What tree is the bullfinch friends with. Where can a bullfinch live in the summer in Russia. Is it possible to feed birds in the winter in the feeder with crackers, bread, fresh bacon

When winter comes, small red-breasted birds fly to the cities. These are bullfinches, they fly in a ringing flock. Today we will tell you what kind of bird the bullfinch is - whether it flies where in the summer, why it is in the city in winter and why it has a red breast.

Who are called "living lanterns"

The forest in winter cannot boast of a special multi-colored colors. Around white and blue snow and dark green coniferous trees. And suddenly, among this diversity, lights flash - these are red-breasted bullfinches flying from branch to branch.

Are all bullfinches the same?

All types of bullfinches have similar sizes. The birds are small, slightly larger than a sparrow. All have a slightly elongated black tail, a short thick beak and a black cap on their heads.

But the color of thick fluffy plumage in other parts of the body may vary. In males, the entire chest is bright red, almost scarlet. Females are more modestly colored - they have a brownish breast.

There is a species of bullfinches, in which the back is white at the bottom, and the entire front part, shoulders and neck are gray, which is why they are called so - gray bullfinches. Others have a yellow coloration on their backs, and their name is yellow-backed. The red-headed bullfinch has a cap on its head that is not black, but red. That's how different bullfinches can be.

The red-headed bullfinch (Pyrrhula erythrocephala) is the most mass view of this kind in the Himalayas

In total, 9 species have been identified, and the shades of plumage are different for everyone, so the opinion that all bullfinches have a red breast is erroneous.

Where do bullfinches live

Bullfinches inhabit the entire forest zone of Europe and most of Asia. In Russia, they can be found in all forests where coniferous trees grow, and even in the forest-steppe zone.

The bird is sedentary, but you can watch it only in winter. Often they fly to city parks and gardens to feed, then they can be seen well. Like living lanterns, bullfinches hang on branches.

Bullfinches are calm and friendly birds, fights between them very rarely occur, and the whole flock flies to the squeak of a bird in trouble

But in summer it is difficult to notice them, so some people think that bullfinches fly to other parts. They really fly, but only deep into the dense spruce thicket, where they will build their nests.

Listen to the voice of the bullfinch

The flock flies very beautifully, its flight resembles iridescent river waves.

Bullfinch breeding

As soon as the frosts recede, and the sun warms more, so immediately in February-March, the bullfinches begin to attract each other with their songs. Their low melodic whistling is heard far around. And what is interesting, unlike all birds, females also sing in bullfinches. True, their song is unsightly, similar to a creak.

These birds form a couple in April and begin to build a nest in a hidden, secluded place. For this, impenetrable spruce thickets are just right. They build a nest from small twigs and roots on the thin ends of spruce branches, less often pines. Therefore, the number of bullfinches in spruce forests is much higher than in some others.

Closer to summer, when the chicks are already hatching, the parents begin to molt, so fluff and small feathers are also added to the nest.

The female incubates the eggs, and the male brings food to her throughout the nesting period.

The chicks differ in color from their parents, the color of their feathers is rich brown and there is no black cap on the head.

Toward the end of autumn, the family begins to roam in search of food. And when the snow falls, they become clearly visible. That's why people say: "Bullfinches flew in - they brought winter on wings."

Do bullfinches eat only rowan berries?

Most often, in photos or paintings, these pichugs are depicted sitting on rowan branches. Her berries are their favorite food. Moreover, they do not eat the pulp, but only peck out the seeds. Because of this, gutted red crumbs of berries are always scattered under the tree in the snow.

In general, their nutrition, despite the fact that it is only of plant origin, is quite diverse. In winter, these are seeds of alder, maple, ash, hornbeam, elderberry. In the summer, in the fields, they feast on the seeds of quinoa, burdock, horse sorrel and other herbs.

A quarter of a century ago, in Komsomolskaya Pravda, the famous journalist Vasily Peskov conducted a survey of readers: “What is the most popular bird?”. It turned out that in Russia the most beloved ones are starling, swallow and bullfinch.

Indeed, the bullfinch (along with the brown bear) could now become a living symbol of our cold country. After all, it nests mainly in the coniferous forests of the taiga zone of Eurasia - from Scandinavia to Kamchatka. Among the winter Russian nature poor in colors, elegant flocks of these birds are especially noticeable.

Common bullfinch (scientific name Pyrrhula pyrrhula) was described by Carl Linnaeus over 250 years ago. This is a bird from the Sparrow detachment, like the goldfinch, siskin, chaffinch, crossbill. Everyone knows from childhood how a bullfinch looks like - calm, even phlegmatic, with a quiet voice, somewhat larger than a sparrow, the male has a bright red chest and sides of the head; black cap, chin, wingtips and tail; bluish-gray back; white rump, undertail and wing stripes. Females are hardly noticeable - their red color is replaced by brownish-gray.

The song of the bullfinch does not differ in beauty and sonority, usually the singing bird creaks and whistles softly. Not only males, but also females can sing. They call to each other, uttering a melodic, slightly sad, monophonic whistle.

For its beauty and calm disposition, the bullfinch was a favorite house bird. And today these birds are caught in large numbers by birders. In captivity, they quickly get used to a person, become attached to the owner, often become family favorites, like dogs and cats. The bullfinch has the gift of an artistic whistle and in captivity easily learns simple melodies. In enclosures, with proper nutrition and care, they are even capable of reproduction - they build nests on small Christmas trees, feed chicks. But most often they are kept in cramped cages on monotonous food - and the red color of the plumage of males quickly fades, becomes brown. It's a pity to keep such a sweetheart behind bars!

Bullfinches are herbivorous birds. In the cold season, they prefer ash lionfish, rowan berries, lilac fruits, bird cherry and linden buds. With pleasure they eat weed seeds - quinoa, chicory, horse sorrel, deaf nettle, wormwood. Already in February, bullfinches begin to sing, males amusingly look after females, feed them (females are quite quarrelsome and, opening their beaks wide, hiss at their red-breasted suitors). At the end of April - May, they arrange a nest in the thick of branches in large coniferous or mixed (less often - deciduous) forests. At this time, they become silent and secretive, behave cautiously.

Finding a bullfinch's nest is quite difficult. Therefore, the cases of nesting of these birds in parks and squares of large cities are surprising. So, for example, in the 1980s, a bullfinch's nest was discovered on a thuja in a park near St. Isaac's Cathedral in Leningrad. Bullfinches usually lay 4-5 light blue eggs with red-brown speckles. The chicks spend about two weeks in the nest. Parents feed the young with seeds; insects are rarely caught. They are very good parents. The author observed how a male bullfinch, who lived for a long time in a cage at the station of young naturalists in Ulyanovsk, fed several orphaned great tit chicks at once.

According to legend, the bullfinch selflessly broke needles crown of thorns on the head of the Savior, and one drop of blood fell on his chest, turning it red. Therefore, the bullfinch is a symbolic bird protected by the people. According to scientists, several million bullfinches nest in the taiga of the European part of Russia. But you should not lose sight of them, like other ordinary birds: there are cases of mass smuggling of wild songbirds (bullfinches, siskins, goldfinches, buntings), which were secretly transported from our country for sale in Western Europe, where their capture is prohibited. It is not known how clear-cutting of taiga forests affects the abundance of this species. It is required to study the situation at the southern wintering grounds of bullfinches outside Russia, where their mass death is possible.

The bullfinch, like many northern birds, is very trusting of a person, lets you get close. Now, instead of slingshots, boys, and even adults, buy pneumatic weapons and, having fun, often shoot at birds. The careless bullfinch is the first possible victim of such unfortunate shooters.

If you want to help the birds, attract handsome feathered birds to your home or garden, to the country house, build a feeder. Hang there brushes of mountain ash, viburnum, hawthorn. Even better - plant berry trees and shrubs on your site especially for birds - there they will calmly feed and rest. In such compositions, you can also plant Pennsylvania and common ash, maple, ranetka, shadberry, bird cherry, hops, etc. According to ringing data, bullfinches can fly to feeding places they know for several years in a row, and if coniferous trees grow quietly on your site, they can even nest.

In winter, most of us notice in the city the appearance of beautiful red-chested birds - bullfinches. Basically, they are clearly visible on leafless tree branches and snowy ground. The appearance of a large number of bullfinches is due to the lack of sufficient food in the forest areas for survival, which leads them to the urban area, where people, hearing their sonorous singing, feed them with seeds.

Bullfinch in May

By their nature, bullfinches are trusting and not whimsical, so they feel comfortable among people. If you wish, you can acquire such a bird to keep it on a balcony or in a personal plot, having previously tamed or caught it on the street. Keeping, at first glance, freedom-loving birds, will not at all affect their condition as a whole. But you should not go against nature and specifically catch bullfinches for yourself, it is better to feed them sometimes in a hungry winter.

Appearance

The size of the bullfinch is slightly larger than the sparrow. The feather color of birds is quite bright and memorable:

the head, except for the cheeks, has a black color;
the tail and wings are also covered with black feathers;
the undertail with the loin is white;
cheeks, lower neck, abdomen and sides are painted in bright red. Males have a distinctive gray color on the back, neck and nape.

Depending on the species and region of habitat, bullfinches have slight differences in color. Shoulders with back side the necks, in the female, may have gray plumage, while the back is colored brownish-brown. Sometimes in females, a change in red plumage to gray-brown is observed.

Bullfinch on a branch

Chicks, regardless of gender, are painted in an ocher-brownish color, without highlighting individual parts of the body, as in adult birds.

habitats

Bullfinches are distributed throughout Europe, except for the southern and upper parts of Asia. According to the altitude level of settlement, they are not picky and calmly make nests in low-lying areas and mountainous areas, allocating for themselves places with a sufficient number of trees and forests. These birds do not settle in places with no or few trees. The northern part of the forest is rarely inhabited by bullfinches due to cold winters.

Bullfinches are chosen to populate a place with a clean environment, so in winter they can be admired by residents of cities with a minimum number or total absence industry. Birds feel quite comfortable next to people, so they calmly settle in the city near residential buildings.

The summer forest does not allow you to see the birds, even despite their distinctive color. In winter, the trees empty of foliage and the white background of snow reveals the beauty of their plumage.

Birds live in nests that build on trees (spruces), at a height of no more than 5 meters. They build nests themselves from improvised natural material: twigs, leaves, dry grass and live in them, leaving only for feeding.

To create nests and lay eggs, bullfinches choose spruces located near water bodies. The general behavior of birds is calm and poorly oriented in a new area, which allows both a person and a domestic cat to catch even an adult.

It is worth noting that in a region with severe winters, bullfinches can be overlooked. Although they are frost-hardy, the difficulty of wintering in open nests and the reduction in food lead to migration to warmer regions. Unlike migratory birds, bullfinches do not fly south and are well suited to the change of seasons, subject to mild winters.

What does a bullfinch eat in summer

In summer, bullfinches spend most of their time in fields and meadows. A sufficient amount of meadow grass seeds - provides a full summer. In winter, the fallen seeds are hidden under a layer of snow and it is difficult for the birds to feed themselves, forcing them to fly to places populated by people for the winter.

In addition to a sufficient number of seeds donated by nature, bullfinches love orchards and bushes with berries. Juicy berries in summer or drying up in autumn, birds peck regardless of their place of growth.

Fields sown with sunflowers attract, perhaps, all birds with juicy and satisfying seeds. Unlike other birds, bullfinches very rarely catch midges and other seasonal insects as food, but they do not refuse completely.

What does a bullfinch eat in winter

In winter, most often bullfinches can be seen on the branches of mountain ash and viburnum. Red bright berries not only successfully emphasize the red chest of birds, mountain ash is also their favorite delicacy.

Remaining seeds on maple, ash, alder trees support birds until suitable seeds appear on meadow grasses or buds on trees. In the parks, bullfinches do not refuse to visit the feeders built by people, they only linger in them in the presence of sunflower and pumpkin seeds, oats and millet.

All these delicacies keep bullfinches until the onset of spring, which gives a lot of leafy buds. But often the winter is hungry and because of the small amount of food, which has a strong impact on the reduction of the bird population.

Bullfinch with tree seed.

What feeds the bullfinch chicks

In the first half of May, bullfinch females lay eggs, from which chicks appear after a few weeks. The first few weeks, the chicks are next to the female on full feeding by her. The next 10-15 days, the chicks learn to fly and get their own food. For young individuals, midges, small spiders and bugs must be present in the diet, in addition, females begin to accustom them to collecting seeds from grasses.

The article will tell you how to properly prepare food for wintering birds in the feeders.

A person often feels a desire to take care of "our smaller brothers." If you can't afford to volunteer at animal shelters or donate money to voluntary animal welfare organizations every month, then you can feed the local birds during the winter season. By creating a feeder in your yard or on your balcony, you not only give food to small feathered creatures, you give them a chance to survive, extending their lives for several days, weeks, and a harsh winter.

Of course, you should not expect gratitude from small creatures, they will help you at another time - in the summer, when they start eating harmful insects (mosquitoes, larvae, flies, ants, aphids and worms), which prevent you from growing decent crops. Yes, and you must admit that feeding the birds will not hit your pocketbook, but will bring a pleasant feeling of accomplishment.

IMPORTANT: If you decide to feed the birds in the winter season, when it is difficult for them to find food for themselves, it is important to know that their diet in winter is significantly different from summer. Birds need high-calorie food, but not harmful (otherwise you will simply kill them).

What can you feed:

Food:	Peculiarities:	Who eats:
Sunflower (seeds)	Seeds should make up almost 70-75% of the total feed (they are nutritious and high in calories, they are high in fat)	Tits, woodpeckers, sparrows, nuthatches and other granivorous birds
Millet
Millet	Dry food (often sold as pet parrot food in pet stores)	Sparrows, carduelis, pigeons, greenfinches and other granivorous
oats	Raw or boiled cereals (without spices and oil)	Sparrows, carduelis, pigeons, greenfinches and other granivorous
Wheat	Raw or boiled cereals (without spices and oil)	Sparrows, carduelis, pigeons, greenfinches and other granivorous
Rice	Raw or boiled cereals (without spices and oil)	Sparrows, carduelis, pigeons, greenfinches and other granivorous
Meat	Pieces of raw or dried meat, finely crushed. Without any salt and spices!
Salo	Raw lard without salt! It can be strung on a thread and hung	Tits, nuthatches and other species (crows, jackdaws and magpies may arrive)
Beef fat or chicken	It can be mixed with bread or put separately in the feeder. Fat should not be salty!	Tits, nuthatches and other species (crows, jackdaws and magpies may arrive)
Dried rowan (viburnum, hawthorn)	Berries should be prepared in advance and dried in the fall. They can be put in a feeder or hung with beads.	Bullfinches, waxwings
Maple seeds (lionfish)	They should be collected in the fall when they are sprinkled from the trees. In winter, such food is often inaccessible to birds, as it is covered with foliage. Mud and snow	Bullfinches, waxwings
cones	WITH various kinds coniferous trees, should be collected in the fall	Woodpeckers, crossbills
nuts	Any fresh nuts that are not salted (as store-bought peanuts are) or roasted	Jay woodpeckers and other species
acorns	Gathering in autumn	Jays
Corn	Dried
Grains of watermelon and melon	Good source of fats and nutrients (harvested from summer, dried)	Bullfinches, jays, woodpeckers
Pumpkin seeds	Good source of fats and nutrients (harvested in autumn)	All granivorous bird species
Chicken egg shell	Serves as a good calcium supplement (you can put a piece of natural chalk in the feeder)	For all kinds of birds

What not to feed the birds in the winter in the feeder: a list of products

What you need to know about unhealthy food for birds:

Of course, in winter, birds need fatty foods such as meat and lard. but in no case should it be salty foods, since such food can kill small creatures, provoking dehydration and intoxication in the excretory organs.
Meat, lard and fat should be given neat., you can mix these ingredients with other food (grains, boiled cereals or bread).
You can not give black bread - this product, prepared with rye flour, can cause upset and diarrhea in birds, which will lead to their death. There is a lot of salt in black bread, and it also leads to disruption of the kidneys and liver in birds.
Rye bread can ferment in the goiter of birds and kill them, since there is much more yeast in it than in wheat.

What can not be added to the feeder:

salty foods
fried food
spicy food
acidic foods
Citrus fruits (even the peel)
Peel and fruits of bananas
Milk
roasted nuts
Spicy products

Why can't you feed the birds with salted bacon, fried seeds?

Any disease that affects a bird in the winter season becomes much more dangerous for it than it would be in summer. Gastrointestinal diseases in birds happen quite often, as in harsh winters they can eat junk food in search of survival. This food is offered to them by a person who knows little about the peculiarities of animal nutrition.

INTERESTING: It turns out that chewing gum thrown by a person is often perceived by birds as a piece of bread. They peck it, but after that they die, as the chewing gum completely slows down and clogs their digestive tract.

When offering titmouse and other birds with lard, make sure you cut it out of the non-salted part. Salt is poison for birds. Their kidneys and liver cannot digest and excrete it, and therefore such a product will be certain death for a small creature.

It would seem that sunflower seeds are the most useful food for birds. But only if the seeds are raw. Roasted seeds absorb too much fat and the gastrointestinal tract of birds cannot absorb it, causing poisoning, diarrhea and indigestion, which is very detrimental to most species.

What birds fly to the feeder in winter, and what bird will not appear at the feeder in winter?

When installing a feeder, you should be aware that it is always a source of debris. Therefore, there is no place for feeders on windowsills and balconies of houses (your neighbors may complain). It is best to install it on trees at a height where they will not be accessible to children who want to misbehave and knock it down (or add junk food).

It is possible that along with the "good-natured" birds, you will be able to notice "arrogant" thieves like crows, pigeons, magpies and jackdaws. However, most often they still eat in the feeders:

sparrows
Bullfinches
titmouse
Nuthatch
Jays
Goldfinch
Crossbill
pika
waxwing

What is the best way to feed sparrows, titmice, bullfinches, woodpeckers, waxwings in the winter in the feeder?

If you can afford to buy bird food, then periodically do it in a pet store. There you can easily pick up food from a mixture of millet, oats, wheat and sunflower seeds. This food can be combined with dried rowan berries, slices of white bread (or breadcrumbs), animal fat and lard.

IMPORTANT: The feeder should be updated as the food is eaten. Do not pour too much food at once, because the birds very often empty themselves right during the meal and this spoils some of the food.

What birds eat mountain ash in winter?

The bright red rowan berries often attract birds. These berries, dried by a person and sprinkled in a feeder or left hanging on a tree, serve as food for:

Ryabinnikov
Drozdov
bullfinch
Waxwings

What cereal can be given to birds in the winter in the feeder? Is it possible to feed birds in the winter feeder with millet, corn, wheat, pearl barley, barley groats, buckwheat, oats, oatmeal, rice, oatmeal?

Groats are a satisfying, nutritious and healthy food for all granivorous birds. It can be sprinkled in raw and dry form, boiled, brought to half-cooked. It is important not to add salt to porridge during cooking, not to add sugar and spices, not to pour in oil (the exception is a small amount of natural animal fat: beef or chicken).

What cereal can be given to wintering birds:

Buckwheat
Millet
Oatmeal (hercules, cereal)
Perlovka
corn
Wheat

Is it possible to feed birds in the winter feeder with pumpkin, watermelon, sunflower seeds?

Keeping melon seeds from summer is far from difficult when you eat watermelons, melons and pumpkins. To do this, they should be washed well with running water and dried in the sun from moisture. Such seeds are an excellent nutritious and healthy food for all wintering birds, because they contain dietary fiber and oils. It is easily digested and gives the birds a boost of energy for the winter.

Is it possible to feed birds in the winter in the feeder with crackers, bread, fresh lard?

As already mentioned, bread is not ideal food for birds, but acceptable. However, we are talking only about white and unleavened bread. It should be dried or crushed. It is also allowed to add white bread crackers to the feeder, hanging them on dense threads.

IMPORTANT: If you put pieces of raw, unsalted fat and meat into the feeders, it is also recommended to string them with beads so that the birds do not lose this food, do not drop it from the feeder, do not try to swallow it whole, but pinch off piece by piece.

Video: "Wintering Birds"

Winter is the time for bullfinches. When the trees dress up in snow clothes, it is impossible not to notice the bright feathers of the bullfinch against the background of snow-white hoarfrost. Illuminated by the winter sun, these birds seem to be overseas flowers that accidentally fell into our frosts.

Plumage

A very easily recognizable bird arrives in winter - the bullfinch. Its description is not difficult, since it has a very characteristics plumage, by which everyone recognizes him. In any case, the male of this feathered one. Since the colors of the male and female bullfinch are very different. The description of a bullfinch for children is somewhat different from the same words for adults. It is enough for a child to say that this is a small bird, a little larger than a sparrow, with a red breast and flying to human habitation only in winter. An adult will have to give a more detailed answer.

So, the male bullfinch has a chest, cheeks and neck of a red color. The color is very bright, even over the entire staining area. The back is gray-blue, while the tail and rump are white. Because the bird's head is black, it appears to be wearing a black cap. This color takes place both on the neck and around the beak. At the same time, the border between red and black is very clear, noticeable from afar. The tail and wings are black, only the wings have slightly whitish stripes. The beak is thick, wide, black in color - it is designed to get the seed of various berries.

The female bullfinch bird, the description of which is somewhat different from the description of the male, as a whole has a color similar to it, except for one, the brightest, detail - its breast is not bright red, but grayish-brown.

The coloring of young birds of the bird, which has the name "bullfinch", is interesting. The description of the bird for children and adults would be incomplete if not to add that the young of this bird before its first molt has a dark brown color. And only in autumn, having completely changed feathers, the baby becomes indistinguishable from the adult part of the flock.

Now, if you happen to meet a bullfinch, the description will make it possible to immediately recognize which of them is who.

They have a stocky, dense build. In winter, in the very frosts, they try to fluff their feathers harder, which is why they can even seem fat. The length of the bird reaches 18 centimeters. Her temperament is very different from, for example, siskin or tap dance. The bullfinch, whose description gives hope for a cheerful disposition, is actually quite phlegmatic, extremely quarrelsome and inactive. Females are especially scandalous. Despite the fact that in winter and autumn the birds try to stay in flocks, they constantly quarrel. And in all cases, it is the females who start the scandal, who have complete power over the males. Fighting is a rare thing among lazy birds, but opening your beak and hissing threateningly at your opponent is a nice thing.

habitats

The description of the bullfinch for children must be supplemented with information about the place of residence of this bird.

So, it is distributed almost throughout Eurasia, excluding its southernmost and northern regions. In a temperate climate, bullfinches most often live settled or fly away near the main nesting site. Those who live in more northern regions migrate closer to the south for the winter.

In our country, the bird has received the greatest distribution in the forest zone, excluding the southern part. Far East. In summer, birds live in the forest, sometimes choosing light forests along the edge of clearings for their nests. Given the habit of keeping secret, they are difficult to notice in the warm season.

In winter, they migrate far to the south, as the description says. The bullfinch flies to Transbaikalia, Central Asia, to the Crimea, to the Amur basin, and can even reach the north of Africa. During the period of nomadism, he stops in parks and gardens of cities and rural settlements. V reverse side, to the native nesting site, flocks move during March and April.

Settlements

Where does the bullfinch live? The description of the bird for children cannot be considered complete if one does not mention the favorite places of residence of this bird - dense forests and light forests. Bullfinches prefer to build nests on coniferous trees, more often - spruces. The most common houses of bullfinches at a height of 2 to 5 meters. Nest material - moss, thin twigs, sometimes animal hair. The inside is lined with feathers, hair and dry grass. The appearance of the structure is loose and flat.

Nutrition

The bullfinch, the photo and description of which can be found in this article, eats very diversely. The diet of this bird is entirely of vegetable origin. So, bullfinches are happy to use the buds, seeds and berries of various plants. They cannot indifferently pass by the seeds of ash, maple, linden, birch or alder. The wide beak is specially designed for peeling seeds from fruits of any shape and type. The bullfinches themselves do not eat the berries, they simply crush them, take out the seeds and enjoy them with pleasure.

chicks

In April, the bullfinch prefers to hatch chicks. The description of the bird cannot be complete without a description of this process.

The clutch is usually up to five eggs. They are blue-green in color with dark spots. Chicks develop in 14 days, the same amount is required to feed the chicks. It is not exactly established whether the male is involved in incubation, but it is his direct responsibility to feed the female sitting on the eggs. After the chicks leave the nest, they are mostly taken care of by the male. Surprisingly, it was not possible to find a litter of chicks with a mother, while a family of several fledglings headed by a male is a common thing. The chicks are fed plant food.

These birds nest once during the summer, forming flocks by July. Young chicks spend the entire first year of their lives with their parents.

Bullfinch at home

Oddly enough, the bullfinch very easily gets used to a person. He can memorize simple melodies by whistling them in his free time.

The cage with the bird must be kept cool, because not only the heat, but even the heat of the bullfinch will not survive.

It is necessary to feed in the same way as a bird eats in nature - seeds of grasses, shrubs and trees. Be sure to include berries in the diet so that the plumage does not change color due to beriberi.

It might be useful to read: