How to calculate the square of the warehouse. Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse and place of storage for various types of products

The organization of warehouse operations in spacious angry rooms is often produced by a storekeeper, which rarely has a logistic education. With increasing turnover, problems are increasing problems with the placement of goods, to solve which helps planning the warehouse area and the calculation of its technological zones.

Stages of warehouse project planning

Planning for lease of warehouse space has a number of stages:

Determination of the need for area.
Development of the arrangement of loading and unloading places, determining the need for them.
Calculation of the technological zones of the warehouse.
Development of warehouse technology and the design of racks.
Selection of technological equipment.
Determination of the need for staff.
Evaluation of various project options based on the available budget.

Modern storage facilities are often located in the old Soviet buildings of the angar type. The buildings were designed with the reserve of the square and were used mainly to distribute limited product categories.

Now, many Soviet warehouses are rented by several companies, which makes their owners reformat warehouse zones, taking into account client needs. The reconstruction of such premises should be started with the definition of the need for loading and unloading points and the calculation of technological zones, based on the planned turnover of goods.

Requirements for the planning of work zones in stock

When designing storage areas, many parameters are taken into account: the magnitude of the cargo flow, the height of the room, the pitch of the columns, the type of stored products and others.

There are general requirements affecting the construction of a new warehouse or reconstruction of the existing:

The planning of working areas should take into account the possibilities of existing equipment and warehouse equipment.
The area itself of the warehouse zone should be 2 times the size of the rest of the premises.
When storing grocery products, it is necessary to take into account the need for climatic equipment.
The design of the roof should provide for minimum partitions and columns.
The height of the ceilings must correspond to the parameters of the loading machinery and stored products.

The correct layout makes it possible to use human and technological resources with the smallest costs, saving the company's money and ensuring high speed of workflows. The correct calculation of technological zones during the lack of warehouse space can increase the profit of the enterprise by 60-70%.

Technological Zones Warehouses

Warehouse rooms are divided into such sections:

Zone unloading goods. The plot must have a gate, ramps for unloading products. Before the gate should be space for the entrance and reversal of transport. Here is also the primary unpacking of the goods.
The zone of the receiving expedition. This section checks the characteristics of the product, making data into the accounting system, drawing marks to separate warehouse units. It is desirable to allocate in the receiving expedition of the area for warehousing unloaded during non-working time and unfairted goods.
Product placement area. Here are installed racks and racks for the goods, create the necessary microclimate.
Arm and passages. They enter the general storage area of \u200b\u200bgoods and make up about 40% of the entire storage area. The width of technological passages should provide a turn of loading transport.
Configuration and control zone (shipping expedition). In this area there is a check of compliance with shipping documents prepared for shipment. Here is the equipment package for individual orders.
Packaging zone. Usually under the process of packaging the goods are given a small area. Product specificity may not imply the presence of this site.
Shipment zone. Similarly, the unloading zone, it must be equipped with a gate and ramps and have an outdoor platform for turning vehicles.
Office rooms. Used for household needs, staff work, stuffing equipment, etc.

The specificity of storage products can affect the distribution of areas between the listed zones. Some areas may be absent or combined on the same platform. Systems of trade and warehousing automation systems have great help. They reduce the need for product control and other operations with it.

High-tech warehouse business in the post-Soviet space develops recently, so when planning it, you can take into account the experience of already implemented projects. Typical schemes for the arrangement of technological zones are developed, on the basis of which you can equip your own storage facilities.

Planning Zone Unloading / Shipment

Zones of unloading and shipment of goods have identical characteristics and can be located within one site. If 10 gates are located on a single ramp of the warehouse, then the part is allocated under the unloading of goods, and the part is under shipment.

The main parameters of the unloading / shipment zones are:

number of gates and access ramp;
land area.

The bandwidth of the warehouse is its main characteristic. You can change it either by optimizing the internal workspace, or by adding the items of receiving goods.

When planning a warehouse rental, first determines the need for gates and accessible places for transport.

Additionally, the area of \u200b\u200bthe unloading zone is calculated.

Similarly, the required area of \u200b\u200bthe shipping zone is calculated.

