Industrial ultrasonic disperser. Flow-type ultrasonic disperser. Symbol structure

The invention relates to ultrasonic dispersers for the homogenization of heavy fuels, various liquid mixtures or milk, water-fuel emulsion, can also be used for disinfection drinking water and pasteurization of juices, production of paints, lubricants, food and other emulsions and suspensions, in chemical industry for intensifying chemical reactions and obtaining new types of compounds, in primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels, preparation of stable drilling fluids. The device consists of a piezoelectric transducer with pads, made in one piece with concentrators with a variable internal section, with an axial hole in the concentrators. At the outlet ends of the concentrators, resonant membranes with flow holes are acoustically rigidly and detachably fixed. On both sides of the resonant membranes, slotted gaps are formed due to sound-transparent diaphragms and annular gaps. The device can have focusing systems, cavitation activators, half-wave attachments, half-wave resonators, additional high-frequency emitters. The technical result consists in improving the quality of the cavitation treatment of materials. 8 p.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic technology and can be used for the homogenization of heavy fuels or milk; preparation of high-quality water-fuel emulsion for diesel engines, as well as furnaces of CHPPs and boiler rooms on fuel oil; pasteurization of drinking water, juices and other liquid food products; production of high quality paints, lubricants, food, feed, pharmaceutical and other emulsions and suspensions; in the chemical industry to intensify chemical reactions and obtain new types of compounds; in primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels; for the preparation of stable drilling fluids and other similar technologies. A device for ultrasonic emulsification is known (Japanese application 62-58375, class B 01 F 11/02, published in 1987), consisting of a vibrator with pads, one of which is made integral with a concentrator with an axial hole. The disadvantages of this device include low productivity, low quality of the resulting emulsion and high energy costs as a result of low electroacoustic efficiency. The closest in technical essence is a device for ultrasonic treatment of liquids (RF Patent 2061537, class B 01 F 11/02, publ. 06/16/96), containing a piezoelectric transducer (vibrator) connected to the generator, reinforced with an axial hole, with two symmetrically and coaxially located concentrators, made in one piece with linings and axial holes with baffles at the outlet ends and holes in them. The disadvantages of this device, although to a lesser extent, are characteristic of the previous analogue. The main positive effect of the proposed invention is a significant improvement in the cavitation treatment of the fluid flowing through the vibrator and the improvement of the energy performance of the device, as well as the possibility of cavitation treatment of the liquid heated to high temperatures. Positive effects are achieved by the fact that all fluid flowing through the vibrator flows at least four times over the initiating surface of the vibrator and near hard surfaces , as well as by increasing the active component of the radiation resistance and optimal matching of the vibrator with the load. In some modifications of the proposed device, an additional positive effect is achieved by passing the processed liquid through two focal spots at the input and output of the device and two half-wave resonators, as well as due to the double additional imposition of high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations on the processed liquid and thermal insulation of piezoelectric ceramics from the hot liquid flowing through the vibrator. The proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty", tk. is not described anywhere, and the criterion "significant differences", tk. does not follow directly from the state of the art in ultrasound technology. The claimed device is technically feasible, tk. has been manufactured and tested. The proposed invention is shown in various modifications in figure 1 - 7. Figure 1 shows the basic basic version with four cavitation zones and a detailed description of the basic oscillatory system. Figure 2 shows a modification of the basic version with two focusing devices. Fig. 3 shows a close-up view of the arrangement of slotted and annular gaps in relation to the modification in Fig. 2. Figure 4 shows a modification of the basic version with two half-wave resonators, two high-frequency emitters on the end surfaces, four sound-transparent diaphragms with grooves on the working surfaces in the form of an Archimedes spiral and using a cavitation activator. FIG. 5 shows a modification with high-frequency emitters located inside the concentrators. Figure 6 shows a modification for the cavitation treatment of a hot liquid. Figure 7 shows a modification for cavitation treatment of a hot liquid with half-wave nozzles and eight cavitation zones. The device is (see Fig. 1) connected to a generator (not shown in Fig. 1) an ultrasonic transducer (vibrator) with pads made integral with the concentrators 1, arranged symmetrically and coaxially (for example, stepped), with a variable internal section and reinforced (tightened) with a pin 2 with an axial hole 3, which has a continuation on the axis of the concentrators 1; working piezoceramic washers 4 and piezoceramic washers of electroacoustic feedback 5 are collected in a package on a hairpin 2 and are isolated from it by an insulating sleeve 6 with conductive electrodes - radiators 7; resonant membranes 8 with flow holes 9 on their lateral surface at the level of the inner flat surface of the membranes 8 are acoustically rigidly and detachably fixed at the outlet ends of the concentrators 1 and form between the lateral surface of the resonant membranes 8 and the inner surface of the glasses 10 fixed in the nodal plane of the concentrators 1, annular gaps 11; sound-transparent (for example, thin plastic) diaphragms 12 with axial holes 13, located parallel to the resonance membranes 8, form slotted gaps 14. The piezoceramic package 4 and 5 is protected by a casing 15. The tightness of the structure is ensured by sealing rubber rings 16. The processed liquid enters and leaves the device through the fittings 17. FIG. 2 on glasses 10, focusing devices 18 are coaxially and symmetrically fixed in the form of paraboloids of revolution, forming focal spots 19 at the input and output of the device. This modification uses sound-transparent diaphragms 12 on both sides of the resonant membrane 8, as shown in close-up in FIG. 3. In Fig. 4, the internal volume of the concentrators 1 and half-wave resonators 20 is filled with a cavitation activator 21 (for example, a metal mesh - shown in dashed lines). On the end surfaces of the glasses 10 are acoustically rigidly fixed high-frequency ultrasonic emitters 22 connected to the generator (not shown in FIG. 4 conventionally). In this modification, the sound-transparent diaphragms 12 are made on the working side (facing the membrane 8) in the form of a flat spiral recess (Archimedes' spiral). FIG. 5 high-frequency emitters 22 are acoustically decoupled and located inside the concentrators 1 and fixed on tubes 23 screwed into a pin 2. Holes 24 are provided to supply wires to the high-frequency emitters 22. In Fig. 6, thermal insulation of piezoelectric ceramics 4 from the hot liquid flowing through the vibrator is achieved using through tube 25, on which reflectors 26 made of acoustically rigid material are sealed at both ends. The tightness of the fastening of the reflectors and their acoustic decoupling from the concentrators 1 is ensured by rubber rings 27. FIG. 7 shows a modification of the previous version (see Fig. 6), using eight cavitation zones using two half-wave cylindrical nozzles 28 and four resonance membranes 8, acoustically rigidly fixed at the ends of the nozzles. In this case, the half-wave nozzles 28 are screwed onto the resonant membranes 8, and the annular gaps 11 are formed by means of couplings 29 tightened with union nuts 30 and sealed with rubber rings 31. Working position all modifications - vertical. In this case, the processed liquid flows through the vibrator from bottom to top so that the bubbles formed during cavitation do not accumulate inside the vibrator. The device works as follows. The generator (conventionally not shown) generates electrical vibrations of the resonant frequency for the vibrator, which are fed to the working washers of the piezoceramic 4, where they are converted into mechanical vibrations. These vibrations are converted into electrical vibrations with the help of piezoceramic washers of electroacoustic feedback 5 and fed to the generator for phase-locked loop resonance frequency of the vibrator. The mechanical vibrations generated by the piezoelectric ceramics 4 are amplified by the concentrators 1 and fed to the resonant membranes 8, loaded with the processed liquid from both sides. In this case, at the resonant frequency, mechanical vibrations are additionally amplified in proportion to the mechanical Q-factor of the membranes 8. As a result, the initial mechanical vibrations of piezoelectric ceramics 4 are amplified many times (depending on the load) and make it possible to almost completely match the load (the processed liquid) with the vibrator, which makes it possible to raise the electroacoustic efficiency of the entire oscillatory system to a value close to 100%. Almost complete matching of the vibrator with the load is also achieved because the wave size ka of membranes 8 loaded on both sides (oscillating piston mode without a screen) is chosen such that the relative active resistance reaches the maximum possible values ​​exceeding 1.2 (see L V. Orlov, A. A. Shabrov. Calculation and design of antennas of hydroacoustic fish-finding stations. - M .: Food industry , 1974, p. 127, fig. 61, curve 5). The processed liquid enters the vibrator from the bottom through the inlet fitting 17 and flows through the lower slotted gap 14 and further through the annular gap 11, the passage holes 9 and the upper slotted gap 14, flowing out through the axial hole 13 in the diaphragm 12. The flow path of the processed fluid is shown by bold arrows on Fig. 3 on an enlarged scale. In this case, the processed liquid flows, almost continuously in contact with the solid initiating surface of the resonance membranes 8 and in the immediate vicinity of the solid surfaces of the glass 10 and the diaphragm 12, which provides the maximum possible cavitation effect. Further, the processed liquid flows inside the vibrator along the axial hole of the lower concentrator 1, the axial hole of the pin 2, the axial hole of the upper concentrator 1 and further, as described above, but in the reverse order. Thus, the processed liquid sequentially flows through four cavitation zones along the initiating surface and near the solid boundaries, which ensures its high-quality cavitation treatment, which is complemented by the effect of cavitation as it flows in the inner volume of the vibrator. The above-described process of cavitation treatment of a flowing liquid can be significantly enhanced (see Fig. 2) if, due to focusing devices 18, powerful focal spots 19 are created at the inlet and outlet of the disperser. In this case, the slotted gaps 14 (see Fig. 3) are formed by sound-transparent diaphragms 12 on both sides of the resonant membranes 8. It is known that the process of ultrasonic emulsification can be significantly improved if it occurs on a solid surface and at high acoustic pressures (see. Ultrasound . Little encyclopedia. / Under the editorship of IP Golyamina. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1979, p. 393). Based on this, the inventive dispersant in the emulsifier mode can be made with an internal volume filled with an emulsification activator (for example, a metal mesh) and half-wave resonators, where the acoustic pressure is doubled. Such a design of a flow-through disperser is shown in Fig. 4, where the internal volume of the concentrators 1 and half-wave resonators 20 is filled with a cavitation activator 21. In this case, the processed liquid flowing through the disperser in the process of ultrasonic cavitation contacts the developed solid surface of the cavitation activator 21 in almost the entire internal volume of the vibrator , which allows you to significantly increase the concentration and quality of the emulsion. To give the emulsion a fine dispersion, which is very important when the emulsion is fed to diesel engines, high-frequency emitters 22 are provided in the disperser in Fig. 4, installed at the input and output ends of the vibrator (see Fundamentals of physics and technology of ultrasound. Tutorial for universities. - M.: graduate School, 1987, p. 177, fig. 9.1). The combined effect of acoustic vibrations of the ultrasonic (for example, 22 kHz) and high-frequency (for example, 300 kHz) range in half-wave resonators (at low frequency), where the acoustic pressure doubles, allows to obtain a high-quality (monodisperse and finely dispersed) and saturated emulsion, which has maximum stability ... A simplified version of an ultrasonic dispersant in emulsification mode is shown in FIG. 5. In this device, the internal volume of the processed liquid is minimized, which is fundamentally important when installing these devices on diesel engines. trucks and buses, because before shutting off the engine for a long time, it is necessary to transfer its power supply to clean fuel so that the emulsion does not settle during the parking time and water does not appear in the non-dispersed phase, which is unacceptable for diesel fuel equipment. This requires a delay in time until the entire remainder of the emulsion in the fuel lines is consumed, the amount of which is also determined by the internal volume of the dispersant. The operating conditions of such diesel engines (ingress of water and dirt) make it necessary to install high-frequency emitters 22 on the inner side of the resonant membrane 8 and pass the processed liquid inside the vibrator through pipes 23. In this case, the internal slot gap 14 is made half-wave at high frequency to reduce the load on high-frequency emitters 22 and doubling the acoustic pressure at high frequency in the slotted gap 14. Heavy fuel is used to power the marine diesel engines, CHP furnaces and boiler houses, which is heated to temperatures close to 100 ° C to improve atomization. In these cases, the ultrasonic disperser shown in FIG. .6, where a through tube 25 with reflectors 26 at the ends sealed with rubber O-rings 27 is used for thermal insulation of piezoceramics from hot fuel. This design protects piezoceramics 4 from the threat of overheating and depolarization. In some cases, when extremely heavy fuels are used, simple processing is not enough for their homogenization and emulsion, as in Fig. 6. In such cases, the device shown in FIG. 7, where the processed liquid passes sequentially through eight cavitation zones with a delay in each cavitation zone (slotted gap 14) due to the flow of the processed liquid through depressions in the form of an Archimedes spiral. This device uses two half-wave cylindrical nozzles 28, which form a single vibrating system with the vibrator. The processed liquid in this device flows through the tubes 25 through eight slotted gaps, flowing from the vibrator to the nozzles 28 (and vice versa) through the annular gaps 11 formed by couplings 29 with clamping nuts 30. The tightness of such a connection is ensured by rubber sealing rings 31. This dispersant is very promising in the cracking process in primary oil refining to increase the yield of light fuels. It is obvious that the above-described options for flow-type ultrasonic dispersers do not exhaust the entire range of possible combinations of their designs. This new field of ultrasonic technology is just beginning to develop and holds great promise in a wide variety of industries.

