Letter to a friend in england english. How to write a letter to a friend in English. Useful phrases and expressions

Sample letters to a friend English language

All Sample Letters to a Friend in English are divided into three groups - according to the format - GIA-9 (State Final Attestation of graduates of the 9th grade), USE (Unified State Exam - for graduates high school) and free format.

Sample letters for each topic can be found by clicking on the appropriate link.

Sample letters to a friend in English in GIA-9 format

First, I went to a youth camp, which is located near Kaluga on the shores of a picturesque lake. We sunbathed a lot and swam in the lake, played football, danced in the evening, etc...

Our family was invited to visit by our relatives who have their own house in Spain in the suburbs of Barcelona. We spent almost a month traveling around this country...

I am so glad to receive your letter. It's great that reading is your hobby!As for me, I love to read books and they play a very important role in my life...

Thank you for your letter. It's a great pleasure to have a true friend!As for me, my best friend is Elena. We are in the same class and spend a lot of time together. We often go to the cinema or to the park...

I was glad to get your letter. I was very interested to read your news!In your letter, you ask me about my movie preferences. Of course, I love films and often watch them at the cinema...

Thanks a lot. I was glad to get your letter. I was surprised that you can ride a horse.Of course, this is my hobby. I started playing it musical instrument when I was nine...

Thanks for your letter. You are writing about a very serious problem.In your letter you ask me about my friends and about my parents' attitude towards them. I have many friends. Some of them love rock music...

Thanks for your letter. My congratulations to your grandmother on her birthday!It's great that your family is very friendly! As for me, we also try to preserve family traditions. So, we usually have parties for our birthdays...

Thanks for your letter. I'm happy to receive it!You want to know what kind of music I prefer. I would like to tell you that music -this is my hobby and i love pop music. I have a wonderful collection of CDs at home...

Thanks for your letter. It was interesting to read.You want to know more about the role of computers in my life. I agree with you that our life would be impossible without computers...

Thanks for your letter. Unfortunately, I didn't answer right away. I have been very busy lately, because tomorrow is a very important day for me - we are participating in competitions with our basketball team ...

Thanks for your letter. I am glad that you are taking part in the conference on Russia! It's so wonderful!My story home country- great! Russia is famous for its achievements and outstanding personalities...

It was so nice to receive your letter.I'm glad you have pets! I think it's very interesting to keep pets. They are funny and smart. Plus, you can play fun games with them...

In your letter you asked me about exams. Well, I chose biology and chemistry. These are very interesting and informative topics. I prefer oral exams to written ones because I can easily memorize tickets and retell them...

Sample letters to a friend in English in the USE format

As for me, I also had a wonderful vacation. At first I lived with my parents in the garden. The weather was hot and I swam a lot with my friends. We played football and rode bikes...

Thanks for your letter. I'm happy I got it.In your letter you ask me how I spent my summer.I think that most people spend their summers on the banks of water bodies, swimming and sunbathing...

Thank you for your letter. I'm so glad to hear from you. It's great that you vacationed in Italy.You ask me how I spent my summer. I was vacationing at a youth camp by the lake...

You ask how I spent my summer. Anyway, it was not the best summer of my life. At first I had a bad cold and was sick for two weeks. Because of this, I could not go to a youth camp and spent a whole month in a stuffy city ...

My vacation is over. I played it very well. I walked with my friends, read a lot of interesting books, watched TV, played computer games. I spent a few weeks at the dacha with my grandparents...

It's always a pleasure to receive your letters! I am very glad that you had a good holiday. It seems to me that I love to travel, but I have never traveled abroad.I usually go to my summer garden house near Moscow...

Thanks for your letter. I don't think that in our family we are great travelers. But we sometimes take walksoutdoors,all together, or just with dad...

Great to hear from you! I'm really glad you passed your history test.
You asked me about hobbies that Russian teenagers like. Well, a lot of teenagers are interested in music and playing computer games...

Thanks for your letter. You know that I live in a large family, so I have to share a room with my brother, and stay with my sister in the evening when our parents want to go to the theater or any other place...

It's great that you're going to come to Moscow. I look forward to meeting you and your friends. However, there are so many wonderful sights in our capital that it would be impossible to see them in one week...

Thanks for your letter.I wish I could be at that party and have fun with all of you! I usually have birthday parties. I invite some of my classmates and close friends...

Thanks for your letter. It's so nice to receive news about you and your family.As for me, I won our school tennis championship. You know, I've been playing tennis for nine years...

Thanks for your letter. I'm happy I received it.I agree with you that it's nice to flip through the pages of a book in a bookstore when you pick it up. In addition, you can read fragments of the book and look at the photos in it...

Thanks for your letter. Looks like you're having a good time! Unfortunately, I rarely go out. My exams are coming up and I am preparing hard for them.And my favorite place is here in Kazan, I love the Kremlin in the city center with the famous Kul Sharif mosque and ancient cathedrals...

Thanks for your letter. It's great to hear from you!In your letter, you write about your problem. It's really hard to take care of small children. You must be patient and kind...

Thank you for your letter! It was nice to hear from you so soon.You asked me to tell about Moscow. Well, it's a very beautiful city, especially in autumn, when all the trees turn different colors...

I am glad to receive your letter! I wish you good luck in your championship!In your letter, you are interested in my sports preferences. I play soccer...

Thanks for your letter. It's so nice to get news about you and your family.It's great that you like rap because I love it too. I have many CDs with foreign and Russian rappers...

I was glad to receive your letter. It's really cool that your parents let you have a pet.Speaking of me, I have a kitten called Musik...

Thanks for your letter. It was great to read about your new home.As for my new school, it is very big! It has three computer labs and wonderful sports facilities...

I go to school number 497 in Moscow. The school is very big. We study from Monday to Saturday.It actually seems like a great place and I enjoy studying there...

I'm so glad you posted! Congratulations on your car!
In Russia, some young people my age have their own cars. Sometimes when parents buy new car they give...

In your letter, you asked me about my grades at school. Well, I think you can try talking to your parents. I'm sure they will understand...

My classmates and I go to museums about three or four times a year, it's not too often. My favorite museum is the Hermitage, which is...

You know, I can't say that I have certain responsibilities, but I try to help my parents as often as possible. As for me, I hate cooking...

As for me, I have to clean my room regularly and also help my parents when they are tired. If I need to cook something, then I make scrambled eggs or some kind of salad. You know I can do it...

I have several friends. But the best of them is Olga. She is younger than me. Olga is a very funny and interesting person.You can talk to her about various topics...

In your letter, you talked about your family outing and asked about ours. Well, we went on a picnic two days ago. It was so much fun, but the weather was rainy...

Sample letters to a friend in English in free format

I received your letter today. You ask me to write about my favorite sports game.My favorite game is football. This game is full of life...

So my summer holidays are over. I think you would like to know everything about my vacation. There are many countries that I have visited. Here are some of them - Poland, Germany and others.

This summer was unforgettable. In June, I went to school camp. It was very interesting. There we prepared for the upcoming exams, went to the pool, library, exhibition hall, visited the archive, which stores old letters, newspapers, magazines, books on the Great Patriotic War...

This summer was unforgettable for me. I was in Gelendzhik. In my opinion, there is nothing like other Russian resorts. There were different kinds entertainment. to me most love the water scooters...

I found your letter from London very interesting. It reminded me of a time when I was there a few years ago. I spend all my weekends at the beach...

How are you doing? I am writing to tell you about my summer. It really was fun. I went to a children's camp on the Black Sea. We swam and sunbathed a lot there. We played a lot of football.

How time flies fast! It's been two months since then you left. How are you? You getting used to the new environment in Texas? When will you be back ? You know we are all we miss you very much...

Two of my friends from Germany arrived this morning. We're going to a picnic to Sergiev Posad on July 10. We will go there by taxi. We will start Our trip at 7 am and back by 9 pm...

This is just a short letter to let you know that I will think of you. how do you travel on mysterious India. I'm sure you'll have a fabulous trip, but you should know that I miss you terribly...

Heard the latest news? Well, I just found out that the rock band Scorpions is coming to Yekaterinburg. Can you believe it?

I want to tell you about my best friend.I have several friends at school. But the best among them is Anton, my classmate.He is my age. But he's much taller than me...

I met my best friend in my class. When we came to our class, we weren't friends. I love that she is so smart, kind and very funny. In our free time we go out together, go to cafes or sometimes we can go to the cinema. We are never bored...

I have several friends. But the best of them is Yana.She is fifteen years old. She is my classmate. We've known each other for fifteen years.She is quite tall and slim. She has an oval face and straight dark hair. She has a straight nose. She has very beautiful brown eyes with thick eyelashes...

I got sick. I have a terrible headache and a sore throat. Spring has already arrived in my country. Pretty warm and really sunny all day long. But I can't go for a walk...

write a letter to a friend in English with a translation into Russian 140 words

  1. Dear Anthony,

    I am writing to you to tell you about my next winter holiday.

    I wanted to spend it in the mountains. Skiing is a very popular sport in my country. It is very interesting. Even our prime minister likes to ski and it is his hobby. I began to ski in my childhood with my father and sister. We very often have been in wood and spend our time there. I think the fresh air, clear nature and sport is very healthy to me. That's why my favorite hobby is skiing.

    The mountain-skiing base is located in Karpaty. It is near 200 kilometers from my city. This base is very popular and many people visit it every year. There are 4 skiing tracks. Three of them are for the skiing and one for the snowboard. Also there is the elevator, cafe and the house, where you can take a rest. The trace is near 3 kilometres. The speed that you can develop there is very big. Then after this base I wanted to visit my grandfather that live in another city. I miss about him.

    So that is my all holiday. Write me more often. Goog luck.

    Dear Anton,

    I am writing to you to tell you about my next winter vacation.

    I want to spend them in the mountains. Skiing is a very popular sport in my country. It is very interesting. Even our Prime Minister loves skiing - it's his hobby. I started skiing when I was little with my dad and sister. We often go to the forest and spend our time there. I think that fresh air, pure nature and sports are very useful for me. That's why my favorite hobby is skiing.

    The ski base is located in the Carpathians. It is two hundred kilometers from my city. This base is very popular and a lot of people visit it every year. There are 4 ski slopes. Three of them are for skis, one is for snowboarding. There is also a lift, a cafe and a house where you can relax. The length of the route is approximately 3 kilometers. The speed you can develop is very high. Then, after this base, I want to go to my grandfather, who lives in another city. I miss him.

    So, that's all my holidays. Write me more often. Good luck.

    devoted to you

  2. I can `t get it
  3. WHAT IS UNCOMPLETE HERE.
  4. Dear Sasha,

    Thank you for your letters! Sorry for havent written to you for so long but I was busy all this time.

    Well, I am very glad that you have passed all the exams! Congratulations! (I am very happy for you!) I guess, you should relax your body and mind after exams. And the best way to do it is to go for a walk!

    You know, my favorite sports are baseball and swimming, but your mum gave you a good piece of advice! Basketball is a good choice for you!

    As well, all teens in Russia prefer hockey and football. But everybody can choose something else

    Wow! Your brother has just come from Australia! That must be great! So, how was his trip? Was it successful? Did he enjoy the weather there?

    Sorry, I must finish now, because I have to revise for my tomorrow exam. Hope to hear from you soon.

    Translation of the letter into Russian:

    Dear Sasha,

    Thank you for your letter! I'm sorry I didn't write to you, but I've been very busy.

    So, I am very glad that you passed all the exams! Congratulations! (I am very happy for you!). I think you should relax both body and soul after exams. The best way to do this is to go for a walk!

    You know my favorite sports are baseball and swimming, but your mom gave you good advice! Basketball is a good choice for you!

    So, all teenagers in Russia prefer hockey and football. But everyone can choose something of their own ...

    Blimey! Your brother just flew in from Australia! This must be cool! So how was his journey? What are the successes? Did he like the weather there?

    Sorry, I have to finish because I'm preparing for tomorrow's exam. Catch you later.

    Best wishes,

  5. hello fool

People have been writing letters to each other since time immemorial. By letters, one can judge the character of a person, his education, hobbies, and most importantly, how well he speaks the language in which he writes. Those who study the language will sooner or later face the need to learn how to write letters in English correctly.

A letter may be needed when entering a higher educational institution abroad, when passing a language exam, when applying for a job. But not only in the world business communication it is important to know how to write a letter in English. Informal correspondence can also have an impact on your life, communication with friends and acquaintances. Your letters will be judged by those who read them. Do you want to leave a good impression of yourself? We will introduce you to the basic rules of correspondence in English. Worth repeating too. Before you start writing a letter, you need to determine for what purpose you are doing this, and therefore - to determine the type of letter.

Types of letters in English

All letters can be divided into personal (Personal letter) and business (Business letter). We talked about correspondence with business partners and the main taboos of business correspondence earlier, today we will discuss the rules of personal correspondence in more detail. Are there general strict rules for writing letters in English? When it comes to personal correspondence, the answer is obvious - no. This is in business documentation, communication with business partners, letter templates in English are often used. Personal correspondence is your own business, sorry for the tautology. And yet, there are a few tips that will help make correspondence more enjoyable for you and the person with whom you are conducting an epistolary conversation. In addition, if you are new to the world of English, it is still better to try writing your first letters using templates.

Of course, stream of consciousness is a good thing, but only in the works of Joyce. If you want your letter to be read to the end, respect the addressee. Try to make the text easy to read. The structure of writing in English is just as important as the meaning you put into the written words.

The letter, as a rule, has the following structural elements:

  • appeal - a separate line
  • a short introduction (in which you can refer to previous contacts, previously written letters, etc.) - a separate paragraph
  • main body - a few paragraphs
  • conclusion - a separate line
  • final phrase - a separate line
  • signature (name only) - separate line
  • in the upper right corner, you should indicate the address of the author and the date under the address

We offer a sample letter in English, with the following structure:

The form of address always depends on the degree of acquaintance with the person to whom you are addressing in the letter. Let's take a few examples.

  • Dear John! contacting a friend, relative
  • Dear Sir- address if this John is your boss. Official address.
  • My dear Sir an appeal that can be used in personal correspondence with irony
  • Dear Mr. Smith- formal address to a stranger (you don't know who John is)

Tip 3. A few important points to pay attention to

1. If you do not know the gender of the addressee, write his full name: Dear T.K. Spinazola

2. If you do not know which abbreviation is best to use: Miss or Mrs, since you don't know if a woman is married, use neutral Ms.

3. If you are writing a letter to two people, include both names in the appeal

4. These appeals cannot be reduced: Professor, Dean, Governor, Captain, Admiral, JudgeSister, Senator

5. These addresses should never be used in their entirety Mr., Ms., Mrs. and Dr.

In order to write a letter correctly for the first time, it is good to have a sample letter in English handy.

Template phrases for writing letters

5 introductory phrase templates:

  • It was great to get your letter….
  • Thanks for your letter. It was great/lovely to hear from you.
  • Thanks for your long letter. It was really great to hear all your news, after not hearing from you for ages….
  • Sorry I haven't written for so long but….
  • I was really pleased to hear that…

These phrases are neutral, you can start a letter with them to any addressee. Sometimes it is difficult to find words, especially if you write in a language other than your own. Template phrases will help you structure the text of the letter, correctly formulate your thoughts.

5 Closing Phrase Templates:

  • I would really like you to visit me this summer. Write to me and tell me your plans.
  • Please give/send my regards (love) to your….
  • And write and tell me your plans for….
  • Write back soon!
  • If you want to know anything else, just drop me a line.

Advice letter template (5 options):

  • I am writing to ask for your advice
  • Can you give me your advice?
  • I've got a problem and I need your advice.
  • What do you think I should do?
  • Do you think I should…?

Phrases for different letters:

We wish you only good and warm letters!

I have read your letter today. I am glad that you are fine! I am very happy that you successfully passed your Chinese exam. My congratulations! I know you had been studying hard to pass it.

Now, let me tell you my news.

As usual, I study deeply English and maths. My mathematics teacher moved to Germany for a year. That is why I have another teacher at the moment. But I like him as well.

I am doing well at English. I have been watching films in English every day for two months already. At the moment I am watching films with subtitles, but hopefully, soon I will be able to understand everything without them. I think, this is a very good way to enlarge one's vocabulary.

I have recently been playing volleyball in the park. You know, I like this kind of sports. I have met a really nice girl there. Her name is Lena. Next time I am going to invite her to the cinema. It looks like I go to the park to see her rather than play volleyball)))

My brother has started to work in an interior design studio. He enjoys it a lot more than his previous job. My parents are planning to buy a new flat. This one is too small now.

Valera, Andrey and I often think about you. It is a pity that you had to go. It was so much fun when you were here. It is Andrey's birthday soon. It is sad that we will have to celebrate it without you. I hope you will be able to come and visit us when it is my birthday.

Yesterday we met Sveta and Natasha. They gave their regards to you. They asked if you liked your new place. We told them that you did. By the way, Natasha dyed her hair black. She is a brunette now! It suits her, though.

Please give my regards to your mom, dad and sister! Come to visit us as soon as you have an opportunity! Do not forget to write! We miss you so much!

Wishing you best of luck!

Dear Sergey!

Today I read your letter. I'm glad you're doing well! I am very happy that you successfully passed the Chinese exam! Congratulations! I know you worked really hard to pass it.

Now I'll tell you what's new in my life.

As usual, I study English and mathematics in depth. My math teacher moved to Germany for a year, so now I'm studying with someone else. But I like him too.

Everything is fine with English. For two months now I have been watching films in English every day. I'm still watching movies with subtitles, but hopefully soon I'll be able to understand everything without them. In my opinion, this is very good way vocabulary replenishment.

Recently I go to the park to play volleyball. You know I love this sport. There I met a very nice girl. Her name is Lena. Next time I will invite her to the cinema. I think I go to the park because of her, not because of volleyball)))

My brother started working in an interior design studio. He likes this job much more than the previous one. Parents want to buy a new apartment, as we are already cramped in this one.

Valera, Andrey, and I often remember you. It's a pity you left. It was so much fun when you were here. Andrew's birthday is coming soon. Unfortunately, we will celebrate without you. I hope you can come for my birthday.

Yesterday we saw Sveta and Natasha. They said hello to you. They asked if you like the new place? We said yes. By the way, Natasha dyed her hair black! Now she is a brunette! But she suits.

Say hi to mom, dad and sister for me! Come as soon as possible! Don't forget to write! We miss you very much!

I wish you all the best!

Nowadays for friendly correspondence rarely used Email, I'm not talking about paper. We correspond with friends on social networks, via SMS or using messenger programs like WhatsApp or Telegram. But sometimes email– more suitable choice, for example, when you need to write a long message, tell in detail about something. Also, email is often used for communication between penpals - pen pals who practice foreign languages.

This article is written primarily for those who are in English. You will learn what elements a letter consists of, what are useful phrases for correspondence, and I will also give examples of informal letters: a letter to a friend, a letter to a relative and a love letter.

What does a friendly letter include?

When you write a letter to a friend in English, there is no strict structure to follow. Formalities are useless. However, common sense dictates that the letter should still contain some elements:

  • Email subject (subject)- a friend will open and read your email anyway, but it would be better if you indicate what the message is about. The topic should be short and clear.
  • Greetings- in chats and instant messengers, it is usually not considered rude to write something without “Hello”, especially if it is something urgent. Letters always begin with a greeting.
  • The main content of the letter.
  • Farewell wishes- the letter traditionally ends with a farewell and the name of the sender.

What does a paper letter include?

I highly doubt that you will communicate with pen pals using paper mail, but suddenly you want to send a postcard or just be original?

AT paper letter there is no topic, as in electronic, but there is a header in the upper right corner, in which only the date is usually written. The date format can be any, for example:

  • May 4, 2016.
  • May 4, 2016
  • 5/04/16.

Remember that dates in the US are written in the format “Month/Day/Year” and not “Day/Month/Year” as in Russia or the UK. That is, in the US, 03/04/11 is the fourth of March, not the third of April.

In the USA, the address is written on the envelope not as usual for us, but vice versa: first the name of the recipient, then the address, city, state.

Chloe Price (recipient name)

44 Cedar ave. (house number, street name)

Arcadia Bay (city)

Oregon 97141 (state, zip code)

Greetings and goodbyes in a letter to a friend

Between colleagues, it is considered normal to start a letter simply with a name, for example:

I just wanted to inform you that…

Especially if this is not the first letter in the correspondence, that is, in the first letter, when you started discussing the issue, you wrote “Hello Alex”, and then, specifying the details, simply write “Alex”. In a friendly letter, addressing by name without "hello" or other greeting will look strange, especially in paper.

Here are the standard greetings:

  • Dear Alex– the word “dear” is more commonly used in business correspondence, this is something like our “respected / respected”. But it can also be appropriate in a friendly letter, a letter to a relative, in which case the meaning is closer to “dear / dear”.
  • Hello Alex- the greeting "hello" is the most universal. It is suitable for any occasion, except for very strict business letters.
  • Hi Alex- an analogue of our "hello". So you can contact your work colleagues, and close friends, and pen pals.
  • Hey Alex- also "hello", but with a slightly more friendly, informal connotation. Something like our "great". So it is appropriate to address a friend, a pen pal, colleagues with whom you are short. By the way, the greeting “hey” in films is often mistranslated as “hey” and not as “hello”. It turns out complete nonsense: two friends met, said “hey” to each other and parted.

Note that there is no romantic connotation in the word “dear” at the beginning of the letter, but “dearest” or “my dear” is written to lovers or family members (for example, parents to children).

The letter ends with a parting word or wish and the name of the sender, for example:

Here are the standard farewell options:

  • Bye“Bye” is the easiest way to say goodbye.
  • best wishes- "with best wishes". So they write both in business letters and in friendly ones.
  • kind regards– similar to “best wishes”. Often just written "regards".

Beloved, relatives, close friends, you can also write:

  • Love- “I love”, “with love”.
  • Kiss- "kiss".
  • Hug- "I hug."

Sometimes letters end with these strange abbreviations:

  • X- kiss.
  • XO- hug and kiss.
  • XOXO- hugs and kisses.

There are different versions of the origin of the X at the end of the letter in the meaning of "kiss". One of them says that in the Middle Ages a cross (a Christian symbol) was depicted on a letter as a sign of sincerity, honesty of the letter. And having drawn a cross, it was necessary to kiss it. According to another version, the letter X, which is read as simply consonant with “a kiss”. Why the letter O symbolizes hugs is a mystery shrouded in darkness.

Useful phrases for friendly writing

In informal correspondence, you can express thoughts as convenient, using abbreviations, slang, and colloquial expressions. Here are some templates that may come in handy in correspondence.

Examples of letters to a friend in English with translation

I will give three samples: a letter to a pen friend, a letter to a relative, a love letter.

Example 1: A typical letter to a foreign pen friend.

Thanks for your letters! You asked me to tell you about my favorite day of the week. Well, it's definitely Tuesday.

The reason I like Tuesday is because I have my favorite subjects at school: PE and Chemistry. In PE we play basketball. I'm good at it and our team usually wins.

Chemistry's great because we do experiments in the lab and our teacher, Mr. White, is a real genius (but he's kinda strange lately). Last time he said that Chemistry in not the study of matter but the study of change and showed us some cool experiment with fire burns in different colors.

We also have Spanish on Tuesdays, which is actually my least favorite subject.

Tell me about your favorite day in your next letter. Hope to hear from you soon.

best wishes,
Dan

Hello Anna,

Thank you for your letter! You asked me what my favorite day of the week is. Well, it's certainly Tuesday.

The reason I like Tuesday is because on that day my favorite subjects at school are physical education and chemistry. In physical education we play basketball. I play well and our team usually wins.

I love chemistry because we do experiments on it in the lab, and our teacher, Mr. White, is a real genius (although he's been weird lately). Last time he said that chemistry is not the science of matter, but the science of change. And he showed us a cool experiment with multi-colored fire.

We also have Spanish on Tuesdays, which is actually my least favorite subject. Tell me about your favorite day of the week in your next email. Waiting for your letter!

Best wishes,
Dan

Example 2: a letter to a relative.

Letter from the game “Life is Strange”

Sorry for not staying in touch since the accident. Work has been peeling up and I'm being sent to Salt Lake City to oversee a new parking lot. You have to go where the work is these days.

I wish I could have sent you a bigger check but you know the story. Money is nobody's favorite thing.

Maybe I'll see you near spring for a visit.
Kiss Chloe and Joyce for me.
Hang in there, Billy.

your brother,
Aaron

HI Bill,

I'm sorry I didn't write to you after the accident. A lot of work has accumulated, and now they send me to Salt Lake City to supervise a new parking lot. These days, where there is work, there you have to go.

I'm sorry I couldn't send you a bigger check, but you're in the know. Money is a sore subject for everyone.

Maybe I'll visit you closer to spring.
Kiss Chloe and Joyce for me.
Hold on Billy.

Your brother,
Aaron.

Example 3: love letter.

This letter is taken from the movie "The Notebook". The translation of the letter is taken from the film in Russian dubbing.

 

It might be useful to read: