Batik what you need for work. Batik master class: Subtleties of work. Batik - airbrushing

Elizabeth Rumyantseva

For diligence and art there is nothing impossible.

Content

There are several ways to decorate the material, one of the most popular is batik. This name refers to hand painting on fabric using the so-called reserving compositions. Do-it-yourself drawings are not only beautiful, but also spectacular. In addition, this is a great way to take your free time and get carried away with real creativity.

What is batik

The term batik is a generalized name for various ways of hand-painting fabric. The principle of redundancy is used as the basis of this technique, i.e. covering with a special composition those places of the material that should remain unpainted in order to end up with the desired pattern. To obtain clear contours (borders), a special fixer is used called a reserve, made on the basis of gasoline, paraffin, and a water base.

The technique is based on the fact that rubber glue, paraffin and some types of resins and varnishes that are applied to the fabric and do not let the dye through. As for the materials for which the batik technique is used, they are cotton, silk, wool and synthetics. To obtain clothes with a painted surface, for example, T-shirts, there are several types of batik.

History

The island of Java (Indonesia) is considered to be the birthplace of manual painting on fabric using a reserve. Translated from the Javanese technique, batik means "drop of wax". This type of painting has long been known among the peoples of modern Indonesia and India. In general, mankind has been creating patterns on fabric since time immemorial. Different ways of painting matter were known in Sumer, Japan, Peru, Indochina, Sri Lanka and some African countries.

Despite the fact that the creation of drawings on matter was known in different regions of the world, Java is considered the birthplace of batik in the modern sense of this technique. The masters of this Indonesian island were able to reach unprecedented heights and sophistication in terms of dyeing fabrics. They managed to make a whole art out of this craft in a short time. It could take months, or even years, for the masters to create one canvas. This is due to the multi-stage preparation of matter: soaking, boiling, bleaching, a long process of dyeing with waxing, dyeing, drying.

Due to the length of the process, initially only aristocrats wore clothes that were covered with patterns using batik. The masters of the island of Java used cotton fabrics, passing the secrets of the craft from generation to generation. An interesting feature is that the patterns of different families could differ significantly from each other. The executed patterns had a variety of themes: from floral ornaments and geometric patterns to mythological plots. On the northern coast of the island, lighter shades are used than in the central part.

It is authentically known that by drawings on clothes it was possible to determine which caste this or that person belongs to. It was forbidden to repeat traditional royal ornaments. Each girl in her dowry must have had things decorated using the batik technique. For example, colorful fabrics, curtains, wall panels, wardrobe items. Even today among the peoples of Java, clothes made from hand-painted materials are in great demand, often they are made for commercial purposes.

In the 17th century, when Java became a Dutch colony, batik began to arrive in European countries. Later, the Europeans invented an electric batik-pin device, with which it was possible to store wax in a molten state. In 1801, José-Marie Jacquard created an automatic machine with special punched cards, thanks to which it became possible to produce canvases with drawings created by artists. Thanks to this, the batik technique has moved to a new level. It gained the greatest popularity in Europe only at the end of the 19th century.

Kinds

The fabric painting technique is divided into several types, depending on what materials are used and what stages must be overcome in order to obtain a surface with a spectacular pattern. The peculiarity of this or that type is that one option is ideal for synthetic fibers, the second for decorating silk, etc. You can learn more about their differences below:

Hot batik. Wax is used as a reserve. For its application, a special tool called chanting is used. Wax helps to limit the spread of the coloring matter, because. does not absorb it. This type of painting is called hot because the wax used in it must be melted. The paint is applied in several layers, at the end of the work the wax is carefully removed. This method is used for painting cotton fabric.
Cold look. Ideal for decorating artificial materials, silk. In the technique, paints made on the basis of aniline are used. The reserve is thick if it contains rubber components and thin when gasoline acts as the base. Rubber is applied from tubes, and gasoline using glass tubes. In addition, both colored and colorless reserves can be used. The cold look implies a single-layer application of paint, and therefore, the work requires more accuracy from the performer compared to hot technology.
Free painting. It is widely used on materials made of natural silk and synthetic fibers. For her masters often use oil paints and aniline dyes.
Folding batik "shibori". The peculiarity of this type is that the master performs the dressing of matter in a certain way, and only after that he dyes it.
Knot view. In this case, many small knots are first made on the fabric to be dyed, tying each of them with a thread. After painting the surface, they are carefully removed.

Execution technique

First of all, paints are applied to the canvas so that clear and distinct borders are obtained at the junction of different shades. For this purpose, a reserve is used, i.e. special fixer based on gasoline, paraffin, etc. - the composition varies depending on the chosen technique, material, paints. Basically, the following types of techniques are distinguished:

cold;
hot;
free painting;
free painting with saline solution.

Cold batik

Painting on batik fabric, as a hobby, is suitable mainly for patient people, because. this process is laborious and lengthy. One of the popular techniques is cold, which appeared much later than hot, with the development of the chemical industry. Her appearance made the job easier. The role of wax in cold technique is performed by special reserves that do not need to be heated, etched and reapplied.

To work, you will need to create a separate workplace. A well-ventilated area, such as a balcony, is ideal. This is due to the fact that vapors of the reserving substance do not have a very good effect on health. If you are going to use the painted material for use in the form of a tablecloth, scarf, etc., then please note that you need to fix the paint: baking in the oven, steaming in a water bath without contact with condensate / water, iron. If this is not done, then at the first wash all the work will be washed off. You will need:

simple pencil;
reserve (black), glass tube for it;
kalanok brushes, aniline compositions;
buttons, stretcher;
natural silk (crepe de chine).

Decide on the choice of sketch, for it you will need a sheet of thin paper. If you want something spectacular, then give preference to colors. When applying elements to the canvas, try to draw them in such a way that each of them has a closed contour. It is necessary to apply a reserve to the contours without delay, but also without haste. Sequencing:

First, wash the fabric, then pull the pre-dried fabric onto the stretcher using the buttons.
Take a glass tube, fill it with reserve. Apply the composition to the contours of the elements.
To increase the number of shades, dilute the same paint with different amounts of water. Use yogurt jars, disposable cups.
Engage in painting flowers (from light to dark tone) and the background.
Take salt, sprinkle it on the canvas and let it dry. Shake off the salt and after the fabric has dried, remove it from the stretcher.
After 24 hours, boil the canvas (about 3 hours), wash in warm soapy water.
Be sure to rinse the creation by adding a little vinegar to the water. Gently wring out the product and iron it while it is damp.
After the end of the procedure, blow the reserve back into the container, and rinse the glass tube in gasoline. Otherwise, the remains of the composition will harden, and the tool will become unsuitable for further use.

Hot

Batik on clothes looks beautiful and impressive. Deciding to join such a hobby, pay attention to the hot way. It is suitable for those who do not like to painstakingly paint over every piece of the canvas, sitting at this business for several hours. Even without much effort, you can get a canvas from which exclusive skirts, scarves and even suits are sewn. Work with this technique is carried out with wax, stearin, paraffin, or a mixture of them melted over a fire, so be careful. The list of tools that may be needed when decorating the canvas:

natural fabric, for example, cotton, wool, silk;
cardboard stencil;
coloring agents for painting on fabric;
glass for water;
wax, chanting;
brushes, rubber gloves;
cellophane, newspapers:
hair dryer or iron.

For work, it is better for you to wear clothes that you don’t mind ruining, because. The paint for the fabric is practically not washed off. Alternatively, wear a waterproof apron. Hot batik technology consists of the following:

To apply one of the listed solutions to the canvas, use a special tool - chanting. It looks like a watering can with a thin tip. Although, recently, brushes have become widely used, with the help of which strokes and point drops are applied to the fabric. After that, you need to apply a layer of paint on top.
Then you can again apply wax and a different type of paint to some areas. To make the patterns orderly, use stamps that need to be dipped in melted wax. You can use 2-3 tones or more.
Once the paint is dry, get rid of the wax. For this purpose, put a newspaper on the fabric and iron it - it should absorb the molten substance. Then put in a new newspaper and repeat the procedure. You need to do this until there is no wax left on the canvas at all.

free painting

Thanks to this batik technique, you can show all your abilities in the field of drawing, because. here it is impossible to form a drawing according to any particular template. With the help of free painting, an individual and unique work is created. Basically, this type of technique is practiced using oil paints with special solvents or aniline dyes. You can even experiment by adding a salt effect or a reserve compound somewhere, or using alcohol-based substances to moisten the fabric. Ways of free painting in batik:

paints, thickener from the reserve liquid;
with the help of paints, saline solution;
printing inks;
oil paints;
on silk, finishing with thickeners.

Free painting with saline solution

The essence of this technique lies in the fact that the fabric stretched over the frame, depending on the specific pattern, is impregnated with an aqueous solution of salt (table salt) and after it dries, the canvas is painted. In some cases, it is carried out with paints from basic dyes, into which a salt solution has been introduced. This approach helps to limit the flow of paint on the fabric and allows you to create patterns with free strokes. In this case, you can vary both the shape and the degree of saturation of one or another color.

It should be added that free painting with paints containing sodium chloride solution can be successfully combined with ordinary cold batik painting. For this purpose, some fragments of the drawing are created by free painting with finalization by a graphic drawing. Background overlaps in this case are carried out in areas that are limited by the reserve. Instead of salt, gelatin or starch can be used as a primer. Deciding to delve into this craft and try to create a spectacular drawing in this way, prepare the following tools, materials:

aniline dyes:
saline solution;
a piece of silk fabric that is stretched over a frame;
sketch of future work;
brushes for working with paints of different thicknesses, flute brushes for material impregnation, synthetics;
pipette for taking paint, water for washing brushes;
palette;
soft pencil 8V.

To prepare a saline solution, take a couple of tablespoons of salt in a glass of water. Salt should be diluted in hot water in an enameled or glass bowl so that all the crystals dissolve. Depending on the task, apply a preliminary painting with a very soft pencil on stretched silk. Salt painting consists of three stages:

Wet painting. Prepare the desired colors on the palette before the silk is soaked in the salt solution. Also, use only saline to dilute paints. While the silk is still damp, with broad strokes or brush strokes, apply the colors in place. On a very damp fabric, the paint will begin to spread in unexpected forms.
Painting on semi-dry silk and applying secondary stains. As long as the silk is wet and salt crystals form on it, you can achieve painterly effects. The paint does not scatter uncontrollably in all directions, but the brush will leave a trace, which subsequently blurs a little. This is especially ideal for imitating natural textures.
Graphic drawing of details related to the foreground. As soon as the saline solution dries, the fabric will become crispy, and the paint will barely noticeably spread over it. Continue to work by drawing details by applying short strokes or by placing spots of different sizes.

Batik for beginners

Being engaged in fabric painting, you will definitely feel your involvement in high art, especially when you start to get spectacular patterns and drawings on fabric. Over time, you will be able to develop your own design and style, in which different items of your wardrobe will be sustained. For beginners, it is better to stop at the cold batik technique, because. the hot version is more complex, time-consuming. Strictly adhere to the technology so that the work done is of the required quality:

First you need to stretch the fabric on the frame so that it does not sag. Batik masters often stretch a wet canvas, because. after drying, it becomes more elastic.
Prepare a sketch that is drawn with a pencil on paper.
Next, the sketch is transferred to the matter. For this purpose, the paper is fixed under the fabric so that the lines of the pattern can be traced on the canvas with a soft pencil.
Outline the contours using a reserve compound. To draw up a reserve, lower the tip of the glass tube into a container with contour liquid, and insert a syringe (rubber) into the other end - with its help, the liquid will be sucked into the tube.
Then check the circuit. After the reserve composition has completely dried, it is necessary to walk with a brush dipped in water over the entire pattern on one side of the contour, and after a while make sure that the water has not crossed the reserve line. If you find places where the contour turns out to be weak, then after the matter has completely dried, go through these zones again with a reserve.
In the sixth step, take care of painting the painting. Be extremely careful.
At the end, remove the work from the frame and fix the batik by ironing, baking, or alternatively, you can steam (steam) in a water bath.

What you need to prepare for the first lessons

Before you begin to master one of the batik techniques, prepare the appropriate supplies. At the same time, remember that the success of fixing colors also depends on the quality of the paints used. In any case, clothes with batik should be washed in cool water with the addition of a small amount of vinegar. For the first lessons you will definitely need:

Hoop or frame. If you plan to paint on a small area, then give preference to the embroidery hoop. If you are going to work with a large format, then prepare a special frame for batik - a regular stretcher is quite suitable. You need to attach the fabric to the frame on the hooks that come with it. As for the stretcher, you can fix the fabric on it with a thread and a needle, and do it so that the fabric does not come into contact with the frame. A simpler option is to secure the fabric with a furniture stapler (not suitable for silk) or buttons.
Paper. Prepare a sheet (or several) of thin paper to make a preliminary sketch. The size of the sheet should be equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe pattern on the canvas.
Textile. Thin natural fabrics such as silk, cambric, double-thread are best suited. Dense material will not work, because. the reserve composition may not pass through thick fibers, as a result of which an “explosion” of paint will appear - one color will begin to move to the edges and zone of another. Novice artists are advised to opt for cambric.
Materials, tools. The standard set for batik has a reserve, a glass tube for it and paints. In some kits, there is a contour liquid ready for application - it is poured into a tube with a thin tip. You can weld the reserve yourself, but this activity is not only time-consuming, but also a fire hazard.

Drawings for batik for beginners

A relatively simple option for beginners is a pattern in the form of a composition of flowers. It looks great on children's and adult clothes, canvases that decorate rooms. To make a whole bouquet flaunt on the matter, follow these steps:

draw three ovals of different sizes;
draw a wavy flower core in the center of each oval, and a stem below;
draw a flower around each core;
draw a bud at the top on the right side of the flowers;
make more voluminous stems, paint leaves on each of them;
draw the leaves and around the flowers;
at the end, carefully erase all the auxiliary circles.

Another no less interesting and quick option is a bouquet of roses. To get such a sketch, draw several circles on paper, and then convert each of them into a blossoming multi-layered bud. Practice on paper so that in the future you can draw roses with a reserve on matter the first time. You will have to draw bouquets of flowers on the canvas without any auxiliary lines.

Five-minute blackcurrant for the winter

The art of painting fabrics gave the world sundresses of Russia, painted fabrics and saris of India, and unusual kimonos of Japan. Many years ago, on the islands of Indonesia, one of the methods of hand-painting fabric appeared - batik.