Claim

1. Ultrasonic disperser of a flow-through type, containing a piezoelectric transducer, reinforced with a pin with an axial hole, with two symmetrically and coaxially located concentrators, manufactured in one piece with linings and axial holes, characterized in that the concentrators are made with a variable internal section, at the outlet ends of the concentrators it is detachable and acoustically the resonant membranes are rigidly fixed, near which and parallel to them are formed slotted gaps, and on the lateral surface of the resonant membranes at the level of their flat inner surface there are concentric flow holes opening into the annular gaps. 2. The ultrasonic disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that the slit gaps on both working surfaces of the resonant membranes are made using sound-transparent diaphragms with axial holes located near the working planes of the resonant membranes and parallel to them. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the slotted gaps are formed using acoustically rigid reflectors, acoustically decoupled from the concentrators and hermetically fixed at the ends of the axial tubes for the flow of the processed liquid. The ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the slotted gaps are formed by high-frequency ultrasonic emitters, hermetically fixed at the ends of the axial tubes for the flow of the processed liquid and acoustically decoupled from the concentrators. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that the free spaces inside the vibrating system are filled with a cavitation activator. An ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the surface of the sound-transparent diaphragms or reflectors on the side of the resonant membranes is made in the form of a flat spiral groove from the center to the periphery. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that focusing devices with reflectors in the form of paraboloids of revolution and focal spots located near the inlet and outlet openings are arranged coaxially and symmetrically at the inlet and outlet of the piezoelectric transducer. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 3, characterized in that cylindrical half-wave nozzles with resonant membranes at the ends, axial tubes and reflectors equipped with transition couplings for the flow of the processed liquid are acoustically rigidly and coaxially fixed at the inlet and outlet of the piezoelectric transducer. Ultrasonic disperser according to claim 2, characterized in that half-wave resonators are located at the input and output of the device.

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General information

Ultrasonic dispersers of the UZD series are designed for dispersing, emulsifying, intensifying dissolution and other physicochemical processes; cleaning and degreasing products of precision mechanics, optics, dishes, medical instruments, jewelry, items of clothing, etc .; extracting medicinal substances from raw materials of plant and animal origin without heating it; preparation of objects from crystalline, powdery, fibrous and other substances and their application to a substrate film using the electron microscopic method of research in biology, chemistry, medicine, mineralogy, metal science and other fields of science and technology; bactericidal (pre-sterilization) treatment of liquid and objects immersed in it; experimental work on the study of the effect of ultrasound on various processes.
Ultrasonic dispersants can be used in the automotive, aviation, electronics, watchmaking, jewelry, pharmaceutical, instrument-making, metallurgical, electrical and other industries, as well as in archeology, medicine and agriculture. They have a number of advantages over traditional methods and allow: to minimize the use manual labor; reduce the time of such processes as extraction, dispersion, purification, chemical reactions; carry out cleaning and degreasing without the use of organic solvents; clean hard-to-reach areas of products and remove all types of contamination.

Symbol structure

UZD-X X / 22 UHL4:
UZD - ultrasonic disperser;
X - modification number;
X is the electric power supplied to the emitter, kW;
22 - operating frequency, kHz;
UHL4 - climatic version and placement category according to GOST
15150-69.

Operating conditions

Ambient temperature from 10 to 35 ° С.
Relative air humidity up to 80% at a temperature of 25 ° С.
Environment free of acid vapors, alkalis and conductive dust, which corrode metal parts and destroy electrical insulation.
The safety conditions for the operation of the disperser must be ensured by the consumer enterprise in accordance with the current "Safety Regulations for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations".

Specifications

The main technical data are shown in the table.

Parameter name Parameter value for type dispersants
UZD1-0,063 / 22 UZD1-0.1 / 22 UZD1-0.4 / 22 UZD1-1.0 / 22 UZD1-1.6 / 22 UZD1-4.0 / 22

Power supplied to the emitter, kW

 0,063 0,1 0,4 1,0 1,6 4,0

Power consumed from the network, VA, no more

 100 120 850 2000 3200 7600

Supply voltage, V

 220 220/380

Current frequency, Hz

 50

Working frequency, kHz

 22
0,5 3 5 8 15

The warranty period is 1 year from the date the dispersant is put into operation. The warranty applies to the equipment provided that the user observes the operating conditions.

An ultrasonic disperser (Fig. 1-6) consists of an ultrasonic transistor generator and an oscillatory system based on either a piezoceramic transducer (UZD1-0.063 / 22, UZD1-0.1 / 22), or a magnetostrictive (UZD1-0.4 / 22 , UZD1-1.0 / 22, UZD1-1.6 / 22).

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD1-0.063 / 22

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD1-0.1 / 22

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD-0.4 / 22

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD1-1.0 / 22

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD1-1.6 / 22

General view and overall dimensions of the ultrasonic disperser UZD1-4.0 / 22
The principle of operation is the same for all dispersants. Having installed the oscillating system on a tripod or holding it in the hand, the output end of its emitting waveguide is immersed in the liquid to be processed.
When the mains switch is turned on, the supply voltage is supplied to the ultrasonic generator, which converts electrical energy industrial frequency into ultrasonic energy. The oscillatory system, in turn, converts this energy into mechanical energy and transfers it through a radiating waveguide to the liquid. Mechanical energy propagating in a liquid medium causes a cavitation process in the latter, accompanied by the formation and "collapse" of cavitation bubbles, as well as intense liquid flows, which in turn ensures effective mixing of the technological medium.
At the request of the customer, ultrasonic dispersers can be equipped with an autonomous water cooling system and a stand. The delivery set includes: an ultrasonic generator, an oscillatory system, a set of spare parts, a set of operational documentation.

Ultrasonic Disperser flow-through type can be used for homogenization of liquid mixtures, heavy fuels, milk, preparation of food emulsions, suspensions, etc. It can significantly increase the cavitation treatment of liquids, and also have good energy performance. In addition, the flow-through disperser can be successfully used for cavitation treatment of hot liquids.

Ultrasonic disperser - what does it consist of?

Such an installation consists of piezo transducer with overlays, resonant membranes, focusing systems, cavitation activators, half-wave nozzles and additional high-frequency emitters.

The essence of the work ultrasonic disperser flow-through type is reduced to the following. All the processed liquid flows at least four times over the initiating surface of the vibrator and near hard surfaces. The active component of the radiation is intentionally increased, and the vibrator itself is optimally matched to the load.

Models are also known in which additional positive effects can be achieved due to the passage of the working fluid through two focal spots, which are located at the input and output of the device, as well as through two half-wave resonators. Other features that can improve the efficiency of the operation ultrasonic disperser flow-through type, are double superposition of high-frequency sound vibrations on the working medium and thermal insulation of the vibrator with piezoelectric ceramics of hot liquid.

 

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