What kind of equipment is necessary. What things will not do without any trip. From Spiritual Food to the Essential Needs of Housewives

Summer is a great time for travel, relaxation and courage. Most of the voyages with friends that we tell our loved ones about, take place in the summer. No, of course, New Year's trips to Dragobrat are also interesting. But they cannot be compared with a trip to the sea or just to someone's dacha.

Of course, we want our every trip to be like a Eurotrip or a Bachelor Party in Vegas, but more often it turns out Sportloto 82 or the moment when Jay and Silent Bob got on the bus to the Scooby-Doo heroes.

In order not to get confused, we decided to paint the role of each participant in the group trip.

Driver

Most likely, if you are going somewhere with friends, then you must have a driver with you. Although this is not accurate. This person does not drink (I would like to believe it), but instead he can choose tracks (switch songs like a lackey, when he is shouted about it from the salon). Sometimes he has cool glasses, it is even possible to use the optical function "anti-headlight".
The driver is the most judicious participant in the trip and has the power to decide at which gas station the company will eat hot dogs.

Anticosmonaut

A person who tearfully asks for the front seat, as he is rocked. He brushes aside all your googled advice on how to prevent nausea. Just let it sit in the front.

Also, do not blame the poor condition of the passenger on the unthinkable amount of drunk yesterday. It has nothing to do with it.

Connoisseur

This is a driver without a license, decide for yourself without any. This person knows how many kilometers from Uman to Gornostayevka, knows how to drive a car, knows how to drive economically. It's a pity that NO ONE ASKED HIM!
A connoisseur will come in handy on the road if you bought a Scanword Fair at a gas station or if you want the beer in the trunk to stay cold for as long as possible.

Photographer

This person has the phone with the largest memory capacity. It photographs landscapes at 13 frames per second. During stops “near the bushes,” where the boys are to the left and the girls to the right, this passenger will take 17 shots of a ladybug on the side of the road. But he can grimace with displeasure if you ask to take a group photo. Also, the photographer gets very angry if the Internet is bad on the road and it is not possible to post this amazing photo of the blue sky.

Hamster

Yuri Kaplan has already sung about this man enough in the composition "He constantly eats something" by the ensemble of Valentin Strykalo. Such a passenger at a gas station asks in advance when the next stop will be in order to find out how much food is needed for this section of the road. There are lots of chips, crumbs and sweet water under it, on it and in it.

DJ Cucumber

The happy owner of a portable speaker who nobly can offer to turn on his music “on the speaker so as not to distract the driver”. In fact, this is a deception. He is just waiting to cut the silence of the road with his favorite hits. He may cry out: “Look, Kuchma in light green shorts,” and while everyone is looking out the window, he will quietly connect to the aux of the radio.

The DJ is well aware of the musical preferences of each of the passengers. And as soon as someone offers to change the DJ, he will put on such a track to charm the protester. But this is just a handout to maintain his musical power. From The Prodigy to Spleen, from Max Barskikh to Nick Cave - this passenger has already downloaded all the world's songs to his gadget. Even the "Steam bath" MC Poha.

Compass

This person monitors the map and the direction of transport. But this does not mean at all that this passenger would outperform everyone sitting in orienteering. Often just the opposite - a person decides to train his meager knowledge of topography when the route of many people depends on him.

Nerd

This man came to this planet to make our travels less adventurous. He is against fellow travelers, country roads and the idea of spending the night in a tent. He will also squeeze into the seat when you still drive through the village with open windows and sing “Ale vin chekak on her” for everyone you meet on the way. Do not forget: if you decide to open the windows, then immediately think about the arguments in the dispute with the bore.

Orderly

Such a person will go to the toilet at every gas station, but will still ask to stop “by the bushes”. But this person has wet wipes, dry wipes, wet wipes for children, dry wipes that were wet, and wipes from McDonald's.

sleeping Beauty

Such a passenger cannot be woken up with a horn, ear licking, or a shotgun shot to the knee. He has a heroic dream. It would also be worth noting the unnatural postures in which your comrade falls asleep. And make sure that he does not fall asleep with food in his mouth (there were precedents).

