Where to read a newspaper true of Stalin's times. The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda. The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The VI All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP (b), on the initiative of V. I. Lenin, adopted a decision to publish a mass workers' Bolshevik daily newspaper, and on April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of Pravda was published.

Hence the name of the Bolsheviks of that time - "Pravdists". With the help of this newspaper, it was intended to distract the working reader from the tabloid press and, under the slogan "unity from below", to ensure their influence in the social democratic organizations.

The working class vigorously supported the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such a newspaper. Inflow has begun money from workers.

The founder of the newspaper was V.I. Lenin. He supervised the work of the publication from abroad. The official publisher of the newspaper until December 1912 was N.G. Poletaev, then A.E.Badaev. The literary department in 1912-1914 was headed by Maxim Gorky. VM Molotov worked as the editorial secretary. I. Stalin was the organizer and leader of Pravda in the years 1912-1914 and in 1917, when Pravda played a role in preparing the armed uprising.

The newspaper was closed several times, but continued to be published under different names: in 1913 - "Rabochaya Pravda", "Severnaya Pravda", "Proletarskaya Pravda", "Trudovaya Pravda". Before the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914, the newspaper was finally banned. In 1917, the issue of Pravda was resumed. And after the October Revolution in 1917, Pravda received the status of an organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP.

Already at the end of 1912, Vladimir Ilyich wrote about the creation of Pravda as a major event history: "By putting on a daily workers' newspaper, the St. Petersburg workers have accomplished a major - without exaggeration, one might say, a historic deed ... The creation of Pravda is an outstanding proof of the consciousness, energy and solidarity of the Russian workers."

Date of publication: 06/14/2019

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On April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of the first legal daily workers' newspaper in Russia, created on the initiative ofV. I. Lenin - "Truth". The newspaper began to be published by the decision of the 6th All-Russian (Prague) ConferenceRSDLPheld in January 1912 in response to the workers' desire for a daily newspaper.

The actual editor and leader of Pravda was V. I. Lenin. He determined its direction, took care of the selection of the editorial staff and the group of authors, and developed the structure of the newspaper. Publishers "Pravda" and its active staff there were Bolsheviks - deputies of the 4th State Duma: AE Badaev, MK Muranov, GI Petrovsky, FN Samoilov, NR Shagov.

The purpose of the newspaper was "to illuminate the path of the Russian workers' movement with the light of international social democracy, to sow the truth among the workers about the friends and enemies of the working class, to guard the interests of the working class ...".

Pravda was published with funds from voluntary contributions from workers, many of whom were its active collaborators, correspondents and distributors. Thanks to their massive support, the newspaper was published in a large circulation at that time - on average 40 thousand copies, and in some months - up to 60 thousand copies daily.

In 1912-1914. in "Pravda" published correspondence on the course of the proletarian struggle in various cities of the country, letters about the working and living conditions of workers, materials about the life of the countryside. The newspaper wrote about the need to confiscate all the landowners' lands in favor of the peasants, called on all strata of the working people under the leadership of the working class to fight the autocracy, against social and national oppression.

Pravda was subjected to constant police harassment. In two years the newspaper was closed eight times, but continued to be published under different names: Rabochaya Pravda, Severnaya Pravda, Pravda Truda, etc. 8(21) July 1914 the newspaper was closed, its publication was resumed on 5(18) March 1917, the Provisional Government continued the policy of persecuting the newspaper, it was again forced to change its names: "Leaf of Pravdy", "Proletarian", "Rabochy", "Rabochy Put".

On October 27 (November 9) 1917 the Central Organ of the Bolshevik Party began to appear under its former name. Pravda propagandized the strategy and tactics of the Bolshevik Party, carried out a great deal of ideological and educational work, published the most important documents and materials of the Party, the work of Lenin.

With the liquidation of the non-communist press in 1918, Pravda became the main newspaper in the country. On its pages, the most acute, topical issues of state policy and public life were always discussed.

In 1922, to commemorate the publication of the first issue of the newspaper PravdaX Congress of the RCP (b) adopted a Resolution on the celebration of the 5th May Press Day.

In 1945 the newspaper was awardedOrder of Lenin for outstanding achievements in mobilizing the Soviet people for building a socialist society and defending the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. The 50th and 60th anniversaries of Pravda were marked by the presentation of the second Order of Lenin andOrder of the October Revolution .

In 1975, the newspaper was published with a total one-time circulation of 10.6 million copies, was printed simultaneously in 42 cities from pages received via phototelegraphic communication channels or from matrices delivered by air, the newspaper was subscribed to in more than 120 foreign countries.

In the early 1990s. Pravda has suspended and resumed its issues several times.

In April 1997, the newspaper began to appear as an organ of the Communist Party, which was confirmed by a special resolution of the IV Congress of the Communist Party.

Lit .: Press Day // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M., T.8. 1972; The daily workers' newspaper "Pravda". April 22 (May 5) 1912 No.one; The same [Electronic resource].Url: http: // oldgazette. ru / pravda / 05051912 / index1. html; Andronov S.A., Tsukasov S. V. Truth // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M.,T. 20.1975.

"Pravda" - Soviet and russian newspaper, until 1991 - the main daily print media of the CPSU and the most influential print publication, in fact - main newspaper in the USSR. The first issue of the newspaper entitled "Pravda" was published on May 5, 1912. At that time, Pravda was not the official organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b); the illegal newspaper Sotsial-Demokrat, which was printed abroad and imported into Russia illegally, was considered such.

The Sixth All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP (B), on the initiative of Vladimir Lenin, adopted a decision to publish a mass workers' Bolshevik daily newspaper. Money for its publication was collected from factories and factories among workers. The Lena execution accelerated the issue of the release of a workers' newspaper.

Even before that, from October 1908 to April 1912, first in Lvov and then in Vienna, the popular Social Democratic newspaper Pravda was published under the editorship of Trotsky, the international section of which was led by Ioffe.

The publication of a second newspaper with the same name caused a sharp controversy, including even an appeal to the German socialists as arbitrators, but this did not lead to anything, and the name Pravda remained with the Leninist newspaper. The circulation of the newspaper was about 40 thousand copies, sometimes reaching 60 thousand.

The newspaper clearly followed the ideological line of the government, for example - after the conclusion of the Molotov-Ribentropp Pact, the newspaper not only stopped all criticism of the German government, but the word "fascism" disappeared from its pages, at the same time England, France and the United States were declared "the main arsonists war ".

Articles and feuilletons of Pravda were equal to a government decree or a court sentence. The question of what to publish in Pravda and what not was often decided in the Politburo. Many ideological campaigns - the Stakhanov movement, criticism of Zoshchenko and Akhmatova, the fight against "rootless cosmopolitanism", the virgin epic - began with the publication of Pravda.

The newspaper's circulation grew and in 1975 reached 10.6 million copies. This was largely due to the compulsory subscription to party publications for members of the CPSU. Articles, essays and feuilletons published in Pravda were practically orders for the execution and leadership of all party organizations - the entire country.

Obituaries were published in Pravda; from the first page, readers learned about the deaths of Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev and others. Also, the first page of Pravda told about the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War, about the flight of Yuri Gagarin and many other important events.

The newspaper was published in two issues, intended for different regions of the USSR, taking into account time zones and delivery time from the nearest printing house. The first issue was delivered to the Kalinin region from Moscow, and the second was delivered to Moscow and the Moscow region.

The main circulation, issued in Moscow, was produced in the newspaper's own printing house using letterpress printing, but part of the circulation only for Moscow eventually began to be printed by offset printing, which significantly improved the quality of photographs.

 

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