Ship command boats. Inquiries from Marines, Divers and Mine Action Specialists

Motor boat Strizh 1390 - Project 1390 commander's crew boat, developed by order of the Navy, combines aesthetics and excellent driving performance.

Despite the low speed of 13 knots, the boat shows good seaworthiness, withstanding waves of 4-5 points. The material for the structural elements was the AMg5 aluminum alloy. The body is assembled according to the transverse scheme with the distance between the frames of 0.45 m.

Watertight bulkheads, installed in the area of \u200b\u200b4 and 8 frames, divide the hull into sealed compartments, ensuring the unsinkability of the vessel. Argon-arc welding is used to connect parts of the structure to each other and to the sheathing sheets.

On "Strizh 1390" there is a wheelhouse with three berths and an open area for passengers. There is a large cargo hold in the bow of the vessel. Remote control of the boat and control of the power plant is carried out from the control station.

Technical characteristics of the boat Strizh:

Photo and video boats Strizh

Large crew boat (Fig. 12.5) - seaworthy decked steel boat with a single-shaft diesel engine of the ZD6S brand, with a cockpit, a raised wheelhouse, a saloon and an open cockpit for passengers. It has proven itself well in operation on large surface ships.

Figure: 12.5. Large crew boat

A large fiberglass crew boat has been developed, approved and put into production (Fig. 12.6). It is distinguished by a more powerful ZD6N engine, higher speed, hull shape and a different arrangement of premises: the salon with a good view is located in front of the cabin; engine compartment - between cockpit and transom. Its unsinkability is ensured when filling any compartment with water.

Figure: 12.6. Large crew boat with water jet

Large work boat (Table 12.2) and the motor boats will be replaced by a new large fiberglass work boat (Figure 12.7). In contrast to the previous designs, the boat has water jet propellers in the bow and stern, powered by diesel engines of the D37E brand. The jet propulsion unit will allow the boat to have high maneuverability, up to the movement of the log.

Table 12.2. Notes: 1. The limiting heel angle at which the minimum buoyancy of the boats is ensured corresponds to the position - the gunwale collar near the midsection touches the sea surface.
2. The diameter of the circulation in the hull lengths of boats is 3-4.

Figure: 12.7. Large work boat with water jet

Small Crew Command Boat (Fig. 12.8) entered service with new ships of the Navy instead of small crew boats (Table 12.2). It is a seagoing boat - a light alloy limousine with a single-shaft diesel engine, with a cabin and an open cockpit for passengers. The hull of the boat is made with a large deadrise and sharp chine contours in the stern. The boat has a bow compartment - forepeak (0-3 sp.). a cabin for passengers with two sofas (4-8 staffs), a cockpit with a hard sofa (8-12 staffs) and an engine compartment (12-16 staffs).

Figure: 12.8. Small crew command boat:
1 - nasal duck; 2 - rail; 3- bale bar; 4, 15 - lifting eyes; 5 - sound signal; 6 - masthead light; 7 - distinctive fire; 8 - storm handrails; 9 - Gall chain; 10 - engine control panel; 11 - steering wheel; 12 - reverse gear handle; 13 - box for spare parts; 14 - cockpit; 16 - engine; 17 - flagpole; 18 - tail light; 19 - stuffing box; 20 - steering wheel; 21 - screw; 22 - bracket; 23 - propeller shaft; 24 - cardan shaft; 25 - reverse gear; 26 - roller drive; 27 - storage battery; 28 - oars; 29 - cabin; 30 - life jackets

The transverse system of the body set is made of light alloy AMG-5V. Spation 450 mm. Sheathing of the outer sides, bottom and transom 4 mm thick; the deck, bulkheads, wheelhouse, cockpit bulwarks and floorboards 3 mm thick are made of sheets of the same alloy. The windows and the entrance door of the cabin are made of organic glass. Impenetrable bulkheads on 3, 8 (up to the lower edge of the door) and 12 frames and side air compartments formed by longitudinal baffles (from 5 sp. To transom) ensure the boat's unsinkability when filling any compartment with water.

Fuel tanks are located in the side partitions of the engine compartment.

The engine of the 6ChSP 9.5 / 11-2 brand is a four-stroke non-reversible diesel engine with an electric starter start and an angular reverse gear. He is provided with spare parts and tools in the box. Sound insulation is used to reduce noise during engine operation.

Shaft is a propeller shaft, a propeller shaft coming out of the body through a stern tube with an oil seal, a bracket with a rubber bearing and a three-blade left-hand propeller with a fairing.

The control panel for the engine is located at the forward bulkhead of the cockpit on the port side. The handle of the reverse gear, the steering wheel and the sound signal switch are brought here. The control panel has a KI-12 magnetic compass and an electrical distribution board that supplies power to the masthead, distinctive and long-side navigation lights, a cabin lamp, a retractable aircraft headlight (located in the right cockpit cabinet) and a portable lamp. The power sources are a 27.5 volt generator attached to the engine and two batteries.

The steering wheel is a semi-balanced steering wheel, the stock of which comes out of the bottom through a helmport tube with an oil seal. The steering wheel is connected to the tiller by a roller drive. The steering wheel axis and the shaft are connected by a Gall chain.

Anchor device - an anchor weighing 10 kg and a nylon cable with a circumference of 50 mm and a length of 30 m (stored under the cockpit floorboards). A bow duck is used for anchorage.

Wraparound device - bow duck, two bow bale bars and two stern ducks. When mooring, bow and stern mooring nylon cables (falini) with a circumference of 50 mm and a length of 1C m are used, as well as two soft fenders and two buoyant hooks 1.5 m long.

B u c i rn o s t r o s t in o - bow duck and lock of the stern lifting device. An anchor cable is used as a tug.

The lifting device - two eyelets located in the diametral plane, behind which the brackets of the lifting slings or the hooks of the boat hoists (suspensions) are laid.

L e rn o s troystv about - two bow rails, stretched from the bow rack to the sides of the wheelhouse, and two storm handrails, installed on the roof of the wheelhouse.

Rescue equipment - eight life jackets and a life ring with a line (stored in the right cockpit cupboard).

In case of an accident, there is a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher (suspended from the control panel), a hand pump, a canvas bucket, an emergency tiller, a battery flashlight (stored under the cockpit floorboards), two oars and a box for smoke signals and rockets (located under the sofa in the cabin). For visual communication, there are semaphore flags and a signal lamp. The naval flag is raised on a metal flagpole. The mechanical part is provided with the necessary tools, spare parts and electrical equipment.

Small work boat made of fiberglass (Fig. 12.9) - seaworthy (partially decked) boat with a single-shaft diesel engine. The boat has round-bilge lines, straight transom with an inclination. The boat has a decked bow compartment - forepeak (0-2 sp.), Cargo hold (2-12 sp.), Aft compartment - afterpeak (12-13 sp.) With a platform and a banquet. The cargo hold is partially decked in the area where the engine is installed (7-9 shp.), Has side hinged banks, a removable transverse can and floorboards.

Figure: 12.9. Small work boat:
1 - awning; 2 - cover for the boat; 3 - engine; 4 - lifebuoy; 5 - sound signal; 6 - a panel with devices; 7 - steering wheel; 5 - flags and return pennant; 9 - rocket launcher; 10 - boat signal book; 11 - a bag with documents; 12 - reverse gear handle; 13 - propeller shaft; 14 - flagpole; 15 - hooking fire; 16 - portable lamp; 17 - emergency tiller; 18 - screw; 19 - steering wheel; 20 - mooring lines; 21, 54 - fenders; 22 - bench; 23, 42 - putens; 24, 40 - ducks; 25 - box with lanterns; 26 - fuel tank; 27 - canvas bucket and watering can; 28 - oiler; 29 - funnel for oil; 30 - compass; 31 - reverse gear; 32 - fire extinguisher; 33 - storage battery; 34 - oil can; 35 - rescue bibs; 36 - checkmate; 37 timber and board; 38 - side bank: 39 - transverse bank; 41 - box with rescue equipment; 43 - distinctive fire; 44 - masthead light; 45 - cover for the engine; 46 - aft bollard; 47 - awning for cargo; 48 - bilge pump; 49 - anchor; 50 - headlight; 51 - water hook; 52 - box with spare parts; 53 - payoli; 55 - anchor with a cable; 56 - ladder; 57 - bow bollard; 58 - foot rail; 59 - bale bar

The boat has three layers. The material of the outer casing 4 mm thick and the inner one 2 mm thick is fiberglass based on PN-3 polyester resin. ASTT (b) - 02-0 fiberglass was used as a filler. The space between the housings is filled with polyurethane foam. The keel, stringers for the engine foundation, beams, frames and flora are made of fiberglass filled with PVC-1 foam. The dialing system is transverse. Spacing 600 mm.

Two transverse bulkheads 4 mm thick: bow for 2 shp. and a stern for 12 sp., passing into the platform - together with a triple light hull, ensure the boat's unsinkability when filling the cargo hold. The foundation of the engine is made in the form of beams made of light alloy AMG-5V. Reinforcements made of steel and light alloy are installed under bollards, cleats, bale strips.

MECHANICAL INSTALLATION - non-reversible marine diesel engine 4 Ch SP 8,5 / 11 with electric starter start and reverse gear. The propeller shaft and three-blade right rotation propeller make 700 rpm at 1500 rpm of the crankshaft. Two fuel tanks, water cooling pipes and fuel system are made of light alloy.

The boat steer is equipped with a dashboard with engine control devices and a KI-12 magnetic compass. A steering wheel with a steering gear that turns the tiller of a semi-balanced steering wheel through a steering cable, a reverse gear handle and a sound signal switch are brought here. The electrical distribution board (8-9 sh.) Supplies power to the masthead, onboard distinctive, side-mounted running lights, a headlamp, a portable lamp and a panel lamp with engine control devices. The sources of electricity are a 6 V generator attached to the engine and a storage battery.

Installer. Wart and back - bow cross bollard, two aft bollards, four ducks, two bale strips; p about d e mn about e - four potens; le e rno e - two foot rails; t ent about e - two arcs and an awning.

C n and e c atera. Anchor weighing 10 kg with a 75 mm hemp rope and 30 m long, emergency tiller, two hemp mooring lines with a 75 mm circumference and 20 m long - bow and 10 m - aft, four soft fenders, two water hooks 2.5 m long, ladder , three stuffed mats. A box with rescue equipment (wooden plaster with soft sides, metal plaster with P6-1 clamping bolts, oak wedges, pine corks, sheet rubber, tow, carpenter's ax, hacksaw, asbestos mittens, nails). Pine timber and board, two fire extinguishers О М П and ОУ-3, manual bilge pump, canvas bucket and watering can, box with battery and tricolor lanterns. Life bibs, lifebuoy, anchor. A rocket pistol with missiles in a holster, semaphore flags and a response pennant with a rod in a canvas case. A boat signal book in a case, a bag for documents, a stern flag on a flagpole. Oil can, oil funnel, oil can. Cover for the engine, awning for cargo, cover for the boat, box for tools and spare parts for the engine.

Mil.Press FlotProm journalists interviewed the commanders of the ships and the captains of the ships of the Russian fleet and found out what are the main requirements of the sailors for small boats: command, crew, rescue and diving, as well as boats for special operations. The experts announced the necessary parameters of seaworthiness, speed, passenger capacity and carrying capacity, characteristics of the engine, propeller and preferred hull material.

What do sailors want from command, crew and work boats

Vice-admiral (retired), first commander of the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" Viktor Yarygin told the Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent that in the Soviet years there were clear requirements for how many and which boats should be placed on one or another ship.

According to Yarygin, a large rank I ship had several standard naval launches for transporting personnel and boats, for example, command boats. Their number was determined depending on the displacement and purpose of the Navy unit, the size of the crew, etc. “There are a lot of sailors, on a cruiser or a destroyer - a different number of people, hence a different number of watercrafts of various projects, different requirements were developed for them, - said the vice admiral. - Back in the 1990s, no one particularly asked this question, since everything was determined. "

"All this was clearly spelled out and defined, even spelled out in the ship's form," the admiral noted. "After the collapse of the USSR, we lost industrial production in the small fleet, and even general requirements for them are difficult to work out. Now we need to fix and restore this matter."

He named seaworthiness (3-4 points), speed (20-25 knots) and modern hull materials as the main requirements for boats, boats and longboats - regardless of the tasks, as well as their saturation with modern equipment.

Yarygin believes that the engine of a boat or a launch should be as "tenacious" as possible and have a maintainability margin. Launch boats of large ships should be equipped with two backup engines, plus they should have two means of launch - air launch and battery. “The first option was used more often, because batteries, especially in the North, often failed,” he said.

The hull of the ship, according to the admiral, should be modern, preferably composite, but only if it is resistant to different conditions and temperatures, and is also strong enough. Viktor Yarygin gave an example of a new launch of the Project 68-bis Murmansk cruiser that burst: “At one time, instead of wooden boats, we were supplied with composite ones, one of them was out of order and, unlike the wooden one, was not subject to repair.”

The vice-admiral urged to pay special attention to the launching work: "There were always bottlenecks when lifting and lowering (ships). Old ships of the USSR Navy, including cruisers of the Sverdlov type, had very slow lifting arrows. Gradually, starting with a cruiser." Kiev ", it was improved, arrows began to work faster. And on the new destroyers of project 956, the deck equipment has become more perfect." Yarygin noted that the launching device (SPU) should operate in several lifting modes, for example, normal, accelerated and emergency.

“Everything needs to be worked out here, it depends on the weather and the state of the sea. If the sea is unpredictable and you slowly raise the boat, you can kill both people and equipment,” Yarygin said in an interview with Mil.Press FlotProm. “Usually, people do not lift a boat with people. This is done by his crew, and the passengers climb onto the ship by the ladder. In addition, the tripping operations are not carried out in high seas. But here a lot depends on the level of training of the crew. "

Rear-admiral, retired, ex-commander of the "Selfless" and anti-ship missile "Moskva" Vladimir Bogdashin told the publication that the longboats on the patrol boats of Project 1135 met all the necessary requirements: "The famous, excellent longboat. They were nominally on the starboard side of the ship, had sufficient seaworthiness and were pleased with them in the navy."

But the command boat of the project 1390 "Strizh" Bogdashin criticized: poor seaworthiness, crampedness, inability to walk in a large wave, as well as difficulties during the launching operations and a capricious engine. "Such boats were massively installed on the ships of the Navy, for example, on the Nikolayev BOD of Project 1134B, where I was an assistant commander," Bogdashin said in an interview with Mil.Press FlotProm journalist. Its lifting was carried out only on the move, the particular difficulty was not to break the slings on the beam. "

The Rear Admiral noted the advantage of the diesel engine installed on the launch over the Strizh engine. The latter was notable for the complexity of the design, problems constantly arose with it. Often the car simply would not start. At the same time, for the sake of economy, on the longboat, the engine, also diesel, was made simpler, which provided better results in sea conditions. The admiral stressed that modern boats need to be equipped with reliable engines, possibly outboard and, most likely, foreign ones. "The small-sized, very compact" Strizh "at the same time was distinguished by a small volume of internal premises. - Vladimir Bogdashin added. - There, as they say, it is not possible to turn around, it is inconvenient to work, especially when rolling. and the captain's cabin was small. "

The main claim of the sailors to the "Strizh" is its limited seaworthiness, which caused difficulties even in a three-point storm. Another problem is the tripping operations, during which the hook of the project 1390 boat was often pulled out. The longboat in this sense is more convenient due to the simplicity of its design.

The key requirements for modern boats for ships of the type SKR / corvette or BOD / frigate, according to Bogdashin, are seaworthiness up to 4-5 points, speed from 20 to 30 knots, composite hull materials, necessarily reinforced, and sufficient passenger capacity.

“Speedboats today perform many functions. Among them are transportation, disembarkation of an amphibious platoon, roadstead, crew functions, etc. It is imperative to comply with the naval requirements for the speedy descent of watercraft,” he stressed. “The hull material is of course plastic, modern composites. Such boats are high-speed, more powerful and sturdy. Perhaps some work on the boats is carried out by shipyards that produce them. For example, we are talking about the More plant in Feodosia, where a composite shop worked. "

Rear admiral, retired, ex-commander of the aircraft carrier "Minsk" Viktor Gokinaev remembered the project 1404 Sokolenok boat, which, according to him, satisfied the sailors. “This is a fairly seaworthy and fast vessel, on the whole excellent,” the officer told Mil.Press FlotProm. “Before that there was a cruising boat for Project 68-bis ships, also good, the speed is lower than that of Sokolenok, but nothing too. there were also enough seaworthiness indicators (this is a project 371-bis boat - ed.) ".

According to Gokinaev, the "Minsk" had two longboats - seaworthy and capacious, with acceptable performance, but most importantly, simple and maintainable. In addition, two fiberglass commanders Sokolenok were based on the ship. "

For Gokinaev, the main requirements for small fleet boats are seaworthiness (3-4 points) and speed (at least 20 knots in cruising mode). The third indicator is the convenience of tripping operations, including in rough conditions. So, during the operation of the boats of the project 1404, the rear admiral did not recall any cases of the boat slipping or serious blows against the side of the ship or crane. At the same time, he added, the coherence of the crew and the experience of the sailors are important here. The fourth important point is the vessel's capacity and its ergonomics.

Kater also needs a sufficient cruising range, at least within 150-200 miles. However, there is no need to go far, added Viktor Gokinaev. If necessary, he believes, the ship can quickly deliver to shore not only the command staff or crew members of the ship, but also a small group of marines - up to 10-15 people. At the same time on the same "Sokolenka" can comfortably accommodate 8-12 marines with light small arms, and to support the fighters on the bow of the boat, you can install a 20-mm machine gun.

"For their time, Sokolyata were quite consistent with similar vessels of a potential enemy, and in some ways even surpassed them," Gokinaev emphasized. "Stopping their production was a big mistake." A total of fifty such boats were built. They were produced by the pilot production of the Redan Central Design Bureau. "Sokolyata" - regular command boats of aircraft-carrying cruisers of the 1143 family and missile cruisers of project 1144.

Retired captain I rank, the last commander of the TAVKR "Admiral Gorshkov" Igor Ryabko told the Mil.Press FlotProm journalist that the Indian side chose foreign boats for the upgraded ship. So, the command and crew boats of the Indian Navy were ordered in Croatia. These vessels, roughly the size of the Gorshkov's boats, were equipped with the latest technology: they installed modern electronic navigation systems, radar, thrusters, drainage mechanisms, etc. An industry source familiar with the situation told the publication that the cost of one command boat for the Vikramaditya was about $ 1 million.

For each such boat, according to Ryabko, two water cannons were installed, thanks to which they developed a speed of up to 40 knots. In addition, the ship was equipped with two Scandinavian RIB boats, similar to the Russian BL-680. Basically, these boats, also quite fast, are used for special operations - for example, countering underwater saboteurs - or for fast delivery of mail.

The ship also received two Russian-made longboats. The latter were created on the basis of a similar project for the USSR Navy, equipped with the most modern equipment. "It looks similar, but the content is different," added the captain of the 1st rank. "The Volvo engine allows a cruising speed of 8 knots and a maximum speed of 12, the longboat has a good lifting capacity of up to 4 tons, it is also equipped with thrusters and sump pumps in each compartment. . All this is launched from the control room of the boat commander. " Such vessels were used on many ships of the Navy. They are also equipped with stainless handrails, ladders for the descent of divers.

According to Captain I Rank Igor Ryabko, the key requirement of the sailors is the ease of launching and lifting the vessel aboard the ship. This correlates with the characteristics of the SPU, their perfection. The next most important characteristic is seaworthiness (3-4 points), then - modern onboard navigation and radar equipment. In addition, the cruising range of the order of 300 miles, the ability to cool the engine with seawater (and not fresh water or special antifreezes), and the maintainability of the power plant are important. As for the body material, these are exclusively composites. Ryabko is skeptical about the prospects of steel and aluminum floating craft for these tasks, since modern composites are lighter, stronger and sufficiently resistant to the marine environment.

Inquiries from Marines, Divers and Mine Action Specialists

Major General, retired, ex-head of the Coastal Forces and Marine Corps of the Russian Navy Vladimir Romanenko I drew attention in an interview with the journalist of the publication to the landing and landing functions of boats.

He called the hovercraft the best means of prompt delivery of the marines. The latter can be based on a large landing craft or a universal amphibious assault ship, as well as on other large ships. "The ships of the II rank have small high-speed floating craft with high maneuverability and speed, most often RIBs or composite boats," noted Romanenko. "The better these characteristics, the better. A high-speed target makes it difficult to use weapons on it."

According to the Major General, existing small fleet vessels periodically "flash" at parades, but this is far from all that the Navy has. So, said the commander, now on small ships - MRK and corvettes - they put assault boats. “I cannot evaluate specific solutions, but practice has shown that these vehicles have a very low speed in comparison with hovercraft. Even 20 knots is not enough here, so the losses will be greater in comparison with the hovercraft.” According to him, hovercraft remain ideal for landing operations as the fastest. At the same time, they can be placed on board the ship.

“If we expand the topic, steel or aluminum boats will never develop the appropriate speed. There are modern composite materials - they are already used for armored vehicles,” Romanenko told the publication. “The alternative is inflatable boats, small, high-speed and with a powerful engine. This niche is always was needed in any battle, and it is still not really closed. It is necessary to seriously modernize the existing developments. "

Vladimir Romanenko lamented that Russian developments in the field of RIB boats for the Navy today lag significantly behind Western ones, and the domestic fleet as a whole is now in a deep crisis, the long-term planning of the fleet is seriously out of touch with reality. "The small fleet should be discussed, it is necessary to talk about it, to revive the profile design bureaus, to form a unified state policy in this area for years to come," the Major General stressed.

“I constantly monitor this situation and, as far as I know, so far no one is seriously and systematically engaged in the small fleet. The personnel component in the leadership of the Navy, marines, and so on is very important here,” he summed up.

A naval source familiar with the situation on the Project 12700 lead minesweeper of the "Alexander Obukhov" type told the Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent that unmanned boats (BEC) are no longer new, but still a sore spot for the Russian Navy. French BEC Inspector MkII, ordered from ECA Group, cannot be based on a minesweeper due to their size. This seriously limits their operational capabilities.

"The problem here was initially at the level of the terms of reference," the source noted. "Due to a number of unresolved problems with this vessel, the ship's crew received a boat that could not be effectively controlled, which already affects the functionality of the entire anti-mine complex." The officer stressed that the creation of the BEC should be created in close cooperation with the design organization of the ship itself, in order to avoid mistakes that have already been made during the commissioning of the Inspector.

Therefore, the requirements here are adequate and long-term planning, taking into account possible sanctions, with an emphasis on import substitution and without interrupting naval tasks, he summed up.

Captain II rank, ex-skipper of the Kamchatka experimental ship Roman Senin made a comparison of the "Strizh" boat and the naval launch in favor of the latter: seaworthiness, especially in open water, becomes a defining parameter. "Strizh", he added, behaves very badly in waves, however, in calm water it copes with its functions as a command boat in general - despite the outdated design.

According to Senin, the boats did not perform any other functions at Kamchatka, and now their tasks are completely covered by the BL-680 high-speed boats. He emphasized that a fairly effective system for launching and lifting boats was installed on the test vessel, including two large cargo booms and one small side boom. All three Kamchatka watercraft - two boats and a lifeboat - were launched without problems.

The chairman of the Association for the Development of Search and Rescue Equipment and Technologies, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Viktor Ilyukhin told the publication that, for example, diving boats are used in various ministries and departments: in the Navy, in the FSB Border Service, in the Marine Rescue Service of the Ministry of Transport, in the Ministry of Emergencies, even in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as in oil companies. And each department has its own requirements for specific tasks. This, for example, basing on a ship, inspection of pipes, potentially dangerous objects, the presence of an underwater vehicle, etc.

“The customer determines all the requirements for such a vessel, be it a diving boat or any other,” he said. “But the problem we have is the lack of a unified technical policy. Our search and rescue and rescue vessels are a variety of projects. divers, workers, offshore ... Even in terminology, a complete mess. The same Krylov Center can develop certain requirements for the unification of these projects. The variety of projects and the lack of unification increases the cost. Whatever the design bureau is its own project. And this affects the difficulties with the supply of spare parts, including foreign, and the cost of it. Not a single richest country can cope with this. Especially if we remember the localization of production. "

According to Ilyukhin, the Institute for Life Support Problems at the Academy of the Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations at one time formulated requirements for boats. The fleet also has certain requirements for boats in terms of ballality, seaworthiness, hull materials, but only in general terms, and not in relation to a specific project.

But there are still no uniform requirements for boats in terms of unification and a single technical policy. Including no requirements in the field of search and rescue boats. For example, there are about ten modular diving barocomplexes alone. Why? There is not a single such complex that could be docked with a pressure chamber.

Ex-captain of a hydrographic vessel of the "Dmitry Ovtsyn" type told the publication that this project has unlimited seaworthiness. The ships of this series were equipped with lifeboats, and a little lower - a fiberglass work boat. "The diesel engine, located at the back, the propeller - it met all the requirements at the time of the ship's construction. If it is equipped with equipment for measuring, it is essentially a small hydrograph," said the captain. "The seaworthiness of the boats of the vessel is standard - 2-3 points. However, measurements on the boat are carried out with little excitement, up to 3 points. At wave heights of 1-2 meters, the measurement accuracy decreases, and measurements are not made. At the same time, it is suitable for other tasks. "

Small fleet diesel engines are usually hard to start manually, so you need a good starter and maximum reliability and maintainability of the engine, as well as a sufficiently reliable cooling system, especially for ships with an unlimited navigation area.

Thus, the main requirements for a small fleet are seaworthiness (3-5 points), a speed of 20 to 30 knots, a range of 200-300 miles, a composite hull, modern navigation and radar equipment, a reliable and maintainable engine, ease of lifting operations, passenger capacity , but the main thing is the unification and the presence of uniform requirements for the small fleet as a whole. According to experts interviewed by the publication, without a systematic approach and linking the project of a particular boat to its future tasks, even the most advanced technology may not be able to achieve its goals.

Dmitry Zhavoronkov

At the beginning of 1961, the smooth progress of work on small command boats was disrupted by a letter from TsKB-17. In this letter, with reference to the Navy and the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for shipbuilding, TsKB-5 was tasked with working out a small command boat made of plastic on ... hydrofoils for order 1123.

By 1961, the use of hydrofoils on boats became widespread both abroad and in the domestic shipbuilding, but this did not affect ship boats due to complications during mooring and boarding. The only solution in this case could be a wing device, which, like the landing gear of an aircraft, could be extended and retracted into the hull of the boat right on the go.

The problem, as always, was the engine. A preliminary calculation determined the mass of the engine together with fuel no more than 450 kg, while its power should have been about 150 hp. Only three domestic engines met the set conditions: the TVD-350 gas turbine (150 kg, 230 hp), the aviation AI-14 (270 kg, 200 hp) and the engine of the Chaika automobile (316 kg, 150 hp). from.). Of these, only the TVD-350 had less weight, ran on heavy fuel and was more compact than the other two, running on gasoline. In addition to the listed advantages, this engine had a gearbox.

Boat project 1389

Total displacement, t - 3.20, maximum length, m - 7.79, maximum width, m - 2.40, side depth, m - 1.09, average draft, m - 0.49, lifting weight, t - 2.75, crew. people - 2, number of passengers, people - 6, speed, knots - 37, cruising range, miles - 110, engine type - kerosene TVD-350, engine power, h.p. - 230, body material - fiberglass

Superiority in basic parameters combined with the new architecture gave this boat undoubted advantages over the command boats in service with the fleet. This project received the number 1389. It turned out to be very progressive for its time, and only for this reason it was not approved. In terms of its design solutions, the boat was ahead of time - technologies could not ensure the reliability and safety of the used mechanisms, including a propeller shaft with two cardan shafts and a sliding clutch, a wing lifting mechanism and an adjustable pitch propeller. In addition, the TVD-350 consumed almost twice as much fuel as a conventional diesel, and was very noisy.

Although project 1389 was not implemented, it was of great importance for the further completion of work on small command boats. The efforts of the designers were not in vain. Using the support of a high-ranking naval commander, N.A. Makarov began to develop an initiative version of a small command boat

Project 339B was adopted as the basis for the new boat, and the initiative project received the number 1390 Strizh. The main design solutions were worked out on the previous small command boats, and there was no reason to abandon the elements that were tested during operation. The hull remained practically unchanged, the engine was 6ChSP 9.5 / 11, since there was still no other engine. The layout was taken from the elaborations of the Z78p project.

The option with the aft location of the main engine was chosen as having a number of positive aspects - the bow of the boat was freed from noisy and bulky mechanisms, and the salon was located very well in this space. Behind the salon there was a cockpit with a navigator's post - a room that isolates from the engine compartment, which significantly reduced the noise in the cabin. Due to the lack of a superstructure above the engine compartment, access to the engine was significantly improved. The stern centering improved the running and seaworthiness of the boat. At the same time, the location of the engine in the stern required the manufacture of a bevel gear and an intermediate shaft.

Boat project 1390

Full displacement, t - 3.20, dmaximum linen, m - 7.81, wirina the greatest, m - 2.40, cboard height, m \u200b\u200b- 1.32, oaverage cage, m - 0.61, ekipage, people 1, h number of passengers, people - 6, mnutritiveness, points - up to 4, sspeed, knots - 13, d cruising range, miles - 100, tengine type - 6ChSP9.5 / 11,engine power, h.p. - 55 at 1500 rpm, mbody material - light alloy

The choice of the type of superstructure was decided in favor of a "limousine", and the boat received an appearance in the spirit of the cars of that time - with rapid shapes and a large area of \u200b\u200bglass - it met the requirements for the architecture of a new type of command boats.

By the end of September 1962, the boat was ready for state tests. On a trailer, he was sent to Feodosia and in October passed state tests, where he showed his best side. The speed instead of 12.5 knots reached 14.2, the cruising range was 95 miles instead of 75. At sea trials, the boat did not burrow or flood in four-point waves, the impacts on the head-on were soft, the pitching was smooth and rapidly decaying. and the installation of the engine on shock absorbers and excellent anti-noise insulation of the engine compartment significantly reduced noise and improved habitability.

The state test program included joint comparative tests of small command boats of projects 339B and 1390 in order to determine the best option for serial production. In terms of dimensions, they practically did not differ from each other, and in terms of weight, the 1390 project was 200 kg heavier. In terms of speed, the boat of project 1390 surpassed the competitor by 1 knot, and in terms of cruising range it lost 20 miles to it due to a smaller supply of fuel. In terms of architecture, Project 339B was significantly inferior to its rival, and in terms of seaworthiness they were equal.

The results of the comparative tests were unanimously in favor of the 1390 project and, in order to note any shortcomings, it was entered in the test report that the use of a reverse gear instead of a reversing clutch "creates some noise when starting and running the engine." In March 1963, by a joint decision of the Navy and industry, it was ordered to start serial construction of boats, project 1390 instead of 339B. The Feodosia shipyard was to be built according to the documentation corrected by TsKB-5 taking into account the comments received from the test results.

In 1971, by order of the Ministry of Justice Industry, the production of boats, project 1390 was transferred to the Batumi shipyard. Moreover, in 1972, by order of the minister, all the documentation, including the originals of the design documents, were also transferred to the Batumi plant, which from that moment became the full owner of the project (in a professional language, the caller), and the TsKB-5 branch lost all copyrights. Since 1974, the Batumi Shipyard began to provide the Navy with small command boats and, as the only copyright holder, began to develop its modifications for the needs of the national economy, individual customers and for export.

Until the last days of the USSR, for almost 20 years, the plant produced these boats, which were in great demand by the consumer. The designer tried several times to develop a more modern boat, but the promising design groundwork did not allow the Strizh to be declared obsolete in the seventies and taken out of production.

 

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