What is broadband internet access. Broadband access. Urbanization and broadband

Nowadays, broadband internet is a general term used to refer to various high-speed connection types.

The term broadband refers to the bandwidth of your internet connection. Broadband literally means a wide range of frequencies used for transmitting and receiving data. Previously, Internet access was very slow due to the use of a dial-up connection. In addition to being slow, the dial-up connection also completely occupies the voice phone line. All these factors have led to the fact that Dial-up has been almost completely replaced by various broadband types of connections.

The term bandwidth, in the case of computer networks and Internet connections, is generally used to refer to the speed of data transfer. The data transfer rate is usually measured in bits per second (bit). In a broadband connection, compared to a dial-up connection, the data transfer rate is very high. There are different types of broadband connections with varying cost, speed, and availability.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL is the most commonly used broadband connection. It is widely used for home users and commercial purposes. ADSL is a digital line that can be used to access the Internet without having to occupy an entire telephone line. ADSL operates at 512 kbps or higher. In the case of ADSL, the incoming channel is faster than the outgoing one, which is why the term “asymmetric” was coined.

SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

SDSL is similar to ADSL and differs from it only in one aspect, in the ratio of the speed indicators of the incoming and outgoing line. SDSL is characterized by the same download and upload speed. Home users generally don't need this. However, some organizations require a channel with a high upstream bandwidth. This type of connection is more expensive than regular ADSL, but in the case of commercial use, the costs are worth it.

Broadband wireless

A wireless Internet connection is commonplace today. Laptops, PDAs and mobile phones, all of these devices require a wireless connection. The download speeds provided by various types of wireless broadband Internet access are typically between 128 Kbps and 2 Mbps.

Cable broadband internet

The Internet can be accessed through a cable TV line. Cable TV is currently very popular and is available in almost all more or less large cities. Cable broadband internet typically offers speeds ranging from 2 Mbps to 8 Mbps. In terms of popularity, cable Internet successfully competes with ADSL.

Satellite Internet

All forms of broadband connections described above have local restrictions, that is, they can be used in a very limited area. Satellite communication is the solution to this problem. Satellite Internet can be either one-way or two-way. In the satellite Internet, depending on the tariff and the type of connection, the speed is from 256 Kbps to 2 Mbps. This type of broadband internet provides a slower speed than other types of broadband connections. In addition, the weather has a significant impact on the quality of the received signal.

Fiber optic internet

Fiber optic technology is a relatively new technology that converts electrical signals into light signals. The signal is then transmitted over a fiber optic cable.

To build optical access networks, special devices are used, for example, such as stm 4 multiplexers, which can operate over 2 single-mode optical fibers. Supports remote network management and upgrades.

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Currently, the main networks for Internet access are broadband or. They replaced dial-up telephone lines, when the connection was carried out using a modem, which provided a maximum data transfer rate of only 56 kbps, and even then provided that the wire connections to the PBX were of high quality.
Today, broadband Internet service providers use the following technologies most often: ADSL, Ethernet and FTTx.

The very first technology of high-speed Internet access, which became widespread enough, was ADSL, or in translation from English - asymmetric digital subscriber line. It arose on the basis of DSL technology, which was intended to transmit video over telephone networks, but did not receive proper development. The ADSL difference was the asymmetry of the communication channel - the speed of receiving information on the client's side was significantly higher.
As a communication line, ordinary wired telephone lines were used, a modem was connected on the user's side, which worked with the equipment installed on the PBX. The operation of ADSL equipment in the frequency range significantly higher than the speech one, ensured the normal operation of classical telephone communication. The absence of costs for the laying and installation of connecting lines determined the relative cheapness of this method of high-speed Internet access at that time.

ADSL technology provided the maximum speed of incoming traffic up to 24 Mbit / s, the speed of information transfer was significantly lower - up to 1.5 Mbit / s. The actual numbers were often much lower, as they were determined by the parameters of the connecting line.

Currently, the priority direction of organizing broadband access to the Internet is the use of twisted pair (Ethernet technology) and fiber-optic communication lines (FTTx technology).
Twisted pair is a cable with twisted pairs of wires in an insulating, usually plastic, sheath. Depending on the operating frequency, the cable is divided into several categories.
For networks 100 ... 1000 Mbit / s, the most commonly used twisted pair of the CAT5e category.

The advantages of twisted pair networks are their low cost and ease of installation.
Flaws:

Due to the loss in copper of the conductors, the cable has a limitation on the length of the installation.
Exposure to weathering.
The need for lightning protection.
If it is necessary to increase the speed of the network, it is necessary to replace the entire trunk with a cable of a higher category.

All these shortcomings are devoid of broadband access networks built on fiber-optic communication lines. Currently, this type of construction of wired networks is the most promising. There are two types of fiber optic networking.

The first one is called Fiber To The Home or FTTH. In this version, the fiber-optic line reaches an apartment or house, where the switching equipment is directly installed. This type of connection is capable of providing the highest possible speed of access to the external network (1 Gbps and higher), but it is also more expensive.
FTTH is reasonable to use in villages or small towns with low-rise buildings located at a considerable distance from each other.

The second type of organization of fiber-optic communication lines is called Fiber To The Building or FTTB for short. The meaning of this fiber-optic communication technology is that the backbone fiber-optic line only reaches the building, usually with a large number of apartments or offices, the network is wired through a twisted pair cable. The load of one fiber-optic line, as a rule, is 150 ... 250 subscribers, for each of which the data exchange rate is 100 Mbit / s.
This technology of broadband access to the Internet in terms of monetary costs for installation and subsequent operation is today the most optimal option for providing high-speed communication services.

Recently, wireless technologies have begun to actively develop, which may well compete in the speed of Internet access with wired ones. We are talking about 4G networks. Currently, high-speed WiMAX networks (standard 802.16) and LTE are actively used.

For example, the so-called "fixed" WiMAX, based on the 802.16d standard, provides a network bandwidth of up to 75 Mbps and a signal coverage radius of up to 100 km.
These technologies will be in demand primarily in areas where the installation of wired networks for one reason or another is impossible, as well as for the provision of mobile broadband access to the Internet.

Broadband Internet access provides high-speed data transmission that exceeds the maximum possible rates of a dial-up connection using a modem or regular telephone line. In this case, the connection is carried out via fiber-optic, wired or wireless Internet backbones of various types.

Benefits of a high-speed connection

The main disadvantage of dial-up access remains limited bandwidth. In addition, with this version of the Internet connection, the telephone line is completely occupied. A broadband Internet channel increases the speed of data exchange several times and does not require a monopoly on the telephone line.

Broadband Internet is a so-called two-way communication, thanks to which data transmission and reception can be carried out simultaneously at high speed. The organization of broadband access makes it possible to use digital television services, means of remote storage of bulk data and sending voice messages (IP telephony) - free of charge or at very low rates.

Subscribers connected to a high-speed network receive a number of important benefits:

the ability to connect to a broadband channel at any point where there is appropriate technical equipment;

comfort of working with multimedia applications due to high bandwidth, which makes it easy to play network video content and use other resources;

reducing the cost of surfing the web, processing correspondence received by e-mail, as well as the cost of office applications that require a broadband connection;

increasing labor productivity in the analysis of marketing and other data;

new opportunities for business communication with customers, partners and suppliers (unlimited access to instant messaging programs, applications that support VoIP, etc.).

Connection options

Broadband Internet connection is becoming more and more popular on the territory of the Russian Federation, because the needs of modern users are constantly growing and lead to the need to gain access to a high-speed network.

Two types of connection are possible:

Wireless. Does not require cabling. Radio-Ethernet technologies and others are used.

Wired (fixed). The traditional wired fiber-optic Ethernet connection and others are used.

Wireless and wired broadband Internet networks provide much faster data transfer rates than regular dial-up connections. Subscribers of the "BUSINESS TELECOM" company have access to connection options with various technical parameters.

Communication technologies

ADSL is the most popular broadband connection option and is suitable for both home and commercial use. This is a modern digital connection that allows you to get high-speed Internet access without taking up the entire telephone line. ADSL performance reaches 10 Mbps or more.

SDSL has a different ratio of the speed of the receiving and transmitting channels: with this standard, sending and downloading data occurs in the same time. It is possible to connect a broadband Internet network using SDSL technology to organizations that need increased bandwidth of the outgoing channel.

It is also not uncommon to provide access to the Internet network through a cable TV line. Now cable TV is available in almost any city, and the terms of payment for this service are more than loyal. The speed of broadband Internet connection is on average 5-20 Mbps.

Fiber optic connectivity is an ingenious invention. The main principle of this technology is the conversion of electrical signals into light signals with subsequent transmission through a fiber-optic cable. An important advantage of this technology is the ability to remotely manage the network and upgrade the technology in accordance with the increasing requirements of the modern user.

How do I connect to broadband internet?

The specialists of the "BUSINESS TELECOM" company provide services of broadband subscriber access to the Internet using the most advanced technologies. Depending on the specifics of the location of the object, we will select the best connection option for you in terms of price and technical characteristics.

To connect to the Internet, you need to leave a request over the phone or online. Then our specialist will arrive at the object you specified to inspect the premises and study the connection possibilities. After selecting technological solutions and a tariff plan, we will install all the necessary equipment and lay the network.

We guarantee high quality and efficiency of service to all clients. For more information and ordering the services of the "BUSINESS TELECOM" company, contact our managers by phone or leave a request on the website.

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Broadband internet(abbreviated as broadband access) is also called high-speed access, which reflects the essence of this term - access to the Network at high speed - from 128 kbps and above. Today, when 100 Mbps is available for home subscribers, the concept of "high speed" has become subjective, depending on the needs of the user. But the term broadband was introduced in the days of widespread dial-up access, when a connection is established using a modem connected to the public telephone network. This technology supports speeds in the order of a maximum of 56 kbps. Broadband access involves other technologies that provide significantly higher speeds. However, a connection, for example, using ADSL technology with a data transfer rate of 128 kbps, also applies to broadband.

From the history of the development of broadband access technology

Around the beginning of the 2000s. dial-up technology (dial-up) actively began to replace xDSL technologies (ADSL, HDSL, etc.), which provide a much higher access speed. For example, ADSL2 + technology allows you to download data at a maximum speed of 24 Mbit / s, and upload - at a speed of 3.5 Mbit / s. To gain access using xDSL technology, a modem and a telephone line are also used, however, unlike dial-up access, the line is not fully occupied, that is, it remains possible to use both the telephone and the Internet at the same time.

Broadband today

Today, broadband Internet access is provided using various technologies - both wired and wireless. The former include the xDSL family of technologies, DOCSIS technology (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications), (data transmission in computer networks using twisted pair, optical cable or coaxial cable), FTTx (fiber to the x - optical fiber to point X) and PLC (Power line communication - data transmission using power lines). As far as FTTx is concerned, there are two basic varieties, although in essence they differ little from each other - (fiber to the building - fiber to the building) and FTTH (fiber to the home - fiber to the home).

Today, wireless Internet access technologies, especially mobile ones, are being actively introduced and developed. Fixed wireless access is provided through satellite Internet, technology and fixed. However, many cellular operators and wireless providers are already offering. develop technologies of the "third generation" () and higher, which include such communication standards as, etc. Mobile WiMAX competes with these technologies. In the near future, we can expect the emergence of services based on the latest generation technology - and (3GPP Long Term Evolution), which provides data transmission up to 173 Mbit / s for reception and 58 Mbit / s for upload.

Broadband operators

The largest operator of broadband access in Russia is the company "", which is represented in all regions of the country. Due to the takeover of a number of RTOs (interregional communication companies), Rostelecom provides broadband access services using various technologies. According to the analytical agency iKS-Consulting at the end of the 1st quarter of 2011, Rostelecom holds 36.1% of the Russian broadband access market in the segment of private users. The three leaders also include "" (""), with market shares of 9.5% and 8.3%, respectively. These operators provide Internet access via both wired and third-generation wireless technologies. So, for example, MTS, having acquired the company "", became a major operator of Internet access services using ADSL and ADSL2 + technologies, and. Beeline, in addition to wireless access and mobile communications, provides the Home Internet service using FTTB technology (fiber to the building - fiber to the building).

The fourth place with a 7.7% share of the broadband access market is occupied by the operator "", which provides Internet access services under the "Dom.ru" brand using FTTB technology. The Akado company closes the five leaders of the Russian broadband access market with a share of 3.8%. The operator provides Internet access using DOCSIS and Fast Ethernet technologies.

The rest of the Russian broadband access providers occupy less than half of the market, accounting for 34.6%.

Penetration of broadband access services

According to iKS-Consulting, in the 1st quarter of 2011 the penetration of broadband Internet access services in Russia reached 36%, the number of subscribers in the private segment was 19 million users. But it should be borne in mind that in local markets, local players - for example, providers in St. Petersburg or providers in Moscow - can occupy significant shares, overtaking these large players in terms of the aggregate subscriber base. In St. Petersburg, among such players: "" (InterZet), "" (brand "", which, however, is now part of "Rostelecom"), ("SkyNet"), etc. In Moscow, one of these companies can be mentioned,.

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