The organization of the work of warehouse loading and unloading zones has a number of features:

The number of gates and entrances may differ, especially in warehouses of companies operating in the field of small-pool distribution.
With a large number of gates, transport markup is used, because in the moments of the peak load on one route several loaders can work.
Designing an acceptance zone occurs with a technological reserve so that there are no problems when changing the stored products or the magnitude of the cargo flow.
With a small cargo flow, it is advisable to combine the unloading and receiving expedition site.
It is desirable to have a zone of receiving-issuing goods inside the warehouse so that the weather factors do not affect the workflow.

The reception zones and shipping can be located from various sides of the warehouse, depending on the availability of space for the entrance of the transport.

Loading and unloading sites are closely related to the functional with the expeditionary services, which must control and take into account the receipt and shipment of TMC in the information bases.

Warehouse Brain - Transport Expedition

Warehouse transportation expedition carries out check, marking and accounting supplied and shipped products. Two separate areas can be organized for processing the incoming and outgoing flow of goods.

According to the Law 54-ФЗ, business entities are obliged to account for sales of products through fiscal data operators. To fulfill the requirements of the law, the enterprise can buy an online cashier and integrate it into the POS-System of the shipping expedition. Automation of cargo turnover by introducing a barcode system significantly accelerates the search for the desired commodity unit and reduces the likelihood of auction.

The basic formula for calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe transport expedition is displayed in the figure.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe Expeditionary Zone affects the operation mode of the warehouse and the time of product supplies. If unloading occurs on weekends, the goods can be placed on the territory of this zone until the next working day. In such cases, its area must accommodate all the products obtained by open time. When designing the expedition zone, peak loads should be taken into account during the holidays.

Features of the storage area and the selection of goods

The organization of the storage area of \u200b\u200bgoods depends on its dimensions and characteristics. They are selected racks that must comply with a number of requirements:

ensure the most compact styling of products;
the dimensions and design of racks must correspond to the capabilities of the loaders;
provide convenient access to any batch of goods when styling and unloading;
take place to locate identifying tags.

The calculation of the storage area of \u200b\u200bgoods is made by the formula:

With a boxing method of selection of the goods, the location of the identifying tags must be within manual access.

Racks are the most problematic equipment of the warehouse, because their structure is planned under a certain type of product. When changing the range and packaging of goods, the replacement of structures for storage of products will require large financial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the area of \u200b\u200bstorage area and the parameters of the equipment located on it are still at the design and calculation of technological zones.

It is possible to increase the height of the storage at the expense of multi-level racks, but for the movement of the goods, in this case, special loading equipment will be required. In this method, you can increase the maximum amount of stored products by 2-3 times.

Transport and technological passage zone

The auxiliary area of \u200b\u200btravel and passages in the storage area of \u200b\u200bgoods depends on the used lifting equipment and dimensions of packaging products. The width of the transport alley should provide free passage and safe maneuvering of the maximum loaded loaders.

There are no generally applicable formulas for calculating the area of \u200b\u200btravel, but in most implemented projects it is 80-90% of the area occupied directly by cargoes. The size of the transport zone also has an influence of a column grid, with which you have to be considered when drawing a general scheme of the warehouse room.

Organization of control zones, configuration and packaging

The size of the configuration zone and control is measured not in relative values, but in absolute. With a pallet and boxing system, laying goods on one controller-aquer should have to 20-25 sq.m. Square of the warehouse. The need for the pockets themselves is planned based on the empirical measurements of the cargo stream, which is able to skip one employee through their hands.

The formation of the order greatly facilitates the automation of trade and storage with the help of POS systems, combined into a single software complex with online cash offices. This allows you to simultaneously fix information about the products shipped in accounting, warehouse and tax accounting.

The zone of packaging can be included in the configuration site or place separately. Its area is calculated based on the number of packers, product dimensions and the volume of goods that brought at a time of loading transport. The zone of packaging in the warehouse may be absent.

Effectively produce product packaging by the conveyor method, in which the formed freight units move along the tape into the shipment zone.

Organization of office space

The mandatory presence in the warehouse of premises with sanitary functions is not legally provided. The owner at its discretion allocates individual areas under economic needs.

Modern warehouses may have the following service areas:

bathroom;
playground sludge loading equipment;
rechargeable;
room of expedition staff, accounting, drivers, movers;
economic pantry.

If the warehouse works up to 5 people, then each of them should have 4-5 sq.m. Spaces, if more than 5 people - will be enough 3.25 sq.m. Square to employee.

A part of the office space can be made behind the warehouse, this is especially true of staff room, as technological noise negatively affects the efficiency of work.

The correct organization of warehouse technological zones performs the main task - allows you to minimize the rent per unit of turnover. The efficiency of warehouse operations also depends on the investment in software, technological transport and shelving equipment. Only a comprehensive analysis of material resources and technological norms will help make the work of the warehouse as fruitful as possible.

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This form of a lesson will tell about how to count warehouse. In the design of the buildingplan, a decisive role is played by a clear organization of the priest warehousing economy. For storage of sand, gravel, precast concrete, sawn timber I take an open warehouse. For storing binders, finishing materials, glass, plumbing equipment I take a closed warehouse.

It stores structures, semi-finished products, products and equipment.
Outdoor platform plannedis sealed and has a bias to remove atmospheric waters. Thus, the construction plan is a set of warehouses, cabins, engineering networks, mechanisms and an erected facility.
The number of materials to be stored in a warehouse should ensure the smoothness of supplying the construction of the building by all the necessary materials, structures and products in the desired quantity. Figure below shows the location on the construction site of warehouses of various types. Please note that only an open warehouse has a crane area, the remaining two are beyond its boundary.

Calculation of warehouses We produce in the following sequence:
2. Determine the material stock.Qclad \u003d qsk * T * k1 * k2 / tc, where
QSK. - the amount of material used;
N-standard reserve in days, depending on the state of the roads, the type of vehicles;
K1-coefficient of uneven consumption of materials K1 \u003d 1.2, taking into account high labor productivity
The K2-coefficient of unevenness of the receipt of materials on the warehouse K2 \u003d 1.1, depending on the remoteness of plant suppliers of building materials, as well as the type of transport

Determine square Square At the construction site for each material.

FSC \u003d QSK / Q * KSK, where
KSK- The coefficient of use of the warehouse area, taking into account the passages and passages.
Q.sC -the amount of material to be stored in stock
q. - regulatory amount of material placed on 1m2 warehouse area.
Initial data and calculations for each material we are reduced to the table

Considency of the consumption of major building materials
	name of materials	measureer	days of work	days of stock	storage rate	square Square	type of warehouse
	foundation block						open
	plates of overlaps						open
							open
							open

	ceramic tile
	window and Door Blocks
	paints, varnish						closed

Type of warehouse	Calculated area	Adopted Square	sizes of the warehouse
open warehouse

closed warehouse

So we found square of all types of warehouses, they accepted their dimensions that will be enough for temporary storage of materials, taking into account their development and receipt of new ones.

Defining Square

The material values \u200b\u200bsurrounded by accounting must be kept somewhere until they need to produce products. Storage location call warehouse . Warehouses may be of different shapes and construct from different materials, take a different area (volume). From the size of the warehouse depends on the one hand, the possibility of placing admitted material resources, on the other hand, the cost of its construction, depreciation (or rent) and maintenance.

Total warehouse area Conditionally divided into four parts:

1) a useful area directly occupied by storage material resources;

2) Acceptance area on which acceptance and vacation platforms are located;

3) Service Square for Warehouse Management Services;

4) Auxiliary area, occupied by travel and passages.

Useful warehouse area Determine in two ways.

The first method is ¾ load calculation by 1 m 2 floor area(f. FLOOR). It uses the formula

f. Paul \u003d s total: S, (9.2)

where is common ¾ total amount of material resource;

s ¾ Load at 1 m 2 floor area, and the value S has different values \u200b\u200bdepending on the purpose of the warehouse and the type of stored material reserves (Table 9.1).

Table 9.1.

The value of magnitudes. for various warehouses

The second method ¾ use of the volume filling coefficient ( q. ABOUT). The capacity of any equipment for storing materials (cells, racks) is determined by the formula

q. About \u003d. V. About GB, (9.3)

where V. ABOUT ¾ geometric volume of appropriate equipment;

g ¾ share of the material resource;

b ¾ Filling out volume (laying density).

Knowing the amount of material reserve to be stored (s total), you can determine the required amount of equipment (cells, racks, etc.) ( n.) according to the formula

n. \u003d S total: q. ABOUT. (9.4)

Then the useful warehouse area is calculated ( f. Floor) by formula

f. Paul \u003d DSh. n. (9.5)

where D. ¾ the length of the appropriate equipment for storing material resources;

sh ¾ width of equipment.

Area for acceptance and vacation sites ( f. Pr) is calculated by the formula

f. Pr \u003d ( Q. Pos kt.): (360s 1), (9.6)

where Q. Pos ¾ annual receipt of material resources;

k. ¾ coefficient of unevenness of the receipt of the material resource to the warehouse (varies from 1.2 to 1.5);

t. ¾ number of days of finding a material resource at the drive site;

s 1 ¾ Load per 1 m 2 area (received 0.25 from the average load on 1 m 2 of the useful SC in the warehouse).

Next calculation ¾ is service Square . It is determined depending on the number of employees. Under the state of the warehouse to three employees, the area of \u200b\u200bservice premises is taken equal to 5 m 2 per person; under the state of three ¾ five people ¾ 4 m 2; under the state of more than five people ¾ 3.25 m 2.

After that, the auxiliary area is calculated. It is formed by passages for lifting vehicles and passages for workers. Placement of travel and passes is scheduled in the figure with a warehouse scheme. Travel width (w) for two vehicles is determined by the formula

Sh \u003d 2B + 3C, (9.7)

where in ¾ vehicle width;

With ¾ width of the gaps between vehicles and between them and racks on both sides of the passage.

By setting the length of travel and passages and their width, you can calculate the overall auxiliary area.

The sum of the four components will give the value of the overall area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse for storing material resources.

The warehouse is a special place for storing stocks and materials.

Methods for calculating the total area of \u200b\u200bthe commercial warehouse.

All storage space consists of two parts: areas used and unused for storage. When planning it should be borne in mind that the most rational is the ratio of these areas, equal to 2: 1.

The total area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse can be calculated by the formula:

S. common \u003d S. g. + S. pm + S. etc + S. kM + S. r.M. + S. p.E. + S. o.E. ,

Consider the procedure for calculating the values \u200b\u200bincluded in the formula.

1. Determination of freight area:

SGR \u003d Q * W * KN / 254 * CV * Kigo * n,

where: Q is the forecast of the annual turnover, rub. / year; S is the forecast of the magnitude of the commodity reserves (average stock), turnover days; KN - the uneven coefficient of the warehouse loading; KIGO - the utilization of the freight volume of the warehouse; CV - average cost of one cubic meter stored in stock goods, rub. / M3; H -The highway laying goods for storage, m; 254 - the number of working days a year.

KN \u003d GMA / GHSR,

GMA-cargo turnover maximum; GHR freight turnover.

KIGO \u003d VPOL / SOB * H,

where: VPL - the volume of goods in the package, which can be laid on this equipment throughout its height, m3; Sob-area, which occupies the projection of external contours of the carrier equipment to the horizontal plane, M2; H- Height of laying cargo, m.

2. Passion and travel area (SVP)

The size of the area of \u200b\u200bpassages and travel is determined after the adoption of the variant of mechanization and depends on the type of lifting vehicles used in the technological process. If the width of the working corridor operating between the racks of the machines is equal to the width of the shelving equipment, then the area of \u200b\u200bpassages and travel will be equal to the cargo area or 90% of it.

3. Square of reception and acquisition sites (SPR and SKM)

where A2 is the share of goods passing through a plot of an acceptance of the warehouse,%, A3 - the proportion of goods to be acquired in stock,%, q - enlarged indicators of the calculated loads per 1 m2 in the sections of acceptance and picking, T / M2, TPR - - The number of days of finding goods on the section of acceptance, TKM - the number of days of finding goods on the recovery site, CP - the approximate value of 1t stored in the warehouse of goods.

4. Place of jobs Sr.M.

The workplace of the head of the warehouse in size of 12 m 2 is equipped near the recruitment site with the highest possible overview of the warehouse.

If the warehouse will be checked in the warehouse, the workplaces of the relevant personnel will equip near the reception area, but aside from the main cargo flows.

5. Square of acceptance expedition (SPE)

The acceptance expedition is organized to accommodate the goods received by inoperative time. Consequently, its area should allow to place such a number of goods that may arrive over the weekend. The size of the receiving expedition area is determined by the formula:

tPE- the number of days during which the goods will be in the acceptance expedition; CP - approximate value of 1t stored in a warehouse of goods; Q- Weight 1 m3, t / m2.

6. Square of the sending expedition (SOE)

The area of \u200b\u200bthe sending expedition is used to pick up the shipping batches. The size of the area is determined by the formula:

tOE - the number of days during which the goods will be in the sending expedition; CP - the approximate value of 1t stored in the warehouse of the goods;

The procedure for determining the need for cargo and warehouse area.

When making project decisions on new construction or reconstruction of existing (previously built) warehouses, it is necessary to determine the need for warehouse areas, as well as the capacity of warehouses. The calculation is performed as follows:

Formula needs in warehouses

where SN is the need for warehouse areas (warehouse capacity); N is the standard of warehouse space (warehouse capacity) per 1,000 rubles of the inventory; Q is the stock of goods to be stored at this warehouse.

Determination of the required cargo areacan be calculated using the following formula: Sn \u003d Q * k1 / k2 * h where S N.- required area for storage of goods, m 2; Q.- Required storage, m 3; K 1.- the coefficient of unevenness of the receipt of goods; K 2 - the coefficient of use of warehouse space; h -height of warehouses.

Commodity Warehouse Planning Operations

V. Lesnaya, Director of the Moscow Association of Commercial Warehouses

Square on commercial warehouses are usually divided into the premises of the main production and auxiliary. The first serve to fulfill the main technological operations, including the storage of goods, expedition and processing. Auxiliary premises are designed to store containers, placement of engineering devices and communications, as well as various services and other purposes. When drawing up a warehouse project, it is useful to know the functions that carry various zones, be able to optimize their parameters and location, determine the efficiency of work.

Warehouse Planning Requirements

Conditionally, the warehouse space can be divided into two main parts: areas directly used for storage of goods, and areas not used for storage. When planning a warehouse, it is recommended to maintain the ratio of these areas in the proportion of at least 2: 1.

Station of warehouses should provide the possibility of applying effective ways to place and laying storage units, the use of warehouse equipment and conditions for the complete safety of the goods. This principle of internal planning of the warehouse zones makes it possible to maintain the streaming and continuity of the warehouse technological process. To improve the operating conditions of lifting vehicles and mechanisms, it is necessary to strive to organize a single warehouse space, without partitions and with the maximum possible amount of columns or spans. The best option from this point of view is a single-span warehouse (not less than 24 m wide). The efficiency of the use of warehouse volume depends largely on the height of the storage, which should take into account the size of the transport units and approach the technological height of the warehouse.

The planning and structure of the warehouse premises is significantly affected by the maintenance of the technological process. At the design stage, the composition of the warehouse premises, proportions between individual rooms and their mutual location. Consider the planning of the commodity warehouse of common use as the most common type of warehouse.

Characteristics of the main storage areas

To perform technological operations for acceptance, storage and dispatch, the following main zones are allocated to buyers in warehouses:

the unloading zone of vehicles that can be located both inside and outdoors;
expetence acceptance of goods, including with operations for acceptance of products in quantity and quality;
the main storage area;
zone picking orders;
expedition of sending goods;
loading zone of vehicles, which is located outside the storage area and picking.

The listed warehouse area zones should be interconnected by passages and drives.

The unloading zone of vehicles should be adjusted to the expedition of the acceptance of the goods (the zone of acceptance of products in quantity and quality). Under the storage area of \u200b\u200bproducts, the bulk of the area is given. It consists of a territory occupied by storage units, and passenger area. The storage area should be adjusted for the acquisition zone of orders. This zone, in turn, should be placed next to the expedition to send storage units.

The unloading zone of the goods (on the scheme - railway ramp) is used for mechanized and manual unloading of vehicles, as well as for the removal of goods from the transport packaging, acceptance by number and short-term storage until the receipt of the acceptance of the goods.

The expedition acceptance of the goods (can be placed in a separate placement of the warehouse) serves to accept the goods by quantity and quality, keeping accounting for an incoming product, its temporary storage before transfer to the basic storage area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse.

At the site of preparation of the goods to storage (placed in the zone of acceptance of goods or in the main placement of the warehouse), there is a storage location. The goods in this zone may come from the expedition acceptance of goods and / or from the unloading site.

In the storage area (the main part of the main placement of the warehouse) performs operations for the storage of goods.

In the acquisition zone (it can be located in the main placement of the warehouse) the formation of transport units to consumers containing the required assortment of goods in accordance with orders is carried out.

The sending expedition is used to accept the goods by the freight forwarder (recipient of the commodity party), as well as for short-term storage prepared for shipment of freight units.

In the loading zone (on the circuit - car ramp), manual and / or mechanized loading of vehicles occurs.

Determination of the basic parameters of the warehouse

Total warehouse area

S total \u003d s floor + s VSP + S PR + S set + s SL + S PE + S OE

where S floor - Useful area, i.e. area occupied directly under the stored products (racks, stacks and other products for storing products), m 2;

S pm - auxiliary (operational) area, i.e., the area occupied by travel and passages, m 2;

S pr. - the area of \u200b\u200bthe reception site, m 2;

S compl - area of \u200b\u200bthe recruitment site, m 2;

S SL - area of \u200b\u200bjobs, i.e., the area in the premises of warehouses, allocated for workplaces of warehouse workers, m 2;

S PE - an area of \u200b\u200bacceptance expedition, m 2;

S OE - Square of the sending expedition, m 2.

With approximate calculations, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse S common , m 2, can be determined depending on the useful area S floor Through the use ratio:

S total \u003d s floor / α,

where α - the coefficient of use of the warehouse area (the proportion of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse); Depending on the type of stored goods, it is within 0.3 ... 0.6.

Useful warehouse area

S floor \u003d q max / q ext,

where Q Max - the maximum value of the established stock of products in the warehouse, T;

q additional - permissible load on 1 m 2 floor area warehouse, t / m 2.

The general formula for calculating the useful warehouse area has the form

S gr \u003d quzz N / (254С V to IHO N),

where Q. - forecast of annual turnover, rub. / Year;

Z. - forecast of product reserves, number of days of turnover;

To N. - the coefficient of uneven loading of the warehouse; It is defined as the ratio of the freight turnover of the most intense month to the average warehouse cargo turnover. In design calculations To N. Take 1.1 ... 1.3;

254 - the number of working days per year;

With V. - approximate cost of 1 m 3 packaged products stored in stock, rub. / M 3; It can be determined based on the cost of a cargo unit and its gross mass. Mass 1 m 3 of the stored in stock products can be determined by selective measurements conducted by the warehouse staff;

To Igo - The coefficient of use of the warehouse cargo volume, characterizes the density and height of the installation of goods (the technological meaning of the utility utilization coefficient of the warehouse To Igo It is that equipment, especially racking, cannot be fully filled with stored products. Practice shows that in the case of storage of products on pallets To Igo \u003d 0.64, when storing products without pallets To Igo = 0,67);

To igo \u003d v floor / (s about n);

V half - the volume of products in the package, which can be laid on this equipment throughout its height, M 3;

S Ob. - the area that the projection of the external contours of the carrier equipment on the horizontal plane, m 2;

N. - Height of styling products, m.

Values Q. and Z. Determine based on forecast calculations.

For products stored in cells, the useful warehouse area is determined through the required number of cells and racks by the formula

S gender \u003d s t chai

where S Art - area occupied by one rack, m 2;

N art - number of racks.

Useful warehouse area S floor With uneven flow of production, the warehouse is calculated by the formula of a minimum of total costs:

S cut s 1 + 365r k s 2 → min,

where S cut - Backup area, m 2;

S 1 - costs for 1 m 2 reserve area, rub. / M 2;

P K. - the probability of refusal to accept products;

S 2. - Losses for every day of failure in acceptance of products, rub.;

365 - The number of days a year.

Square of reception and picking sites

These areas are calculated on the basis of the integrated indicators of the calculated loads per 1 m 2 of the area in the reception sites and picking. In the general case, the design calculations proceed from the need to place on each square meter of reception sites and the acquisition of 1 m 3 products.

The required length of the front of the loading and unloading work (the length of the automotive and railway ramp) is calculated as follows:

L FR \u003d NL + (n - 1) L i,

where n. - the number of transport units simultaneously submitted to the warehouse;

l. - length of the transport unit, m;

l I. - distance between vehicles, m.

The area of \u200b\u200bacceptance and acquisition zones, m 2, define as

S pr \u003d q g k n a 2 t pr / (365 q additional · 100) + s in ;

S set \u003d q r k n a 3 t km / (254 q additional · 100),

where Q G.

K N. K N. = 1,2...1,5;

A 2. - share of products passing through a plot of a warehouse acceptance,%;

t Pr. - the number of days of finding products on the reception site;

254 - the number of working days per year;

365 - the number of days a year;

q additional - the estimated load on 1 m 2 of the area is taken equal to 0.25 average load per 1 m 2 of the warehouse area, T / M 2;

S B. - area required for weighing, sorting, etc., m 2; S B. \u003d 5 ... 10 m 2;

A 3. - the proportion of products to be acquired in stock,%;

t km - the number of days of finding products on the recruitment site;

In warehouses with a large volume of work, the zone of acceptance of acceptance and sending goods are arranged separately, and with a small amount of work - together. The size of the selling site is calculated in the same way. In calculations, it is necessary to initially lay some surplus areas on the reception site, since over time in stock, as a rule, a need for more intensive processing of incoming products appears. The minimum area of \u200b\u200bthe reception area should place such a number of products, which may arrive during non-working days.

Minimum Size of the Acceptance Expedition

S PE \u003d Q G T PE K N / (365 Q e),

where Q G. - annual receipt of products, t;

t PE - the number of days during which the products will be in an acceptance expedition;

K N. - the coefficient of unevenness of production to the warehouse, K N. = 1,2...1,5;

q E. - Enlarged indicator of the calculated loads per 1 m 2 in the expeditionary premises, T / m 2.

The minimum area of \u200b\u200bthe sending expedition should allow performing work on the acquisition and storage of averaged number of shipping parties. It is defined as

S oe \u003d q g t oe k n / (254 q e),

where t OE - The number of days during which the products will be in the sending expedition.

The size of the passages and travel in warehouses is determined depending on the dimensions of the stored products and lifting vehicles, as well as the size of the cargo turnover. If the width of the working corridor of machines running between racks is equal to the width of the shelving equipment, then the area of \u200b\u200bthe passages and travel will be equal to the cargo area. Fare width, see,

A \u003d 2b + 3c,

where B. - Width of the vehicle, see;

C. - Width of the gaps between the vehicles themselves and between them and racks on both sides of the passage (taken equal to 15 ... 20 cm).

In absolute values, the width of the main passages (passes) is taken from 1.5 to 4.5 m, the width of the side travel (passes) is from 0.7 to 1.5 m. The height of warehouses from the floor level to the delay of farms or rafters is usually From 3.5 to 5.5 m in multi-storey buildings and up to 18 m - in single-storey.

Calculation of auxiliary area

The area of \u200b\u200bthe warehouse is calculated depending on the number of operating. Under the state of the warehouse to three employees the area of \u200b\u200bthe office is determined based on the fact that each person accounts for 5 m 2; from 3 to 5 people - 4 m 2; under the state of more than five employees - 3.25 m 2. Workplace of the warehouse (area 12 m 2) is recommended to be located near the recruitment site so that it is possible to maximize the warehouse review. If the warehouse is planned to check the quality of the stored products, then the workplaces responsible for this personnel are recommended to equip near the reception site, but aside from the main cargo flows.

These indicators allow you to determine how efficiently the storage space is used when applying specific types of warehouse equipment.

The coefficient of useful area used

K s \u003d s floor / s OS .

where S floor

S O.S. - Total warehouse area, m 2.

This parameter, depending on the type of warehouse, its layout, used equipment and other factors can be from 0.25 to 0.6. The more these numbers, the more efficiently used storage space. The efficiency of using the capacity of the warehouse can be determined by calculating the utility utilization factor K S. . Depending on the method of storage of goods and the nature of the goods, this indicator may take values \u200b\u200bfrom 0.3 to 0.5 and is calculated as the ratio of the volume of racks and stacks with goods to the general warehouse volume:

K s \u003d V floor / V O.S. \u003d S floor H SL / (S O.S. H O.S.),

where V half - part of the volume of the warehouse occupied by the equipment on which the products are stored, M 3;

S floor - Useful warehouse area, m 2;

V O.S. - total warehouse, m 3;

h SKL - Height of the warehouse premises used for storage of products, m;

S O.S. - total warehouse area, m 2;

h O.S. - Height of the warehouse, m.

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