Presentation on the MHC Egyptian pyramids. Pyramids in Egypt. One hieroglyph could mean as a separate







Sphinxes

The Great Pyramids are part of the vast necropolis of Giza. Next to them are several small pyramids, where the wives of the pharaohs, the tombs of priests and high officials are buried. Burial temples and the Great Sphinx are located at the foot of the Giza plateau.



Feature of the structure of the pyramids

Each of the great pyramids also had a triune complex: the lower burial temple - the road - the upper burial temple. But this complex has survived in a more or less integral form only at the pyramid of Khafre. The stone-paved road from the lower temple, where the embalming was carried out, to the upper one, where they said goodbye to the pharaoh before the burial, stretched for more than half a kilometer. Near the lower granite temple, devoid of a roof, lie the ruins of the Sphinx temple. And behind them, the ancient keeper of the pyramids, the Great Sphinx, turned his gaze to the east. The Sphinx, a resting lion with the head of a man (Mamluk soldiers shot off his nose), is the largest monolithic sculpture. Its length is 73 meters, height is 20 meters. It is believed that the sphinx was cut down during the construction of the pyramid of Khafre, and its face bears the features of that pharaoh.



Construction

pyramids





The mystery of the pyramid shapes

In ancient times, earthlings knew about the influence of architectural forms on humans and viewed architecture not only as a creation of form, but also as a kind of sacred entity. Today, scientists have found that the most beneficial effect is provided by structures with gabled roofs. Various religious buildings have a kind of pyramidal effect: Christian churches, cathedrals, Buddhist temples, mosques ... Bioenergy specialists argue that an environmentally friendly and energetically strong field is created around such structures.

For the first time, the pyramid effect was discovered while studying the Egyptian pyramids, the mystery of the origin and purpose of which for humanity remains unsolved. However, it has been proven that the pyramids have a strong energetic effect that affects all living things and even inanimate objects.


The Egyptian pyramids are one of the wonders of the world, and it is not surprising, because the idea that people armed only with simple mechanical devices built similar masses that continue to delight us, although thousands of years have passed since their creation. Looking at these marvelous monuments of the era, one gets the impression that time bypasses them, or maybe it was the magic of the sphinx that stopped him, glorifying the greatness of the pharaoh. Mysticism and reality, myths and facts are so tightly intertwined on the stone steps of these silent giants that you begin to believe in myths and doubt the facts.

The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt, among which one of the "seven wonders of the world" is the pyramid of Cheops and an honorary candidate for the "new seven wonders of the world" of the Pyramid of Giza. The pyramids are huge pyramidal stone structures that were used as tombs for the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. The Greek word "pyramid" means polyhedron. According to some researchers, a large pile of wheat became the prototype of the pyramid. According to other scientists, this word comes from the name of the pyramidal funeral cake. A total of 118 pyramids were discovered in Egypt (as of November 2008).


The largest is the Cheops pyramid. Initially, its height was 146.6 m, but due to the fact that now there is no facing of the pyramid, its height has now decreased to 138.8 m. The length of the side of the pyramid is 230 m. The construction of the pyramid dates back to the XXVI century BC. NS. Presumably, the construction took over 20 years.


The pyramid is composed of 2.5 million stone blocks; no cement or other binders were used. On average, the blocks weighed 2.5 tons, but the Tsar's Chamber has granite blocks weighing up to 80 tons. The pyramid is practically a monolithic structure, with the exception of a few chambers and corridors leading to them.




The Giza pyramid complex is located on the Giza plateau in the suburbs of Cairo, Egypt. This complex of ancient monuments is located about 8 km towards the center of the desert from the old city of Giza on the Nile River, about 25 km southwest of the center of Cairo. The buildings were created in the Ancient Kingdom of Ancient Egypt during the reign of IV and VI dynasties (XXVIXXIII century BC).

Slide 1

Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt. When mentioning the Egyptian pyramids, as a rule, they mean the Great Pyramids, located at Giza, near Cairo. The largest of them is the pyramid of Cheops, the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty. This pyramid is still the largest architectural creation of human hands. At the base, it is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height during construction is 146.6 meters, and now the pyramid is 9 meters lower: the top stones fell during earthquakes.

Slide 2

The Pyramid of Cheops

Even in antiquity, the pyramids of Giza were considered one of the seven "wonders of the world." But even today they are capable of hitting anyone. The largest of them is the pyramid of Cheops, the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty. This pyramid is still the largest architectural creation of human hands. At the base, it is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height during construction is 146.6 meters, and now the pyramid is 9 meters lower: the top stones fell during earthquakes. The construction of the pyramid (and it was completed around 2590 BC) took 2.3 million stone blocks weighing two and a half tons each. The total volume of the pyramid is 2.34 million cubic meters. The faces of the pyramid are oriented to the cardinal points, and their angle to the base is 51o52 ". The entrance is on the north side. Individual blocks, according to the Arab historian Abdel Latif (XII century), are so precisely fitted to each other that it is impossible to push between them There are no inscriptions or decorations inside the pyramid of Cheops. There are three burial chambers. The burial chamber of the pharaoh is a room about 11 meters long, five meters wide and almost six meters high. The walls of the tomb are decorated with granite slabs. The sarcophagus of red granite is empty. . Neither the mummy of the pharaoh, nor the funerary utensils were found. It is believed that the pyramid was plundered in ancient times. On the southern side of the pyramid there is a structure shaped like a ship. This so-called Solar boat is one of five on which Cheops was supposed to in 1954, a boat 43.6 m long, disassembled into 1224 parts, was discovered during excavations. built of cedar without a single nail and, as evidenced by the traces of silt preserved on it, before the death of Cheops, she still swam along the Nile.

Slide 3

"Horizon Khufu" - this is the name of the Cheops pyramid.

Slide 4

Pyramid of Khafre

The second largest pyramid of Giza belongs to Pharaoh Khafren. It was built 40 years later than the first one. Sometimes it seems that the pyramid of Chephren is even larger than Cheops. In fact, it is slightly smaller. The side of the square base of the Khafre pyramid is 215 meters. Height - 136 meters. However, in ancient times, like the Cheops pyramid, it was 9 meters higher. The angle of inclination is sharper than that of the first pyramid: 53o8 ". The entire complex of structures is more clearly visible here, consisting of a temple in the valley, a road, a temple of the dead and the pyramid itself. The lower temple, in which 25 statues of pharaohs once stood, is known for that here, on the threshold of the kingdom of the dead, Khafre was mummified

Slide 5

Pyramid of Mikerin

The ensemble of the great pyramids of Giza is completed by the pyramid of Mikerin. Its construction was completed in 2505 BC. This pyramid is much smaller than its predecessors. The side of the base is 108 meters, the initial height is 66.5 meters (today it is 62 m), the angle of inclination is 51o. The only burial chamber of the pyramid carved into its rocky base emphasizes the greatness of the pyramids of Cheops and Khafre. The latter are easy to distinguish from each other: at the top of the pyramid of Khafre, a white basalt cladding is partially preserved.

The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt, including one of the "seven wonders of the world" - the pyramid of Cheops and an honorary candidate for the "new seven wonders of the world" - the Pyramids of Giza. The word "pyramid" - Greek, means polyhedron. A total of 118 pyramids were discovered in Egypt (as of November 2008). Pyramids of egypt

The broken pyramid is an Egyptian pyramid in Dakhshur, the construction of which is attributed to Pharaoh Snorf (XXVI century BC). To explain the non-standard shape of the pyramid, the German Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt (1863-1938) proposed his "increment theory". According to her, the king died unexpectedly and the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces was sharply changed from 54 ° 31 "to 43 ° 21" in order to quickly finish the work.

Pink pyramid - at the time of its construction in the XXVI century. BC NS. which is the tallest structure on Earth. In size it is second only to the two Egyptian pyramids at Giza. The name is due to the fact that the limestone blocks, of which the pyramid is built, acquire a pink color in the rays of the setting sun. An entrance via an inclined walkway on the north side descends into three adjoining chambers accessible to the public. This pyramid is attributed to Snefer because his name is inscribed in red paint on several panels of the sheathing.

The step pyramid at Saqqara is the oldest surviving large stone building in the world. Built by the architect Imhotep in Sakkara for the burial of the Egyptian pharaoh Djoser c. 2650 BC NS. The core of the tomb is made of limestone blocks. The size of the pyramid is 125 meters × 115 meters, and the height is 61 meters.

The great pyramids are called the pyramids of the pharaohs Cheops, Khafren and Mikerin located in Giza. Unlike the Djoser pyramid, these pyramids have not a stepped, but a strictly geometric, pyramidal shape. The walls of the pyramids rise at an angle from 51 ° (Menkaur's pyramid) to 53 ° (Khafre's pyramid) to the horizon. The edges are precisely oriented to the cardinal points. The Pyramid of Cheops was built on a massive natural rocky rise, which turned out to be in the very middle of the base of the pyramid. Its height is about 9 m.

The largest is the Cheops pyramid. Initially, its height was 146.6 m, but due to the fact that now there is no facing of the pyramid, its height has now decreased to 138.8 m. The length of the side of the pyramid is 230 m. The construction of the pyramid dates back to the XXVI century BC. NS. Presumably, the construction took over 20 years. The pyramid is composed of 2.5 million stone blocks; no cement or other binders were used. On average, the blocks weighed 2.5 tons. The pyramid is practically a monolithic structure - with the exception of a few chambers and corridors leading to them.

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