History of batik

The technique of batik has more than one hundred years, during which it has become more and more complicated and improved. This is a very ancient artistic craft. In different countries, the technique of batik, or drawing a pattern on fabric, has its own characteristics, but in any case, water and wax are used.
Areas of fabric coated with wax do not absorb paint. Wax is also combined with rice paste and clay. They are applied manually, using paper cone-shaped bags, “chanting”, and to repeat the pattern, wooden or copper stamps, stencils made of wood or high-quality paper are used.
The concept of "batik" first appears in Dutch texts of the 17th century. The Javanese call batik "ambatik" which means drawing and writing. Although clothing from India can be seen in patterns reminiscent of batik painting, early examples of such fabrics have not been found. The oldest examples were found in Egypt, they date back to the 5th century AD. e.
Among other ancient finds are Japanese screens from the Nara period (646 - 794). It is believed that they were painted either by Chinese artists who emigrated to Japan, or in their homeland.
The art of batik is very ancient. The earliest references to the use of textile dyes can be found in Chinese texts dating back to around 2500 CE. e. The invention of silk is also attributed to the Chinese (although there is an opinion that even in the 1st millennium BC it could well have been produced in India). BUT the fact that batik was used in China during the Sui Dynasty (710 - 794) is absolutely known. In any case, history strongly links this art with China, because it was from there that it spread throughout the world - along with silk. Delicate, light matter was then worth its weight in gold and was exported from China to Japan, Central Asia, and from there to the Middle East and India. That is why this trade route was called the Great Silk Road. There is evidence that by 1677 the silk trade from India had spread to about. Java and Persia.
During the Chinese Sui (581 - 618) and Tang (618 - 907) dynasties, Japan was under great influence of China, so it is quite possible that it was then that batik from China was exported to Japan. Screens dating back to the Nara period (646-794) also testify to this. Batik was widespread in Japan in the 8th century. Everyone knows that this country has always been famous for its beautifully finished kimonos.
In the old days, the Japanese spent a lot of time sitting cross-legged, so they need clothes that do not restrict movement. In addition, in this country, as, indeed, everywhere in the East, it was not customary to demonstrate one's figure. But the social status had to be somehow marked, so the decoration of clothes became a common thing for the Japanese.

Painting on fabric using wax in Japan was often combined with other dyeing techniques, such as the knotting technique, which made it possible to create very complex patterns.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Miyazaki Yuzen (according to other sources, Miyazani Yuzen) created his own style, using both stencils and dyeing with a protective composition. His work can be immediately distinguished: magnificent drawings are located within clearly defined areas.
Batik gained particular popularity on about. Java, where experts in this field have reached unprecedented heights of skill. Yojakarta, Solo, Cirebon, Pekalongan, Tegal, Taximalaya, Indramayu, Garut, Lezam and Semarang - such sonorous "names" are the major centers of batik production on the island. At first, only aristocrats wore clothes made of fabrics with patterns made using the batik technique. They devoted their free time to painting fabrics. Gradually, servants began to be connected to this delicate and very laborious work.
On about. Java traditional patterns and the technique of applying them were passed down from generation to generation, and in each family they were called differently. For example, cheplokan (with repeating patterns) or kawung (with circular elements). In Central Java, darker colors are used than on the northern coast of the island, where fabrics are painted mainly for the purpose of sale.
North Java was frequented by Arab and Chinese merchants coming from across the sea. Traditional motifs here have changed somewhat to suit the tastes of potential buyers. In addition, in bright colors - pink, yellow and blue, which skillfully depict birds and flowers, the influence of China is clearly visible.
Islam forbids depicting people and animals, so when it spread to the island of Java, the images on the fabric became more stylized, and among the colors, the sacred green color for Muslims began to prevail. At the same time, Dutch merchants preferred European motifs - they were attracted by bouquets, butterflies and birds. Interest in batik in Europe was spurred on by a book on its history, written by the Governor-General Fr. Java by Thomas Raffles.
In 1835, the first batik factory was opened in the Dutch city of Leiden. Following her, such enterprises appeared in Rotterdam, Apeldoorn, Helmund and Haarlem. A new technology has been developed to generate the most profit at the lowest cost in reproducing complex Javanese patterns. To train the workers, the Dutch were not stingy to hire Indonesian craftsmen. Returning to Java, these specialists, in turn, set up the production of batik in their homeland. At that time, wax was applied using printing stamps, which significantly reduced the cost and made it possible to obtain very complex patterns. For fabrics with a repeat pattern, the stamps were adjusted to each other.
After the collapse of the global economy in the 1920s, batik went from being industrial production to becoming a solitary craft once again. A school of batik was opened in Holland, it turned into an applied art. The often intricate and stylized batik designs have strongly influenced Art Nouveau and artists such as Madame Pangon, Chris LeBeau, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh.

Materials and tools

Textile - from natural silk (crepe de chine, chiffon, toile, georgette crepe), but cotton fabrics (cambric, staple, thin poplin, voile) can also be used. The fabric can be bought by the meter and in the form of ready-made shawls, ties or scarves.
Paints - The choice of colors for painting on silk is quite large. Some paints are diluted only with alcohol, others are also diluted with water. They also differ in the method of fixing - ironing, hot air, moisture or steam, and each of them has both its advantages and disadvantages. And yet, connoisseurs give indisputable preference to high-quality paints from the French company Lefrans & Bourgeois, which are fixed by steaming. You can use aniline dyes, both domestic and imported. High-quality paints of the Italian company "Maimeri" and "Maimeri idea" are fixed with an iron. Paint for painting marabu fabrics from Deagle Design (silk, textill). To date, there are many similar dyes on the market. From domestic dyes, the set for painting fabrics "Batik", "Student" of the company "Gamma" is convenient to use. Of course, it is inferior to imported dyes, but for beginners this is a great option.
contour composition - Each paint is suitable for a certain contour composition, usually a textile paint company produces a contour composition suitable for it. As a rule, the reserve composition has a transparent color, in order to make the composition of a certain color, a gold, silver or colored outline is added.
Wooden frame - can be bought in a store or made to order in a framing workshop. There are special professional frames for batik with nuts, which makes it possible to fit it to any size.
Palette and pipettes - make it easier to take the paint from the bottles and mix them. The palette should be with recesses and always white.
Glass tubes or a plastic bottle with a pipette at the end - serve to draw thin lines using the cold batik technique. Glass tubes can be found in a specialized store or in a set for working with batik. You can use glass drafting pen, medical droppers with thin tips bent at 135 degrees. The plastic bottle at the end has a metal cap-nozzle with a hollow needle or a narrow hole. Chanting is a metal tool for drawing contours.
Adhesive tape - needed for gluing the top side of the frame before starting work, thanks to this the tree will not be able to absorb paint and will not stain your next job.
Hairdryer - speeds up the drying process. It also helps to create wonderful pictorial effects in the technique of free painting.
Buttons -(stationery) for stretching the fabric. It is better to use three-pronged buttons or pins, since only small punctures remain after their removal. You can use a stapler.
Brushes -(squirrel or kolinsky) If you decide to come to grips with batik, you will need professional brushes:

Wide squirrel brush;
fan brush;
Squirrel brush "Petit Gris pur" international number 11;
Red marten hair brush Extra - international number 5;
Polyamide brush - international number 4;

Tracing paper and aluminum foil - Tracing paper is used to wrap a painted product when fixing paints over steam. The foil is placed on top of the pressure cooker when fixing paints. It prevents condensed moisture from getting into your work.

Alcohol - for faster drying of the surface of the fabric after dyeing in paints diluted with water, you can add a drop of alcohol.

Salt - it is sprinkled with painted and still wet areas. Possessing the ability to absorb moisture, salt binds and dissolves coloring substances in water - pigments. As a result, original patterns appear. Try working with different grinds of salt. There is also a special salt for obtaining original stains, it can be found in specialized stores.

