Fire in Notre Dame Cathedral presentation. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Organ in Notre Dame Cathedral
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Presentation on the topic: Notre Dame de Paris
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Notre Dame de Paris is the geographical and spiritual "heart" of Paris, located in the eastern part of the island of Cité, on the site of the first Christian church in Paris - the Basilica of St. Stephen, on the site of the Gallo-Roman temple of Jupiter. The cathedral shows echoes of the Romanesque style of Normandy, with its characteristic powerful and dense unity, and the Gothic style, which give the building the lightness and simplicity of a vertical structure. The height of the cathedral is 35 m. The length is 130 m. the width is 48 m. the height of the bell towers is 69 m. the weight of the Emmanuel bell in the eastern tower is 13 tons, its tongue is 500 kg.
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Construction began in 1163, under Louis VII of France. The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid by Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III. By 1250, the construction of the cathedral was basically completed, and in 1315 the interior decoration was also completed. The main creators of Notre Dame are two architects - Jean de Chelle and Pierre de Montreuil (creator of St. Chapel). During the construction of the cathedral, many different architects took part in it, as evidenced by the different style and different heights of the western side and towers. The towers were completed in 1245 and the entire cathedral in 1345.
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The powerful and majestic facade is divided vertically into three parts by pilasters, and horizontally into three tiers by galleries, while the lower tier, in turn, has three deep portals. Above them is an arcade (Gallery of the Kings) with twenty-eight statues representing the kings of ancient Judea.
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The cathedral, with its splendid interior decoration, has served for many centuries as a venue for royal weddings, imperial coronations and national funerals. In 1302, the Estates General, the first parliament of France, met for the first time. There are no wall paintings here, and the only source of color is the numerous stained-glass windows of the tall lancet windows. During the time of Louis XIV, at the end of the 17th century, the cathedral underwent serious changes: the graves and stained-glass windows were destroyed.
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During the French Revolution, at the end of the 18th century, one of the first decrees of Robespierre was announced that if the Parisians do not want "the stronghold of obscurantism to be demolished", then they must pay a bribe to the Convention "for the needs of all revolutions that will happen with our help in other countries". The cathedral was declared the Temple of Reason. In July 1793, the Convention declared that "all emblems of all kingdoms must be wiped off the face of the earth", and Robespierre personally ordered the beheading of "the stone kings who adorn the churches." The cathedral was returned to the church and re-consecrated in 1802, under Napoleon.
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In 1831, Victor Hugo published the novel Notre Dame Cathedral, writing in the preface: "One of my chief aims is to inspire the nation with love for our architecture." Restoration began in 1841 under the supervision of the architect Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879). The restoration of the building and sculptures, the replacement of broken statues and the construction of the famous spire lasted 23 years. Viollet-le-Duc also came up with the idea of a gallery of chimeras on the facade of the cathedral. Statues of chimeras are installed on the upper platform at the foot of the towers. In the same years, the buildings adjacent to the cathedral were demolished, as a result of which the current square was formed in front of its facade.
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The main facade of the cathedral has three doors. Above the three lancet portals of the entrances there are sculptural groups with different episodes from the Gospel. An image of the Last Judgment is placed above the central entrance. Seven statues each support the entrance arches. In the center is Christ the Judge. The lower lintel depicts the dead rising from their graves. They were awakened by two angels with trumpets. Among the dead - one king, one pope, warriors and women (symbolizes the presence at the Last Judgment of all mankind). On the top tympanum - Christ and two angels on both sides.
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The doors are decorated with wrought iron reliefs. The roof of the cathedral is made of lead tiles 5 mm thick and the weight of the entire roof is 210 tons. The upper part of the cathedral is decorated with images of gargoyles (protruding ends of the beams, decorated with muzzles fantasy creatures) and chimeras (these are separate statues of fantastic creatures). In the Middle Ages, there were no chimeras at the cathedral. To put them, taking medieval gargoyles as a model, was invented by the restorer - the architect Viollet-le-Duc. Fifteen sculptors, led by Geoffroy Deschomets, completed them.
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These figures represent the soul of Notre Dame, its various selves: pensive, melancholic, observant, mocking, spiteful, self-absorbed. Satyr - a chimera with a human body - looks intimidating. On closer examination, hair on the back and an inhuman facial expression are noticeable.
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The oak, lead-covered spire of the cathedral (added by the restorer instead of dismantled in 1786) has a height of 96 meters. The base of the spire is surrounded by four groups of bronze statues of the apostles (the work of Geoffroy Deschaumes). In front of each group is an animal, the symbol of the evangelist: the lion is the symbol of Mark, the bull is Luke, the eagle is John and the angel is Matthew. All statues face Paris, except for St. Thomas, the patron saint of architects, who faces the spire.
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A significant part of the stained-glass windows was made in the middle of the 19th century. The main stained-glass window - a rose above the entrance to the cathedral - is partially authentic, preserved from the Middle Ages (9.6 meters in diameter). In the center of her Mother of God, around - seasonal rural work, zodiac signs, virtues and sins. Two side roses on the north and south facades of the cathedral are 13 meters in diameter (the largest in Europe). During the restoration, the stained-glass windows of the windows were initially supposed to be white, but Prosper Merimee insisted that they be made similar to medieval ones. There are very few genuine stained glass windows in Notre Dame Cathedral. Almost all of them are the latest works, replacing those broken and damaged over a long history. Only the rose window has remained intact to this day.
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The big bell (sounding in F-sharp tone) rings very rarely. The rest of the bells ring at 8 and 19 hours. Each of them has its own name: Angelique Franςoise, weighing 1765 kg (C sharp); Antoinette Charlotte, weighing 1158 kg (D sharp); Hyacinthe Jeanne, weighing 813 kg (fa); Denise David, weighing 670 kg (F sharp). An unusual sound is given by a 6-ton bell hanging in the right tower of the cathedral. It is said that it owes its pure and expressive sound to gold and silver. When the bell, presented to the cathedral in 1400, was cast in bronze, Parisian women threw their precious jewelry into the molten mass. This bell is said to have been struck by Quasimodo. However, it is precisely according to legend that no strongman can swing it alone.
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The cathedral houses one of the great Christian relics - the Crown of Thorns of Jesus Christ. The upper temple of Sainte-Chapelle, in which initially, before the chapel was turned into a museum, Crown of Thorns Savior and a particle of the Cross of the Lord. Until 1063, the crown was located on Mount Zion in Jerusalem, from where it was transported to the palace of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople. In 1238, King Louis IX of France acquired a crown from the Byzantine emperor.
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Legends of Notre Dame Cathedral It is said that medieval alchemists encoded the secret of the philosopher's stone into the geometry of Notre Dame. Fulcanelli saw many alchemical symbols in the architectural decoration of the cathedral. Another legend is about the blacksmith devil. The gates of Notre Dame are decorated with a wonderful pattern of wrought iron with equally amazing iron locks. Forging them was entrusted to a blacksmith named Biskorn. When the blacksmith heard that he would need to forge figured locks and patterns for the gates of the most beautiful cathedral in Paris, he was frightened in earnest. Thinking that he would never be able to cope with this, he tried to call on the help of the devil.
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The next day, when the canon of Notre Dame came to look at the work, he found the blacksmith unconscious, but in the forge he saw a real masterpiece: curly locks, overhead forged patterns, which were openwork intertwining leaves. On the day when the gate decoration was finished and the locks were cut in, the gate was impossible to open! I had to sprinkle them with holy water. Biskorn, stung by remorse, grew sad, became silent, and soon died. He took his secret with him, never revealing it - either out of fear that the secret would be stolen, or fearing that it would turn out that no one saw how he forged the gates of Notre Dame ...
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In the second half of the XII century. in the western part of the Parisian island of Cité, a grandiose construction began, which was destined to open a new chapter in the history of world architecture. The most famous example of the Gothic style was Notre Dame Cathedral.
Cathedral of Notre Dame
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The cathedral shows a duality of stylistic influences: on the one hand, there are echoes of the Romanesque style of Normandy with its characteristic powerful and dense unity, and on the other hand, innovative architectural achievements of the Gothic style are used, which give the building lightness and give the impression of simplicity of vertical construction. The height of the cathedral is 35 m, the length is 130 m, the width is 48 m, the height of the bell towers is 69 m, the weight of the Emmanuel bell in the eastern tower is 13 tons, its tongue is 500 kg.
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Designed in the form of a cross, the cathedral is divided into five longitudinal parts - naves and has several facades. Two towers rise above the western one, with which, as a rule, the cathedral is associated with every mention. The spire, raised to a height of 32 m, gives extraordinary elegance. In the central part, the facade is decorated with an openwork rose window.
