during the period of development of capitalist relations.

A nation is a historically established community, characterized by developed economic ties, common territory, language, culture, psychological make-up, and self-awareness.

Correct answer: 2.

21.

1) social status

2) social stratification

3) socialization

4) social status

Explanation.

Each person occupies a certain position in society, which is determined by:

1. Income - the amount of cash receipts of an individual or family for a certain period of time (salary, benefits, pension, scholarship, alimony). Wealth is accumulated income.

2. Education

3. Power

4. Prestige is the respect that a particular specialty enjoys in public opinion.

Correct answer: 2.

22. The Nikolaev family consists of a mother, daughter and school-age son. What type of family can this be classified as?

1) patriarchal

2) traditional

3) nuclear

4) multi-generational

Explanation.

The family is, according to traditional ideas, the basic unit of society, characterized, in particular, by the following integral stable features.

Main types of family (nuclear, complex, complete, incomplete).

Nuclear families are families consisting of one married couple with children.

Complex family - other relatives are added to the family core, both in the ascending line (grandparents, great-grandparents) and in the collateral lines (various relatives of each spouse). It may also include several married couples, the members of which are related by kinship and joint farming.

Correct answer: 3.

23.

Explanation.

Correct answer: 4.

24. A distinctive feature of an ethnic group is

1) common economic space

2) the presence of a common language

3) unified political system

4) general legislation

Explanation.

Ethnicity is a set of people who have a common culture and are aware of this commonality as an expression of a common historical destinies. It is a general concept for a tribe, nationality, nation.

Correct answer: 2.

25. N. has been a member of this social group since birth. During his lifetime, he cannot move to another group. To do this, he needs to be born again. His social position is enshrined in the religious beliefs of a given people. What social group does N. belong to?

1 class

2) stratum

3) caste

4) class

Explanation.

Each person occupies a certain position in society, which is determined.

Strat is a social layer of people who have similar characteristics in terms of income, power, education and prestige.

Social stratification is the division of society into strata in a hierarchical order.

Correct answer: 3.

26. The division of society into groups is called

1) social status

2) social stratification

3) socialization

4) social status

Explanation.

Social stratification is the division of society into strata in a hierarchical order.

Historical types of stratification:

1. Slavery. Patriarchal (relation to the owner as a father) and classical (slave as a tool of labor).

2. Caste - social. a group to which a person is born as a member.

3. Class - social. a group whose members differ in rights and responsibilities, established by law and transmitted by inheritance.

4. Class - a large group of people, differing in their place in social production, in relation to the means of production, and role in the social organization of labor.

Correct answer: 2.

27. The social sphere of society includes relations between

1) state governments

2) entrepreneurs of one state

3) state and entrepreneur

4) state and pensioner

Explanation.

Traditionally, there are four main spheres of public life:

1) social (peoples, nations, classes, sex and age groups, etc.);

2) economic (productive forces, production relations);

3) political (state, parties, socio-political movements);

4) spiritual (religion, morality, science, art, education).

Correct answer: 4.

28. What are the main functions of the family?

1) development of new technologies

2) maintaining political stability

3) raising the cultural level

4) raising children and teenagers

Explanation.

Family functions:

1. reproductive - biological reproduction of the population;

2. social status;

3. household;

4. emotional;

5. sexy;

6. socialization and education of children;

7. recreational leisure activities.

Correct answer: 4.

29. A person's nationality is a characteristic of his

1) natural status

2) social role

3) achieved status

4) public prestige

Explanation.

Types of statuses:

1. Assigned - the status into which a person is born or which is assigned to him over time (age, gender, race, nationality, royal family, in-laws).

2. Achieved - a status that a person received thanks to his efforts, desire or luck (profession, husband, millionaire, world champion).

3. Mixed (disabled).

Correct answer: 1.

30. In modern Western countries, the most common family

1) many generations

2) small (nuclear)

3) patriarchal

4) incomplete

Explanation.

The family is, according to traditional ideas, the basic unit of society, characterized, in particular, by the following integral stable features.

Main types of family (nuclear, complex, complete, incomplete).

Nuclear families are families consisting of one married couple with children.

Correct answer: 2.

31. The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and groups. What social group is identified on a territorial basis?

1) peasants2) Ryazanians3) Russians4) passengers

Explanation. Ryazan residents are identified based on territoriality; they live in Ryazan.

Correct answer: 2.

32. Which social group is distinguished on a political basis?

1) Catholics

2) conservatives

3) intelligentsia

4) peasants

Explanation On a political basis, conservatives are identified, a political direction that operates within the framework of preserving the old order.

Correct answer: 2.

33. A social stratum (group) in which a person owes membership solely by his birth is called

1) class2) estate3) stratum4) caste

Explanation A social stratum (group) in which a person owes membership solely by his birth is called a caste.

Correct answer: 4

34. Small social groups include

1) teachers working in the same city

2) members of the national association of ecologists

3) small peoples of the Far North

4) football team

Explanation. A small group is a small group whose members

united by common social activities and are in direct personal

communication, which is the basis for the emergence of emotional relationships, group

norms and group processes. Based on this definition, the only correct answer is answer 4

35. What sign determines whether a person belongs to the social group of Siberians?

1) ethnic

2) territorial

3) confessional

4) demographic

Explanation.

Siberians are identified on a territorial basis.

Correct answer: 2

36. Which of the following statuses is prescribed?

1) man

2) professor

3) mother

4) car owner

Explanation.

A prescribed status is one that is obligatory. Only the first one fits this definition, everything else may or may not. This means that these are achieved statuses.

Correct answer: 1

37. The method of resolving a conflict through mutual concessions of the parties is called

1) confrontation

2) mediation

3) compromise

4) suppression

Explanation.

Conflict is a clash of different interests; a natural process that should not be feared. The method of resolving a conflict through mutual concessions of the parties is called compromise.

Correct answer: 3

38. Social mobility is

2) an individual’s change in his social status

Explanation.

Correct answer: 2

39. Clan, tribe, nationality are examples

1) demographic groups

2) ethnic communities

3) public strata

4) historically established types of society

Explanation.

It is customary to distinguish four main types of ethnic groups - clan, tribe, nationality and nation, which differ in the level of development of culture, economy, knowledge, etc.

Correct answer: 2

40. Social mobility is

1) clash of social interests

2) the possibility of changing one’s social status

3) the presence of interaction between different social groups

4) basis for social stratification

Explanation.

Social mobility is the possibility of changing a social stratum. The concept of social mobility is close in meaning to the concept of a social elevator or career.

Correct answer: 2

41. What feature determines the miners' belonging to a social group?

1) amount of income

2) level of education

3) age

4) profession

Explanation.

Miner is a profession.

Correct answer: 4

42. Refers to ethnic social group

1) youth

2) Siberians

3) class

4) Buryats

Explanation. The ethnic division is based on national and tribal characteristics.

Correct answer: 4

43. Demographic social group includes

) middle class

2) Russians

3) youth

4) Siberians

Explanation.

The demographic feature of the selection is gender and age characteristics.

Correct answer: 3

44. The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and groups. What social group is identified on a territorial basis?

1) peasants

2) Ryazan residents

3) Russians

4) passengers

Explanation.

Ryazan - a person living in Ryazan

Correct answer: 2

45.

1) common preferences in clothing

2) direct personal contacts

3) organization of shared life

Explanation.

Only a family has a common way of life. Everything else is possible for other social groups, for example. class.

Correct answer: 3

46. There are different typologies of families. Which of the following family types is distinguished depending on the size of the family?

1) democratic

2) liberal

3) nuclear

4) patriarchal

Explanation.

1) democratic 2) liberal - the nature of the relationship

3) nuclear - no more than two generations

4) patriarchal - the nature of the relationship.

Correct answer: 3

47. Social scientists use the concept of “social conflict” to mean

1) society’s reactions to human behavior

2) clashes of opposing interests

3) the significance of the individual’s social status

4) a socially dangerous criminal act

Explanation.

Conflict (lat. conflictus - collided) is the most acute way of resolving contradictions in interests, goals, views that arise in the process of social interaction.

Correct answer: 2

48. Which of the following is a significant feature for determining the social structure of a society?

1) cognitive interests of people

2) character traits of people

3) mental abilities of people

4) level of education of people

Explanation.

Society is divided into strata based on 4 criteria: income, education, power and prestige.

Correct answer: 4

49. What social role is typical for both an adult and a teenager?

1) family member

2) director of the company

3) guardian

4) primary school student

Explanation.

Both are family members. 2.3 - only adults, 4 - teenagers.

Correct answer: 1

50. The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and groups in the diversity of their connections. Which social group is distinguished on a political basis?

1) Voronezh residents

2) democrats

3) officers

4) women

Explanation.

1) Voronezh residents - territorial

2) democrats political

3) professional officers

4) women demographic

Correct answer: 2

51. What makes a family different from other small groups?

1) spending leisure time together

2) joint farming

3) common interests

4) the presence of group rules and norms

Explanation.

Correct answer: 2

52. What makes a family different from other small groups?

1) implementation of joint activities

2) organization of shared life, household

3) the presence of common preferences in clothing

4) spending leisure time together

Explanation.

1.3. 4 - may also be typical for other social groups, for example, a class at school.

Correct answer: 2

Social science. 9th grade. Training “Social structure of society. Manifold
1
social groups"

“The social structure of society. Diversity of social
groups"
Training tasks

ideological basis?
1) conservatives
2) migrants

3) pensioners
4) Muslims

Answer:
2

The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and
groups. Which social group is identified based on professional characteristics?
1) passengers
2) doctors

3) pensioners
4) townspeople

Answer:
3

A set of interconnected social communities and groups scientists
called
1) social structure
2) social inequality

3) social mobility
4) social policy

Answer:
4

The structure of society is represented by a set of social communities and
groups in the diversity of their connections. Which social group is identified by
confessional basis?
1) landowners
2) conservatives

3) Udmurts
4) Muslims

Answer:
5

Which social group is distinguished on a political basis?
1) Catholics

2) conservatives 3) intelligentsia 4) peasants

Answer:

StatGrad consent is prohibited

2
social groups"

Small social groups include
1)
2)
3)
4)

Teachers working in the same city
members of the national association of ecologists
small peoples of the Far North
football team

Answer:
7

Clan, tribe, nationality are examples
1)
2)
3)
4)

Demographic groups
ethnic communities
social strata
historically established types of society

Answer:
8

A social stratum (group) in which a person is solely obliged to belong
its birth is called
1) class

2) class

3) stratum

4) caste

Answer:
9

What sign determines a person’s membership in a social group?
Siberians?
1) ethnic
2) territorial

3) confessional
4) demographic

Answer:
10

What feature determines the miners' belonging to a social group?
1) amount of income
2) level of education

3) age
4) profession

© StatGrad 2014−2015 academic year. d. Publication on the Internet or in print without written
StatGrad consent is prohibited

Social science. 9th grade. Training “Social structure of society. Manifold
3
social groups"

In country Z, a public opinion poll was conducted in 2010,
which respondents were asked to answer the question “What professions
do you consider the most prestigious and profitable? Survey results
(as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the table.

Lawyer
economist
medic
entrepreneur
civil servant
manager
serviceman
scientist
athlete
worker
11

Kudos
professions, %
respondents

Profitability
professions, %
respondents
30
20
15
12
10
6
3
2
1
1

28
17
5
20
15
10
2
0
3
0

Find in the list below conclusions that can be drawn based on
tables, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Almost a third of residents of country Z consider the legal profession to be prestigious and
bringing good income.
2) A fifth of residents of country Z believe that the profession of financier
is the most prestigious.
3) Residents of country Z consider the civil service to be the least profitable.
4) The profitability of the military profession is assessed positively by a third
residents of country Z.
5) Every tenth respondent believes that a high income can
bring the profession of manager.
Answer:

© StatGrad 2014−2015 academic year. d. Publication on the Internet or in print without written
StatGrad consent is prohibited

Social science. 9th grade. Training “Social structure of society. Manifold
4
social groups"

The survey results, reflected in the table, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly
follow from the information obtained during the survey? Write down the numbers below
by which they are indicated.
1) Professions related primarily to work in budgetary
institutions are the most prestigious, from the point of view of residents
countries Z.
2) According to the majority of surveyed residents of country Z, the most
prestigious and profitable professions require legal
literacy.
3) Ideas about the prestige of a profession always coincide with expectations of its profitability.
4) Half the number of residents of country Z considers their profession
hired manager of the most prestigious and profitable than owning and
managing your own business.
5) A high level of physical activity is the determining indicator that residents of country Z focus on when they call
prestigious professions.
Answer:

© StatGrad 2014−2015 academic year. d. Publication on the Internet or in print without written
StatGrad consent is prohibited

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