Distilled water - necessary for dilution and lightening of paints. Do not use tap water for these purposes - even a slight lime content in it can cause ugly changes in the pattern over time.

Cocktail straw - in a simple way, you can achieve an amazing effect: blow through a straw on a drop of paint applied to silk.

Iron - you will need to fix the coloring layer or remove wax from the product using the hot batik technique.

Pencil - preferably very soft, used to transfer the motif to the fabric. Or a tailor's pen, which is washed off with water.

Threads - suitable for work in nodular technology.

Wax- universal wax for batik is sold in the store. There are special recipes for making wax.

Fabric Dye Tray- you can use a deep tray, both plastic and metal. Any bath will do, as the fabric must be completely straightened when stained.

Crucible with thermostatic control will allow you to heat the wax to a certain temperature and maintain it at the same level. But you can successfully melt the wax in a water bath. It is best to use a small single burner stove or gas burner.

Batik technique

All the many existing batik techniques can be divided into two main groups.
hot batik - a technique using molten wax as a reserve composition.
Cold batik - technique, where it is used as a separating and drawing composition.

Hot batik technique

The hot batik method differs from the cold batik method in that wax (paraffin, stearin or a mixture thereof) is used as a reserve agent. Hot wax with a bristle brush or a special copper watering can is applied to the places of the fabric that should remain white (the wax stain should be transparent and dark, not white and matte). Then the entire surface of the fabric is filled with highly diluted dye solutions. After drying, the fabrics cover with wax those areas that should remain light-colored, and the rest of the space is painted over in darker tones. The cycle: reservation - dyeing - drying is repeated several times and ends with the application of black paint.
For hot batik, melted wax is required; a white household candle can serve as wax. There are special wax recipes for hot batik:

Wax for chanting:

6 parts pine resin;
4 parts of paraffin;
1 part beeswax;
0.25 parts of dammar resin;
0.25 parts of fat.
Wax for covering large areas:
2 parts beeswax;
1 part pine resin;
0.5 parts of dammar resin;
0.5 parts of paraffin;
0.1 part fat.

Wax for crackle:

5 parts of paraffin;
5 parts pine resin;
1 part dammar resin;
0.2 parts fat.

Hot wax can not only separate color from color, but also leave large spots unpainted, because. the paint does not lay down on the hardened wax.

Stages of work in the technique of hot batik:

Stage 1: transfer the pattern to the fabric.
Stage 2: those places in the drawing that must be left unpainted, cover with a brush with hot melted wax.
Stage 3: after drying, paint the fabric according to the pattern in light colors.
Stage 4: wait until the painting dries and wax the darker color spots and so on until the darkest places in the picture.
Stage 5: remove the wax from the drawing with an iron and newspapers, placing fabrics between them. After removing the wax, the fabric acquires its original plastic properties.
Stage 6: additional texture is obtained by re-waxing the entire surface.
Stage 7: re-remove the wax from the finished drawing with an iron and newspapers.

Also applies to hot batik technique "Crackle". It consists in the following, the fabric painted with a colorful layer or clean, covered with wax in several layers, then it is removed from the frame and breaks, creating various cracks on the wax surface. Then the fabric is stretched again on the frame, degreased with alcohol, and then the resulting cracks are filled with any dark color of paint. We are waiting for complete drying. With a hot iron with a lot of newspapers or paper, remove the wax from the surface of the fabric. At the junction of the surface of colored and white spots, a bizarre texture is formed.

Technique "Stamp"

Stages of work in the "Stamp" technique:
Stage 1: create a composition of the picture from simple shapes, preferably geometric.
Step 2: Cut out a sponge stamp with a cutter or knife. For greater convenience, glue a piece of plastic or a simple handle to the sponge.
Stage 3: heat the wax and use a sponge or foam stamp to apply wax to the fabric. Then you can dye the fabric and continue to experiment. If you come up with a variety of stamps from different materials, then the effect may be the most unexpected.

Cold batik technique

The technique of cold batik is more diverse:

Free painting technique on fabric is very similar to working with watercolors on wet paper. It is also called watercolor technique.

Free painting on fabrics implies the absence of any reserve substances that limit the spreading of dyes over the fabric. Since it is difficult to obtain a clear pattern without them, as a rule, the fabric is primed before free painting, using a concentrated solution of sodium chloride, solutions and emulsions of macromolecular compounds (starch, PVA, CMC, solvose, gelatin, analgin, etc.). For a batik hobby set, CMC is best suited, which is sold in stores as wallpaper glue. CMC powder is well diluted in warm water, liquid glue is applied to the fabric with a bristle brush, the fabric is dried and then you can work on it like on watercolor paper. Another method of free painting is presented below.

Stages of work in the technique of free painting:

Stage 1: the fabric stretched over the frame is evenly wetted with water, but so that there are no puddles, it is better to do it with a sponge.
Stage 2: application of paint with a wide flat on the wet surface of the fabric in accordance with the pattern (stretches of color from light to dark and from warm to cold).
Stage 3: drawing an image on a slightly damp cloth with a dark color in large strokes.
Stage 4: working out the details of the drawing on dry fabric with small strokes.
Stage 5: additional effects are created by drops of paint blown through a straw (for a cocktail). These drops can be turned into bizarre outlines of trees, shrubs, etc.

Knot technique. Unexpected effects and all the time different arise when working in this technique.

Stages of work in knot technology:

Stage 1: free painting on the background.
Stage 2: the dried fabric is removed from the frame and with the help of pebbles or other similar things, with threads according to the pattern, several knots are tied on the fabric.
Stage 3: the entire piece of fabric is twisted very tightly on both sides and folded into two or three layers, tightly tied with threads again (the density of twisting and tying significantly affects the future pattern).
Stage 4: the tied fabric is lowered into a container with paint.
Stage 5: carefully remove the fabric from the solution, let it drain, untie the threads and dry.

Technique "Gutta"

This technique was developed at the beginning of the last century by Russian artists who worked in silk painting. The technique with the use of the contour composition guarantees success even for beginners.

Stages of work in the Gutta technique:

Salt technology

Or the etching technique using salt. The bizarre patterns and amazing structures resulting from the use of salt when painting paintings, scarves, clothes in this technique are literally mesmerizing. The reason for this is the hygroscopic properties of salt: it absorbs moisture. The result depends on the size of the salt crystals.

Stages of work in salt technology:

Stage 1: Salt is sprinkled on a wet fabric painted in free technique.
Stage 2: it is important not to overdo it, salt is sprinkled where the color spot needs to be enriched with an interesting texture.
Stage 3: after the paints have completely dried, carefully remove the salt crystals.

Monotype fabric technique

The technique is rich in effects, but the difficulty is that it is impossible to predict what will happen in the end. It is impossible to repeat the episode you like.

Stages of work in the technique of monotype on fabric:

Stage 1: applying paint to a dry surface of the fabric with a foam sponge in random order.
Stage 2: when the fabric dries a little, remove it from the frame and lay several large and small folds on it in different directions and iron it with an iron, repeat this several times until the desired effect is obtained.
Step 3: Smooth out the fabric completely. When ironing a damp fabric in the folds, peculiar color transitions from dark to light are obtained, forming an interesting textured pattern.
Stage 4: you can additionally print any texture on top with ink, for example, a leaf of a tree.

Screen painting technique

Very similar to the "Stamp" technique in hot batik.

Stages of work in the technique of screen painting:

Stage 1: paint the background using the free painting technique in bright and light colors.
Stage 2: Apply a pattern cut out of paper or cardboard to the dried surface of the fabric (you can also use pieces of tulle, lace or other similar materials). The template holes are covered with textill marabu paint with salt (the top paint layer does not mix with the bottom one).

Painting technique in several layers

Stages of work in this technique:

Stage 1: free painting of fabric with bright and light colors.
Stage 2: drawing the contour of the picture.
Stage 3: prescribing individual places with dark or contrasting background colors to complicate the color palette.
Stage 4: drawing a new contour to work out the details of the drawing.

stained glass technique

The technique got its name from the strong similarity of color perception with stained glass windows. The only difference is the material used.

Stages of work in stained glass technique:

Stage 1: drawing a black, gold or silver outline on a white fabric according to the drawing.
Stage 2: after drying the contour, fill the image with various color spots (the contour will separate color from color, preventing the colors from mixing).

Displacement technique

This technique can be called impressionism in silk.

Stages of work in the displacement technique:

Step 1: Immerse the silk fabric in lukewarm water, then wring out the fabric well. Silk can be easily twisted, as the forming creases give an additional interesting effect.
Stage 2: Lay a well-moistened cloth on a glass or plastic wrap.
Step 3: Move the fabric so that some folds overlap the others. And spray them on top with your chosen paints from a spray gun or with an airbrush.
Stage 4: before each new spray, change the position of the folds by shifting the fabric. And each new stage must dry out.
Stage 5: having applied the darkest paints, they need quite a bit for the depth of the picture, you need to let the silk dry completely.
Stage 6: iron the fabric well before fixing the painting.

Technique "Thermal batik"

The easiest way to get patterns on fabric.

Stages of work in the technique of thermal batik:

Stage 1: Pre-soak the fabric.
Stage 2: Placed on a surface resistant to moisture and high temperatures (wooden or metal), folded in small folds and diluted dye solutions are applied with a brush.
Stage 3: The fabric is covered with tracing paper, and a hot iron is placed on top, gently moving it from one section of the fabric to another until the product is completely dry.
Stage 4: After the fabric is unfolded and ironed from the inside and face. Without steaming, the product is washed with water and washed with soap.

Additional decorative effects:

We have already got acquainted with such decorative effects as "crackle" and "salt technique", but there are many others that you can create yourself. But those that already exist: Light areas on the fabric can be obtained using grains of urea (urea fertilizer); graphic elements can be obtained by mixing a dye solution with CMC glue and using a thin brush to apply the thickened dye solution to a dry fabric. The composition that reserves can be made not only colorless, but also colored. To do this, squeeze a small amount of oil paint onto paper and leave for 2 hours, and then mix with a colorless reserve.
For the final stage, it is very important to properly fix the product and wash it. Rinse first with cold water, then hot and hand wash with soap. After washing, a natural silk fabric is treated at room temperature in a solution of vinegar (2 tablespoons of 9% vinegar per liter of water) for 10 minutes. Items made of cotton, viscose or linen after hand washing should be boiled 2 times for 5 minutes in a solution of washing powder intended for washing colored laundry. You need to iron the products while still damp, first from the inside out, and then from the face.

Organization of the work of the association;
Educational and material base;
General guidelines:
Safety precautions;
Approximate thematic plan of the association "Art painting on fabric";
Lesson plans-summaries of the classes of the Association "Art Painting on Fabric".

Organization of the work of the association

Association "Art painting on fabric" can be created at various centers of creativity, schools, clubs, summer camps, etc.
Children of middle and senior school age can engage in the association, since it is not recommended for junior school age to work with aniline dyes and hot wax, as well as with a reserve that has a specific smell.
The association program is designed for 72 teaching hours per year, 2 hours per lesson once a week.
Recruitment of students should be carried out at the end of the summer holidays and at the beginning of the school year. Prior to the start of recruitment, preliminary work should be carried out to attract schoolchildren to the association; for this, posters and announcements are distributed with an invitation to enroll in the association and a brief summary of its content.
In the room where registration for the association will be held, you need to arrange a showcase or stand with the work of the circle members. When enrolling schoolchildren in an association, it is necessary to conduct an introductory conversation, when compiling a list of candidates for the association, indicate the basic data: last name, first name, age, school, class, home phone number and address. Students enrolled in the association are given a memo indicating the name of the circle, the schedule of classes, the place and time of the first lesson.
It is recommended to include no more than 15 people in one group. In each group, a headman is chosen, who is an assistant to the head, he appoints attendants, keeps order. At the end of the lesson, he makes sure that the students put their workplaces in order.

Educational and methodological base of the association

Room and equipment. Work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area with exhaust ventilation. Lighting should be placed on the left side and in front, and falling shadows should not interfere with work.
Work tables should be wide enough so that they can accommodate not only a frame with a stretched fabric, but also tools, fixtures, paints. Conventionally, the desktop is divided into three zones. In the center is a frame, to the left of it are tools and fixtures, to the right are jars of paints and a reserve compound. On a separate table there should be an electric stove, a fan or a hair dryer and an iron.
There should be a wall board in the office for performing graphic works, hanging flat visual aids.

Visual aids. Visual aids are shown when explaining a task or during a conversation. The main types of visual aids used when working on batik include:

Tables with a graphic representation of the sequence of performing a particular painting technique;
Samples of painting on fabric, made in various techniques; samples with different types of marriage;
Various illustrative and photographic materials, which usually accompany a story or conversation about artistic painting on fabric, its history, and decorative and applied art.
A good visual aid can be the previously completed work of students in the association.

Materials, tools, devices. The best fabrics for painting are natural silk fabrics - crepe de chine, chiffon, toile, georgette crepe, but cotton fabrics can also be used - cambric, staple, thin poplin, voile. For painting, the fabric is stretched on a frame, a hoop. To apply a pattern to the fabric using the cold batik method, glass tubes of various diameters are used. But for this purpose, it can be used as glass drafting pen, medical droppers with thin tips bent at 135 degrees. Tools for working in the technique of hot batik are very diverse. These are funnels, brushes, stamps, wheelchairs, tubes, etc.
In painting fabrics using the batik method, aniline dyes of both domestic and foreign production, both dry and diluted, can be used. Some dyes are fixed in a steam bath, others are simply enough to iron with a hot iron.
The reserve composition can be used ready-made, or you can cook it yourself. The program provides for the production of a reserve composition. In the technique of cold batik, for its manufacture you will need: paraffin, rubber glue, gasoline, rosin. For hot: paraffin, beeswax, technical vaseline.
Brushes may be needed in different sizes, both squirrel and hard bristle. In addition to all of the above, there must be an iron available - for evaporating wax from the fabric; rubber gloves - the paints are intense and, if it comes into contact with the skin, are poorly washed off; buttons - to fix the fabric on the frame; newspapers - for evaporating wax with hot technology.

Depending on the tasks set in the classroom, various teaching methods are used (verbal, visual, practical), most often combining them.
Each lesson on the topics of the program, as a rule, includes a theoretical part (10-20 minutes) and a practical assignment. Theoretical information is an explanation of new material, information of a cognitive nature.
The main place in the classroom is given to practical work, which includes making sketches, preparing the necessary materials for painting (reserving composition, making the frame itself, painting itself).
It is necessary to think over the content and course of each lesson so that the practical part is a natural continuation and consolidation of the theoretical knowledge gained by students. So, when going through each new painting technique, you first need to acquaint the children with the history of the origin of this technique, then teach the students to correctly and consistently stretch the fabric on the frame, transfer the image from the sketch to the fabric and instruct the students in the sequence of the painting itself. Only after that you can start working on the product.
When explaining new material or a task, they mainly use methods of frontal work. Frontal display is a demonstration of tables, figures, visual material, as well as various technical methods of work. The explanation of the theoretical material and practical tasks is accompanied by a demonstration of various kinds of visual materials, and the execution of graphic works on the board. Demonstration of the sequence of performing a specific task gives the most complete picture of the process of working on the product, of its appearance.
The performance of a task in a group of students usually goes unevenly: some are in the middle of work, others are just starting, so individual work is very important. Summing up the results of the work, its analysis and evaluation is of great educational importance. It must be remembered that only one critical remark deprives the child of joy, may cause unwillingness to continue work, therefore, one must be extremely careful with criticism of work or a teacher. Students should know that the task should be done independently if possible, it is better if it is based on an individual sketch or it should be a well-executed copy of the sample.
The most appropriate form of evaluation is an organized review of completed product samples. So the viewing can be arranged as a temporary exhibition. Collective reviews will teach you to objectively evaluate the work of your own and others, to rejoice not only in your own, but also in common success.

Approximate thematic plan of the association "Art painting on fabric" ( for 1 year)

No. p / p		Topic name	Number of hours	Theory	Practice
1.		Introductory lesson. Safety engineering.	2	2	–
		The concept of composition. Introduction to foresk..	4	2	2
		Brief information on color science.	4	2	2
		Principles of stylization of plant and animal forms into decorative ones.	8	2	6
2		Cold batik. History of occurrence.	2	2	–
	Creation of a sketch for a product in the technique of cold batik.		4	–	4
	Work on the product in the technique of cold batik with the use of a colorless reserve in the composition "Fairytale Flowers".		8	2	6
	Work on the product in the technique of cold batik with the use of color reserve in the composition "space fantasies".		8	2	6
3	Hot batik. History of occurrence.		2	2	–
	Creation of a sketch for a product in the technique of hot batik.		4	–	4
	Work on the product in the technique of hot batik in the composition "Sea scenes".		8	2	6
	Work on the product in the technique of hot batik in the composition "Field Bouquet".		8	2	6
4	Explore additional decorative effects. Crackle. Salt technology. Stamp. Monotype.		8	2	6
5	Final lesson. Exhibition.		2	–	2

Lesson plans-summaries of the classes of the association "Art painting on fabric"

Topic of the lesson: Production and application of a reserve compound using the cold batik technique (continued work).

Target: to study the features of the technique of cold batik, to master the method of applying a reserve composition to the fabric.

Tasks:

To develop students' interest in this type of creativity, to promote the development of aesthetic and artistic taste.
Cultivate patience, accuracy, diligence.
To acquaint with the possibilities of the reserve composition and the study of various additional effects in the technique of cold batik.

Equipment and materials. Silk and cotton fabric, hoops, squirrel brushes, glass tubes, samples of work, coarse salt, urea, aniline dyes, soda, distilled water.

Lesson plan:

Organizational moment (3 min.)
Explanation of new material. (15-20 min.)
Practical work. Applying a reserve to the fabric. (30 minutes.)
Physical minute. (5 minutes.)
Showing the head of additional decorative effects. (15 minutes.)
Completion of the lesson. Independent use of decorative effects on their works. (15 minutes.)
Summing up, analysis of work. (7 min.)

Course progress.

1. - Hello guys! Today in the lesson we continue to study painting on fabric. Let's repeat and remember what we learned in the last lesson. Before you is not a big crossword puzzle that will help us with this. ( Appendix 6 ).
- you are not yet familiar with the last word at number 3 in the vertical, let's leave it until the end of today's lesson, and when we get acquainted with this concept, write it down in a crossword puzzle.
2. - In the last lesson, we made a sketch for the cold batik technique, let's proceed to the next stage of our work and stretch the fabric on the frame. Take a look at the Stretching the Fabric on the Frame poster to help you get it right, but before we start stretching the fabric, let's take a closer look at another Safety Precautions poster. ( Appendix 5 ) (Comments and answers to questions).
- The next thing we need to do after we have stretched the fabric is to transfer the sketch to the fabric. See how I will do it. We turn the fabric on the frame so that the fabric fits snugly against the sketch, so we clearly see the entire sketch in full size and it is convenient for us to transfer it with a simple soft pencil to the surface of the fabric.
- The drawing has been translated and is on the fabric, now we can use a glass tube to apply a reserve composition along the pencil line so that the line is not interrupted. It is very important that the reserve lies on the fabric continuously, otherwise the paint will run out of the pattern.
3. - See how to correctly draw the reserve into a glass tube, it is best to do this with a rubber bulb. Remember the content of the poster "Safety" another very important point so that the reserve does not run out of the tube when you do not lead it along the pencil line, hold the tube with the spout up.
- It is important to remember not only that the contour of the drawing must be closed, but also that if you hold the tube for a long time in one place without moving along the line, a puddle will form. You need to work quickly with a tube. To make the line even.
- After you have circled the entire drawing, look at it in the light, so you can see where the gaps or too thin lines have formed. And best of all, turn the work on the reverse side and work out the drawing in reserve on the left side. After you are convinced of the integrity of the circuit, you need to let the reserve dry. In the meantime, we'll rest. Let's go out into the corridor, spend a physical minute, and in the meantime, the office will air out.
4. Physical Minute.
5. To make your work interesting and unusual, I want to introduce you to additional decorative effects. For decorative effects, salt technique, the “Crackle” effect, and the effects obtained when applied to a wet urea fabric are used. When using the latter, be very careful to wash your hands with soap as urea is a fertilizer and can be poisonous. (Show).
6. Practical work. Students work with aniline dyes directly on their sketches using the knowledge they have just learned.
7. Summing up the work done. Discussion of successful moments, resulting decorative effects and mistakes made. We are removing jobs.

Topic of the lesson : Painting on fabric using a colorless reserve composition in the work on the composition "Fairytale Flowers" in the technique of cold batik (continuation of work).

Purpose of the lesson: creation of the composition "Fairytale Flowers" in the technique of cold batik.

Tasks:

Raising interest in this art form.
Development of creative abilities and artistic taste.
Formation of skills and abilities of painting on fabric.

Equipment and materials: aniline dyes, squirrel brushes, water jar, paper, pencil, eraser, work samples, glass tube, reserve.

Lesson plan:

Organizational moment (5 min.)
Explanation of new material (15 min.)
Practical work (30 min.)
Fizminutka (7 min.)
Continuation of practical work (30 min.)
Summing up (3 min.)

Lesson progress

1. - Hello guys! Let's check your jobs and get your sketches.

2. In the last lesson, we worked on creating a sketch for a product using the cold batik technique. Today you have to paint the product yourself, based on previously acquired knowledge. Let's repeat the sequence of work in the technique of cold batik.

Stage 1: washed silk, dried, and well-ironed, pull it onto the frame. Cover the frame with masking tape first.
Stage 2: then transfer the drawing from the sketch with a soft, not sharp pencil.
Stage 3: the next thing you should do is draw a line to finish the pattern along the entire perimeter of the fabric with the help of a reserve, the line must be closed, then the paint will not go beyond it.
Stage 4: circle the pencil drawing with a reserve composition, here it is also very important to remember that all lines must be closed.
Stage 5: after the reserve has completely dried, painting the picture using aniline dyes diluted to the desired tone.
Stage 6: after the paints have dried, they need to be fixed. This can be done with an iron or waxed and then ironed through several layers of newspaper.

When painting this composition, we will use aniline dyes from the Gamma company, a ready-made kit for painting fabric "Batik - student". These dyes are very concentrated, require dilution with soda solution. With the help of pipettes, you can take the required amount of paint and dilute it in the cells of the palette until the desired tone is obtained. Now let's start painting. Every beginner needs to know the basic rule: go from light areas to dark ones, in this case, any accidentally placed spot can be painted over with the darker paint that follows it. Dip the brush into the paint about halfway and then freely, without pressure, move the tip of the brush over the fabric. The fabric itself "takes" the paint from the brush, so that magical color stains appear without much work on your part. You can fill the reserved areas with water, and then paint them with paints. With this method of filling, it should be remembered that the colors will become less saturated, but you will get a smooth transition from a darker to a lighter tone. (The whole story is accompanied by a demonstration).

Soft color transitions can be created by brushing over an area filled with paint with a brush dipped in alcohol. After that, in some places the paint will lose its saturation, in other places it will become brighter and the transitions from one to another will become smooth. You can use additional decorative effects. After finishing the painting, it is necessary to dry it.

3. Practical activities is carried out in line with individual work specifically with each student.

4. Physical Minute should divide the practical work into two parts. Since work on painting requires painstaking and perseverance. To unload the spine and eyes, a warm-up is performed.

5. Practical work continues after a physical minute.

6. At the end of the practical work, the results are summed up, the students exhibit their compositions and collectively discuss what was successful and where mistakes were made.

Bibliography:

Allahverdova E.E. Batik. Clay. Wood. Home needlework. - M .: LLC Astrel Publishing House; AST Publishing House LLC, 2004
Stock Susie. Batik. Practical guide./ Per. from English. - M .: Publishing house "Niola 21st century", 2005
Magazine: "Valentina". Painting on silk. - M .: Publishing house "OVA-PRESS". No. 1; 1995

They forget about the long and painstaking work that the creators put in.

It’s easy to argue - they say, it’s somehow expensive ... And if you take all the hours and minutes spent on making something out of nothing, make something out of nothing, it turns out that the author even robs himself.

At the very least, artists often like to count how many and what steps they went through when creating their masterpieces. not an exception. Let's try a little calculation.

Steps in creating a fabric painting

I must say right away that the terms are approximate, average.

Read also:

1. It is necessary to collect material, think over a sketch - about 2-3 hours.

2. Creation of a drawing, sketch, template - 3-5 hours. With multi-layer technique, a separate stencil is made for each layer. This, of course, increases the time.

3. Preparation for work. Selection and cutting of fabric, washing it to remove special impregnation, drying, ironing, if required - 3-5 hours.

4. Stretching the fabric on the stretcher - about an hour (depending on the complexity of the work and the cut of the fabric).

5. - depends on the complexity of the picture. On average 2 hours.

6. Preparation of tools, checking the dye on an unnecessary cut, selection of shades. 1 hour.

7. Applying a reserve composition for cold batik. Approximately 2-3 hours.

8. The painting itself. This time varies, each master has his own. Let's take the average time - 4-10 hours for work of medium complexity.

9. Drying of the product (it happens by itself, no time is spent).

10. Preparation for fixing the dye: removal from the frame, rolling into a roll in case of heat treatment. Not more than an hour.

eleven. . Ironing - 0.5 hours. Steam treatment - 3-4 hours.

12. Laundry work, ironing - no more than an hour.

13.Processing of practical products (scarf, shawl). Most appreciated is the manual hem in the form of a roll. Hard work and very meticulous. On average it takes 3-5 hours.

14. Photographing the resulting work. Image processing. 2-3 hours.

16. Packing of goods before sending to the buyer + time spent at the Post Office - 2-3 hours.

And I am also describing the cold technique of painting fabric, when working with wax, the process itself increases by several hours, because the reserve composition is applied layer by layer, and then removed with paper.

And in the case of free painting, the matter still needs to be primed.

In any case, you can clearly see that the process of creating batik is laborious, energy-intensive. And this was not yet about the skill of the author, about the personal brand that the artist created for himself over the years of work. That is why handmade by default cannot be cheap, because in addition to long hours of work, a piece of the soul of its creator is invested in it.

Learn how to hot-cold-knot batik to make a beautiful scarf or turn an old t-shirt into a designer piece.

Types of batik

Batik is a hand-painted fabric (on synthetics, silk, wool, cotton) for which reserve compositions are used.

Briefly about the technology of this needlework: paints are applied to the canvas in order to get clear boundaries at the junction of shades, a fixer called a reserve is used. It is made on a water basis or using gasoline, paraffin, its composition depends on the chosen fabric, technique, paints.

The word "batik" is translated from Indonesian as "a drop of wax". There are several ways to get a pattern on fabric using this technology:

cold;
hot;
dyeing twisted and bound fabric;
free painting.

Let's take a closer look at their differences:

IN hot batik wax is used as a reserve. It is applied with a special tool called chanting. Wax limits the spread of paint, as it does not absorb it. It is melted, so this type is called hot batik. The paint is applied in several layers. At the end of the work, the wax is removed. In this way, cotton fabric is most often painted.
Cold batik perfect for decorating silk, artificial fabrics. This technology uses aniline-based paints. The reserve can be liquid when it is based on gasoline and thick if it has a rubber component. There are colorless and colored reserves. Rubber is applied from tubes, and gasoline is applied through glass tubes with reservoirs. In cold batik, a single layer of paint is applied, so the work requires more accuracy compared to the hot method.
free painting used on fabrics made of synthetic fibers and natural silk. For it, aniline dyes and oil paints are most often used.
At nodular batik on the surface to be painted, many small knots are first tied, tying them with a thread. After staining, they are removed.
folding batik or "shibori" is the binding of fabric in a certain way, followed by dyeing.

How to decorate a scarf with your own hands?

Let's move from theory to practice. Try to make such an adorable scarf by cold-casting batik fabric. To do this, take:

a rectangle of white silk measuring 0.5x1 m;
buttons;
frame for fabric tension;
a transparent reserve and a tube for it;
special paints for batik blue and blue;
gasoline, which is used for lighters;
containers for diluting paints;
2 brushes;
coarse salt.

Moisten the cloth with water using a brush. Pull the canvas over the frame, attach to it with buttons. To make batik fabric, paint blue paint onto the canvas with a brush.

If you have a frame smaller than the canvas, paint it in sectors. To do this, pin one part, decorate it, then the second and subsequent ones.

In this case, painting on fabric started from the middle sector. Here, according to the plan, there should be clouds. Dilute the paint with a little water, apply to the canvas, and sprinkle coarse salt on top. Such a manipulation is necessary so that the salt absorbs water, while spectacular stains remain on the fabric.

Dry this area with a stream of warm air, holding the hair dryer not close to the canvas, then shake off the salt. After decorating the middle, go to the edge, on which we will depict the sea.

Also wet this area of fabric with water, pull it over the frame. Carefully, so as not to swallow the reserve, pull it into the tube. Blowing onto the canvas, depict the waves or other pattern of the sea. You may get algae or scales of outlandish fish.

Dry the reserve, moisten the fabric again with water, paint this area with blue and blue paint.

Pull on the other end of the scarf, which will show the earth and the plants on it. Draw flowers in reserve, for example, daisies, grass, dry. Moisten the fabric, paint these flowers.

Dry the scarf with a hair dryer, remove from the frame. To fix the paint, iron the decorated canvas several times from the front and back sides with an iron. After that, you need to rinse the product in cold water to remove the salt. In conclusion - iron again several times. Everything, you can beautifully tie a scarf around your neck and admire how wonderful it turned out.

Painting on fabric: cold way

See what other amazing canvases are obtained thanks to this technology.

This can be enclosed in a beautiful frame and hung on the wall. Used for work:

natural silk - crepe de chine;
black reserve, glass tube for him;
buttons;
stretcher;
aniline paints;
simple pencil;
kalanok brushes.

Let's start by choosing a sketch. Flowers look very impressive. The end of the article shows you how to draw some of them that you can include in your composition.

When drawing elements on the canvas, draw them so that each has a closed path. Apply the reserve to the contours without delay, but also slowly so that it has time to go inside the fabric, but does not leave blots.

Wash the fabric, stretch it well on the stretcher, securing it with buttons.
Fill a glass tube with a reserve, apply this composition to the contours of the elements of the picture.
To have more shades, dilute the same paint with different amounts of water. To do this, it is convenient to use disposable cups or jars of yogurt.
First, paint the flowers - from light to dark, then the background.
Sprinkle the canvas with salt, let it dry, then shake off the salt.
When the batik fabric is dry, remove it from the stretcher. After a day, boil for 3 hours, wash in soapy warm water. Rinse by adding a little vinegar to the water.
Gently wring out, iron the fabric damp.

Batik technique - hot way

This is suitable for those who do not want to painstakingly paint over each fragment of the canvas, showing perseverance. Even if you don’t try too hard, you will still get exclusive suits, skirts, scarves made using the batik technique, if you then sew these products from the resulting fabric. Let's get acquainted with this method of decorating fabric closer.

Traditionally, craftswomen first apply any of these substances in molten form to the canvas:

paraffin;
wax;
stearin;
or a mixture of these substances.

To apply the solution to the fabric, a special tool is used - chanting, it is a watering can with a thin tip.

Now brushes are widely used, with the help of which point drops, strokes are applied to the fabric. After that, the top is covered with paint.

Then you can again apply wax and other paint to certain areas. If you want patterns to be organized, you can dip stamps into melted wax and apply it in this way.

You can use 2-3 tones or more - 4-5, then you get a canvas of this type.

When the paint dries, you need to get rid of the wax. To do this, put a newspaper on the canvas, iron it. It will absorb the melted paraffin. Then put another one, iron it. Use other newspapers if there is wax residue.

Check out the master class, which tells how effective clothes made according to the batik principle will look. In this case, you will decorate the shawl.

For work you will need:

natural fabric (silk, cotton, wool);
cardboard stencil;
paints for painting on fabric;
glass of water;
brushes;
wax;
cellophane, newspapers;
rubber gloves;

When working, wear clothes that you don’t mind ruining, as the fabric paint does not wash off. It is better to wear a waterproof apron that will protect things.

Cover the work surface with newspapers, cellophane, so that it does not get dirty.
Dilute yellow paint in water in a container. Drop the fabric here.
When it is colored, wring it out with gloved hands, dry it with a hair dryer to dry faster.
Place the stencil on the canvas. It can be not only autumn leaves, but also butterflies, flowers, hearts, etc.
Place the pieces of wax in a small saucepan or ladle, melt in a water bath. You can use candles.
Attach the stencil to the selected area on the fabric, apply melted wax here with a brush.
If you want, shake off the wax from the brush so that beautiful drops and streaks appear on the handkerchief. To do this, you can rub them with a brush.
Add a little green to the aqueous solution of yellow paint, cover the fabric with this light green paint.
Blot the drops of paint from the leaves with a sponge (they will not turn light green, as they are covered with wax). Dry the fabric with a hair dryer.
Iron the fabric through a cloth. To make the scarf softer, rinse it in water to which you add conditioner.
It remains to dry the stole and you can try on a new thing, admiring how batik paints and your diligence helped create a designer item.

T-shirt coloring page

Batik technique will also help us to create it. You can draw flowers, animals, using a cold, hot method, or make an abstract drawing like this.

It will help to make the nodular method. For it you will need:

paint for batik;
white threads;
technical bowl;
water;
brush;
cotton or silk fabric.

Tie knots like this:

The step-by-step master class shows you how to proceed.

Using this technique, you can make patterns not only on T-shirts, but also color leggings.

Look at several ways to fold the fabric to make batik fabric.

The first figure shows that you first need to flash with a basting, then tighten this thread and wind it into place. In the second picture there are already 3 basting seams - two of them are made on the right, and the third on the left. It remains to tighten the thread, wind it, and you can dye the fabric to make batik.

To fold the canvas, as fig. 3, you will need:

the cloth;
wooden board;
a thread;
scissors.

First, the fabric is folded "accordion". Now you need to attach a plank to the front side, tie it in two places with threads. The fabric in fig. 4 is also first folded "accordion". Then it needs to be rewound with a thread and give the workpiece the shape of a Christmas tree, also with the help of threads. In this way, you can make a children's batik, decorating a T-shirt for a child.

The next sample is obtained by folding the fabric several times and tying it with a rope crosswise.

How to draw flowers?

You can use the following ideas when you create children's or adult clothes using the batik technique, a canvas for decorating a room. Flower arrangements look great on such things.

To draw a violet, first draw a circle, slightly extended to the left and right edges.
In its center, mark the core, from which a small oval comes up, which will later be a pedicel. Don't forget to draw the stem.
Here's how to draw the flowers next. We depict 3 symmetrical petals, and behind the top two - one more.
Draw 2 toothed leaves on one stem.
Erase the oval. This is how you can color batik fabric by drawing violets on it.

If you want a whole bouquet to show off on the canvas, the following master class will help you.

Draw 3 ovals of different sizes. In the center of each, depict the wavy core of the flower, and at the bottom - the stem.
Now you need to draw a flower around each core, and a bud at the top right.
Draw the stems more voluminous. Draw leaves for each, draw them around the flowers as well.
Erase the guide circles.

You need to immediately draw a bouquet of flowers on the canvas, without auxiliary lines, so it’s better to practice this on paper first, and then you can already create a children’s batik or an adult one on the fabric.

And here is how to draw roses.

First, draw a few circles on paper, then convert each one into a multi-layered blossoming bud. Step-by-step photos will help with this. Having practiced on paper, you will draw a reserve of roses on the fabric from the first time and create a colorful canvas using the batik technique.

So, fabric, a stretcher (and even better a sliding frame) and we got it. What else do you need to practice batik?

Batik paints

Read more about this in the article. And today we will only tell you that the choice of colors for painting fabric is actually very large. Everything now can be ordered, if not in a specialized store such as "Products for Artists", then ordered through an online store.

In short, paints are acrylic and water-soluble. How to explain how they differ? Well, painting first is more like using gouache, it's a top coat. They cover the surface. The second category is water-soluble paints for batik, they are good to use for thin delicate fabrics.

Paints are also divided into fixed with an iron and those that need to be steamed.

glass straw

It is used for high-quality carrying of the reserve composition on the fabric. When buying such a tube, pay attention to the diameter of its hole. The smaller it is, the thinner will be the line separating one color layer from another.

Buttons

Needed in order to stretch the fabric on the frame. I have in my arsenal stationery carnations-buttons with a thin point (otherwise the silk will tear!) Of two types: one with a hat in the form of a ball (terribly inconvenient!), others with a flat hat (convenient, press your finger on a wider area, less tired) .

Now I'm going to fork out and buy special three-prong buttons for fabric. I think they are less traumatic for the fabric, simple buttons on delicate silk leave holes, especially if you try when you pull the fabric over the frame. We have such a set of 300 rubles.

End of the article

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