Presentation on "the rotation of the earth". Lesson summary, technological map and presentation on the "daily rotation of the earth". Presentation - Earth Illumination Belts - Time Zones Geography Presentation Axial Rotation of the Earth

Remark 1

  1. Hot Light Belt;

Definition 1

Illumination Belt

Hot Belt of Illumination

Moderate light belts

Cold belts of illumination

Definition 2

Polar day

Definition 3

polar night

1. Light belts of the Earth.

Tasks according to Fig. 1.

1) Sign the names of the poles, tropics, polar circles, and sanctification belts of the Earth.

2) Indicate the day of the year and the peculiarities of the position of the Sun at the poles, tropics and polar circles, the seasons that occur in different parts of the Earth's surface.

3) Fill in the missing words.

Summer begins in the northern hemisphere, winter in the southern. The sun is at its zenith above the line northern tropic, does not go beyond the horizon above the line arctic circle... In the Northern Hemisphere, the length of the day is longer than the length of the night.

Summer solstice day.

2. Rotation of the Earth around its axis.

Tasks according to Fig. 2.

1) Indicate the direction of rotation of the Earth around its axis.

2) Designate the areas of the Earth where you can observe: a) the sunrise; b) evening twilight; c) day and night.

3) Fill in the missing words.

The earth makes a complete revolution on its axis in 24 hours. If in your locality it is day now, then in 12 hours it will be night. In 24 hours, the Earth will rotate 360 ​​degrees, and in 1 hour - 15 degrees.

School of the geographer-pathfinder.

While working with the Earth-Moon-Sun (Tellurium) model, compose and record a story about one of the four special positions of the Earth in the circumsolar orbit.

  1. The date corresponding to the given position of the Earth. In this position, the Earth is in circumsolar orbit on June 22.
  2. The seasons that end spring-autumn and begin summer-winter on this day according to the astronomical calendar. On this day in the Northern Hemisphere, spring ends and summer begins. And in the Southern Hemisphere, autumn ends and winter begins.
  3. The sides of the horizon from where the sun rises and where the sun sets on that day. The sun on this day rises in the west and sets in the east.
  4. Sunrise and sunset times on this day. The sun rises early on this day and sets late.

The natural change in the position of the Earth in relation to the Sun during its orbital motion while maintaining a certain inclination of the axis of rotation determines the position on the Earth of the lines of the tropics and polar circles, limiting the belts of illumination (astronomical heat belts). They stand out depending on the midday height of the Sun and the duration of illumination (from the length of the day).
Between the tropics (north - the Tropic of Cancer and the south - the Tropic of Capricorn) lies a hot astronomical belt, within which the Sun twice a year stands at noon at its zenith. At the equator, these moments are separated by equal time intervals of 6 months (March 21 and September 23). In the tropics, the Sun is at its zenith only once a year - on the days of the solstices (in the northern tropics - June 22, in the southern - December 23). In the belts located between the tropics and the polar circles, in moderate astronomical belts, The sun does not appear at its zenith, but within 24 hours there must be a change of day and night, and their duration depends on the season and latitude. In the polar circles, the Sun does not rise above the horizon higher than 47 °, but in summer it may not hide behind the horizon for a whole day. In winter, the sun is not shown at all throughout the day. North of the Arctic Circle and south of the South Arctic Circle are cold astronomical belts... They differ in that at a low position above the horizon (less than 47 °) the Sun does not hide for up to six months (at the poles) and the same period of time does not appear (Tables 2, 3).

The higher the Sun is above the horizon, the more solar heat is received by the surface on which its rays fall. Therefore, the belts between the tropics are hot, the belts between the polar circles and the poles are cold. The intermediate (located between the tropics and the polar circles) belts in terms of the amount of heat received from the Sun are moderate. The lines of the tropics and polar circles can be taken as the boundaries of the thermal zones only conditionally, since in reality the temperature is determined by a number of conditions that depend primarily on the nature of the surface. But these lines, of course, are the boundaries of belts with different durations of illumination by their sunbeams.
The location of the line of the tropics and polar circles depends on the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of the planet to its orbit. If the Earth's axis did not have an inclination to the orbit, these lines would not exist at all, and the belts of illumination (astronomical heat belts) would not stand out. This situation exists, for example, on Mercury. On a planet whose axis of rotation is inclined to orbit by 45 °, at latitudes 45 ° N. and y. on the day of the summer solstice in the corresponding hemisphere, the sun's rays fall vertically (as on the earth's tropics), and on the day of the winter solstice, the sun does not appear over the horizon (as on the earth's polar circles). There will be no moderate astronomical belt on such a planet at all.
A change in the inclination of the planet's rotation axis to its orbit causes the expansion or contraction of astronomical heat belts (light belts).
The result of the rotation of the Earth around its axis and the resulting change of day and night is circadian rhythm processes in the geographic shell of the Earth. During the day, the amount of solar energy received by the surface naturally changes, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and air movement change. Organisms are sensitive to these changes, which in turn affect their environment. The daily rhythm of the processes manifests itself against the background of their annual rhythm, conditioned by the movement of the Earth around the axis, by the change of seasons and expressed in the regular change of phenomena in nature.

It decreases from the equator to the poles, which is the result of the spherical shape of the planet. The height of the noon Sun near the equator and at the equator will be the highest, and at the Poles of the planet - the smallest. This leads to the fact that each unit of the area of ​​solar heat and light receives less and less.

Remark 1

As a result of such an uneven distribution of solar heat and light, the Earth's surface was divided into five belts of illumination, the boundaries of which are the tropics and polar circles:

  1. Hot Light Belt;
  2. Two moderate zones of illumination;
  3. Two cold zones of illumination.

The reason for the formation of these belts is the inclination of the axis of rotation of the planet to the orbital plane, as well as the movement of the Earth around the Sun.

Definition 1

Illumination Belt- This is a part of the Earth's surface, bounded by the tropics and polar circles with their own lighting conditions. Illumination is the flux of sunlight falling on a unit of surface.

The belts differ from each other in the height of the noon Sun above the horizon, in the length of the day and in thermal conditions. Once a year ($ 22 in June and $ 22 in December), the sun's rays fall steeply in the North and South Tropics. The polar day and the polar night also happen once a year ($ 22 in December and $ 22 in June), which is typical for the Arctic and Southern Polar Circle. Illumination belts are characterized by different air temperatures and different natural conditions.

Hot Belt of Illumination

This belt covers $ 2/5 $ or about $ 40 \% $ of the Earth's surface and is located between the North and South tropics. The sun in this belt is always high above the horizon, so the surface warms up very well. There is no difference between summer and winter temperatures, and there are no thermal seasons. The average annual air temperature is $ + 25 $ degrees. The length of daylight hours and the length of the night are approximately the same and amount to $ 12 per hour. There is no twilight. The sun is twice a year at its zenith - in the Northern and Southern tropics. The boundaries of the hot zone coincide with the boundaries of the distribution of palm trees on land and corals in the ocean. The territory of this belt is called "hot", because it receives the largest amount of heat throughout the year.

Moderate light belts

There are two of these light belts on Earth - one in the Northern Hemisphere, the other in the Southern Hemisphere. Both of them adjoin the hot zone and are located between the polar circles and the tropics. In contrast to the hot belt of illumination, the sun's rays here fall on the Earth's surface already at a certain tilt. To the north, this tilt will increase, which means that the Earth's surface is warming up less and temperatures will be lower. In temperate zones of illumination, the Sun is never at its zenith. The seasons are clearly defined here. As we approach the Arctic Circle, winter becomes long and cold; as we approach the tropic, summer becomes warmer and longer. From the side of the poles, the moderate belts of illumination are limited by the $ + 10 $ degrees isotherm. This is the border of the spread of forests. More than half of the earth's surface is in the moderate zones of illumination. In summer, near the polar circles, there is such a phenomenon as white nights, which can be observed in northern cities located at the latitude of St. Petersburg. In summer, the length of the day, depending on the geographic latitude, is much longer than the length of the night. In winter, the length of the night increases.

Cold belts of illumination

One cold belt of illumination is located in the Northern Hemisphere, the other in the Southern Hemisphere. They occupy only $ 8 \% $ of the territory and are located inside the polar circles. The conditions for the distribution of solar heat and light in these lighting belts are the most interesting. The sun in winter is not shown at all because of the horizon, the polar night sets in. In the summer period, the Sun does not have time to hide behind the horizon, so a polar day is observed. Towards the poles, the duration of polar days and nights increases and reaches six months. Winters are cold and harsh, while summers are cool and short. Even in summer, the angle of incidence of the sun's rays is very small, so the surface heats up weakly. During the polar night, the influx of heat is completely absent and strong cooling occurs. The North and South Poles are the kingdoms of eternal ice.

Definition 2

Polar day- this is the period during which the Sun at high latitudes does not descend beyond the horizon around the clock.

Closer to the pole, the duration of the polar day increases and reaches $ 189 $ days at the North Pole, at the South Pole, due to the unequal speed of the Earth's motion, the duration is somewhat shorter. On the parallel of $ 68 $ degrees - this is the polar circle - a day lasts about $ 40 $ a day.

Definition 3

polar night- This is the period during which the Sun does not rise above the horizon at high latitudes.

This phenomenon is opposite to the polar day and is also observed in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The polar night is in fact always shorter than the polar day. Dividing the planet into such large light belts does not satisfy practical needs. Determining the height of the Sun and the length of daylight hours is quite simple. Let's look at an example.

In St. Petersburg, for example, whose latitude is $ 60 degrees at noon, $ 21 in March and $ 23 in September, the Sun will be at an altitude of $ 90-60 = $ 30 degrees. When the Sun is in the tropics, its height at noon will increase by $ 23 $ degrees $ 27 $ minutes. Then the length of the day in St. Petersburg $ 21 $ in June will be $ 90-60 + 23.27 = $ 53 degrees $ 27 $ minutes, which is $ 18.5 hours. In winter, the Sun moves to the Southern Hemisphere, its height naturally decreases and reaches its minimum mark on the days of the solstices. In this case, it decreases by $ 23.27 degrees. For St. Petersburg, $ 22 December, the Sun will be at an altitude of $ 90-60-23.27 = $ 6.33 degrees. The duration of daylight hours at such an altitude of the Sun will be only $ 5.5 $ hours.

Of all the zones of illumination that exist on Earth, the most comfortable conditions for humans are noted in temperate zones closer to hot ones. Cold belts are of little use for life. There is an excess of energy in hot zones.

Illumination of the Earth's surface and health

Daylight plays a very important role in people's lives. It not only provides visual perception, but also affects the basic life processes, regulating metabolism and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Nature established the rhythm of life by the alternation of day and night. Natural light, as shown by numerous experiments, is an element of time in a person's internal clock. The atmosphere created by lighting affects people's mood and their performance.

Seasons... The Earth makes a complete revolution around the Sun in 365 days and 6 hours. For convenience, it is generally accepted that there are 365 days in a year. And every four years, when the extra 24 hours "accumulate", a leap year begins, in which not 365, but 366 days (29 - in February).

In September, when you come back to school after the summer break, autumn comes. The days are getting shorter and the nights are longer and cooler. In a month or two, the leaves will fall from the trees, fly away migratory birds, the first snowflakes will whirl in the air. In December, when the snow covers the ground with a white shroud, winter will come. The shortest days of the year will come. Sunrise at this time is late and early sunset.

In March, when spring comes, the days lengthen, the sun shines brighter, the air becomes warmer, and streams begin to murmur all around. Nature comes to life again, and soon the long-awaited summer begins.

So it was and will always be from year to year. Have you ever wondered why the seasons change?

Geographic Implications of Earth Movement... You already know that the Earth has two main motions: it rotates on its axis and revolves in an orbit around the Sun. In this case, the earth's axis is inclined to the orbital plane by 66.5 °. The movement of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis determine the change of seasons and the length of the day and night on our planet.

Twice a year - in spring and autumn - there come days when on the whole Earth the length of the day is equal to the longitude of the night - 12 hours. The vernal equinox occurs on March 21-22, and the autumn equinox is on September 22-23. At the equator, day is always equal to night.

The longest day and shortest night on Earth occurs in the Northern Hemisphere on June 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere on December 22. These are the days of the summer solstice.

After June 22, due to the movement of the Earth in orbit, in the Northern Hemisphere, the height of the Sun above the horizon gradually decreases, the days become shorter and the nights are longer. And in the Southern Hemisphere, the Sun rises above the horizon and daylight hours increase. The Southern Hemisphere receives more and more solar heat, and the Northern - less and less.

The shortest day in the Northern Hemisphere is December 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere - June 22. This is the day of the winter solstice.

At the equator, the angle of incidence of sunlight on the earth's surface and the length of the day change little, so it is almost impossible to notice the change of seasons there.

On some features of the movement of our planet... There are two parallels on Earth, on which the Sun at noon on the summer and winter solstices is at its zenith, that is, it stands directly above the observer's head. Such parallels are called the tropics. In the Northern Tropics (23.5 ° N), the sun is at its zenith on June 22, in the Southern Tropic (23.5 ° S) - on December 22.

Parallels located at 66.5 ° north and south latitude are called polar circles. They are considered the boundaries of territories where polar days and polar nights are observed. A polar day is a period when the Sun does not sink below the horizon. The closer from the Arctic circle to the pole, the longer the polar day. At the latitude of the Arctic Circle, it lasts only one day, and at the Pole - 189 days. In the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, the polar day begins on June 22 - the day of the summer solstice, and in the South - on December 22. The duration of the polar night ranges from one day (at the latitude of the polar circles) to 176 (at the poles). All this time the Sun does not appear above the horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere, this natural phenomenon begins on December 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere - on June 22.

1. The annual motion of the Earth around the Sun. 2. Our planet is in this position on the days of the summer and winter solstices. 3. Light belts of the Earth.

It is impossible not to note that wonderful period at the beginning of summer, when the evening dawn converges with the morning and twilight lasts all night - the white nights. They are observed in both hemispheres at latitudes exceeding 60 °, when the Sun at midnight drops below the horizon by no more than 7 °. In St. Petersburg (about 60 ° N), white nights continue from June 11 to July 2, and in Arkhangelsk (64 ° N) - from May 13 to July 30.

Illumination belts... The consequence of the annual movement of the Earth and its daily rotation is the uneven distribution of sunlight and heat over the earth's surface. Therefore, there are belts of illumination on Earth.

    Between the North and South tropics, on either side of the equator, lies a tropical illumination belt. It occupies 40% of the earth's surface, which accounts for the largest amount of sunlight. Between the tropics and the polar circles in the southern and northern hemispheres, there are temperate zones of illumination, which receive less sunlight than the tropical zone. From the Arctic Circle to the Pole, there are polar belts in each hemisphere. This part of the earth's surface receives the least amount of sunlight. Unlike other belts of illumination, only here there are polar days and nights.

    Questions and tasks

    1. Explain how the seasons change on Earth. What are the seasons in your area?
    2. Determine from the geographical map in which light zones the territory of our country is located.
    3. Write out from the textbook all the consequences of the rotation of the Earth around its axis.

Goals:

  • Form an idea of ​​the reasons for the change of seasons of the year.
  • Explain the features of uneven heating of the earth's surface.

Obor hoping:

  • tellurium;
  • globes (for each school desk);
  • multimedia projector(slide presentation by sections of the lesson);
  • textbook "Planet Earth" ed. A. Lobzhanidze, Publishing House "Education", 2006;
  • atlas “Planet Earth” (“Sphere” series) p.2-3.

During the classes

I. Organizing time(introductory word of the teacher).

II. Check - a summary of the material learned from past lessons.

Task number 1:"Parade of planets". On the table are cards with the names of the planets and the Sun ("Closed" side).
10 students come to the table, take cards, open them and arrange them in order. Each student recalls one particular feature of “their” planet.

Task number 2: During the first task, one student writes down “Our space address” on the board (Universe - Milky Way - Solar system - Planet Earth, etc.)

Generalization. Evaluation of results.

III. Learning new material.

You know that the Earth is spinning. How? (around its axis). For how much a complete revolution? (in 24 hours).

Imagine that the Earth has stopped and does not rotate around its axis. What are the consequences of the disappearance of rotation? (The countdown will disappear. There will be no change of day and night. On the illuminated side, the temperature will be above 100 degrees, and on the “dark” side, frost will be raging. hurricanes, floods, and maybe earthquakes, the strength of which will be incredible)

Besides rotation around its axis, does the Earth still move in any way? (around the sun)
- How long does it take for the Earth to complete one circle in its orbit? Find the exact answer on page 43 of the tutorial. (365 days, 9 minutes, 9 seconds)
- One extra day is accumulated in 4 years. Such a year is called a leap year.

Consider the position of the Earth to the plane of its rotation around the Sun (picture number 1 on the board)

Showcase using tellurium

1) The rotation of the earth around the sun.

Does the axis change its position? (Not)
- Is the angle at which sunlight falls the same for the seasons? (Not)

Telluria has specific days marked, one for each season. What months do they fall in? (March, June, September, December)
- These days were not chosen by chance. It is during these days that the Earth occupies a unique position in relation to the Sun.

Demonstration in telluria with stops on marked days.

Now write in your notebook the days marked on the slide. Appendix 1 (Slide No. 4)

22.XII - the day of the winter solstice (longest night and shortest day)
21.III - the day of the vernal equinox (day = night).Annex 1 (Slide number 5)
22.VI - the day of the summer solstice (longest day and shortest night)Appendix 1 (Slide No. 4)

23.IX - the day of the autumnal equinox (day = night) Appendix 1 (Slide No. 5)

Diagram on chalkboard

Take a look at the slide. Is the North Polar Region of the Earth illuminated on June 22? (Yes)
- What is the name of this time? (Polar day)
- And in the other hemisphere, in the south polar region? (Polar night)
- This is what the polar night looks like. Appendix 1 (Slide number 6)
- And so - the polar day. Annex 1 (Slide number 7)

Generalization:

What happens on Earth as a result of the Earth's orbital rotation? (Change of seasons)
- Besides, what else does the Earth's orbital motion affect? (For the duration of the day and night)
- It's November. What special day awaits us in December? (Winter solstice)
- How will the Sun be located above the horizon? (Low)

And then it will start to rise again!

Working with the globe

There are lines on the globe in front of you, which are marked with a dotted line. Name them. (Northern and southern tropics, northern and southern polar circles)
- Are these parallels or meridians? (Parallels)
- Let's write it down in a notebook. Polar circles (66.5 N, 66.5 S) Tropics - parallels, where twice a year the Sun is at its zenith (23.5 N, 23.5 S)Annex 1 ( Slide number 8)
- These lines divide our planet into heat zones. Appendix 1 (Slide number 9)
- How many heat zones can you identify? (5) ... Name them.
- What heat zone do we live in? (In northern temperate)

Conclusion.

The earth rotates not only around its axis and around the sun. She still participates in the galactic movement. Appendix 1 (Slide No. 10)
- In the textbook on page 45, find the time of one revolution of the Earth together with the Solar system around the center of the Galaxy. (220 million years)
- What is the rotation speed? (250 km / s)
- But that's not all! Together with our Galaxy, the Earth participates in intergalactic movement. Appendix 1 (Slide number 11)

Generalization: - So, together with the Earth we rotate? .. (Around the axis, around the Sun, around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy and we participate in intergalactic movement)

D / z: pp. 42-45. Highlight the polar circles and tropics on the c / c.

TOPIC: EARTH'S AXIAL ROTATION

PURPOSE: 1. To acquaint students with the concepts of geographic poles on Earth. 2. Units of time. 3. Geographic consequences of the axial rotation of the Earth.

REMEMBER: 1. Is the rotation of the Earth noticeable for a person? 2. How many hours are there in a day?

STUDYING NEW MATERIAL

TWO BASIC TYPES OF EARTH MOTION: 1. Rotation around its axis 2. Rotation around the Sun in its orbit.

ROTATION OF THE EARTH AROUND ITS AXIS The axis is inclined to the orbital plane - 66.5 Constantly directed to the North Star The points of intersection of the imaginary earth's axis with the Earth's surface are called geographic poles

GEOGRAPHICAL POLE TWO - In the central part of the Arctic Ocean In Antarctica

AXIAL ROTATION The earth rotates around its axis counterclockwise, i.e. from west to east. The Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis in a day.

DAYS IS A NATURAL, NATURAL-GIVEN BASIC UNIT OF TIME MEASUREMENT. A day is divided into 24 hours, an hour - 60 minutes, a minute - 60 seconds. The faster the planet rotates around its own axis, the shorter the day, the slower - the longer. Uranus rotates on its axis for 12 hours On Venus, a day lasts 243 Earth days, or 5832 Earth hours

THE EARTH'S AXIAL ROTATION HAS GEOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS. 1. Rotation around the axis affects the shape of the planet. The earth is slightly flattened at the poles. 2. Due to the rotation of the Earth, all bodies moving on its surface deviate in the Northern Hemisphere to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. In rivers, due to the deflecting force, the water is pressed against one of the banks, therefore, the right bank of the rivers of the Northern Hemisphere is steep, and in the South - the left. Deviation affects the direction of winds, ocean currents.

3. Due to the rotation of the Earth, there is a change of day and night. This causes heating and cooling of the surface. With daily change, many natural processes change. Living organisms are adapted to the daily rhythm.

IF THE EARTH WAS STOPPED TO ROTATE AROUND ITS AXIS AND AROUND THE SUN, THEN The temperature on the sunny side would reach +100 degrees and all the water would evaporate The kingdom of eternal cold, where earth moisture would accumulate in the form of an ice cap

FIXING THE STUDYED MATERIAL 1. Name two main types of motion of the Earth. 2. In which direction does the Earth rotate around its axis? 3. What are the consequences of the Earth's rotation around its axis? 4. Why is the Earth not a perfect ball? 5. How does the change of day and night affect living organisms?

D / Z paragraph 9.

Used literature: 1. Textbook by V. Dronov, L.Ye. Savelyeva GEOGRAPHY. Geography M. Drofa. 2016 Geography teacher at MBOU "Mendyukinskaya Sednyaya School". Strokina I.S.

With the help of this video tutorial, you can independently study the topic "The distribution of sunlight and heat". First, discuss what determines the change of seasons, study the diagram of the annual rotation of the Earth around the Sun by drawing Special attention on the four most notable sun-illuminated dates. Then you will find out what determines the distribution of sunlight and heat on the planet and why it is uneven.

Rice. 2. Illumination of the Earth by the Sun ()

In winter, the southern hemisphere of the Earth is better illuminated, in summer - the northern one.

Rice. 3. Scheme of the annual rotation of the Earth around the Sun

Solstice (summer solstice and winter solstice) - moments when the Sun's height above the horizon at noon is highest (summer solstice, June 22) or lowest (winter solstice, December 22). In the southern hemisphere, the opposite is true. On June 22, the greatest illumination by the Sun is observed in the Northern Hemisphere, the day is longer than the night, a polar day is observed beyond the polar circles. In the southern hemisphere, again, the opposite is true (i.e. all this is typical for December 22).

Polar Circles (Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle) - parallels, respectively, with latitude north and south about 66.5 degrees. North of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle, there is a polar day (in summer) and a polar night (in winter). The area from the Arctic Circle to the Pole in both hemispheres is called the Arctic Circle. Polar day - a period when the Sun at high latitudes does not descend beyond the horizon around the clock.

polar night - the period when the Sun at high latitudes does not rise above the horizon around the clock - a phenomenon opposite to the polar day is observed simultaneously with it at the corresponding latitudes of the other hemisphere.

Rice. 4. Scheme of the illumination of the Earth by the Sun by zones ()

Equinox (vernal equinox and autumnal equinox) - moments when the sun's rays touch both poles and fall vertically at the equator. The spring equinox occurs on March 21st, and the autumnal equinox on September 23rd. These days both hemispheres are lit the same, day is equal to night,

The main reason for the change in air temperature is a change in the angle of incidence of sunlight: the more vertically they fall on the earth's surface, the better they warm it up.

Rice. 5. The angles of incidence of the sun's rays (at the position of the Sun 2, the rays warm up the earth's surface better than at position 1) ()

On June 22, the sun's rays fall most steeply on the northern hemisphere of the Earth, thereby warming it up to the greatest extent.

Tropics - The Northern Tropic and the Southern Tropic are parallels, respectively, with the north and south latitudes of about 23.5 degrees. On one of the solstice days, the Sun at noon is above them at its zenith.

The tropics and polar circles divide the Earth into light belts. Illumination belts - parts of the Earth's surface bounded by the tropics and polar circles and differing in lighting conditions. The warmest zone of illumination is tropical, the coldest is the polar one.

Rice. 6. Light belts of the Earth ()

The sun is the main luminary, on the position of which the weather on our planet depends. The moon and other cosmic bodies have an indirect effect.

Salekhard is located on the line of the Arctic Circle. An obelisk to the Arctic Circle has been erected in this city.

Rice. 7. Obelisk to the Arctic Circle ()

Cities where you can watch the polar night: Murmansk, Norilsk, Monchegorsk, Vorkuta, Severomorsk, etc.

Homework

Clause 44.

1. Name the days of the solstice and the days of the equinox.

Bibliography

The main

1. An initial course in geography: textbook. for 6 cl. general education. institutions / T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova. - 10th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2010 .-- 176 p.

2. Geography. 6th grade: atlas. - 3rd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard; DIK, 2011 .-- 32 p.

3. Geography. 6th grade: atlas. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, DIK, 2013 .-- 32 p.

4. Geography. 6 cl .: cont. maps: M .: DIK, Bustard, 2012 .-- 16 p.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical compilations

1. Geography. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin. - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006 .-- 624 p.

Literature for preparing for the State Examination and the Unified State Exam

1. Geography: Initial course: Tests. Textbook. manual for students of 6 cl. - M .: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2011 .-- 144 p.

2. Tests. Geography. 6-10 grades: Study guide / A.A. Letyagin. - M .: OOO "Agency" KRPA "Olymp": "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - 284 p.

1.Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Russian Geographical Society ().

3.Geografia.ru ().

Class: 5

Thing: geography (UMK - Letyagin A.A.)

Lesson type: combined

The purpose of the lesson:

Lesson Objectives:

2. Consider the features of the Earth's daily rotation, its geographic consequences

During the classes:

The bell rang merry.

Are you ready to start your lesson?

We will listen, reason

And help each other!

Yesterday everyone called me tomorrow
And tomorrow they will say yesterday.
That's my whole mystery

Began to approach -

Stole the sun from the sky. (Night)

One after another in succession
Brother and sister are walking around peacefully.
Brother wakes up all the people,
And the sister, on the contrary, -

The teacher includes a presentation, which contains pictures, animations of the Earth's rotation around its axis and questions to them.

What are the tropics?

Show the tropics on a globe.

What is the Equator?

Show the equator on the globe.

Explanation of the teacher:

The higher the Sun is above the horizon, the more solar heat and light is received by the Earth's surface. Our planet is in a constant stream of almost parallel solar rays. The angle of their incidence on the Earth's surface at the same time is different and depends on the position of a particular place in relation to

to the geographic poles (see fig. 10 page 25)

In what zone of illumination is our area located?

(Student story)

Physical education

I will clarify that the Earth makes a full revolution in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds, this is a sidereal day. And modern scientists call the shape of the Earth a geoid.

Examination.

Coriolis forces.G. Coriolis (1792-1843)

Primary anchoring: test (2-3 minutes) and slide self-test.

Reflection

What was the goal for the lesson?

Homework

Curious: write a mini-essay "If the Earth did not rotate ..."

    Riddles about the time and seasons [ Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://riddle.su/zagadki_pro_vremena_goda.html, free. Title from the screen.

    Change of day and night [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEkj0q2IVfg, free. Title from the screen.


"Worksheet"

F.I. ________________________________________________Date:_______________

Lesson topic: _____________________________________________________________

Target:___________________________________________________________________

Learning new material

(p. 25, fig. 11) 1 ._______________________________________________________________________ 2 ._______________________________________________________________________ 3 ._______________________________________________________________________

(work in groups p. 24-25)

Characteristic

Equatorial, Moderate, Polar

(Underline whatever applicable)

1.Where is located

2. State of the sun

3. Temperature conditions

Questions about the video:

1. In what direction does the Earth rotate? ______________________________________

2. In which direction does the sun rise and set? ______________________________________

3. What two points remain stationary when the earth rotates? ____________________________

4. What imaginary line do these points form? _______________________________________

5. How does the change of day and night occur? _____________________________________________________

6. What is one revolution of the Earth around its axis? ________________________________________

7. What is the longitude of the day? ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(work in pairs p. 26):

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Anchoring:

A) In polar;

B) In moderate;

C) In the tropical.

3. The main geographic consequence of the axial rotation of the earth is:

A) Change of seasons;

B) Change of day and night;

C) Change natural areas.

A) Change of seasons;

B) Change of day and night;

D) Coriolis force arises.

5. Choose the correct statements:

View document content
"Technological map of the lesson The daily rotation of the Earth"

Technological lesson map

Class: 5

Thing: geography

Topic: Daily rotation Of the earth

Lesson type: combined

The purpose of the lesson: organize the activities of students for the perception and acquaintance with the peculiarities of the daily rotation of the earth, with the belts of illumination.

Lesson Objectives: 1. To acquaint students with the light belts and their characteristics;

2. Consider the features of the Earth's daily rotation, its geographic consequences.

Planned learning outcomes

Subject

Metasubject

Personal

1. Formation of ideas about the movements of the Earth and their consequences;

2. Mastering the basic skills of finding and using geographic information;

3. Formation of skills and abilities to use geographical knowledge about the movement of the Earth in Everyday life

Cognitive UUD: independently highlight and formulate a topic, goals; consciously and arbitrarily build a speech utterance in oral and writing forms; identify basic and secondary information;

Regulatory UUD:

to establish educational tasks on the basis of what is already known to students, to highlight what has already been mastered and what else is subject to assimilation, to assess the quality and level of assimilation;

Communicative UUD : and peers; possession of monologue and dialogical forms of speech in accordance with the grammatical and syntactic norms of the native language

1. Formation of cognitive and informational culture, including the development of skills for independent work with schemes;

2. Formation of tolerance as a norm of a conscious and benevolent attitude towards another person, his opinion, worldview;

3. Mastering social norms and rules of conduct in groups.

Lesson plan

lesson stages / stage task

teacher activity

student activities

formed by UUD

Organizational

moment(motivation to educational activity)

Stage objective: to interest and tune students to the lesson

Welcomes students and guests to the class.

The bell rang merry.

Are you ready to start your lesson?

We will listen, reason

And help each other!

Guests are welcomed.

Listen to the teacher.

Friendly attitude towards each other.

Updating knowledge.

Stage objective: to interest in the topic of the lesson, to determine the goals and further tasks of the lesson

Offers to guess riddles and express an opinion about what the topic of the lesson will be:

Yesterday everyone called me tomorrow
And tomorrow they will say yesterday.
That's my whole mystery
It's time to name me (Day)

Began to approach -

Stole the sun from the sky. (Night)

One after another in succession
Brother and sister are walking around peacefully.
Brother wakes up all the people,
And the sister, on the contrary, -
Immediately calls to sleep. (Day and night)

The teacher includes a presentation with pictures, animations of the Earth's rotation around its axis and questions to them.

So what are we going to talk about today?

Why is there a change of day and night?

Guys, define the topic and objectives of the lesson.

And what will we do in the lesson to achieve our goals.

Guess riddles.

Watching a presentation.

Determine the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Write down the topic and objectives of the lesson. (everyone sets a goal for himself)

Answer the teacher's questions (working with a textbook, additional literature, viewing a presentation)

Interact with the teacher.

They control the correctness of the answers of peers.

Listen to the interlocutor.

Make guesses about the topic of the lesson.

Build statements that are understandable for the interlocutor.

To independently highlight and formulate the goals of the lesson.

The main stage

The task of the stage: to acquaint with the light belts, their characteristics, to consider the peculiarities of the Earth's rotation around its axis.

Let's remember what we already know:

What are the tropics?

Show the tropics on a globe.

What are geographic poles?

Show the poles on the globe, how many there are.

What is the Equator?

Show the equator on the globe.

What days are very important for our planet?

Why are the seasons changing?

Explanation of the teacher:

We know that the earth makes both an annual movement in its orbit around the sun and a daily movement around its axis. At what angle is the Earth's axis tilted to the orbital plane?

The position of the Earth in the circumsolar orbit and the constancy of the inclination of the Earth's axis lead to the fact that the height of the Sun above the horizon changes.

The higher the Sun is above the horizon, the more solar heat and light is received by the Earth's surface. Our planet is in a constant stream of almost parallel solar rays. The angle of their incidence on the Earth's surface at the same time is different and depends on the position of a particular place in relation to the geographic poles (see Fig. 10 page 25)

Depending on the illumination, illumination belts are distinguished, bounded by the tropics and polar circles.

Write down the name of the illumination belts using Figure 11 on page 25.

How many light belts do scientists identify? List them ...

Now we will work in groups. Each group will characterize one belt according to the plan. Time 3 minutes. Let's remember the rules for working in groups ...

The work is checked using a slide on the screen.

In what light zone is the Belgorod region located?

And in what light zone is the capital of our country located?

Guys, what is polar day and night? In what zone of illumination do these phenomena occur? What do you know about them? In the text of the textbook, what is written about them? There is very little information in textbooks, practically none. Your classmate has prepared a message about polar day and night.

Physical education

The teacher offers to watch the video plot and answer a number of questions:

1. In what direction does the Earth rotate?

2. In which direction does the sunrise and sunset occur?

3. What two points remain motionless when the earth rotates?

4. What imaginary line do these points form?

5. How does day and night change?

6. What is one revolution of the Earth around its axis?

7. What is called the longitude of the day?

I will clarify that the Earth makes a full revolution in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds, this is a sidereal day.

The axial rotation of the Earth has several geographic implications. And which ones you will learn by working with the text of the textbook on page 26 and this is a task for working in pairs.

Examination.

Another of the most important consequences of axial rotation is the formation of a rotational force -Coriolis forces.In the XIX century. it was first calculated by a French scientist in the field of mechanicsG. Coriolis (1792-1843) ... This is one of the inertial forces introduced to take into account the influence of the rotation of a moving frame of reference on the relative motion of a material point. Its effect can be briefly expressed as follows: every moving body in the Northern Hemisphere deviates to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero.

Answers questions.

The tropics, equator, geographic poles are shown on the globe.

Listen to the teacher.

Answer questions

Listen to the teacher.

Answer questions

They work individually with the text of the textbook, write out the names of the light belts.

Repeat the rules for working in groups. Get assignments.

They work in groups.

Read the text, choose necessary information and fill in the table ( Annex 1)

If desired, read out the completed task. Listen to peers, control responses.

Answers questions.

Listen to the teacher

Answers questions.

Listen to the teacher

Listen to the message.

Exercise eye exercises.

Students carefully review the material, and then give answers to questions.

1. The rotation of the Earth occurs from west to east.

2. Sunrise in the east; sunset - in the west.

3. The fixed points are the North and South Poles.

4. The imaginary line is called the Earth's axis.

5. When the Earth rotates around its axis, the sun's rays illuminate the part that is turned towards it.

6. One revolution around the axis is equal to 24 hours, i.e. days.

7. The interval between sunrise and sunset is called the length of the day.

Work in pairs from page 26.

The completed task is read out at will.

The teachers are listening, making notes in the notebook.

Listen to the interlocutor.

They control the correctness of the answers of peers and the correctness of the display on the globe.

Listen to the interlocutor

Planning a learning collaboration with a teacher

Search for the information you need on the picture from the textbook.

Planning educational collaboration with peers; possession of monologue and dialogical forms of speech in accordance with the grammatical and syntactic norms of the native language .

Search and highlight the necessary information, determine the main and secondary information;

proactive cooperation in the search and collection of information

Planning a learning collaboration with a teacher

Listen to the interlocutor

Highlight the necessary information from the video, determine the main and secondary information

Planning educational collaboration with a peer; possession of monologue and dialogical forms of speech.

Search and highlight the necessary information, determine the main and secondary information; proactive cooperation in the search and collection of information

Planning a learning collaboration with a teacher

Lesson summary

Stage task: primary consolidation of the passed material

Primary anchoring (Appendix 3)

Perform test tasks.

Self-test using test criteria (Appendix 3)

Accept and save the learning task. Be able to assess yourself correctly.

Reflection of the content of educational material

The task of the stage: identifying the level of awareness of the content of the passed

1. Which of today's material was already familiar to you?

2. What new things have you learned today?

3. What do you think, have you been productive today?

4. How does the rotation of the Earth affect humans?

What was the goal for the lesson?

Did you achieve your goal or not (5-7 people answer)

Answers questions.

Analyze their activities in the classroom.

The goal of the lesson is read and determined whether it has been achieved or not.

Listen to the interlocutor. Build statements that are understandable for the interlocutor.

Analyze your activities in the lesson.

Homework

Stage objective: to set students up for further study of the topic

Write down homework in the diary, asking questions

Accept and save the learning task

Annex 1

Illumination belts and their characteristics (work in groups)

Characteristic

Hot

1. Where is located

2. State of the sun

3. Temperature conditions

Characteristic

Moderate

1. Where is located

2. State of the sun

3. Temperature conditions

Characteristic

Polar

1. Where is located

2. State of the sun

3. Temperature conditions

Appendix 2

Student message

Polar circles are remarkable in that they are the boundaries of areas where there are polar days and nights.

Polar day- the period when the Sun does not descend below the horizon. The further from the Arctic Circle to the pole, the longer the polar day. At the latitude of the Arctic Circle (66.5 °), it lasts only one day, and at the Pole - 189 days. In the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, the polar day is observed on June 22 - the day of the summer solstice, and in the Southern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Southern Arctic Circle - on December 22.

polar night lasts from one day at the latitude of the Arctic Circle to 176 days at the poles. During the polar night, the Sun does not appear above the horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, this phenomenon is observed on December 22.

It is impossible not to note such a wonderful natural phenomenon as the white nights. White Nights- these are bright nights at the beginning of summer, when the evening dawn converges with the morning and twilight lasts all night. They are observed in both hemispheres at latitudes exceeding 60 °, when the center of the Sun at midnight drops below the horizon by no more than 7 °. In St. Petersburg (about 60 ° N), white nights last from June 11 to July 2, in Arkhangelsk (64 ° N) - from May 13 to July 30.

Appendix 3

1. In what zone of illumination does the earth's surface receive direct rays from the midday sun both in winter and in summer?

A) In polar;

B) In moderate;

C) In the tropical.

2.The seasons are changing because

A) The Earth rotates on its axis;

B) the Earth has a spherical shape;

C) The Earth revolves around the Sun.

3. The main geographic consequence of the axial rotation of the Earth is:

A) Change of seasons;

B) Change of day and night;

C) Change of natural zones.

4. Geographic consequences of the Earth's orbital motion:

A) Change of seasons;

B) Change of day and night;

C) Allocation of light belts;

D) Coriolis force arises.

5. Choose the correct statements:

A) In the fall, birds fly to the south, and the snow melts;

B) In winter, a polar day is observed in the polar belt;

C) Winter begins in Antarctica in June;

D) In ​​the polar belt, the sun is low above the horizon;

E) In the equatorial zone, it is cooler in winter than in summer.

Evaluation criteria:

  • 5.C), D), E)

"5" all answers are correct

"4" one or two errors

"3" more than three errors

View presentation content
"Presentation for the lesson of geography The daily rotation of the Earth"

MBOU "Borisov Secondary School No. 1 named after Hero Soviet Union A. M. Rudoy "

Daily rotation Of the earth

MBOU "BSOSH No. 1

named after A.M. Rudy "

Borisovka, 2015



Daily rotation Of the earth




Illumination belts characteristic (group work)

Feature (plan)

1.Where is located

2. State of the Sun

3.Temperature mode


Illumination belts characteristic (group work)

Feature (plan)

Equatorial

1.Where is located

Between the North and South Tropics

2. State of the Sun

The sun is at its zenith twice a year. Differences in the length of day and night are small

3.Temperature mode

It's always hot.


Illumination belts characteristic (group work )

Feature (plan)

Moderate

1.Where is located

Between the tropics and polar circles

2. State of the Sun

The sun is never at its zenith

3.Temperature mode

There are four seasons. Temperatures vary a lot with the seasons


Illumination belts characteristic (group work)

Feature (plan)

Polar

1.Where is located

Between the poles and polar circles

2. State of the Sun

The polar day and polar night stand out

3.Temperature mode

It's cold all year round



Questions for the video:

  • 1. In what direction does the Earth rotate?
  • 2. In which direction does the sunrise and sunset occur?
  • 3. What two points remain motionless when the earth rotates?
  • 4. What imaginary line do these points form?
  • 5. How does day and night change?
  • 6. What is one revolution of the Earth around its axis?
  • 7. What is called the longitude of the day?

Geographic Implications of the Earth's Axial Rotation (work in pairs p. 26)


Geographic Implications of the Earth's Axial Rotation (work in pairs p. 26)

  • The change of night and day;
  • Heating and cooling of the Earth during the day;
  • Daily rhythm of natural processes;
  • A certain shape of the Earth (flattened from the poles);
  • Coriolis force arises





Test Evaluation Criteria:

  • 1. B)
  • 2.C)
  • 3. B)
  • 4. A), B)
  • 5.C), D), E)

"5" all answers are correct

"4" one or two errors

"3" more than three errors


Homework

Curious: write a mini essay

"If the Earth did not rotate ..."


  • Letyagin, A.A. Geography. Initial course: Grade 5 [Text]: textbook for students educational institutions/ A.A. Letyagin; under the general ed. V.P. Dronov. - M .: Ventana - Graf, 2012 .-- 160s.: Ill.
  • Riddles about the time and seasons [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://riddle.su/zagadki_pro_vremena_goda.html, free. Title from the screen.
  • Change of day and night [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEkj0q2IVfg, free. Title from the screen.

 

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