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In the Middle Ages, the cathedral was traditionally considered the center of urban life. In addition to divine services, performances, city meetings, magnificent coronations also took place there.
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An indescribable feeling leaves a visit to the interior of the basilica, decorated with numerous sculptures and reliefs. Biblical and gospel motifs, heroes and simple characters, signs of the zodiac and allegories for human vices and virtues are easily guessed here. It is impossible to ignore the fantastic and real images of animals and plants of the carved ornament.
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Construction began in 1163, under Louis VII of France. Historians disagree on who exactly laid the foundation stone of the cathedral - Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III. The main altar of the cathedral was consecrated in May 1182, by 1196 the nave of the building was almost completed, work continued only on the main facade. By 1250, the construction of the cathedral was basically completed, and in 1315, the interior decoration was also completed. Construction of the western pediment, with its distinctive two towers, began around 1200.
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The feeling of monumentality, the stopping of life is destroyed by streams of sunlight through the most wonderful stained-glass windows on the windows, made of small pieces of colored glass in metal binding. The interior solution of the temple does not have the impression of heaviness at all: the support of the building is reinforced by giant external pillars, transverse walls and sloping semi-arches, special lightness is created due to the huge size of the windows. The original architecture of Notre Dame Cathedral has made it the main attraction of the French capital for many centuries.
Cathedral of Notre Dame
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The cathedral shows a duality of stylistic influences: on the one hand, there are echoes of the Romanesque style of Normandy with its characteristic powerful and dense unity, and on the other hand, innovative architectural achievements of the Gothic style are used, which give the building lightness and give the impression of simplicity of vertical construction. The height of the cathedral is 35 m, the length is 130 m, the width is 48 m, the height of the bell towers is 69 m, the weight of the Emmanuel bell in the eastern tower is 13 tons, its tongue is 500 kg.
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Designed in the form of a cross, the cathedral is divided into five longitudinal parts - naves and has several facades. Two towers rise above the western one, with which, as a rule, the cathedral is associated with every mention. The spire, raised to a height of 32 m, gives extraordinary elegance. In the central part, the facade is decorated with an openwork rose window.
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In the Middle Ages, the cathedral was traditionally considered the center of urban life. In addition to divine services, performances, city meetings, magnificent coronations also took place there.
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An indescribable feeling leaves a visit to the interior of the basilica, decorated with numerous sculptures and reliefs. Biblical and gospel motifs, heroes and simple characters, signs of the zodiac and allegories for human vices and virtues are easily guessed here. It is impossible to ignore the fantastic and real images of animals and plants of the carved ornament.
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Construction began in 1163, under Louis VII of France. Historians disagree on who exactly laid the foundation stone of the cathedral - Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III. The main altar of the cathedral was consecrated in May 1182, by 1196 the nave of the building was almost completed, work continued only on the main facade. By 1250, the construction of the cathedral was basically completed, and in 1315, the interior decoration was also completed.
Construction of the western pediment, with its distinctive two towers, began around 1200.
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The feeling of monumentality, the stopping of life is destroyed by streams of sunlight through the most wonderful stained-glass windows on the windows, made of small pieces of colored glass in metal binding.
The interior solution of the temple does not have the impression of heaviness at all: the support of the building is reinforced by giant external pillars, transverse walls and sloping semi-arches, special lightness is created due to the huge size of the windows.
The original architecture of Notre Dame Cathedral has made it the main attraction of the French capital for many centuries.
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The first large organ was installed in the cathedral in 1402. For these purposes, they used an old organ placed in a new Gothic building. Such an instrument could not sound the huge space of the cathedral, so in 1730 Francois-Henri Clicquot completed its completion. The instrument consisted of 46 registers located on five manuals. During its construction, most of the pipes of the original instrument were used, 12 of which have survived to this day. The organ also acquired its current building with a Louis XVI style façade.
Work on the musical began in 1993, when Plamondon compiled an approximate libretto for 30 songs and showed it to Cocciante, with whom he had previously worked and wrote, among other things, the song "L'amour existe encore" for Celine Dion. The composer already had several melodies ready, which he proposed for the musical. Subsequently, they became hits with "Belle", "Dance mon Esmeralda" and "Le temps des cathédrales". The musical's most famous song, "Belle", was the first to be written. Work on the musical began in 1993, when Plamondon compiled an approximate libretto for 30 songs and showed it to Cocciante, with whom he had previously worked and wrote, among other things, the song "L'amour existe encore" for Celine Dion. The composer already had several melodies ready, which he proposed for the musical. Subsequently, they became hits with "Belle", "Dance mon Esmeralda" and "Le temps des cathédrales". The musical's most famous song, "Belle", was the first to be written. 8 months before the premiere, a concept album was released - a disc with studio recordings of 16 main songs of the production. All songs were performed by the artists of the musical, with the exception of Esmeralda's parts. Canadian pop stars - Daniel Lavoie, Bruno Pelletier, Luc Merville were invited to the production. The premiere of the Russian version of the musical took place in Moscow on May 21, 2002. The production was produced by Katerina Gechmen-Waldeck, Alexander Weinstein and Vladimir Tartakovsky. The author of the text of the Russian version is the poet, bard, playwright and screenwriter Julius Kim. In 2008, the premiere of the Korean version of the musical took place, and in 2010 the musical started in Belgium.
The gypsy Esmeralda has been under the care of the gypsy baron Clopin since the death of her mother. After a band of gypsies try to sneak into Paris and take refuge in Notre Dame Cathedral, they are chased away by royal soldiers. The captain of the skirmishers, Phoebe de Chateaupe, takes an interest in Esmeralda. But he is already engaged to 17-year-old Fleur-de-Lys. The gypsy Esmeralda has been under the care of the gypsy baron Clopin since the death of her mother. After a band of gypsies try to sneak into Paris and take refuge in Notre Dame Cathedral, they are chased away by royal soldiers. The captain of the skirmishers, Phoebe de Chateaupe, takes an interest in Esmeralda. But he is already engaged to 17-year-old Fleur-de-Lys. At the festival of jesters, the hunchbacked, crooked and lame bell-ringer of the Quasimodo Cathedral comes to look at Esmeralda, with whom he is in love. For his ugliness, he is elected King of Jesters. His guardian and mentor, the archdeacon of Notre Dame Cathedral Frollo, runs up to him. He rips off his crown and tells him not to even look in the direction of Esmeralda and accuses her of witchcraft. He forces Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda, with whom he is secretly in love. He wants to lock her in the tower of the Cathedral. At night, the poet Gringoire wanders after Esmeralda, and becomes a witness to an attempt to kidnap her. But a detachment of Phoebus guarded nearby, and he protects the gypsy. Quasimodo is arrested. Phoebus appoints Esmeralda a date at the cabaret Shelter of Love. Frollo hears all this. Gringoire ends up in the Court of Miracles - the abode of vagabonds, thieves and other lumpen. Clopin decides to hang him because he, not being a criminal, went there. He was to be hanged unless any of the girls living there wanted to marry him. Esmeralda, after an offer from Clopin, agrees to save him. He promises to make her his muse, but Esmeralda is consumed by thoughts of Phoebe. She asks him about the meaning of her lover's name.
For attempting to kidnap Esmeralda, Quasimodo was sentenced to be broken on the wheel. Frollo is watching this. When Quasimodo asks for a drink, Esmeralda gives him water. For attempting to kidnap Esmeralda, Quasimodo was sentenced to be broken on the wheel. Frollo is watching this. When Quasimodo asks for a drink, Esmeralda gives him water. In the market square, all three - Quasimodo, Frollo and Phoebus confess their love to her. Here is "Three hearts created differently." In gratitude for the water, Quasimodo shows her the Cathedral and the bell tower, inviting her to come in whenever she wants. Frollo pursues Phoebus and enters the Shelter of Love with him. Seeing Esmeralda in the same bed with Phoebus, he stabs him with Esmeralda's dagger, which she carried with her all the time, and runs away, leaving Phoebus to die. Esmeralda is accused of this crime. Phoebus recovers and returns to Fleur-de-Lys, who asks Phoebus to swear that the lover will be punished. Frollo judges and tortures Esmeralda. He accuses her of witchcraft, prostitution and an attempt on Phoebus. Esmeralda states that she has nothing to do with this. She is sentenced to death by hanging.
An hour before the execution, Frollo descends into the dungeon of the La Sante prison, where Esmeralda is imprisoned. He sets a condition - he will let Esmeralda go if she accepts his love and is with him. Esmeralda refuses. The archdeacon tries to take her by force. An hour before the execution, Frollo descends into the dungeon of the La Sante prison, where Esmeralda is imprisoned. He sets a condition - he will let Esmeralda go if she accepts his love and is with him. Esmeralda refuses. The archdeacon tries to take her by force. Frollo kisses Esmeralda, and meanwhile Clopin and Quasimodo enter the dungeon. Clopin stuns the priest and frees his stepdaughter. Esmeralda hides in Notre Dame Cathedral. The inhabitants of the "Court of Miracles" come there to take Esmeralda. Royal soldiers under the command of Phoebus enter into battle with them. Clopin is killed. The vagabonds are expelled. Frollo gives Esmeralda to Phoebe and the executioner. Quasimodo searches for Esmeralda and instead finds Frollo. He confesses to him that he gave Esmeralda to the executioner because she refused him. Quasimodo throws Frollo off the cathedral and dies himself with the body of Esmeralda in his arms.
The musical got into the Guinness Book of Records as having the most successful first year of work. The musical got into the Guinness Book of Records as having the most successful first year of work. The famous song from this musical Belle was also performed in Russia by the now disbanded group Smash!!. With her, they won first place at the 2002 New Wave festival in Jurmala. The song "Belle" stayed in the French charts at number 1 for 33 weeks and was eventually recognized in France as the best song of the fiftieth anniversary. Initially, the composer wrote the parts of Quasimodo for himself. The Russian performer of the role of Esmeralda Teona Dolnikova is the only musical performer in the world who has received a high award, the Golden Mask theatrical award. Among the actresses who played the role of Esmeralda on stage at one time was the popular Australian singer Dannii Minogue, the sister of the even more famous pop singer Kylie Minogue. The first Russian production of the musical "Notre-Dame da Paris" was the performance of the Moscow theater "Dialogue" - "Love and Time", under the direction of Roman Akimov and Mikheeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna. The musical toured successfully, gathering auditoriums from 600 to 2,000 people. The theater received Honorary Diplomas of the Kremlin, the Academy of the FSB, the Federal Border Service. In 2003, the youth non-profit Project "Love and Time" was closed by the producers of the official Russian version of "Notre Dame de Paris" as competitive, citing "lost profits
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Purpose: to trace the evolution of the development of the musical Tasks: To define the musical To identify characteristics Determine the genre categories of the musical Get acquainted with the musical "Notre Dame de Paris"
Characteristic features of the musical: The breadth of the genre range (comedy, drama, tragedy) The leading role of pop music The equality of music, dance and conversational genre in the dramaturgy of the performance At the heart of a literary work The desire for content, high ideological content, depth of thought
Varieties of musicals: Musical - opera M. Legrand "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg", E. Webber "Jesus Christ - Superstar"
Varieties of musicals: Musical - operetta F. Lowe "My Fair Lady", R. Rogers "The Sound of Music"
Russian composers of musicals: I. Dunayevsky "Merry Fellows" (1934) "Circus" (1936) "Volga-Volga" (1938) and others (director G. Aleksandrov)
September 18, 1998 - premiere of the musical "Notre Dame de Paris" In 1993, the poet Luc Plamondon began to look for a plot for a new musical performance and chose the novel "Notre Dame Cathedral" by Victor Hugo. The famous composer, performer Richard Cochante joined the work. He played the motifs that later became Belle, “Dance, my Esmeralda”, “It's time for cathedrals”.
"Notre Dame de Paris" - the most successful musical "Notre Dame de Paris" - the first European musical to become world famous and moved the epicenter of musical creation to Europe. A competition was announced for the troupe of the musical, in which 1482 people took part. 45 artists were selected (for three compositions).
Quasimodo Of the Russian show business stars who auditioned for Notre Dame de Paris, the only artist was the lead singer of the Dances Minus group, Vyacheslav Petkun, who sings the part of Quasimodo.
Scenery The Operetta Theatre, especially for the premiere, was additionally equipped with sound and lighting equipment. The production and assembly of scenery was carried out at a defense plant next door to the production of Mi aircraft. G". The main decoration weighs 8 tons and is a prefabricated structure of 39 sections and three movable towers.
Belle The light has lit up my sick soul, No, I will not disturb your rest with passion, Delirium, midnight delirium torments my heart again, O Esmeralda, I dared to desire you.
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