Komsomolets boat. The Komsomolets torpedo boat was a formidable weapon of Soviet torpedo sailors during the Great Patriotic War. The performance characteristics of the Komsomolets torpedo boats

The monument was erected in St. Petersburg on the territory of the Lenexpo exhibition complex (Bolshoy Prospekt Vasilyevsky Island, 103).
You can get to the monument by city public transport, more than ten routes of which pass in the immediate vicinity.
Stop "Sredny prospect (Cash street)".
Free parking is available nearby.

Free access (even too free), you can touch, climb. There is no security (except for the Lenexpo security).

On this day on the territory of Lenexpo there was a "Smelt Festival". The square was filled with exhibitions, stalls, street cafes.
Therefore, there are many people in the frame.

400 meters north of the boat, there is another naval memorial, Submarine D-2 Narodovolets.

all photos are clickable up to 3648x2736


02. We found the boat quite by accident when we went to the mentioned holiday, after inspecting the "Narodnaya Volya".



03. There are no signs of the type / project / number / name on the boat itself and its pedestal.
To determine the ship, I re-read several reference books, kindly posted on the site Encyclopedia of Ships by Andrey Pupko.
By the way, in my opinion, it is the best Russian-language encyclopedia on ship-related topics.



04. Also, through an iterative search, I was able to presumably determine which boat was installed as this monument.
In several sources, for example http://russian-ships.info/katera/123.htm, this boat is designated as TK-23 project 123-K.
I did not find any other confirmation of the number, but according to the drawings and descriptions of weapons I found in the reference books (type of machine guns, presence of radar, general layout), this is really "Torpedo boat pr.123-K".



05. Project 123-K was the development of projects for the redirected torpedo boats of projects 123 "Komsomolets" (the first boat was launched in 1940) and 123-bis (1944).
123-K is a post-war series (1949-55), improved over the previous ones.
Increased speed, changed weapons.



06. A total of 205 boats of this project were built.
This is the last series of MTKA (Small Torpedo Boats) produced in the USSR.



07.




08. Several dozen 123-K boats were exported to China, Egypt, Cyprus, North Korea and other countries.
Some were installed as a memory of the war. Exactly the same boat is at the sea terminal in Novorossiysk.



09. On the pedestal, next to the large inscription "1941-1945 to the heroic sailors of the Baltic torpedo boats", there is
small plate with brief description heroic episodes and exploits of sailors-boats.
(the boat itself, let me remind you, was released in the 1950s and did not take part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War)



10. Paired large-caliber machine guns Vladimirov (KPV) in the installation 2M-5. Tape feed (80 shots per tape).
Installations 2M-5 were produced at the Tula Machine-Building Plant.
The junior is the shooter.



12. The bow of the deck (tank).
Under the large rectangular cover there should be an engine compartment with an engine.

Torpedo boat "Komsomolets"

Victory attacks "Komsomoltsy"

Spring in the Baltic is a turbulent time. Now it will storm, then suddenly a fog will fall, but so thick that you will not see anything two steps away. But the seamen-Baltic are only on hand: it will cover from the air from the Nazis, and from the coastal defense posts.

That night, there was fog over the sea too, and the five-point wind blowing from the northwest created a large swell. The boats were going at very slow speed. This disguised, but required from the crews iron endurance and self-control. It was possible to approach the Hel spit unnoticed, and soon it became clear from the suddenly calming wave that the boats were in the port water area.

When the fog cleared slightly, the enemy ships were unexpectedly close. There were three of them - at the anchorage at Port Hel there was a destroyer (as it was later established - Z-34), a patrol boat converted from a fishing vessel, and the silhouette of a third was barely guessed in the darkness. Now it only remained to wait until the distance to them was reduced literally to the "pistol" - then a miss would be excluded for sure.

Without increasing speed, the torpedo bombers approached the enemy. Finally, the long-awaited command: "Attack!" And at the same moment from the TK-131, commanded by Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, a two-torpedo salvo followed. The boat turned south, and behind it a thick cloudy blanket began to swell - after completing the attack, the crew began setting up a smoke screen.

Several agonizing seconds - and a deafening explosion is heard behind the boat: the torpedoes hit the target. Behind him, with a slight delay, the second rumbles - this is discharging the TK-133 apparatus of Lieutenant Commander V. Solodovnikov.

And immediately the engines - afterburner! Covering themselves with curtains, the participants of the daring raid rushed to the exit from the bay, leaving the seriously damaged destroyer Z-34 and the sinking patrol boat in it.

This fleeting battle with fascist ships was fought by the new Soviet Komsomolets-class torpedo boats. They entered service in August 1944, when the war was rolling back further and further west. They were built on voluntary contributions from the Soviet people, and therefore some of them, in addition to numbers, received the names: "Tyumensky worker", "Tyumensky Komsomolets", "Tyumensky pioneer".

These were cut boats of a completely new design, significantly different from their counterparts of the G-5 and D-3 types and surpassing them in a number of combat qualities. Unlike the old wooden ones, the new ones had a duralumin hull 18.7 m long and 3.4 m wide, divided into five compartments by waterproof bulkheads with a spacing of 20-25 cm; the standard displacement is 20.5 tons and the total displacement is 23 tons. A hollow keel, which played the role of a keel, passed along the entire length of the hull. Two aircraft engines of the "Packard" type with a capacity of 1200 liters. from. provided the boat with a speed of up to 48 knots. The motors were located in the hull one after the other so that the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right one - 10. To reduce the pitching on the underwater part of the hull, side keels were provided. The maximum seaworthiness of the torpedo bomber was 4 points.

The armament consisted of two machine-gun installations - "twin" large-caliber DShK (on XIII series boats of a later construction they were replaced by twin 20-mm ShVAK assault rifles), six large depth charges and two torpedo tubes of 450 mm caliber. The torpedoes of the 1938 model had a mass of 950 kg and carried 200 kg of explosives each. The smoke equipment is a 40 liter cylinder designed for a pressure of 200 atmospheres. The combat autonomy was 36 hours. Unlike other domestic-built boats, the Komsomolets had an armored (7 mm thick sheet) wheelhouse. The crew consisted of 7 people.

These torpedo bombers demonstrated their high combat qualities to the greatest extent in the spring of 1945, when the Red Army units were already completing the defeat of the Nazi troops, moving towards Berlin with heavy battles. From the sea, Soviet ground troops covered the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and the entire burden of hostilities in the waters of the southern Baltic fell on the shoulders of the crews of submarines, naval aviation and torpedo boats.

Trying to somehow delay their inevitable end and preserve ports for the evacuation of retreating troops as long as possible, the Nazis made feverish attempts to dramatically increase the number of search and strike and patrol groups of boats. These urgent measures to some extent exacerbated the situation in the Baltic, and then four Komsomol members were deployed to help the active forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, which became part of the 3rd division of torpedo boats.

On the night of April 21, the search for enemy ships in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Hel spit was continued by a detachment of boats, commanded by Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko. But in vain did the torpedo bombers iron the sea - they could not find the enemy. And then P. Efimenko decided to go into the depths of the Danzig Bay - to the mouth of the Vistula. The task at that time for the boatmen was one: to find and sink enemy ships, which continued to intensively transfer troops across the sea.

Finally, luck: three BDBs were discovered - high-speed landing barges with strong artillery weapons.

Five patrol boats followed at a short distance. To attack? What if this is the vanguard of a large convoy? Perhaps it makes sense to dodge the fight ... The agonizing hours of waiting began to flow. But the intuition and calculation of the lieutenant commander turned out to be correct. As soon as the predawn twilight dispelled the darkness of the night, a caravan appeared from the haze. It consisted of extremely overloaded transport guarded by destroyers, patrol boats and torpedo boats. Two BDBs closed the marching order.

Now it was possible to fire torpedoes! After assigning the targets, the squad leader gave the order.

The first to rush forward was TK-135 of Senior Lieutenant A. Aksenov. Both torpedo tubes went off, and after a few minutes a devastating twin explosion literally broke the transport in half: the ship, engulfed in fire, sank in front of the sailors. Then Aksenov's actions were almost automatic - a U-turn, setting a smoke screen and leaving on afterburner ... However, this time the boatmen were out of luck: when exiting the battle, a shell hit the engine compartment. The engines immediately stopped, and the "one hundred and thirty-fifth" swayed helplessly on the waves ...

Endless minutes passed. In the cramped, gasoline frenzy of the engine compartment, the engine workers "patched up" the lines torn by shrapnel. From time to time, meager machine-gun bursts and impatient questions from the commander could be heard here in the compartment. Finally, the wheelhouse was reported: "The damage has been repaired, we can go on one engine."

And then help arrived, TK-131 of Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, covering A. Aksenov's Komsomolets with a smoke screen, took the emergency boat in tow. However, the fast landing barge of the Nazis, opening artillery fire, blocked the path of the torpedo bombers. And immediately our machine-gun mounts spoke in response: the BDB caught fire, then an explosion followed, and a few minutes later only fragments of a barge remained on the surface of the water. The path to the home base was clear.

These were the last days of the Great Patriotic War, the last victorious attacks of torpedo boats. The war will end, and the symbol of courage - as an example for descendants, for edification of enemies - will forever freeze on pedestals covered with military glory "Komsomol members".

N. Fedorov


1 - bow mast, 2 - railing, 3 - radio antenna, 4 - deck handrails, 5 - rack, 6 - removable hatch of the engine compartment, 7 - deflector shield of the engine compartment, 8 - torpedo sight, 9 - searchlight, 10 - electric siren, 11 - windshield, 12 - mast, 13 - rey, 14 - klotik fire lantern, 15 - whip radio antenna, 16 - pennant, 17 - lanyard, 18 - coaxial heavy machine gun, 19 - conning tower, 20 - torpedo tube, 21 - removable fuel compartment hatch, 22 - wake lantern, 23 - smoke equipment, 24 - flagpole, 25 - naval flag, 26 - ring with eight smoke nozzles, 27 - consoles, 28 - rudders with a transom turning system, 29 - rowing propeller, 30 - propeller shaft bracket, 31 - propeller shaft (in the casing), 32 - ventilation pockets, 33 - side stringer, 34 - side keels, 35 - right engine exhaust, 36 - side ventilation, 37 - left exhaust engine, 38 - entrance hatch of the ram compartment (forepeak), 39 - engine compartment entrance hatch, 40 - command hatch, 41 - conning tower handrails, 42 - fuel compartment entrance hatch, 43 - aft compartment entrance hatch (afterpeak), 44 - post, 45 - rail, 46 - smoke buoy, 47 - coaxial machine gun turret , 48 - wheelhouse, 49 - radio antenna input, 50 - side light, 51 - steering wheel, 52 - sponson, 53 - wheelhouse roof, 54 - deck window with fencing, 55 - bollard, 56 - biteng, 57 - flail bar


Modeling tips

The hull of the "Komsomolets" boat model is easiest to make from a whole bar of soft wood (linden, aspen or poplar) without cracks and through knots. Having drawn the line of the diametrical plane of the DP), the bar is divided into spacing and the outline of the deck is drawn. After processing with a plane, a stem is drawn along the contour of the deck and a transom is cut out of the plywood. It is greased with glue and nailed to the stern.

By hollowing out the hull, a series of holes are drilled in the deck. Then, with the help of chisels, wood is selected, leaving the thickness of the sides 5 - 7 mm. After drawing the lines for the location of the frames, the model body is given the required shape according to the templates.

Superstructures are assembled from plywood 1 mm thick, plexiglass, tin or brass.

The simplest mover of the model is a rubber motor. It is better to use a large rubber band with a gearbox or two series-connected rubber motors, connected through a gear reducer with a gear ratio of 1: 1.

On a larger boat model (made, for example, on a scale of 1:25), it is better to install an electric motor of the MU-25, MU-30, MU-50 types. Since these motors are high-speed, a gearbox with gears is required, the meshing modulus of which is 0.6; 0.7; 08.

The electric motor is mounted on wooden bases ("pillows") or screwed to the reinforced bulkhead of the body. You can also attach it directly to the gearbox.

For propeller shafts, rod steel Ø 2-4 mm, bicycle and motorcycle spokes are suitable.

Propeller shafts are inserted into stern tubes, at the end of which brass, bronze or fluoroplastic bushings (or bearing) with an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the propeller shaft are pressed in. To stuff the deadwood with grease, a short tube (30-40 mm long) is soldered with a screw to tighten the grease as it is consumed.

The simplest connection between the engine and the propeller shaft is a spring or rubber tube. But a more reliable link between the engine and the gearbox, as well as between the gearbox and the propeller shaft, is the Cardan joint.

Coloring: underwater part of the hull - green, side number - white, biteng, bollards, machine guns - black. The surface of the hull was painted in the Pacific and Red Banner Baltic Fleets - in a ball color, on the Black Sea - in a light ball with a blue tint, in the North - a dark ball with a tint of green. The waterline is white.

The final operation is polishing. For this, the most suitable polishing paste for cars or GOI paste. It is placed on a soft rag, piece of felt or felt and the surface is brought to a shine in a circular motion. Then it is wiped with polishing water, kerosene or liquid oil.

Torpedo boat "Komsomolets":
made in Tyumen

70 years later, the stories about the 123 "Komsomolets" type high-speed torpedo boats produced in Tyumen, which terrified the enemy, seem like a myth to us Siberians living far from the sea. In addition to a small boat on the bas-relief near the Eternal Flame and the "school" model in the local history museum, most of the townspeople have nothing to show. We found those people in Tyumen who still remember this weapon.

By the beginning of hostilities, the Soviet mosquito fleet had two main types of torpedo boats. The shipyards of Tyumen and Rybinsk continued to launch boats of the G-5 type, and the boats of the D-3 type built factories in Leningrad and Sosnovka (Vyatsko-Polyansky district of the Kirov region). In terms of their functions, these ships successfully complemented each other. Small G-5 made of chain-link aluminum were boats of coastal action. The seagoing D-3s with a hull made of wood could operate in remote areas, up to 240 miles (445 km) from the base.

Drawing scheme "Komsomolets"

This 23-ton duralumin ship was in many ways superior to its predecessor, the G-5. Changes in the design led to a good seaworthiness of the new boat - up to 4 points inclusive. In the bottom along the entire length of the Komsomolets hull there was a hollow beam that served as a keel. In addition, there were additional keels on the sides below the waterline to reduce the roll. Number of watertight compartments
increased to six. For the first time, an armored cabin made of 7-mm sheet steel appeared on Komsomolets.

Finally, the ship's armament has changed significantly - coaxial machine guns instead of single and tubular torpedo tubes on the deck instead of aft troughs. Unlike G-5, "Komsomolets" could attack the enemy with torpedoes at the lowest speed. The first boat of the new project (actually "Komsomolets") was laid down on July 30, 1939, one month before the start of the Second World War. It was launched on May 16, 1940, and it entered service on October 25 of the same year.
In the summer of 1940, when Komsomolets was being tested, they tried to improve its design. For the modification of the ship, the design group of V.M. Burlakov. The first step was to strengthen the anti-aircraft armament, instead of one DShK machine gun, they installed four. At the same time, the displacement of the ship increased by 3 tons, and the speed decreased from 51 knots to 46-48. It was also necessary to reduce the caliber of the torpedo tubes. Three dozen
boats of this type entered service with the active fleet in 1948-45.

During the war years, at the facilities of factories evacuated to the Urals from Leningrad, Rybinsk, Kherson, Kerch, the Tyumen shipyard delivered 165 torpedo boats to the front.

On the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Victory, the Hero of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Veterans-Sailors of Torpedo Boats of the Baltic Fleet, in an open letter to the residents of Tyumen in 1985, spoke about how the boats proved themselves in naval battles in an open letter to Tyumen residents in 1985 on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Victory: “I consider it my duty to express my deep gratitude and gratitude to all Tyumen residents for everything they did during the war years for the Victory.Torpedo boats built by workers, engineers, technicians, employees of the Tyumen shipyard, in incredibly difficult conditions, played important role in the defense of Leningrad, on the near and distant approaches to it. Glorious heroic sailors on torpedo boats crushed the enemy, sank 119 and damaged 34 ships and transport of Nazi Germany. Many commanders and sailors of torpedo boats were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and were awarded orders and medals for their heroic deeds. "

Tyumen pensioner Yuri A. Buinosov was one of those who, during the war, built the 123 bis "Komsomolets" torpedo boats at the Tyumen shipyard. He came to the plant at the age of 15, became a plaza marker - he drew full-size details of the future boat on his knees: frames, beams. When theoretical drawing was ready, he was sent for approval to Moscow. Type 123 torpedo boat was developed in Leningrad. After examining the drawings, the engineers made changes to the project, so it received the prefix "encore" and was put into series at the Tyumen plant.

“When the war began, unfinished Type 116 torpedo boats were evacuated from Feodosia to Tyumen on railway platforms,” Yuri Anatolyevich Buinosov told Vslukh.ru. “But they were far from perfect. Before launching torpedoes, boats of this type had to turn stern to enemy, and during the battle, turning sideways, they became vulnerable. They were shot like sparrows. Therefore, a new type of torpedo boat was built in Tyumen. Experts from Leningrad worked with us. The torpedo boat had much in common with the aircraft: streamlined bottom, duralumin hull , two aircraft engines were used as power plants. At first they tried to install our engines, but they did not "pull." So we decided to install American Packard ones. "

Special design propellers were also manufactured in Tyumen. The tests of the boat on Tour exceeded all expectations. According to the memoirs of Yuri Anatolyevich, before the launch of the boat, the director of the plant went downstream on the ship and personally made sure that there was no one on the river.

In those years, the main problem for all river workers was floating logs, they were floated down the river, some of the logs were lost, - explained the veteran of the labor front. - When wet, they almost completely disappeared under water. When hitting the side, such a log could easily sink the ship, therefore, along the coast on the river, special "harbors" were arranged for catching snag. So when a torpedo boat passed along the river, all these "harbors" were on the shore. After this incident, boats were tested only at sea. "

According to Yuri Anatolyevich, the screws were untwisted so that the boat left behind not just a water trail, but a deep ditch. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine what the wave was on the shore.

The plant was well guarded, and in the shop where Yuri Anatolyevich worked, there was additional security. The boats were built in secret from most of the townspeople. There, at the plant, weapons were installed on each combat unit. The boats were taken by sailors, who were given 10 days of rest after the battle. Torpedo boats were loaded onto platforms and taken out of the factory only at night. Each platform with a boat had a frame, which was covered with a tarpaulin around the entire perimeter.

“It was impossible to understand what was hidden under the canvas box, even being close,” noted Yuri Anatolyevich. “These are the parcels we sent to the front.”

Boris Mishatin

– At 50 knots« Komsomolets» walked, in fact, on the screws, everything else was in the air, - says the veteran Boris Mishatin... - The boat could gain such speed in a minute. Feelings cannot be conveyed! If you open your mouth, it will tear your cheeks. The boat raises splashes, plus the wind, and it’s like a firefighter is pouring a powerful jet from a cannon on you, so we’re on boats all the time were in diving suits. Life, of course, was Spartan: the minders slept on the engines, the radio operator bowed his head on the radio, and we from the upper team - the commander, the boatswain, the torpedo operator, the machine gunners - regardless of the weather, slept right on the deck both in the rain and in the snow. On the G-5 they lay down directly on the torpedoes. The Vesper had everything: cockpits, a galley and even a refrigerator. However, the torpedo boat was not created for long transitions -andso he went and left. As we said:« Hello enemy, and« be healthy» , eternal rest» .

tramp_\u003e In my opinion, in this case, the underwater part of the hull contours is primary (after all, the ship moves primarily in water, and not in the air), the conversion of the cruiser pr.26 into the OS-33 experimental vessel with a change in the surface of the hull did not lead to significant changes in in terms of the characteristics of the ship (if, for example, you do not throw out the boiler room with a corresponding decrease in speed), replacing the carapace deck of the descendant of the G-5 with a flat one more typical for the TKA VMV is more related to the modification of the project in terms of ease of operation of the boat by the crew, maintenance of TA and equipment, replacement for example 2 456 mm TA by two 533 mm would lead to a change in load, probably to a change in CG, a decrease in metacentric height, but in general the project will be the same.

So I also say that an accurate and logical determination of when new ship -Modernization, and when it's a new project not. Each is his own boss, all the more the higher authorities. What is it guided by when determining the degree of modernization, this is a great secret. You can debate a lot on this topic, but you can get an explanation only for yourself, the explanation that suits me personally, even those things that are not logically explained, but are explained voluntarily (which is what many bosses sin, especially the military. " means lumen "). Or only the one who made this decision can tell, but he will never tell (by the way, the wonderful turn of speech "to make a decision" is not to decide, not to justify, but to accept - this is voluntarism). There can be many reasons, from a reluctance to show the government that we have a very wide range of different projects of the same type of ships, to a desire to receive a prize for developing a new ship, which is actually modernization. Such things are now normal not only for the authorities, but also for the respectable public. So the threshold to make a decision or decide logically or mathematically dropped sharply. This is very well seen by young people. The more illiterate a person is, the higher his self-esteem is, the more inclined he is to “make decisions,” although afterwards, it is advisable not to answer for the consequences. Sorry for the lyrical digression. I continue on the case.
Take wide famous story with project 1134 and its modifications 1134A, 1134B. Or with Nuclear submarine 667. But the project 645 is very similar to that, but 627, but this is a different project, not a modification. By and large, you think, another pot was installed, so there is already another project or something. And here and there the turbine turns steam, but how it is produced is a somewhat secondary issue. A moot point, right? By the way, according to OS-33, after testing it was originally planned to return to its original state, so, in principle, this is an explanation for me.
As for the boat, I wrote, all the explanations are in the article, and it seems to me very logical.

The Soviet torpedo boat "Komsomolets" is a small high-speed military mine and artillery ship designed to deliver torpedo attacks on enemy ships in the coastal maritime zone... Due to the design features and high tactical and technical parameters, ships of this type can be used for other purposes: carrying out amphibious operations, conducting sea reconnaissance and laying minefields.

The history of creation and development of the project of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"

The assignment for the design of a new torpedo boat for the Russian Navy in 1939 was given to a group of designers from factory # 194. Design work led by P.I. Taptygin. The new torpedo boat received the factory index - project 123. The main goal set for the Soviet designers was to create a more powerful warship that could replace the G-5 torpedo boats that formed the backbone of the Russian mosquito fleet.

The lead ship of Project 123 was laid down in July 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad shipyard # 194. In October 1940, the ship entered service, and in March 1941, a new torpedo boat was enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet.

Subsequently, work began on improving the project. As a result, a whole family of torpedo boats of projects 123bis, M-123bis and 123K appeared, in different years, produced by Soviet shipbuilding plants.

In total, during the Great Patriotic War, Soviet shipbuilders transferred 30 units of various modifications to the fleet. In 1946-48, another 88 torpedo boats of various types were manufactured.

The performance characteristics of the Komsomolets torpedo boats

  • Displacement - 20.5 tons.
  • Length - 18.7 m, width - 3.44 m, draft - 1.0 m.
  • Two petrol engines with 1200 hp.
  • Full speed - 48 knots.
  • Cruising range - 240 miles.
  • Armament: two 450-mm torpedo tubes, two coaxial 12.7-mm anti-aircraft machine guns DShK, 6 depth charges "BM-1".
  • Crew - 7 people.

Torpedo boats "Komsomolets" were used in hostilities in the Black Sea and in the Baltic on final stage Great Patriotic War. In the postwar period, in the 50s, part of this type of torpedo boats was transferred to the People's Republic of China. As part of the PLA naval forces, torpedo boats were used during the Vietnam-Chinese armed conflict in the South China Sea. A small number of Komsomolets boats were transferred to political regimes friendly to the USSR.

Photo of the boat

 

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