Experienced travelers before the trip do not even think about what to take with them - they have long been honed to collect their suitcases to automatism, and if you wake them up in the middle of the night and ask what things you need to take with you, they will answer this question without the slightest hesitation. But what should beginners do? This article has compiled a list of things, without which travel is impossible, or it will not be so favorable.

Some experienced travelers even advise making spreadsheets in Excel, but in fact, ordinary notes on the phone or, in the old-fashioned way, a sheet of paper will do. So what are the most essential things?

Money and documents

If a trip can take place without clothes, a phone, food, chargers and other paraphernalia, albeit not the most pleasant one - without documents it will definitely not work to leave the city. The best option would be to put them in a separate small purse or in a backpack so that you always have them with you and, if necessary, do not dig into your suitcase for an hour and a half.

passports
passports and medical insurance (if the trip is to be abroad)
air tickets
birth certificates (if traveling with children)
bank cards or paper bills

Technique

Not only is it uncomfortable in the modern world with a long absence of technology, but in travel these are definitely essential things.

In the event of an incident, you should always be able to contact your relatives, and, in addition, the gadgets must have maps of the city to be visited. Before leaving, all equipment must be charged, and the memory must be cleared if possible.

mobile phone
camera / camcorder
navigator (when traveling by car)
laptop / tablet (if necessary)
chargers from all gadgets

Medicines

Often from unusual food, climate change or banal sunstroke, you can feel bad, but the opportunity to go to the hospital is not always there. In case of chronic diseases, the attending physician should prescribe medication for the trip.

headache medications
from indigestion
plasters
pain reliever

Personal hygiene items

comb
razor and shaving products
toothbrush and paste
deodorant
wet wipes and cotton swabs
sanitary pads (women)

Things you need to travel with a baby

Young children need special care, and travel is no exception. It is necessary to collect the child on the road with increased care.

children's first aid kit
spare set of clothes
baby food
diapers
baby soap, paste and cream

If all things are packed in suitcases, and documents are in hand, then the trip promises to be easy and comfortable! The main thing is to observe the minimum precautions and enjoy what is happening.

With each trip, the preparation time is required less and less. I learned how to accurately calculate the amount of luggage for each trip so as not to overload the suitcase with things. Flying to Siberia, I packed my suitcase exactly five minutes, an hour before leaving.

My backpack is the complete opposite. It is almost always assembled, and looks like a Wasserman vest. It has absolutely everything that I may need on a trip, with the exception of clothes. The backpack is heavy, weighs fifteen kilograms, and half of the things from there you can simply pull out, but who knows when I need them?

Before this trip I decided to try to lighten the heavy burden. I unloaded everything from my backpack, laid it out neatly on the floor ... and put everything back. It will come in handy!

Looking into a travel blogger's backpack?

1. Laptop MacBook Pro 13 '' Retina Late 2013... It is no coincidence that it was the computer that appeared under the first number. To some extent, it is even more important than cameras. Are there still internet active people who do not have a personal laptop?

2. Canon 5D Mark III camera with Canon 17-40 mm lens... Main camera. Most of the photos in this magazine were taken on her. It costs the devil knows how many thousand rubles, but it works out every penny. Honestly, this is the best camera I have. Almost an extension of my hands.

3. Canon 7D camera and Canon 70-200 mm lens... The large “tube” is called the “telephoto”. The lens is excellent at shooting into the distance, while the 17-40 is a “wide-angle” specialized for close objects. I don't just carry two large cameras, they make it possible to take a picture almost immediately, at the very second when I saw something unusual or someone colorful. The readiness speed is minimal, both cameras shoot in a “queue”. I began to think about giving up these weights and switching to “compacts” - mirrorless cameras with interchangeable lenses, but they shoot well only outdoors, during the day and in sunny weather. Took a couple for the test, exploring the possibilities, but it looks like I'm still with my two heavy cameras.

4. Shoulder strap BlackRapid on which the cameras are held. This is an ingenious system, I don’t know how less I did without it. One camera pulled back the neck, the other the shoulder. Now everything is balanced, and most importantly, nothing needs to be maintained and corrected, the cameras "dangle" freely, but are securely fixed, you can even run with them!

5. Documents... In my backpack there are always foreign and Russian passports, as well as an international driver's license, which has never been useful to me in my life.

6. American Eagle wallet... A leather wallet bought in a clothing store during the first trip to the United States. Absolutely nothing outstanding, cost $ 20. Now everything is worn out, but I have not found anything better. And before that I didn't carry wallets at all, my license and cards were in the place with a passport, and money was in my pocket.

7. iphone 5 & iPhone 5s Two mobile phones. At home I only use one, but on trips I have to carry the second one with me. It contains an international SIM card. Previously, I also had a third phone with me (!). It looked like this: one with an international SIM card for calls, another with a SIM card of the country of travel for the Internet, the third Moscow one, which is always on. GoodLine has solved this problem with its tariff “gigabytes of Internet per month for $ 100”.

8. CAT Diet... Who else does not know, now I'm losing weight, I'm on a diet. My diet is different from that of the average person, but it gives results. The bags contain special proteins, clothed in the semblance of familiar food: cocoa drinks, yoghurts and even omelets that must be fried. But this is chemistry, of course. Joking aside, calling it astronaut food.

9. Tee "Era"... For some reason, I even remembered its price, 72 rubles. Purchased in Auchan as a means of dealing with a small number of outlets in hotel rooms. He helped out more than once, but began to fail: in Germany and France, sockets with grounding, that is, with a third pin, this one does not fit in there. I am looking for a replacement.

10. Business Cards by Julia Loris... It's time to reveal the secret: a famous air blogger has been making business cards for me for many years relax_action , who, before her hobby for airplanes, was closely involved in design. About a couple of times a year business cards run out, and I call Yulia, because again I need to make some changes or even change the layout. Soon there will be changes again, you need to add a new international number and change the background.

11.IPad Mini 32 gb in a Thule case... The iPad is only the third device for me, after the phone and laptop. In Moscow, I almost never use it, but in independent travel it becomes an indispensable assistant. There, the route of the trip with all the details, data on booking airplanes and hotels, and most importantly, navigation programs, maps with all the “hammered” points are stored in electronic form. Traveling life without a tablet is completely impossible!

12. Western Digital External Drive & SIM Card Box... I rarely use an external drive, as a rule, if I run out of space on my computer disk, in order to temporarily drop there the footage of past trips, which has not yet been transferred to a full-fledged archive. And SIM cards are a relic of the past, there are about ten cards from different countries, bought at one time for the Internet. The collection is not replenished, the old ones gradually come out with an expiration date.

13. Bunch of keys... Well, what did you think? Even such an old bum has a place to return to. Any journey begins and ends only when I use these keys.

14. Stapler for SIM cards, bought on eBay... It allows you to turn an ordinary huge SIM card, for which phones are no longer available, into a micro or nano size card. You can also lay out, in fact. Firstly, I no longer buy SIM cards, and secondly, almost all world operators have available either ready-made for the size of the card, or the same staplers.

15.Canon Powershot N... The third chamber is reserve and NZ. If two main cameras run out of batteries at the same time, both mobile phones turn off, or you just need to be as inconspicuous as possible, I take this camera. It seems to be an unnecessary load, but I needed it a couple of times.

16. Blindfold... This simple device helps me fall asleep when others are reluctant to sleep and indulge in aviation gluttony or turn on the lights.

17. Different cables and chargers... As you can see, I have a lot of this stuff. In addition to standard chargers for laptops and phones, there is an adapter for connecting to the network via a wire (new MacBooks do not have a built-in port), a splitter for three charges (microUSB, miniUSB, for old iPhones), a cable for remote camera shutter release, a splitter for two pairs of headphones.

18. Earplugs... So far, I have never come in handy, I use headphones, but I believe that a moment may come when I still stick them in my ears.

19. Mint caramels... Once I bought a pack of lollipops, I don’t remember which country anymore, and put it in the compartment of my backpack. They crumbled, and I still fish out candy. Sometimes it comes in handy.

20. Medicines... The mini-first-aid kit is represented by three medicines: citramone for headaches, some pills for sore throat and a pop of ACC.

The description also did not include a computer mouse, an adapter for all types of outlets in the world, a charger for a camera and Sony wireless headphones. But these are little things.

And yes, how do you like the post format? Is it worth doing something else in a similar vein?

YOU MAY HAVE THE MOST WONDERFUL GRAPHICS IN THE WORLD, BUT IF THE COMPOSITION LEAVES THE BEST, YOUR DESIGN WILL NOT REMOVE.

Thus, it is clear that composition is of great importance. But what is composition? Roughly speaking, this is a space where individual elements have to turn into one whole, and where images, text, graphics and colors are formed into a single design in which everything is combined with each other.

Successful composition assumes that you arrange the elements and distribute them correctly, and it not only looks beautiful on the outside, but also functionally efficiently. So let's go over the basic tips, tricks and techniques that will make you a composition guru in minutes.

1. PAY ATTENTION TO THE MAIN

As we were once told in school, emphasis distribution is very important. Focus is a key element of any good composition, as it helps the viewer concentrate on the most important design details first.

Methods for attracting attention include scale, contrast, and pointers, and we'll talk more about these later. Now let's analyze the above example.
This is Matthew Metz's design for retailer Nordstrom, so the most important element here is the model and her clothes. So, the model was placed in the center, and the text placed in a special way and the lack of a color palette help to focus on her face and clothes. And then the pointers draw attention to the information just below.

Sean Lynn Pantzuzhen's poster also features a seated man in the spotlight. Focus is carried out using the central position of the photograph, where graphics are used around the person to draw attention to him.

2. GUIDE THE READER'S VIEW WITH POINTS

Just as you point out something to a person that you would like to show him, direct the viewers' gaze with the help of a certain arrangement of lines and various shapes. This way you can achieve the correct perception of your design.

Most likely, you are already familiar with one of the most common types of pointers - schematic. Diagrams use lines to guide the eye from one point to another in a fairly obvious order. Take a look at this date card from Paper and Parcel. The designer decided to use schematic pointers to convey information in an interactive and unusual way.

In addition, they can indicate some kind of connecting elements of the text or small pieces of information. As mentioned, you must first focus on the main subject; but where will you look after? By correctly placing the pointers, you can not only control attention on the main elements, but also direct your viewer's gaze throughout the design.

Let's take a look at a poster from Design By Day, for example, which uses clear directional lines to guide you first to the main element (title) and then to different segments of the text.

Of course, there is no point in using such obvious pointers in every design, but that doesn't mean there is no other way out. Find some shapes and lines in the images and graphic elements used and use them in order to set the direction of the viewer's gaze.

This can be seen in poster 1 Trick Pony, where the man's right hand is used to “redirect” his gaze from the image to the logo, and then to the bottom of the image. Thus, the shapes of the image can serve as pointers.

3. SCALE AND HIERARCHY

Scale and visual hierarchy are some of those creative underpinnings that can either ruin your design or make it look sweet. Therefore, it is so important to be able to use them correctly to create a successful composition.

In short, hierarchy is the structuring of items in order of importance. So, you can make the more important object of your design larger and brighter, and the secondary elements smaller and paler.

It is especially important to consider hierarchy when writing text. For more information on typographic hierarchy, you can refer to the article “Why every design needs three levels of typographic hierarchy”.

Why every design needs three levels of typographic hierarchy

Scale is often used for the connectivity of hierarchy members. The large scale draws attention to certain objects, emphasizing their importance for correct communication.

For example, this poster by Jessica Svendsen uses an oversized image as the largest element to draw maximum attention to the subject. The headline is the largest text element and is the most important piece of information in this context, while the rest of the text is written on a much smaller scale. Thus, the scale identifies the main design objects and preserves the typographic hierarchy.

Scale is also an incredibly useful tool when it comes to creating proportions and a sense of size. You can make certain things appear as detailed, intricate and small as possible, or you can make them big and even cumbersome.

Take a look at the poster by Scott Hansen, where he uses the silhouettes of two people, seemingly very small compared to the immense space that surrounds them. This technique definitely helps to feel the grandeur and scale of the scene.

By creating contrast between small and large elements in a composition, you can achieve a wide variety of effects.

4. MAKE BALANCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS

Balance is a pretty important thing in many ways. And, of course, your design is no different.

But how can you maintain this very balance within your own design? Let's take a quick look at the two main types of balance and how to keep it.

First, there is symmetrical balance. Its essence is obvious - the balance of design is achieved through symmetry. By reflecting certain elements on both sides (right-left, top-bottom), you achieve absolute balance.

Here's an example of symmetrical balance. Jennifer Wick's wedding invitation uses a symmetrical composition where text and graphics are mirrored. Symmetry makes the invitation look elegant, neat and balanced.

The second type, which is probably much more common, is asymmetric balance. Its name also speaks for itself - balance is achieved through an asymmetrical arrangement of elements.

Here's an example of the successful use of asymmetric balance. In his poster, Munchy Potato purposefully distributed circles of different sizes in different areas of space, thus achieving asymmetry.

In the example above, the three center circles are the largest design elements, but they are nevertheless balanced thanks to the correct font, graphics, and the use of a small textured circle in the bottom corner of the poster.

To develop the skills for creating asymmetric balance, it is necessary to think of each element as a unit with its own "weight". Smaller objects, accordingly, should "weigh" less, and elements saturated with textures should "weigh" more than homogeneous ones. Whatever the purpose of your design, you must always achieve balance among the objects used.

5. USE ITEMS TO COMPLETE EACH OTHER

You must have heard of complementary colors, but have you heard of complementary design elements? One of the key elements of a successful and effective composition is the careful, targeted selection of each design object, in which everything should turn into a single whole.

A common mistake when creating a composition is using images that do not complement each other. Therefore, when you decide to use multiple images, always check if they have the right impact on the viewer and if there is the necessary connection between them. Here are some ways to achieve this effect.

Use pictures from one photo shoot. This is an incredibly easy way to make sure your images are consistent, given that they are done in the same style and in the same direction. For example, designers Jekyll & Hyde and Elena Bonanomi use this technique in one of the spreads of Must magazine.

Images must be in the same color range. Nowadays there is a wide variety of different filters and photo editing tools that can help you to make the selected images belong to the same color gamut and, therefore, are interconnected. A is a Name made his poster completely black and white in order to achieve the color connection between objects.

Choose similar shots... Try to combine images with similar parameters and style. For example, if one of the photographs is taken in a minimalist style, you should use similar pictures. Below is a design solution by Feint, where in all the selected images one can observe certain "irregularities" - a variety of textures, wood motifs and cold shades.

Creating a good layout also involves the right mix of text and graphics, where these elements complement each other. Each typeface in a different environment has certain shades and associations - for example, a crisp, cursive typeface with lots of curls can be associated with elegance and sophistication. Therefore, try to choose a font depending on your own goals and intentions.

Take a look at Adam Hill's poster for “Celebrating the Tangled Relationship Between Tattoos and Good Old Rock and Roll,” where we see a mix of traditional vintage images with a bold italic headline and body copy, also in bold and serif type. A typeface using thin, graceful sans serif letters would hardly have suited the rough rock and roll graphics, and probably did not produce the desired effect.

6. INCREASE (OR DECREASE) CONTRAST

Contrast is an incredibly useful helper, both for highlighting some elements of your design, and for hiding them. By enhancing the contrast, or using a high-contrast palette, you can draw attention to a specific subject. At the same time, by decreasing the contrast, you can achieve the effect of transparency for some elements, making them less visible.

In this example, Tebolt Julian uses high-contrast colors to frame and emphasize central images, and boldface to draw attention to key information. However, he also resorts to a lighter, thinner typeface that makes other elements secondary.

While the previous design uses a resonant color to draw attention, the next example uses it to hide a specific element.

Melanie Scott Vincent in her poster places a yellow paperclip on a yellow background, thereby minimizing the contrast between the backdrop and the subject. Ordinarily, you would be advised not to do this, but here such a technique only enhances the effect of the name of the event “We pass by every day”.

Thus, contrast can also be used to "hide" certain design elements, and to draw attention to them. Therefore, use this tool based on your design goals and wishes.

7. REPEAT DESIGN ELEMENTS

Repeat after me: "Repetition accompanies a successful composition."

To maintain consistency and consistency in your layout, try to use specific elements from one section in other places. Let's say you can use the same font or graphic motif several times. Try to use elements flowing from one section to another to add coherence to your design.

Repeating elements is a key factor in multi-page layouts. This technique allows pages to flow from one to another, creating a parallel link between them.

As an example, consider the designs for magazines developed by Mauro De Donatis and Elizaveta Ukhabina. Here, the composition of each spread is the same, the only difference is in the content, colors and images used. Repeating a composition allows readers to get used to the format and process information faster.

Beyond that, repetition can also be a key factor in designing a composition for just one page. By reusing graphic elements, you can maintain consistency in your design.

It repeats some of the font styles, graphics, and linearity to help link elements together and achieve the desired effect. If the author of the design suddenly decided to use some drawing pink elements with bold lines somewhere in the middle, there would be no question of any coherence. But she decided to use a small size for the text, minimized the color gamut and kept the graphic elements in a graceful simplicity, so the design turned out to be successful.

When developing your design, write down all the information about the fonts, lines, colors, etc. used, and try to reuse them to combine your layout into a coherent whole.

8. DON'T FORGET ABOUT WHITE SPACE

To offend white space, it is enough to call it “empty space”. The void suggests that it must be filled with something, and therefore it does not "do its job" properly. But they are not the same thing.

When white space is used purposefully, it helps increase the clarity and clarity of your design: when the more stressed and intricate parts of the composition are balanced with white space, your design begins to breathe.

For example, take a look at the design done by Cocorrina. White space helps to achieve a balance between picture, texture and text, which adds sophistication and purity to designs.

So what's the best way to use white space?

Decrease the scale of the graphics. This allows you to create more white space around the center pieces without going beyond the original design. For clarity, take a look at Serafini Creative's recipe card design, where key elements have been purposefully scaled back to create a beautiful white space frame.

Don't try to fill all the white space. As said before, white space is not an empty space, it serves a specific purpose, so don't try to fill every piece of it.

An example is a website design by Creative Web Themes that uses a single image, a bold heading, two small lines of text, and a link to further information to present a product. With such a simple layout and plenty of white space, each element has its own territory and can breathe, which allows the design to look neat and have the desired effect on the viewer.

When creating a design, always ask yourself if all the elements are 100% necessary. Is all this text necessary, is a bright blue heading required, are all 3 images needed? By removing clutter from your layout, you can create a more accurate design that benefits from white space.

9. BUILD YOUR DESIGN ELEMENTS

When creating a composition that includes many objects, do not randomly place them on the page, because arranging elements is a quick and easy way to turn your design into candy.

Take a look at this perfectly aligned magazine design by Huck. Thanks to the clear structure of the elements, the design looks distinct and precise, it is very easy to read and pleasant from an aesthetic point of view.

Consistent and clear alignment of elements will also help you arrange a certain order among many objects. So, if you are using a lot of images, text and / or graphics, alignment should be your best friend.

The ability to apply alignment when working with text is especially important. There are many ways to do this, but left alignment remains one of the best, as for most viewers this is the most readable and comprehensible option.

10. Divide your design into thirds

The Rule of Thirds is a simple technique that designers can use to split a layout into 9 equal parts. Focus points are where the vertical and horizontal lines intersect.

Designer William Beachy decided to play with this rule in his works (example below). Its design is eye-catching and eye-catching with a specific focus point at each intersection. Beachy also notes that "When you place objects outside the center of the design, but on the periphery, the picture becomes lively and interesting."

Using the rule of thirds will help improve the composition of your design, as it is one of the quickest and easiest ways to place and structure elements.

Take a look at Gajan Wamatev's design for National Geographic and think about how the one-third rule applies here. Most likely, you noticed that the lines (if they were) would intersect at the focal point of each of the images: two travelers in the first picture, and a large bird in the second. The lines would also intersect on the text boxes, drawing attention to the text and asking you to read further information.

If after long hours of working on the design it finally seems effective to you, try to mentally divide it into parts and see the deep structure. Is there a division by thirds? Or is it being built based on a different markup? Either way, you can browse through the various markup examples and draw inspiration from them.

APPEAL TO THE READER

There are many things to pay attention to when creating a composition. If you are still a beginner designer, you will most likely have to put in a lot of effort and spend a lot of time trying to organize and rescale objects, then re-layout them again, etc., but that's okay.

Do you have any tricks for working with composition? Or perhaps you know some examples of highly effective composition designs? In any case, feel free to share your thoughts and ideas on this in the comments.

Composition, composition rules.

Is it trivial and unromantic to donate a washing machine? Not at all, if the year is 1874, and none of your wife's friends have such a device. At the end of the nineteenth century, there was a kind of inventive boom, and there were a lot of projects for washing machines. One of the patents was registered in the United States by a certain William Blackstone from Indiana - he was engaged in the production of machines for processing corn and designed a washing machine to make a gift to his wife. By the time of the creation of his brainchild with a wooden drum and a manual drive (it is obvious that at the same time the machine successfully replaced his wife's gym), several hundred patents for the invention of washing machines had already been filed in the States, but Blackstone managed to establish mass production of his invention. He moved to New York and opened a factory for the production of washing machines, and until the invention of the electric washing machine in 1908, his model was in demand (although after that too - electric cars were expensive and did not soon get into mass production).

Washing machine with a mechanical drive. The rollers at the top are for spinning.

From Spiritual Food to the Essential Needs of Housewives

The desire to help his beloved wife inspired the famous Austrian designer Peter Mitterhofer, who lived and worked in the second half of the nineteenth century and was famous for the invention of the typewriter, to create a mechanical meat grinder: before that, a special curved two-handed knife was used to prepare minced meat and chopped cutlets. Before Mitterhofer, however, a rather primitive design of a meat grinder was already known, but the product of the Austrian inventor was more thoughtful.

Memorial plaque to Peterk Mitterhoffer. The world knows him as the inventor of the typewriter, not a word about the meat grinder, but in vain!

The first vacuum cleaner was appreciated by a woman

And he even bears her name, or rather, the name of her husband - William H. Hoover: he bought the patent thanks to his wife Susan, who believed in the potential of the invention, conducted the first tests at home and, in general, inspired her husband to improve the vacuum cleaner and set up mass production. It was like this: a certain Murray Spengler, a doorman from Canton, a small town in Ohio, suffered from asthma and wanted to find a solution to this problem. The first home vacuum cleaner (before that there were large devices that worked on steam and gasoline), he collected from improvised means: soap dishes, a fan (engine and air blower), a silk pillowcase (he did not spare it for a dust bag) and a broom handle. Murray decided to find out the opinion of his girlfriend (according to other sources - a relative) Susan Hoover, who was married to a local businessman who produced and sold leather goods in Canton, about his invention. She tested the prototype at home for several days and made sure it worked. Susan told her husband about this, and Mr. Hoover was so inspired that he bought Spengler's patent and began producing vacuum cleaners right in his store, improving the materials and process along the way. One year later, the Hoover Company was founded in 1908.

Evolution of the Hoover vacuum cleaner in the first 10 years of production

Happy woman - happy name

How easy it is to say the phrase for joy: "Oh, this is the best kitchen helper!" In English, "kitchen helper" is kitchen aid, and this is how the most famous planetary mixers and kitchen machines in the world have been called for almost a century. The fact is that the first batch of mixers that came off the containers was presented to the wives of the factory employees - it is clear that for the purpose of testing too. It was necessary to understand what women think about the technical novelty of 1919. One of them was delighted with her husband's gift and said just that very phrase. The question of the name was no longer raised, no one thought that the name of the now famous brand was born.

It might be useful to read: