The Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station is the most powerful hydroelectric power station on the yes. The largest power plant in the Russian Far East Large hydropower plants in the Far East

The Far East is very rich in hydropower resources, but there are not so many people and industries there. In this regard, the development of the rivers of the region of hydropower began only in 1964, when the construction of the unique Zeyskaya HPP began, which I will tell you about today.

The Zeyskaya HPP is located, as you might guess from its name, on the Zeya River (a tributary of the Amur), in the Amur Region. The capacity of the hydroelectric power station is 1,330 MW, the average annual output is 4,910 million kWh, the station is one of the ten largest hydroelectric power plants in the country.

The uniqueness of the station, first of all, lies in its dam - it is not solid, as usual, but hollow - concrete massive buttress. Simplified, it is a wall supported by other walls - buttresses. This can be clearly seen in this figure:

On the downstream side, the buttresses are covered with a concrete slab (this allows for a favorable temperature regime inside the dam), which creates the impression that the dam is monolithic. The maximum height of the dam is almost 116 meters.

The river during the construction of the station was blocked on October 13, 1972

Photos of the construction period

The dam of the station, in my opinion, is beautiful. It is not for nothing that it is the photographs of the Zeyskaya hydroelectric power station that are very often illustrated by articles about a variety of hydroelectric power plants.

The Zeya HPP has created a large reservoir with a total volume of 68 km3 and a useful one - 38 km3. Such a large capacity makes it possible to efficiently accumulate floods and significantly reduce the risk of floods. In particular, on July 19, 2007, the inflow into the reservoir of the Zeyskaya HPP reached 15,200 cubic meters. m / sec - in fact, a catastrophic flood has formed in the Zeya valley, which happens once every 250 years. The reservoir of the hydroelectric power station cut the flood in three times, up to 5000 cubic meters. m / sec and saved the underlying settlements from imminent destruction.

Spillway operation

A typical picture in the Zeya valley before the construction of the hydroelectric power station

Another highlight of the station is its turbines. They are diagonal - their shoulder blades are at an angle of 45 degrees. Such turbines are structurally more complicated than the radial-axial ones used at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, but they can work effectively at large pressure fluctuations. There are 6 turbines at the station, at the time of creation they were the largest turbines of this type in the world.

Actually, the turbine

Hydraulic unit crater

Engine room

He is in the process of construction

Automation

Central control panel

Transformers

Open switchgear.

Recently, the Zeya hydroelectric power station ceded the title of the most powerful hydroelectric power plant in the Far East, the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station, but its importance for the region's energy system is still very high - almost a fifth of the electricity consumed in it is generated by the waters of the Zeya.

Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station is the largest power plant in the Far East, one of the ten most powerful hydroelectric power plants in Russia. Located on the Bureya River, in the Amur Region. The installed capacity is 2,010 MW, the average annual power generation is 7.1 billion kWh.

Photos and text of Slava Stepanov

In 1985, the first concrete was placed in the body of the dam. Since 1989, funding for the construction has declined sharply, which led to the actual suspension of work and severe social consequences. The first hydroelectric unit of the station was commissioned in 2003, the last in 2007.

In 2009, after building up the water pipelines to the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was brought to full capacity - 2,010 MW.

744 meters long concrete gravity dam:

View from the ridge to the water conduits:

The dam contains about 4 million cubic meters of concrete.

The crest of the dam in the fog of dawn:

The dam with a height of 140 meters is the tallest dam of this type in our country. This is commensurate with the height of a 50-storey building.

The dam weighs about 15 million tons.

The dam forms the Bureyskoye reservoir with an area of 750 sq. Km, located on the territory of two federal subjects - the Amur region and Khabarovsk Territory... It has been filling for 6 years.

The annual drainage of the reservoir level is 16-19 m. The ice fragments clearly show how much the water level in the reservoir has been exhausted.

The spillway of the dam. The spillway is designed to discharge excess water inflow during floods and floods, when the inflow cannot be passed through the hydraulic units:

Water is supplied to the turbines through six huge reinforced concrete water conduits:

Each water conduit with a diameter of 8.5 meters:

In the building of the hydroelectric power station there are 6 hydraulic units with a capacity of 335 MW each.

The machine room is 150 meters long.

The rotational speed of the turbines is 125 rpm.

These blades are used to regulate the water flow through the turbine:

Relay protection and automation systems:

Central control panel:

To supply electricity from the generators to the switchgear, a special tunnel for a 500-kilovolt cable was made in the rocks.

The average annual temperature in the area of the hydroelectric power station is negative (-3.5 ° C). In January, the average monthly temperature is −31 ° С (the absolute minimum is −57 ° С).

Construction of coastal fortifications:

Flood protection

The abnormal flood that hit the Far East in 2013 showed that the presence of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya hydroelectric power stations turned out to be a real boon. The reservoirs of these stations held back the lion's share flood

The dam of the Zeyskaya hydroelectric power station
© RusHydro

An unexpected anomalous flood that struck the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2013 was the strongest in the history of hydrological observations and unique in its coverage: a lot of water came to all the rivers of the basin, including those located in the Chinese territory. At the same time, the elements showed that the presence of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya hydroelectric power stations on the tributaries of the Amur turned out to be a real blessing. The reservoirs of these stations helped to contain the lion's share of "ultra-high" water, which made it possible to avoid casualties among the population and, one way or another, to protect the main power facilities of RAO ES of the East from large-scale destruction.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has set the Russian government the task of developing measures that would help protect the economy and population of the regions of the Far East from floods of such force. Already in 2014, RusHydro developed a program for the construction of so-called flood control hydroelectric power plants on the Amur tributaries, which will allow the river to be more regulated and thus fully protect the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District from floods of any force. This program included the scheme of flood control waterworks in the Amur basin, developed back in the 1980s. Then the specialists of Lenhydroproject proposed to build a hydroelectric power station on the Shilka River (the Amur begins with the confluence of Shilka and Argun in Transbaikalia), a cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Selemdzha (the most powerful tributary of the Zeya, which flows into this river below the operating Zeyskaya hydroelectric power station), a station on the Gilyui river (another the tributary of the Zeya, which today flows into the reservoir of the HPP), the Nizhne-Zeya HPP (counter-regulator of the Zeyskaya HPP, 300 km below the station), the Nizhne-Nimanskaya station on the Niman River (flows into the Bureyskoye reservoir) and two Dalnerechensk HPPs on the Bolshaya Ussurka River (a tributary of the Amur in Primorye). In total, the reservoirs of these stations are capable of accumulating almost 30 cubic meters. km of water, which in theory will allow to cut the level of the Amur in case of catastrophic floods up to 680 cm.

As a result, the program included the projects of Nizhne-Zeiskaya (400 MW), Selemdzhinskaya (300 MW), Gilyuyskaya (462 MW) and Nizhne-Nimanskaya (600 MW) hydroelectric power plants with large flood protection reservoirs. The Nizhne-Zeysky and Selemdzhinsky hydroelectric complexes are considered the priority objects in RusHydro. They can complement each other. The Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power station as a counter-regulator of the Zeyskaya station (as well as the Nizhne-Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station under construction on the Bureya) will help regulate the river to such a level that will exclude possible damage to at least seven settlements in the Amur Region. It will become calmer downstream of the Zeya, partly on the middle course of the Amur. And the creation of the Selemdzhinsky reservoir provided working together with a cascade of Zeya and Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power plants will give an even stronger flood control effect, which will spread to the entire lower reaches of the Zeya, as well as to the Middle Amur (up to the mouth with the Sungari River).

For Power of Siberia and China

Each station, in addition to performing flood control functions, can also act as a source of environmentally friendly electricity. The only problem is that it is not yet clear who needs this energy. Therefore, the sources of funding are also unclear. Obviously, this will be too expensive for the country's budget. Even more so for RusHydro. Therefore, RusHydro is guided by the following model: a certain part of the generation of new hydroelectric power plants can be supplied to the domestic market - for the needs, for example, of facilities of the Power of Siberia gas transmission system. However, most of the electricity will still be exported, probably to China. This country has an interest in flood control hydroelectric power plants: the more the Amur is regulated on the Russian side, the easier it will be for the Chinese territories, it is also important that the population on the other side of the border is an order of magnitude higher than in Russia. It remains to agree on a price.

At the end of 2014, RusHydro signed an agreement with the Chinese Three Gorges Corporation, under which it is planned to create a joint venture to organize the financing, construction and operation of flood-proof hydroelectric power plants in the Amur Region and the Khabarovsk Territory. The cost of each hydroelectric power station will be clarified after the preparation of projects, while power engineers avoid any, even estimated figures. The financial models are likely to be based on project finance. The parameters of long-term contracts for the supply of electricity also depend on the Chinese partner: the Three Gorges will conduct negotiations with the State Electricity Grid Company of China, this task is fixed in the agreement.

Should start soon competitive selection contractors for the development of a technical and economic feasibility study for the construction of all flood control hydropower plants. The results of this work, in addition to project documentation, without which no construction is possible in principle, will also contain proposals for financial models of projects, as well as forecasts for sales markets and conditions for working with banks willing to finance the construction of these stations. The developed documentation, firstly, will be offered for consideration to the Chinese partners, and secondly, it will form the basis for the creation of the RusHydro and Three Gorges JV, after which the parties will evaluate economic feasibility projects and export prospects. In the meantime, RusHydro, together with its Chinese partner, plans to build the infrastructure of the future joint venture.

Lower Bureyskaya training

The first step in this direction has already been taken - in May 2015, RusHydro and Three Gorges agreed to consider the possibility of creating a joint venture for the completion and subsequent operation of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP, which has been under construction since 2010 in the Amur Region on the Bureya River. All hydroelectric units of the station are planned to be commissioned in 2016. The design capacity of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP is 320 MW, the average annual output will be 1.65 billion kWh. The main consumers of the station will be, first of all, infrastructure facilities: for example, the Power of Siberia gas pipeline, or the Vostochny cosmodrome, the construction of which is to be completed in the Amur Region at the end of this year. In addition, a part of the output of the Nizhne-Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station can be exported. Perhaps this particular project, which is at the stage of active construction, can serve as the basis for working out the mechanism of interaction between RusHydro and a Chinese company.

The next project may be the Nizhne-Zeya hydroelectric power station. It was this project that was recognized as the most elaborated in terms of previously conducted pre-design studies and economic assessment... And, accordingly, among the four flood control hydroelectric complexes, the project of creating the second stage of the Zeya hydro cascade was identified as the highest priority for the preparation of a bank feasibility study.

Thermal generation and networks

Coal and gas

Program perspective development holding "RAO ES of the East" includes a number of facilities, the construction of which is planned until 2025, among them - four priority thermal energy facilities

Construction of the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP
© "RAO ES East"

According to RAO ES East specialists, by 2025 the Far East will need about 4 GW of new capacity. Of this volume, the bulk of the commissioning (about 2.5 GW) will be used to replace the old out of order. This is the price of total underinvestment in the industry, which lasted almost a quarter of a century! And 1.5 GW of new capacities will be directed to cover prospective demand- already calculated and often confirmed by agreements. At the same time, the total confirmed consumption of the approved TOP at the moment already exceeds 350 MW.

The holding's long-term development program includes a number of facilities, the construction of which is planned until 2025. Among them are four priority thermal energy facilities, for the construction of which in December 2012, by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin, 50 billion rubles were allocated from the state budget of RusHydro. These earmarked funds are now being used for the construction of the first stages of the Yakutskaya and Sakhalinskaya GRES-2, Sovgavanskaya TPP (Khabarovsk Territory) and the 2nd phase of the Blagoveshchenskaya TPP (Amur Region). The commissioning of these stations will provide 553 MW of electricity and 875 Gcal / h of thermal power. At the end of 2015, it is planned to launch the second stage of the Blagoveshchenskaya CHPP, the rest of the facilities will be commissioned by 2017. Their main purpose is to replace the retired capacities of the existing CHP and GRES, which are hopelessly outdated.

The program also includes the Vostochnaya TPP in Vladivostok, the commissioning of which will provide about 20% of the port city's demand for electricity. And also a number of other facilities, for example Artemovskaya CHPP-2, a combined cycle gas turbine at the Vladivostokskaya CHPP-2, GTU-CHPP Zmeinka and Sinyaya Sopka, Bilibinskaya CHPP in Chukotka, the second stage of the Yakutskaya TPP-2 and Khabarovskaya CHPP-4. In addition, the Far Eastern energy holding is planning serious investments in the grid complex.

In one chain

Other significant projects include, for example, the TM-35 heating main in Khabarovsk. This route will allow all three Khabarovsk stations to be looped into one technological chain, which will increase the possibilities for maneuvering and increase the reliability of power supply to the capital of the Far East.

Another ambitious project is an energy bridge between the Magadan Region and Chukotka. The reasons for its implementation are the decommissioning of the only one in the Far East nuclear power plant- Bilibino NPP and commissioning of a floating nuclear power plant in Pevek (ChAO). In the future, the Chaun-Bilibinsky power center of the Chukotka autonomous region can be connected to the energy system of the Magadan region. The project provides for the construction of two power transmission lines 220 and 110 kV, 1100 and 300 km long, respectively. Their estimated cost is about 93 billion rubles. Now "RAO ES Vostoka" is working on the financial part of the project. According to the general director of "Magadanenergo" Vladimir Milotvorsky, it is beneficial for both territories, since it will allow, in fact, for the first time to connect two large isolated power systems. This means that the effective energy capacities of the Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station in Kolyma will be additionally loaded, the energy of which can be used for the needs of mining and processing industries in the Severo-Evensky district of the Magadan region and in Chukotka.

“Considering that now our total capacity is 9 GW, we will have to rebuild the power system from scratch in the coming years,” emphasizes general manager"RAO ES of the East" Sergei Tolstoguzov. The total amount of necessary investments in the development of the energy sector in the Far East is estimated at more than RUB 700 billion. Of these, about 630 billion rubles. are needed for the facilities of RAO ES Vostok itself - for the modernization and construction of new generation, the development of heating and distribution networks.

Renewable energy

Sun and wind instead of diesel and fuel oil

Despite the high cost of renewable energy technologies, especially in comparison with diesel generation, such facilities pay off within 7-12 years due to savings on fuel delivery.

SES in the village. Batagay
© RusHydro

You can get to the village of Batamai, in the Kobyaysk ulus of Yakutia, by the Lena River, or by a winter road that is laid on ice, or by boat. For 250 people of the population there is a combined school and Kindergarten, a paramedic station, as well as a wooden housing stock. This locality can be considered exemplary in terms of the prospects for the development of renewable energy in the Far East. According to Rosstat, more than 2 thousand autonomous power plants with a total capacity of 990 MW are located on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (more than half of them are in Yakutia), annually generating about 1.2 billion kWh to supply small villages scattered around the map. Networks from centralized energy supply sources will never be stretched to them, and therefore they will continue to live on autonomous generation - as a rule, diesel or fuel oil.

The annual volumes of the "northern delivery" are estimated at 320 thousand tons of standard fuel, and the costs for them - in the amount exceeding 9 billion rubles. These are colossal funds. Just one comparison is enough: the annual expenses of RAO ES Vostoka for the preparation of the company's facilities for the heating season amount to 10-11 billion rubles.

Expand

Is it possible to save on the costs of a "golden" diesel? Experience gained in Soviet years, shows what is possible - and precisely through the use of renewable energy technologies. Thus, in the Kamchatka Territory, within the structure of RusHydro, there are geothermal energy facilities (they are managed by the subsidiary JSC Geotherm) - Pauzhetskaya, Mutnovskaya and Verkhne-Mutnovskaya GeoPPs with an aggregate installed capacity of 74 MW. Today, these unique stations provide up to 30% of the energy consumption of the central Kamchatka power center, making it possible to significantly weaken the peninsula's dependence on expensive imported fuel oil. But volcanoes in the Far East are not everywhere. The energy of the sun and wind is another matter. "We also considered biotechnology and mini-hydroelectric power plants, but evaluating them economic efficiency, came to the conclusion that they will not become widespread in the Far East, most likely some one-time projects. But the sun and wind already have serious potential in various regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, - noted in an interview with Gazeta.Ru Alexey Kaplun, Deputy General Director of RAO ES East for Strategy and Investments. - We see the greatest potential in Yakutia, where there are quite serious opportunities associated with solar energy. Primorye - solar stations and wind generators, Kamchatka - wind turbines and mini-hydroelectric power stations, geothermal stations. We associate Sakhalin and Chukotka with wind power generation. "

Prospects for "green energy"

Even the first results are impressive. For example, at a diesel station in Batamay were installed solar panels which allowed to immediately reduce consumption diesel fuel... Since then, eight solar power plants have been built in Yakutia, and in different climatic regions. Five wind power plants are located in the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Region and Yamal. The company's renewable energy development program provides for the commissioning by 2020 of 178 wind and solar stations with a total capacity of about 146 MW. Its cost is 19.9 billion rubles. The largest in the world beyond the Arctic Circle will be a solar power plant in Yakutsk Batagai, the first stage of construction of which (with a capacity of 1 MW) was completed by RAO ES of the East in June. In the future, the capacity will be quadrupled. The facility will cost the company 158 million rubles, but will save up to 300 tons of fuel per year.

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At the same time, no one is going to completely abandon diesel generation in the harsh conditions of the Far East. The problem is that renewable energy resources are unstable - the level of insolation in some places varies significantly depending on the season, and the wind strength is not constant. Nevertheless, it is extremely effective to introduce renewable energy generation in the most costly isolated points. Despite some high cost of both SPP and WPP, especially in comparison with diesel power plants, such facilities, according to the calculations of RAO ES Vostoka, pay off within 7-12 years. Exclusively due to savings on fuel delivery!

The renewable energy development program in the Far East has other advantages as well. First of all, such facilities can become growth multipliers for many sectors of the economy - from the production of equipment, which is currently mostly imported, to service and engineering. Not to mention that green energy can help reduce emissions from power plants using conventional fuels.

Export of electricity

Energy for foreigners

Electricity exports, even with the current state of the grid infrastructure in the Far East, can be increased to 6 billion kWh annually

View of the Bureyskaya HPP
© Vladimir Smirnov / TASS

RusHydro and RAO ES Vostoka do not directly export electricity. Another state holding, InterRAO, is responsible for such deliveries in Russia, which sells surpluses that are not in demand on the domestic market, primarily to China. According to the company for 2014, in general, electricity exports from Russia decreased by 19.9%, only slightly exceeding the figure of 14 billion kWh. At the same time, supplies to China fell by 3.4%, to 3.37 billion kWh, and to Mongolia - by 5.6%, to 390 million kWh. The state holding explained such indicators by a long stay in the repair of network equipment.

At the end of the first half of 2015, the overall picture changed radically: exports from Russia increased by 42.2%, to 9.1 billion kWh (primarily due to supplies to Ukraine, the volumes of which jumped 70 times!). But exports to China and Mongolia continued to fall: in the first case - by 12.2%, in the second - by as much as 28%. RusHydro explained this by the low water content observed in the second half of last year, due to which the water reserves in the reservoirs of the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya HPPs had significantly decreased by the beginning of 2015. As a result, power engineers had to drastically reduce discharges from hydropower plants, which led to a decrease in production. The additional load was shifted, naturally, to the thermal stations operating in the IES of the East. But they could not fully replace the output of the hydroelectric power station that was lost due to low water. Therefore, according to the decision of the ODU of the East, export supplies were reduced, primarily in the interests of the domestic consumer. Moreover, by the end of the year, even with a favorable hydrological situation, the output of the two largest hydroelectric power plants in the Far East is still expected to be 8-11% lower than last year's values.

Not only hydroelectric power plants, but also thermal power plants

Until 2013, the entire volume of electricity generated by the power plants of the RusHydro group (thermal and hydroelectric power plants) is supplied to the wholesale market at tariffs set by the Federal Tariff Service for generators operating in the IES of the East. The surplus was supplied to InterRAO under bilateral agreements, the price for which was limited by the decree of the Russian government (no more than two generation tariffs of the IES East). Since October 1, 2013, amendments have been made to the wholesale electricity and power market regulations, thanks to which it became possible to conclude a package of bilateral agreements (they indicate the shares of the supply volumes of HPPs and TPPs that are the same for the entire package), which made it possible to obtain a weighted average price for the package, which would be interesting for the buyer, and the RusHydro Group to conclude bilateral agreements not only for hydroelectric power plants, which have the lowest tariffs in the IES of the East, but also for thermal power plants, the tariffs for which are an order of magnitude (sometimes two) higher. Since then, JSC DGK (a subsidiary of RAO ES East, the main producer of electricity at thermal power plants in the IES of the East) began to receive additional revenue, which is used to maintain the reliability of power supply, to update and modernize heat generating equipment, which, as you know, is very large. wear.

According to RusHydro, last year the volume of export supplies for the entire package of bilateral agreements amounted to 1.745 billion kWh (the remaining volumes were bought by InterRAO in the domestic market from a single buyer - OJSC DEK (part of the holding of OJSC RAO ES East) according to the usual rules). This year, RusHydro planned to increase exports across the entire package of bilateral agreements to 2.5 billion kWh, subject to a normal water level. The total volumes are likely to be below these values.

Export to the Land of the Rising Sun

At the same time, according to estimates, the export of electricity, even with the current state of the network infrastructure in the Far East, can be increased to 6 billion kWh annually! RusHydro's management estimates that China alone needs 10 GW of Russian electricity. For example, the program for the construction of flood-control hydropower plants on the tributaries of the Amur has a huge export potential. The RusHydro Group pins great hopes on large projects focused exclusively on the export of electricity. This is primarily about the Sakhalin-Japan energy bridge.

After the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant and the exclusion of nuclear generation from the energy balance of Japan, electricity tariffs in this country have increased significantly. And they are unlikely to change much in the future, even if a number of "switched off" nuclear power plants are put back into operation. In this situation, the import of cheap energy from Sakhalin looks like a reasonable alternative. However, the possibility of import has not yet been spelled out in the legislation of Japan. But, I think, changes in the regulatory framework are not far off. Deliveries to the Land of the Rising Sun within the framework of the energy bridge are planned to be carried out from the stations located on Sakhalin, in particular, the Sakhalin GRES-2 under construction, as well as Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1. "Exports can go to Japan via a submarine cable from Sakhalin. There is a high reserve ratio on the island. This capacity could be loaded with export supplies," said Sergei Tolstoguzov, General Director of RAO ES Vostoka.

If the project is implemented, at least $ 1 billion will be invested in the energy sector of the Far East, and the created infrastructure will ensure supplies in the required volumes in the base and peak modes. At the moment "RAO ES of the East" at the expense of own funds develops a preliminary feasibility study for the energy bridge project. The work is carried out in two directions: analysis of the project in terms of the construction and reconstruction of generation facilities and electrical networks necessary for exporting electricity to Japan, as well as the development of technologies for laying a submarine cable from Sakhalin, coupled with the construction of an onshore converter substation and network infrastructure facilities in Japan. A single financial model project taking into account data on the Japanese export site.

Connect the island to the mainland

For RusHydro, the project is also interesting in that its implementation will make it possible to continue the transformation of Sakhalin's closed energy system. First of all, build two more stages at the new Sakhalin GRES-2 with a total capacity of 240 MW (the construction of the first stage of 120 MW is currently underway within the allocated targeted budget funds) and update the island's network infrastructure. It is quite possible that in this case it will be possible to preserve and rebuild the outdated Sakhalin GRES - in its current configuration, its operation is ineffective, but if it is exported to Japan, its capacities may be in demand again.

True, the implementation of these projects will make it possible to increase export volumes up to 400-500 MW. This, of course, is not enough. “But for the first stage it is enough,” Sergei Tolstoguzov, general director of RAO ES of the East, is sure. energy systems with an island, which will make it possible to increase exports at the expense of the Far Eastern hydroelectric power plants. " The volume of such exports can amount to about 2-4 GW.

In these conditions, power engineers closely follow any gestures of the state and private investors, and sometimes act ahead of the curve. The Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP under construction has already been provided with a pool of potential consumers - this is the Vostochny cosmodrome, facilities of the Power of Siberia gas transmission system and other infrastructure projects planned to be created in the IES of the East. The new Sovgavanskaya CHPP, which is being built within the framework of the decree of the President of Russia, should not only replace the capacities of the "medieval" Mayskaya GRES, but also cover the future needs of the special economic zone of the port type in Sovetskaya Gavan. Already, future residents of this zone have applied for 50 MW of prospective capacity. And this does not take into account the growing needs of the residents of the Vaninsky and Sovgavansky districts of the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as the prospects for the electrification of the BAM.

Advanced energy consumption territories

In general, for RAO ES of the East, the growth in demand until 2025 may exceed 45%. Highest demand will be presented in the south of the Far East, as well as in Yakutia, Kolyma and Chukotka. Moreover, if in 2010-2014 the average increase in consumption did not exceed 2% and was mainly determined by housing construction, then in the future, large industrial facilities and consumers from advanced development territories (TOR) will come to the fore. At the moment, TOPs are just being created: at these points of growth, the Ministry for the Development of the Far East is going to accumulate projects of real large investors with the help of various state support measures. The projects of three TOPs have already been approved by the decree of the government of the Russian Federation, six more have received approval from a special government subcommittee. Only the needs of the industrial park "Nadezhdinsky" in Primorye by 2018 may amount to 37.6 MW. The total confirmed consumption of only approved TOP at the moment exceeds 350 MW.

In addition, Rosneft plans to build a complex of the Eastern Petrochemical Company (by 2022 it will be a consumer of up to 200 MW of capacity). Gazprom's needs for the LNG plant in Vladivostok by 2018 may amount to up to 110 MW from the IES East. There are plans for the development of a large industry in the Amur Region. So, for the gas processing cluster in Belogorsk based on the capacities of the main gas pipeline Power of Siberia will need up to 600 MW. There will be enough work for both networkers and generators.

Hydrogen project in Magadan

The coverage of demand in isolated power systems of the Far East will be covered by local sources of generation. Highlighted here is the project for the construction of a production complex for the liquefaction of hydrogen in the Magadan region. Under a cooperation agreement signed back in June 2013, RusHydro and RAO ES of the East will act as generators electrical energy necessary for the operation of the complex, and the Japanese company Kawasaki is a supplier of technologies in the field of production, storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. The preliminary feasibility study of the project was developed in 2014 and is now being finalized.

The project can be implemented in two stages. The pilot complex with a capacity of 11.3 tons per day is planned to be commissioned in 2019, with full development, the plant's capacity will already be 200 tons per day. The year 2026 is named as a benchmark for the start of industrial operation.

Liquid hydrogen is an environmentally friendly fuel with a very wide range of applications, and its production requires huge amounts of electricity and clean water. The logic is simple: there are few energy resources in Japan, but everything more weight acquire "green" technologies (for example, by 2025, the demand for hydrogen for cars in Japan is expected to reach 204 thousand tons per year). At full load, the complex will consume up to 510 MW of electric power from the power system of the Magadan Region, which will maximize the load on local generating facilities - the Kolymskaya and Ust-Srednekanskaya HPPs under construction.

At one time, the construction of the Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, the second in the cascade on the Kolyma River, was linked to the prospects for the development of gold mining in the region. It was planned that the bulk of the production of the new station will go to supply new GOKs and mines. The first start-up complex of the HPP was launched at the end of 2013; it is obvious that in the current conditions it is more expensive to stop the construction. But at the same time, the construction of gold mining enterprises has become a matter of an uncertain future. Against this background, RusHydro and RAO ES Vostoka were forced to think about creating another major consumer for this HPP cascade. The approach is not new, for example, the Irkutskenergo company in its native Irkutsk region has long been doing the same, announcing projects in metallurgy, housing construction and even the IT industry (data center in Irkutsk).

However, the timing of the project depends on the growth in demand for the use of hydrogen in Japan and the world. In fact, end-user(at least on an industrial scale) liquid hydrogen has not yet appeared in the world today. The technologies for storing and transporting hydrogen have not yet been fully developed. With liquefied gas, for example, such a technological problem has already been solved - for its transportation, a temperature of -160 ° C is used. But for the transportation of liquid hydrogen, a temperature of -240 ° C is required. However, RAO ES Vostoka is confident that Kawasaki, as a technological partner of the project, will be able to resolve all these issues. By the end of 2015, the parties plan to make a decision to start developing a bank feasibility study of the project. Based on the results, a decision will be made on the feasibility of its implementation.

In 2009, after building up the water pipelines to the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was brought to full capacity - 2,010 MW.
The owner of Bureyskaya HPP is JSC RusHydro

744 m long concrete gravity dam

View from the ridge to the water conduits.

The dam contains about 4 million cubic meters of concrete.

The crest of the dam in the dawn fog.

The 140 m high dam is the tallest dam of this type in our country.
This is commensurate with the height of a 50-storey building.

The dam weighs about 15 million tons.

The dam forms the Bureyskoye reservoir with an area of 750 km², located on the territory of two federal subjects - the Amur Region and the Khabarovsk Territory.
It has been filling for 6 years.

The annual drawdown of the reservoir level is 16-19 m.
The ice debris clearly shows how much the water level in the reservoir has been worked out.

The spillway of the dam.
The spillway is designed to discharge excess water inflow during floods and floods, when the inflow cannot be passed through the hydraulic units.

Water is supplied to the turbines through six huge reinforced concrete water conduits.

Each water conduit is 8.5 meters in diameter.

In the building of the hydroelectric power station there are 6 hydraulic units with a capacity of 335 MW each.

Duty Officer.

The machine room is 150 m long.

Hydraulic turbine rotation frequency - 125 rpm

Guide vanes drive. These blades control the water flow through the turbine.

Relay protection and automation systems.

Central control panel.

Bureyskaya HPP uses 500 kV XLPE power cables manufactured by ABB Energiekabel
This cable is used for the first time in Russia and for the second time in the world.

To supply electricity to the grid, a closed-type gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) was built at the station.

To supply electricity from the generators to the switchgear, a special tunnel for a 500-kilovolt cable was made in the rocks.

Sunset

The average annual temperature in the area of the hydroelectric power station is negative (-3.5 ° C).
In January, the average monthly temperature is −31 ° С (the absolute minimum is −57 ° С).

Construction of coastal fortifications.

Thanks to the commissioning of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station, the Far East region received a large amount of cheap electricity.

The use of imported fuel in the region has significantly decreased - by 5.2 million tons per year, which saves 4.7 billion rubles annually.

The functioning of the IES of the East became more reliable due to the smoothing of the uneven electrical load, and the station also began to serve as a fast-acting emergency reserve.

The power transmission lines built for the Bureyskaya HPP made it possible to connect previously disparate sections of 500 kV lines into a single network.

Many thanks to RusHydro for organizing the photography!

For all questions regarding the use of photos, write to e-mail.

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