Tourism structure. Tourism management The structure of tourism management at the federal level

  1. Development tourism in the Leningrad region

    Thesis \u003e\u003e Physical education and sports

    ... , "ABOUT tourist activities in subject Russian Federation "," On support development tourism "," About development internal and ... organs government at all levels: 1. Organize work to improve tourist legislation RF and subjects ...

  2. Formation features tourist market of the Sverdlovsk region

    Thesis \u003e\u003e Physical education and sports

    Structures of the regional (municipal) program development tourism subject RF recommended by the Federal Agency for ..., objects of pilgrim tourism. Lack of organs management tourist activities at the level of the vast majority of municipal ...

  3. Legal support tourist activities (2)

    Coursework \u003e\u003e Physical Education and Sports

    To the uncivilized development tourist market. The state should promote development tourist activities and create ... with bodies management special economic zones implementation agreement tourist-recreational activities OK...

  4. Government regulation tourist activities (1)

    Abstract \u003e\u003e Physical culture and sports

    Established by law RF... Coordination tourist activities in RF implements federal organ executive power... development tourist industry. Although many programs have declared that for development tourism and effective management ...

  5. Legal support tourist activities (3)

    Examination \u003e\u003e Physical culture and sports

    Local regulations organs government and management obligatory for all ... regional (municipal) programs development tourism subject Russian Federation "from ... 10 of the Law on the basics tourist activities in RF: Each side ...

The system of organizing tourism management in Russia at the federal and regional levels.

Tourism, like any industry, requires regulation: tourism management is an important area of \u200b\u200bactivity that helps to achieve the best result.

The main goal is, first of all, the economic effect, not only for the components of the sphere, but also for the region as a whole.

Russian tourism management looks like this:

1) The president is at the head of any sphere and industry.

2) He carries out direct interaction with the Council for Culture and Arts under the President of the Russian Federation, and indirect ties - with the Government of the Russian Federation and legislative bodies.

3) The above Council is directly related to the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The Government of the Russian Federation and the Committees of the State Duma on culture and legislation in the field of tourism are indirectly connected with it.

4) The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which regulates tourism, has indirect or methodological ties with the state, social and private sectors.

5) In the public sector, there are Tourism Committees of the administrations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are directly related to the tourist organizations of the regions.

6) The committees for tourism of the administrations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have direct links with the committees and commissions in the legislative bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In the state regulation of tourism, there are two levels - federal and regional (the level of the subject of the Federation). Both the first and the second levels use different forms and methods of regulation. However, some forms and methods are inherent in only one level, which is predetermined by the division of powers in this area between the federal center and the regions. The support of the subjects of the tourism sector on the part of the state authorities (state) can be direct and indirect. For example, the issuance of a state loan to a travel industry enterprise is its direct support, and the training of personnel for such enterprises in state educational institutions is indirect support.

In Russia there are:

Russian Association of Travel Agencies;

All-Russian People's Tourist Society

Russian Hotel Association, etc.

The main tasks that any tourism management bodies are called upon to solve are to support the stability of the economy, increase the indicators of the tourism industry, and increase the amount of incoming foreign currency.

The methods of state regulation of tourism are disclosed in sufficient detail in the Federal Law, a number of laws of the constituent entities of the Federation and scientific literature on this issue.

Since regulation is one of the management functions, it is carried out by the executive authorities in the field of tourism. At the federal level, such a body is the Federal Agency for Tourism (Rostourism). The subjects of the Federation themselves establish the bodies responsible for the tourism sector and their structure.

Depending on the scale of the tasks solved by means of tourism activities, in the constituent entities of the Federation, the government (administration) may have specialized committees, such as in Moscow and the Moscow region, or structural units as part of a multidisciplinary committee, such as the tourism department in The Committee for Physical Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Leningrad Region or the Department of Tourism in the Committee for Investments and Strategic Projects of St. Petersburg.

Tourist office

Forms of ownership

Travel agents and tour operators can have a variety of forms of ownership. They can be private, public, joint-stock companies - the essence of entrepreneurial activity and their market functions do not change from this.

Despite the fact that many firms, especially those operating in underdeveloped markets for tourism services, simultaneously perform both functions, i.e. there are agents who undertake the organization of travel, and tour operators who, to one extent or another, independently implement retail sales, one should distinguish between these two groups of business entities, since the retail agent is a retailer, and the tour operator is a manufacturer of a tourist product.

Depending on the nature of the activities carried out, the bureaus are classified into those engaged in tourism: domestic, international, departures and arrivals, services on the way.

The most common office model is:

Small (up to 6 people),

Organizes own trips abroad to a specific country or area,

Mediates the sale of offers from large travel agencies,

Organizes own trips within the country,

Mediates in the sale of domestic tourism packages of other bureaus or owners of the hotel base,

Mediates the sale of international bus tickets,

· Mediates in the sale of tickets for various sports, cultural, entertainment, etc. activity,

- on behalf of the client, deals with the registration of passport and visa formalities,

· Provides insurance.

Topic 2.2. Tourism management in the Republic of Belarus

The relevant authorities are dealing with tourism problems in Belarus. a kind of system of organizational and managerial measures for the development of tourism has developed and is constantly operating and improving in the republic.

Activities of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus

The main role belongs to the Ministry of Sports and Tourism, which is designed to create conditions for involvement in active tourism. He is entrusted with tasks related to planning and financing of mass tourism activities, economic support of this work, management of planned amateur tourism, as well as private issues (development and approval of classification routes, tourist trips, rules for conducting tourist events).

The Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus is the central governing body and is subordinate to the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. The Ministry is responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of physical culture, sports and tourism. In its activities, the ministry is guided by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.



The Ministry carries out its activities in cooperation with other ministries and departments, public health and fitness and sports associations, local executive and administrative bodies.

The main tasks include solving problems related to the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of tourism, the development of concepts aimed at improving this area, control over the organization of personnel policy, the implementation of research activities and innovations in the field of tourism services.

The ministry has the right to issue decrees, orders and instructions that are binding on other ministries and other central government bodies, local executive and administrative bodies, as well as legal entities and individuals; it has the right to represent the republic in the international arena, sign treaties and agreements in the field of tourism.

The ministry is headed by a minister, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Republic of Belarus. Currently, it is Oleg Leonidovich Kachan.

To consider the most important issues in the ministry, a collegium is formed consisting of the minister (chairman of the collegium), deputy ministers by office, as well as other employees of the ministry and subordinate organizations and institutions. The composition of the collegium is approved by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. The decisions of the board are implemented by orders of the minister.

The Republic of Belarus has a system of tourist agencies and organizations that covers all issues related to tourism. Its influence covers all labor and educational collectives. Its main tasks are to create maximum conditions for the mass involvement of people in active tourism.

Shulga Cheslav Kazimirovich - Deputy Minister of Sports and Tourism, in charge of tourism.

The unitary enterprise "National Agency for Tourism of the Republic of Belarus" was established by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism in September 2001 and is designed to provide service to participants in the tourism market. Today the agency's team employs 36 people, it is represented by the head office in Minsk and 5 branches in the regional centers.

Together with the UNESCO Bureau in Moscow, the national tourism agency supports the information project “Youth cultural and educational tourism in Belarus”.

The agency acts as a partner in the joint project Tempus ib-jep-23015-2002 "Creation of a center for retraining and advanced training of leaders and specialists of the tourism industry of the Republic of Belarus."

In many countries that are popular with tourists, there is a great responsibility.

It is the ministry that controls the activities of all firms, one way or another related to the organization of tourism, and provides this industry with a legislative framework. In Russia, these functions are performed by the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy. Its powers include: submitting draft federal laws to the Government of the Russian Federation, making decisions necessary for the development of various sports in the country, coordinating the implementation of projects related to the development of tourism in the country.

In addition, the Ministry is responsible for the distribution of funds aimed at the development of the tourism sector of the economy between the regions. In the process of allocating funds, the interests of not specific firms are taken into account, but the interests of the regions as a whole. In addition, an important task of the Ministry is to control the activities of organizations that operate in the field of tourism.

All activities of the Ministry of Tourism can be divided into two areas: internal and external. The internal activities primarily include the regulation and control of the activities of travel companies and other companies associated with the tourist flow to the country. This is especially true for those countries where income from tourists makes up a significant part of the budget. It is extremely important for these countries to create favorable conditions for guests, in particular, to simplify as much as possible the process of collecting documents required to enter the country, to improve the quality of international passenger traffic, and to provide visitors with infrastructure.

For many tourists, the availability of hotels of a certain class is a more important factor than natural beauty or historical sites. In addition, it is necessary to create a good reputation that would attract a large number of tourists from all over the world. External activities include the conclusion of various kinds of contracts that allow increasing the activity of tourists by simplifying the procedures associated with the preparation of the necessary documents.

The Ministry of Tourism plays the role of a kind of regulator, stimulating or, conversely, slowing down the growth of tourist flow to the country. Of course, it is impossible to attract tourists to a country where there are no basic conditions for visitors. That is why the tourism industry is directly related to the construction and transport industries. Only full development in all directions can significantly increase the number of foreigners wishing to visit a certain country. However, it is important to note that tourists are not necessarily foreigners.

In many countries, domestic tourism is actively developing, involving recreation in their own country, and not abroad. Many people quite rightly believe that if people from all over the world go to their country to rest, then there is no point in going somewhere during the vacation. This approach allows you not only to save time and money, but also to get to know your own country better. Often in European countries, the Ministry of Tourism is engaged in the development of this particular type of tourism. For the state, the benefit in this case is obvious: money is spent within the country, replenishing the local budget. Often, hotels are even built to attract local tourists. Thus, the tourism business continues to develop, and government agencies, one way or another related to tourism, are becoming increasingly important.

In terms of the scale of international tourism, the federal structure and the method of organizing the tourism industry, the third management model is most acceptable for Russia.

Tourism in the Russian Federation is subject to state regulation and management, the state forms the tourism policy. The main goals, objectives, principles and directions of the state policy of Russia in the field of tourism are defined in the Federal Law "On the Basics of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation" (1996), as well as in the Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation until 2015 (2008. ). The link between politics and tourism lies in the fact that the state regulates the development of tourism, and tourist activity requires intervention from the state from the standpoint of legal regulation. Political power, similar to economic factors, has the ability to directly (by issuing legal acts regulating relations in tourism) and indirectly (the country's political course, decisions taken by the authorities in the international political arena, state ideology) impact on tourism.

The system that has taken shape to date reflects the ongoing process of transition in Russia from a super-centralized administrative system based on the domination of state forms of ownership to an economic mechanism that combines various forms of ownership. Decentralization in a market economy implies the transfer of the right to carry out tourism activities to any enterprise, regardless of ownership. This process is accompanied by the creation of various kinds of associations, unions and unions. Management of the tourist complex is implemented within the organizational structure, which includes three levels: macroeconomic, mesoeconomic and microeconomic (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Organization of management of the tourism industry in Russia Sahak, AE, Pshenichnykh, Yu.A. Management in social and cultural services and tourism: Textbook. - SPb .: Peter, 2007 .-- P. 52

Macroeconomic level

On theat this - federal - level, the subjects of tourism management include the President of the Russian Federation, the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency for Tourism and the Federal Agency for Physical Culture and Sports of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Under the President of the Russian Federation, there is a Council for Physical Culture and Sports, which should ensure:

Development of the foundations of state policy in the field of sports tourism;

Participation in the development of the legislation of the Russian Federation on sports tourism;

Coordination of work on the examination of regulatory legal acts and federal programs in the field of sports tourism;

Analysis of the state of national tourism and the development of proposals for its development.

The decisions of the Council for Physical Culture and Sports are of a recommendatory nature, its activities are carried out on a voluntary basis and with the frequency necessary for setting tasks and solving them.

In the highest legislative body - the State Duma of the Russian Federation - in 2003, legislative support for tourism was attributed to the Committee on Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship and Tourism, and was previously carried out by a special Commission on Sports and Tourism. In the structure of the committee, there is a subcommittee on the development of the tourist services market, an Expert Council has been created, which includes leading representatives of the tourist industry and government agencies.

The general management of the tourist complex, the implementation of the tourist policy is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation.

According to Article 16 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation", tourism and the sanatorium-resort sphere are part of the social sphere of Russia and constitute a single object of state regulation. The Federal Law "On Natural Medicinal Resources, Medical and Recreational Areas and Resorts" (1995) states: "The Government of the Russian Federation determines the main directions of state policy in the field of sanatorium treatment and recreation." In accordance with the widespread world practice and international legal acts, sanatorium treatment belongs to the category of medical and health tourism, which, if it is subsidized by the state, is also a type of social tourism.

The purpose of the tourism policy is to ensure the constitutional right of Russian citizens to rest and leisure, freedom of movement, health protection and other rights when traveling by creating a competitive tourism industry in the Russian Federation capable of self-development and ensuring a high standard of living for Russians.

Tourism policy should be based on compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law and obligations arising from international treaties and legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as social and economic indicators and research of Russian and foreign tourist markets.

The priority directions of the tourism policy should be domestic, inbound and social tourism, including health-improving, sports, ethnocultural, ecological.

The governing bodies of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation in the period 1991-2004. underwent constant reorganization (Table 1).

Table1. Chronology of reorganizations of the state bodies of management of tourist activity in the Russian Federation Sahak, AE, Pshenichnykh, Yu.A. Management in social and cultural services and tourism: Textbook. - SPb .: Peter, 2007 .-- P. 53

Russian joint stock company for foreign tourism

Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Russian Federation Committee of the Russian Federation on Tourism (Roskomturizm)

Committee of the Russian Federation for Youth Affairs, Physical Culture and Tourism

RF Committee for Physical Culture and Tourism

State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture and Tourism

Russian Agency for Physical Culture and Tourism

Ministry of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism

State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism

Department of Tourism within the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism under the Ministry of Health and Social Development

Federal Agency for Tourism

On November 18, 2004, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation was adopted, approved by the Regulation of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 901 of December 31, 2004, on the creation of the Federal Agency for Tourism, directly subordinate to the Government of the Russian Federation.

The Federal Agency for Tourism is the authorized federal executive body in charge of public policy, legal regulation, provision of public services and management of public property in the tourism sector.

Central economic departments, such as the country's Federal Customs Service, perform important functions related to monitoring the observance of state interests in the field of the state economy. This service is responsible for organizing customs and currency control, issuing regulations on customs issues. These issues are important for the development of tourism.

The Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation play a significant role in the regulation of the tourist business, which determine the procedure for financing and lending to tourist activities, monitor compliance with tax legislation, and issue regulatory documents on these issues.

The main directions of state regulation of tourist activities are:

Protection of the rights of consumers of tourism services;

Creation of legal conditions for the effective functioning of the tourism market, including for attracting investments in the construction and reconstruction of tourist display facilities, hotels, as well as infrastructure necessary for the development of tourism;

Support for small and medium-sized businesses in the field of tourism; creating a competitive environment that does not allow the development of monopoly;

Promotion of Russian tourism on the international market;

Preservation and protection of cultural monuments;

Preservation of the cultural identity of the peoples of Russia;

Sustainable tourism development.

 

It might be helpful to read: