What are the dark spots on the surface of the moon called? Mysterious lights on the moon. Names of seas, bays, lakes and swamps on the visible side of the Moon

The science

When the moon is full, the bright light of the moon draws our attention, but the moon holds other secrets that may surprise you.

1. There are four types of lunar months

Our months are roughly the length of time our natural satellite takes to complete its phases.

From excavations, scientists have discovered that since the Paleolithic era, people have counted the days by associating them with the phases of the moon. But in fact there are four different types lunar months.

1. Anomalistic- the length of time it takes the Moon to go around the earth, measured from one perigee (the closest point of the Moon's orbit to the Earth) to another, which takes 27 days, 13 hours, 18 minutes, 37.4 seconds.

2. nodal- the length of time it takes the moon to pass from the point of intersection of the orbits and return to it, which takes 27 days, 5 hours, 5 minutes, 35.9 seconds.

3. Sidereal- the length of time it takes the moon to go around the earth, guided by the stars, which takes 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.5 seconds.

4. synodic- the length of time it takes the moon to go around the earth, being guided by the sun (this is the time interval between two serial connections with the Sun - the transition from one new moon to another), which takes 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.7 seconds. The synodic month is taken as the basis for many calendars and is used to divide the year.


2. From Earth, we see a little more than half of the moon

Most reference books mention that due to the fact that the Moon rotates only once during each orbit around the Earth, we never see more than half of its entire surface. In truth, we manage to see more during its passage through an elliptical orbit, namely 59 percent.

The rotation speed of the moon is the same, but not its rotation frequency, which allows us to see only the edge of the disk from time to time. In other words, the two movements do not occur perfectly in sync, despite the fact that they converge towards the end of the month. This effect is called libration in longitude.

Thus, the Moon oscillates in the direction of east and west, allowing us to see a little further in longitude from each end. The remaining 41 percent we will never see from the Earth, and if someone were on the other side of the Moon, then he would never see the Earth.


3. It takes hundreds of thousands of moons to match the brightness of the sun.

The apparent magnitude of the Full Moon is -12.7, but the Sun is 14 times brighter at an apparent magnitude of -26.7. The ratio of the brightness of the Sun and the Moon is 398.110 to 1. How many moons would it take to match the brightness of the sun. But all this is a moot point, since there is no way to fit so many moons in the sky.
The sky is 360 degrees, including the half beyond the horizon that we cannot see, and thus there are more than 41,200 square degrees in the sky. The moon corresponds to only half a degree across, giving an area of ​​0.2 square degrees. So you can fill the entire sky, including the half under our feet, with 206,264 full moons and still have 191,836 left to match the brightness of the sun.


4. The first and last quarter of the moon and half as bright as the full moon

If the surface of the moon were like a perfectly smooth billiard ball, then the brightness of its surface would be the same everywhere. In this case, it would be twice as bright.

But the moon has a very uneven terrain, especially near the border of light and shadow. The landscape of the moon is riddled with countless shadows from mountains, boulders, and even the smallest particles of lunar dust. In addition, the surface of the Moon is covered with dark areas. Ultimately, in the first quarter, the moon 11 times less bright than when it is full. In fact, the Moon is a little brighter in the first quarter than in the last, because in this phase, some parts of the moon reflect light better than in other phases.

5. 95 percent of the illuminated moon is half as bright as the full moon

Believe it or not, about 2.4 days before and after the full moon, the moon shines half as brightly. full moon. Although 95 percent of the Moon is illuminated at this time, and to most ordinary observers it will appear to be a full moon, its brightness is about 0.7 magnitudes less than at full phase, making it half as bright.


6. Seen from the Moon, the Earth also goes through phases.

However, these the phases are opposite to the moon phases that we see from Earth. When we see a new moon, the full Earth can be seen from the moon. When the Moon is in the first quarter, then the Earth is in the last quarter, and when the Moon is between the second quarter and the full moon, the Earth is visible in the form of a crescent, and finally, the Earth in a new phase is visible when we see the full moon.

From any point on the Moon (except on the farthest side where the Earth cannot be seen), the Earth is in the same place in the sky.

From the Moon, the Earth appears four times larger than the Full Moon when we observe it, and depending on the state of the atmosphere, shines from 45 to 100 times brighter than the full moon. When the full Earth is visible in the lunar firmament, it illuminates the surrounding lunar landscape with a bluish-gray light.


7. Eclipses also change when viewed from the moon

Not only do the phases change places when viewed from the moon, but also lunar eclipses are solar eclipses as viewed from the moon. In this case, the Earth's disk covers the Sun.

If it completely obscures the Sun, a narrow band of light surrounds the Earth's dark disk, which is illuminated by the Sun. This ring has a reddish tint, as it is due to the combination of sunrise and sunset light that occurs at that moment. This is why during a total lunar eclipse, the moon takes on a reddish or copper hue.

When a total eclipse of the Sun occurs on Earth, an observer from the Moon can see for two or three hours as a small, distinct dark spot slowly moving across the Earth's surface. it dark shadow The moon that falls to Earth is called the umbra. But unlike a lunar eclipse, when the Moon is completely absorbed by the Earth's shadow, the Moon's shadow is smaller by several hundred kilometers when it touches the Earth, appearing only as a dark spot.


8. The craters of the moon are named according to certain rules.

Lunar craters were formed by asteroids and comets that collided with the Moon. It is believed that only on the near side of the moon approximately 300,000 craters, more than 1 km wide.

craters named after scientists and researchers. For example, Copernicus crater was named after Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who discovered in the 1500s that the planets revolve around the sun. Archimedes Crater named after mathematician Archimedes, who made many mathematical discoveries in the 3rd century BC.

Tradition assign personal names to lunar formations started in 1645 Michael van Langren(Michael van Langren ) , a Brussels engineer who named the main features of the moon after the kings and great people on earth. On his lunar map, he named the largest lunar plain ( oceanus procellarum) in honor of their patron saint Spanish Philip IV.

But just six years later, Giovanni Battista Riccoli ( Giovanni Battista Riccioli ) from Bologna created his lunar map, removing the names he gave van Langren and instead assigned the names of mostly famous astronomers. His map became the basis of a system that has survived to this day. In 1939, British Astronomical Association released a catalog of officially named lunar formations. " Who's Who on the Moon", indicating the names of all formations adopted International Astronomical Union(MAC).

To date MAC continues to decide what names to give to craters on the Moon, along with names for all astronomical objects. MAC organizes the naming of each specific celestial body around a specific topic.

The names of craters today can be divided into several groups. As a rule, the craters of the moon were called in honor of deceased scientists, scientists and researchers who have already become known for their contributions in their respective fields. So craters around the crater Apollo and Seas of Moscow on the Moon will be named after American astronauts and Russian cosmonauts.


9. The moon has a huge temperature range.

If you start looking on the Internet for data on the temperature on the moon, you will most likely get confused. According to the data NASA, the temperature at the Moon's equator varies from very low (-173 degrees Celsius at night) to very high (127 degrees Celsius during the day). In some deep craters near the Moon's poles, the temperature is always around -240 degrees Celsius.

During a lunar eclipse, when the Moon moves towards the Earth's shadow, in just 90 minutes, surface temperatures can drop by 300 degrees Celsius.


10. The moon has its own time zones

It is quite possible to tell the time on the moon. In fact, in 1970 the company Helbros Watches(Helbros Watches) asked Kenneth L. Franklin ( Kenneth L. Franklin ) , who for many years was the chief astronomer at the New York Hayden Planetariums create watches for astronauts who set foot on the surface of the moon. This clock measured time in so-called " Lunations" - the time it takes the Moon to revolve around the Earth. Each Lunation corresponds to 29.530589 days on Earth.

For the moon, Franklin developed a system called lunar time. He imagined the local lunar time zones according to the standard time zones on Earth, but based on meridians, 12 degrees wide. They will be called uncomplicated " 36 degrees east" etc., but it is possible that other more memorable names will be adapted, such as " Copernican time", or " time of western calm".


What are lunar seas

Even with the naked eye, you can see light and dark spots on the moon. dark spots- these are large and medium, slightly hilly plains of solidified lava, which have been called seas for 300 years, because astronomers of that time took spots for seas. They didn't know then that there was no water on the moon. bright places- these are long mountain chains, which are called by the names of mountains on Earth. Thus, there are lunar Alps and lunar Apennines.

The most noticeable formations on the Moon are craters. Large craters are larger than 200 km , the smallest - this was confirmed by the astronauts - only a few millimeters.

It used to be thought that lunar craters are extinct volcanoes. But even before the astronauts landed on the Moon, astronomers were convinced that the craters were scars from countless meteorites that had ever fallen on the surface of the Moon. Since there is no atmosphere on the Moon, fragments from the Universe rush to the Moon at an incredible cosmic speed.

What is on the moon

To destIn the early years of the Moon, when the Solar System first appeared, the number of fragments in space and the frequency of their hitting the Moon were much greater than today, so many lunar craters are as old as the Moon itself. lunar landscape it's pre red-preservedmuseum of lunar history. The only causes of weathering arethe sun shinester, meteorite dustand strong swingsday and night themesperatur. Weathering affects only a few upper centimeters of the lunar surface. One of the astronauts said that everything on the Moon looks like it hasn't been dusted for billions of years.

Long ago there were active volcanoes on the Moon. Probably Moon seas- these are the remains of broadband lava flows, which, like terrestrial lava, consist of deep rocks basalt and olivine . The lunar surface was destroyed by the fall of large meteorites; this has led to such lava floods in some places.

The surface of the moon is indented by numerous scars from meteorites. It shows the crater Reinhold 40 km wide, the crater Copernicus 90 km wide. Pictures of these craters were taken from a comic corbal " Apollo - 12"

How did the moon appear

Today they already know exactly how old the moon is and how it appeared. The Earth and the Moon are very close to each other, they are almost the same size, so we can even talk about double planets. The study of the lunar soil showed that the Moon and the Earth appeared at about the same time, about four and a half billion years ago, and probably in the same place. The Moon is something like the ancient Earth; its constituent parts most likely deviated from the Earth during the collision of the planet with giant meteorites.

Immediately after its formation, the Moon was closer to us than it is today. The distance was equal to two diameters of the Earth, the Moon made one revolution around the Earth in just 2.5 hours. in this case, both tide-forming forces influenced each other.

Because of them, the speed of the Earth's rotation slowed down by 24 hours in 4.5 billion years. At the same time, the rotation of a huge tidal wave of lava on the then liquid Moon stopped, until the Moon froze in this state. At the same time, the Moon always turns towards us only reverse side, but our osmic ships. flew around and took pictures.

The moon has been moving farther and farther away from the earth since its inception. If earlier it was removed to a distance equal to two diameters of the Earth, now it has grown to 30 diameters and gradually becomes even more painful.shea m.

Moon phases s Sometimes we see the moonin the form of a narrow sickle, then a crescent and then a full moon. We are talking about the waxing or waning moon, that is, the Earth's satellite goes through various phases from the new moon to the full moon and back. The phases are shown in the figure on the left.


There was once a woman named Viovio who had a son named Ganumi. When he was still an infant, his mother became pregnant again. This spoiled her milk, and Ganumi stopped suckling. He lay hungry and dirty, his mother did not wash him and only sometimes gave him a little sago.

Shortly before the birth, a corner was curtained on her in the house, and there she gave birth. She did not throw away the mat with blood stains, and one day, when everyone had gone to work in the gardens, she put Ganumi on it and also left. Ganumi immediately jumped to his feet and shouted:

- Oh, what is this red here?

And then Ganumi became a parrot from a boy. His body was covered with feathers, a beak appeared, and it became all red - like blood stains on a mat. The parrot flew up to the roof of the hut, and then flew to where Viovio was making sago and landed on a nearby sago palm. The woman thought: “I have never seen such a bird, how beautiful it is!” And the bird cried out in the language of red parrots:

Viovio, do you recognize me?

The woman threw some sago to the bird and said:

Why is this bird calling my name? The parrot flew to another tree, dropped its feathers,

became a boy again and said:

- You didn't recognize me? But you gave birth to me - you, not another woman. Now I will leave you. Trees will become my home, I will eat coconuts, and now they will call me red cockatoo - pyro.

"Don't talk like that," said the mother, "go downstairs, come back home."

“Now it’s late, I can’t go down, my house will be in the trees. When I was with you, you didn't care about me, and now I'll eat bananas and coconuts and laugh at people.

The red parrot flew away and landed on a sago palm that grew above the stream. Soon the girls came for water, and one of them, whose name was Gebae, saw the reflection of a parrot and thought that the bird was there, in the water. She jumped into the stream to catch it, but the bird was not there.

Why did you jump into the water? another girl said to her. “There is a bird, up in the tree.

The parrot flew to the girls, began to flutter over them, and they caught him. Gebe joked:

“I will take him home and hide him there, it will be our husband. She put the parrot in the basket, and when she returned

home, hung the basket near the place where she slept. The girls lay down and fell asleep. In the middle of the night, Ganumi became a human and awakened Gebae.

- Who is it? - she exclaimed.

It's me, pyro. You caught me and put me in a basket.

Gebae said to herself: “I thought it was a parrot, but it turns out to be a person!” The young man went to bed with her, and in the morning returned back to the basket. The next night, he again came to sleep with her, and Gebae became pregnant. Soon other girls began to say: "Look at Hebaya, her nipples have darkened - she must be pregnant." Everyone knew about this, and some women began to scold her, while the rest were silent. Her father and mother also learned that Gebae would have a child. They got very angry, gathered fellow villagers and went with them to kill Ganumi.

The red cockatoo flew to the sago palm, threw off its feathers and put them in the hollow of the palm leaf. People cut down the palm tree on which he was hiding with axes, but Ganumi managed to jump to another, and when they began to cut it, then to the third, and from it to the fourth. He saw his mother in the crowd above and shouted:

Viovio, where can I hide? This is where they kill me. Where is my ladder, mother?

The mother untied the rope that held her skirt and threw the end to Ganumi, but the rope was too short, and then she took out Ganumi's umbilical cord, which she saved. Ganumi shouted:

- They called me pyro, mother, and now they will call me differently! Ganumi will always call me when I shine brightly. Throw me the end of the umbilical cord, mother!

The mother firmly grasped the end of the rope with the umbilical cord tied in her hand and threw him another - she wanted to pull her son from the tree and hide it in her basket. Ganumi grabbed the end of the umbilical cord and Viovio yanked it towards her with all her might. But Ganumi held on tightly to the tree, and from Viovio’s jerk, it first bent towards her, and then straightened again - with such force that Ganumi’s mother was thrown into the sky, and after her Ganumi himself, holding on to the end of the umbilical cord. There Viovio caught him and put him in her basket, and in it she carries him in heaven to this day.

On the leaves and trunks of sago palms there is a white coating that looks like flour. Ganumi, when he jumped from palm tree to palm tree, smeared his face in it, and since then it has been white. When Ganumi peeks out of her mother's basket, people see a new moon; then he sticks out his face more and more. Sometimes the mother hides the basket behind her back, and then the moon is not visible at all. Mother cannot be seen, only her fingers are sometimes visible in front of Ganumi's face - these are the spots that we see on the moon.

About why Ganumi's face is white, they tell in a different way. It is said that once, when he was still small, his mother was frying sago, and he was crying and begging to be given it. Angry, she tossed him a handful, the sago covered Ganumi's face, and now there are dark spots where it got burnt.

Part of the sago that stuck to his face was thrown off by Ganumi, and it fell on palm trees and even on the ground - crumbs of this sago are still found, and if a young man eats such a crumb, all the girls will love him. For this, the crumb is sometimes placed under the boy's arm, or rubbed with it on the shell that the young man wears around his neck, or smeared with it on a long feather that adorns his head - it sways back and forth and lures the girls. "Little moon" is also sometimes smeared, if they want to kill a fat dugong, a rope to which a harpoon is tied, and one of the dogs is also given if the hunter wants to drive a fat wild pig.

Everyone knows how Ganumi appeared, and sometimes lovers, having met, repeat his conversation with Gebae. "Who are you?" the girl asks. “I am a pyro,” the young man replies, “I am Ganumi.”

For many millennia, people have been watching the amazing celestial body, called the Earth's satellite - the Moon. The first astronomers noticed dark areas of various sizes on its surface, considering them to be seas and oceans. What are these spots, really?

Characteristics of the Moon as a satellite of the Earth


The Moon is the closest to the Sun and the only satellite of our planet, as well as the second clearly visible celestial body in the sky. This is the only object of astronomy that has been visited by man.

There are several hypotheses for the origin of the moon:

  • The destruction of the planet Phaethon, which collided with a comet while orbiting the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Part of its fragments rushed to the Sun, and one to the Earth, forming a system with a satellite.
  • During the destruction of Phaeton, the remaining core changed its orbit, "turning" into Venus, and the Moon is a former satellite of Phaeton, which the Earth captured into its orbit.
  • The moon is the preserved core of Phaethon after its destruction.
With the first telescopic observations, scientists were able to view the moon much closer. At first, they perceived the spots on its surface as water spaces similar to those on the earth. Also, through a telescope on the surface of the Earth's satellite, you can see mountain ranges and bowl-shaped depressions.

But over time, when they learned about the temperature on the Moon, reaching +120°C during the day and -160°C at night, and about the absence of an atmosphere, they realized that there could be no talk of water on the Moon. By tradition, the name "Lunar seas and oceans" has remained.

A more detailed study of the Moon began with the first landing of the Soviet Luna-2 apparatus on its surface in 1959. The subsequent Luna-3 apparatus for the first time made it possible to capture its reverse side, which remains invisible from the Earth, in the pictures. In 1966, with the help of the lunar rover, the structure of the soil was established.

On July 21, 1969, a significant event took place in the world of astronautics - the landing of a man on the moon. These heroes were the Americans Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin. Although in recent years many skeptics have been talking about the falsification of this event.

The Moon is located at a great distance from the Earth by human standards - 384,467 km, which is approximately 30 diameters of the globe. In relation to our planet, the Moon has a diameter slightly larger than a quarter of the Earth, makes a complete revolution around it in an elliptical orbit in 27.32166 days.

The moon is made up of a crust, mantle and core. Its surface is covered with a mixture of dust and rocky debris formed from constant collisions with meteorites. The atmosphere of the Moon is very rarefied, which leads to a sharp fluctuation in temperatures on its surface - from -160°C to +120°C. At the same time, at a depth of 1 meter, the temperature of the rock is constant and amounts to -35°C. Due to the rarefied atmosphere, the sky on the Moon is constantly black, and not blue, as on Earth in clear weather.

Moon surface map


Observing the Moon from the Earth, even with the naked eye, one can see on it light and dark spots of various shapes and sizes. The surface is literally dotted with craters of various diameters, from a meter to hundreds of kilometers.

In the 17th century, scientists decided that the dark spots were the lunar seas and oceans, believing that there was water on the Moon, just like on Earth. Light areas were considered land. A map of the Moon's seas and craters was first drawn by the Italian scientist Giovanni Riccioli in 1651. The astronomer even gave them their own names, which are still used today. We will learn about them a little later. After the discovery by Galileo of the mountains on the moon, they began to be given names in the likeness of the Earth.

Craters are special ring mountains called cirques, they also got their names in honor of the great scientists of antiquity. After the discovery and photography by Soviet astronomers using spacecraft of the far side of the Moon, craters with the names of Russian scientists and researchers appeared on the map.

All this is plotted in detail on the lunar map of both its hemispheres, used in astronomy, because a person does not lose hope not only to land on the moon again, but also to build bases, establish a search for minerals and create a colony for a full-fledged life.

Mountain systems and craters on the moon

Craters on the Moon are the most common landform. These multiple traces of the work of meteorites and asteroids over millions of years can be seen on a clear night on a full moon without the help of optical instruments. Upon closer examination, these works of space art amaze with their originality and grandeur.

History and origin of "moon scars"


Back in 1609, the great scientist Galileo Galilei designed the world's first telescope and had the opportunity to observe the moon in multiple magnification. It was he who noticed all kinds of funnels on its surface, surrounded by "ring" mountains. He called them craters. Now let's find out why there are craters on the Moon and how they formed.

All of them basically formed after the formation of the solar system, when it was bombarded by celestial bodies left after the destruction of the planets, which rushed through it in huge numbers at crazy speed. Almost 4 billion years ago, this era ended. The earth got rid of these effects due to atmospheric influences, but the moon, devoid of an atmosphere, did not.

Astronomers' opinions about the origins of craters have been constantly changing over the centuries. Considered such theories as volcanic origin and the hypothesis of the formation of craters on the moon with the help of " space ice". A more detailed study of the lunar surface, which became available in the 20th century, nevertheless, in its overwhelming majority, proves the impact theory from the impact of a collision with meteorites.

Description of lunar craters


Galileo in his reports and writings compared lunar craters with eyes on the tails of peacocks.

The ring-shaped appearance is the most important feature of the lunar mountains. You won't find them on Earth. Outwardly, the lunar crater is a depression, around which high round shafts rise, with which the entire surface of the Moon is dotted.

Lunar craters bear some resemblance to terrestrial volcanic craters. Unlike the earthly ones, the peaks of the lunar mountains are not so sharp, they are more round in shape with an oblong shape. If you look at the crater from the sunny side, you can see that the shadow from the mountains inside the crater is greater than the shadow outside. From this we can conclude that the bottom of the crater is lower than the surface of the satellite.

The sizes of craters on the Moon can vary in diameter and depth. The diameter can be both scanty up to several meters, and huge, reaching more than one hundred kilometers.

The larger the crater, the correspondingly deeper. The depth can reach 100 m. The outer shaft of large "lunar bowls" for more than 100 km rises up to 5 km above the surface.

Of the relief features that distinguish lunar craters, the following can be distinguished:

  1. Inner slope;
  2. External slope;
  3. The depth of the crater bowl itself;
  4. System and length of rays diverging from the outer shaft;
  5. The central peak at the bottom of the crater, which is found in large ones, is more than 25 km in diameter.
In 1978, Charles Wood developed a peculiar classification of craters on the visible side of the Moon, which differ from each other in size and appearance:
  • Al-Battani C - a spherical crater with a sharp shaft, up to 10 km in diameter;
  • Bio - the same Al-Battani C, but with a flat bottom, from 10 to 15 km;
  • Sozigen - an impact crater ranging in size from 15 to 25 km;
  • Trisnecker is a lunar crater up to 50 km in diameter, with a sharp peak in the center;
  • Tycho - craters with a terraced slope and a flat bottom, over 50 km.

The largest craters on the moon


The history of the study of lunar craters can be read by the names given by their explorers. As soon as Galileo discovered them with a telescope, many scientists who tried to create a map came up with their own names for them. The lunar mountains of the Caucasus, Vesuvius, the Apennines appeared ...

Names were given to craters in honor of the scientists Plato, Ptolemy, Galileo, in honor of St. Catherine. After the promulgation of the map of the reverse side by Soviet scientists, the crater named after. Tsiolkovsky, Gagarin, Korolev and others.

The largest officially listed crater is Hertzsprung. Its diameter is 591 km. It is invisible to us, as it is located on the invisible side of the moon. It is a huge crater in which smaller ones are located. Such a structure is called a multi-ring structure.

The second largest crater bears the name Grimaldi, named after the Italian physicist. Its diameter is 237 km. Crimea can be freely located inside it.

The third huge lunar crater is Ptolemy. Its width in diameter is about 180 km.

Oceans and seas on the moon

The lunar seas are also a bizarre shape of the relief of the satellite's surface in the form of huge dark spots, attracting the eyes of more than one generation of astronomers.

The concept of the sea and ocean on the moon


For the first time the seas appeared on the maps of the Moon after the invention of the telescope. Galileo Galilei, who first examined these dark spots, suggested that these were water spaces.

Since then, they began to be called seas and appeared on the maps after a detailed study of the surface of the visible part of the Moon. Even after it turned out that there is no atmosphere on the Earth’s satellite and there is no possibility of the presence of moisture, they did not fundamentally change it.

The seas on the Moon - strange dark valleys on its visible part from the Earth, are huge low-lying areas with a flat bottom, filled with magma. Billions of years ago, volcanic processes left an indelible mark on the relief of the lunar surface. Huge areas extend over distances from 200 to 1000 km across.

The seas appear dark to us because they do not reflect sunlight well. The depth from the surface of the satellite can reach 3 km, which boasts the size of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bRains on the Moon.

The largest sea is called the Ocean of Storms. This lowland stretches for 2000 km.

The visible seas on the Moon are located within the ring-shaped mountain ranges, which also have their own names. The Sea of ​​Clarity is located near the Serpent's Ridge. Its diameter is 700 km, but it is not remarkable for this. Of interest are the various colors of lava that stretch along its bottom. A large positive gravity anomaly has been detected in the Sea of ​​Clarity.

The most famous seas, bays and lakes


Of the seas, one can distinguish such as the sea of ​​Humidity, Abundance, Rains, Waves, Clouds, Islands, Crisis, Foam, Known. On the other side of the Moon there is the Sea of ​​Moscow.

In addition to the only Ocean of Storms and seas, there are bays, lakes and even swamps on the Moon, which have their own official names. Let's consider the most interesting ones.

The lakes received such names as the lake of Awe, Spring, Oblivion, Tenderness, Perseverance, Hatred. Bays include Loyalty, Love, Tenderness and Good Luck. The swamps have corresponding names - Rotting, Sleep and Epidemics.


There are some facts related to the seas on the surface of the Earth's satellite:
  1. The Sea of ​​Tranquility on the Moon is known for being the first place where a human foot set foot. In 1969, American astronauts carried out the first landing on the moon in the history of mankind.
  2. Raduga Bay is famous for the exploration of the Lunokhod-1 planetary rover in 1970 near it.
  3. At the Sea of ​​​​Clarity, the Soviet Lunokhod-2 conducted its surface research.
  4. In the Sea of ​​Plenty, the probe "Luna-16" in 1970 took lunar soil for testing and delivered it to Earth.
  5. The Known Sea became famous for the fact that in 1964 the American Ranger-7 probe landed here, which for the first time in history took a close-up photo of the Moon's surface.
What is the moon sea - look at the video:


The seas and craters of the moon, thanks to modern research and pictures, mapped in great detail on the lunar surface. Despite this, the Earth's satellite keeps a lot of secrets and mysteries that have yet to be unraveled by man. The whole world is looking forward to sending the first colony, which will lift the veil of this amazing place in our solar system a little more.

Why do we see circles, dark spots, mountains on the surface of the Moon? On the moon, you can see dark and light spots. The light ones are the lunar seas. In fact, there is not a drop of water in these seas. Previously, people did not know this, which is why they called them seas. Dark spots are flat areas (plains). Lunar craters are visible everywhere on the Moon, which were formed from impacts of meteorites - stones that fell from space. The entire surface of the moon is covered with a thick layer of dust. It looks like it hasn't been dusted for years. On the surface of the moon during the day there is heat up to 130 degrees, and at night - frost - 170 degrees. The moon moves around the earth and circles it once a month.

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"Moon" - The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. And human understanding is wider. Again, the dress is small. - It is evident, and now I was mistaken, - said the tailor. Secret of the Moon. Indeed, the Moon is in close connection with the Earth. The influence of the moon on man and plants. At different times, the Sun illuminates the Moon in different ways. What was a tailor to do? Moon. Why the Moon has no dress (Serbian fairy tale). And all why? "We all come from the moon ...".

"Human nervous system" - Nervous system. Neurons: miraculous cells. Thinking and speech. The autonomic nervous system regulates the internal activities of the body - blood circulation, respiration, digestion. The human nervous system. Spinal cord and human spine. Voluntary movements and reflexes. peripheral system. motor neuron. Natural History Grade 4 Author of the presentation Elena Bredikhina, Tammiku Gymnasium. 2009 Why do we feel pain. Brain.

"Lesson of the CIS countries" - Which country is included in the CIS as an observer? What unites the CIS countries? The CIS also included Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The most recent state to join the CIS was Georgia. The population density in Turkmenistan is 9.6 people per square kilometer. Georgia joined the CIS two years later. What is the CIS. Lesson on the Commonwealth of Independent States (conducted in grades 3-4)

"Quiz for grade 4" - Baby frogs Frogs Tadpoles Leeches. Water Builder Perch Bear Beaver. What plant is the fabric made from? Test for grade 4. Quiz. Bivalves 2. Pike 3. Algae. The main inhabitants of the meadow Birds Insects Mammals. Orderlies of the reservoir Caddisflies Crayfish Frogs. "Live filters" of the reservoir.

"Russia spreads its wings" - Fix. Western. Southeast. Ivanovsky. Chain mail. Grade 4 Serkina V.L. - teacher primary school MOU " secondary school No. 6 "Kogalym. What was on the site of the Red Square under Ivan Kalita? What artisans were especially valued in North-Eastern Russia? Marketplace. Ryazan. Which lands were safer for life? Oriental. Northeast. Moscow. Potters. Why did the Moscow prince get the nickname Ivan Kalita? Princely chambers.

"The world around Tundra" - What natural area did we learn in the last lesson? Occupations of the population of the tundra. Animals. Tundra zone. Tundra and man. Illegal hunting is poaching. Adaptations to life: thick fur, wide hooves. Lesson plan. Severe winter (frost down to -50C) Cool short summer. natural conditions tundra. Animal world tundra. Deer. R and h to i. Reindeer breeding. Reindeer pastures are trampled down due to the untimely distillation of reindeer to other places. Birds.

 

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