The Komi Republic (Komi Komi Republic) is a republic within the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, is a part of the North-West Federal. Sights of the Komi Republic, notable places of the Urals. presentation for the lesson on the topic Pr

Annually on August 22, the Komi people celebrate the formation of their national republic (more precisely, the Komi-Zyryans, who differ from the Komi-Permians living in the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug). On this day, in many cities of the region, solemn meetings, festive concerts and mass festivities dedicated to the anniversary of the founding of the Komi Republic are held. Officially, this region became part of Russia in the 15th century, but until the October Revolution of 1917, the territory in which the Komi lived was part of different provinces - Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Vyatka. The Komi people got the opportunity to find their own region after in November 1917 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia.

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It is very important to acquaint children with their small homeland. Knowledge of history, what your republic is proud of is the basis of true patriotism.

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Sights of the Komi Republic, notable places of the Urals. (part 1)

KOMI the area of \u200b\u200bthe republic is 416.8 thousand km2, which is comparable to the area of \u200b\u200bsuch European states as France, Germany, Poland. As of January 1, 2012, the population of the republic was about 890 thousand people. 77% of this number are urban residents (Vorkuta, Vuktyl, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Syktyvkar, Usinsk, Ukhta).

VORKUTA is a city beyond the Arctic Circle in the north of the Komi Republic. It is located in the permafrost zone, in the tundra. Translated from Nenets, the name of the city means "Bear's corner". This is true even now in the sense that getting to Vorkuta is quite difficult. There is still no road here. You can get to Vorkuta only by train or plane.

The name of the city was given by the Vorkuta River (originally - Varkuta-Yakha, which is translated from the Nenets language as “a river teeming with bears” (Vark is a brown bear (Nenets)). A city in Russia, located in the north of the Komi Republic, on the western slopes of the Polar Urals, on the Vorkuta River, located above the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone, the third most populous city in the world, located above the Arctic Circle.

Yarega You probably know that our country is one of the world leaders in oil-producing states. There are many deposits of this "black gold" in our country. But what do we know about the methods of extracting this mineral? Basically, oil is produced by drilling wells, from which then, roughly speaking, gas and a gush of liquid oil burst out. This method of production is typical for low density oil, or simply liquid. Is there other oil as well? - you ask. There is! And they extract it, like solid minerals (ore, coal) in mines. And the first of them on the territory of our country began to work in Yaregi.

VOTCHA is one of the oldest settlements in the Komi Republic. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of ancient settlements near the village, indicating that they lived here even before the X-XI centuries. In total, the Votchinsky archaeological complex includes three monuments of different times: the ancient settlements Gul-Chun, Karyil and Votchinsky burial ground. Archaeologists have made many finds here, including silver items.

VILGORT - Vylgort is an old village, the administrative center of the Syktyvdinsky district, located near the capital of the Komi Republic - the city of Syktyvkar. And although the village is not administratively connected with Syktyvkar, in fact it is its suburb. The first written mention of Vylgort dates back to 1586. The village was formed from the confluence of several villages. Translated from the Komi language "Vyl gort" means "new home".

An architectural monument The main attraction of Vylgort is a very beautiful wooden elementary school building, built in 1913. In 1999, a museum of history and culture of the Syktyvdinsky region was opened in this building.

In 2008, a folk craft center “Zaran” was opened in Vylgort. Many interesting folk crafts can be learned here.

Zavalinka In summer, in July, in the center of the village on Jubilee Square, it has become a tradition to hold festivals of folk song performers "Zavalinka" Where eminent collectives and singers from many regions of Russia, Moscow and abroad come.

Izhma From time immemorial Izhma people went out for a walk in the meadows on one of the white July nights. The holiday was called Lud, that is, "meadow". The Lud holiday includes round dances and round dance games, some of them are "Kyk Ryad", "Orchchon Sulalom", "Krugon Vorsom", "Quimon", etc. The population feels the unity in a common round dance, the ringleaders of which are members of the amateur performances. This holiday has the status of the Komi Republican, included in the list of 11 wonders of the Komi Republic.

LUD From time immemorial, the Izhemtsy went out on one of the white summer nights "ludyn voilyny" ("to walk in the meadows"). In the mid-1930s, this tradition was interrupted. The festivities were resumed only sixty years later, in 1997. At ten o'clock in the evening, family and family bonfires are lit on the freshly cut part of the festive meadow. By this time, all Izhma villages and villages are erecting mini-farmsteads, representing the peculiarities of the local way of life. Sizyabsk, a primordially reindeer herding village, sets up a chum. Mokhcha and Gam, famous for their horses, organize races. In the Krasnoborsk courtyard, which also unites the inhabitants of the villages of Vertep and Diyur, they demonstrate their values: healing blue clay, "living" water and miraculous brooms.

Ust-Tsilma is a large village on the Pechora River, located in the north of the Komi Republic. The village was founded by Novgorodians in 1542. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. a large number of Old Believers moved to Ust-Tsilma, fleeing the persecution of the authorities. Until now, Ust-Tsilma has preserved the rich folklore traditions of the Russian North.

"Krasnaya Gorka", which in 2004 was awarded the status of a republican holiday. This is a bright colorful festivities, a spring-summer ritual holiday. held from Midsummer's Day to Peter's Day (July 7-12). According to folklorists, it is here that this holiday has survived to this day in full live ritual action.

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Sights of the Komi Republic, notable places of the Urals. (part 2)

Ural Manaraga is one of the highest and most beautiful mountain peaks of the Subpolar Urals. Manaraga looks from afar, like a strongly dissected ridge. Its height is 1662 meters above sea level. The name of the mountain comes from the Nenets words "mana" and "raha" - "like a bear's paw". The truly dissected ridge of the mountain resembles a clawed bear paw.

Ural Mountain Narodnaya (accent on the first syllable) is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. The mountain, almost two thousand meters above sea level, is located in a remote area in the Subpolar Urals. The story of the origin of the name of this key Ural landmark is not an easy one. For a long time, serious disputes were raging among scientists about the name of the mountain. According to one version, the peak, opened just on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the revolution, was named in honor of the Soviet people - Narodnaya (with an emphasis on the second syllable).

The ghost town Halmer -Yu is probably the only ghost town in the Urals. Here, in a beautiful place in the middle of the tundra, near the Ural mountains, there are apartment buildings, administrative buildings and industrial facilities abandoned by people forever. Fans of urban trip will feel like in paradise here. After the closure of the settlement, the territory is used as a military training ground under the code name "Pemboy".

The village of Graddor is located not far from the capital of the Komi Republic - the city of Syktyvkar - on the territory of the Syktyvdinsky district, belongs to the Shoshkinsky village council. The first mention of the village of Graddor dates back to 1719. The name of the pioneer of the village is known - he was Ivan Anisimovich Savinov, a native of Shoshka. The most famous native of Graddor is the military leader Dmitry Georgievich Dubrovsky. For his military exploits, he received many high awards.

The small village of Zelenets near the capital of the Komi Republic - Syktyvkar - is interesting for its old, abandoned church. The village stretches along the left bank of the Vychegda River. On the right bank of the Vychegda, opposite the village, there is an archaeological monument. Archaeologists have discovered a settlement here that dates back to the 9th century. Scientists attributed the finds discovered here to the Vanvizdin culture. They can be seen in the Museum of Ethnography and Archeology of the Syktyvkar University.

Zelenets The village was first mentioned in documents in 1586. Its original name was Shordoryag, which means "near a forest river". The toponym "Zelenets" means an island on a river without arable land. Probably, he meant the island located just below the village. In the past, the village of Zelenets was a famous center for the production of wooden household utensils.

Knyazhpogost (Emva) The village of Knyazhpogost is located north of the capital of the Komi Republic - the city of Syktyvkar. Apparently, in the distant past, this place was the residence of the Vymsk princes who ruled Vychegodskaya Perm, which is why such a toponym arose. This is one of the oldest settlements on the Vym River. Archaeological finds indicate that people have lived here for a long time. Near the village, traces of an ancient fortified settlement with ramparts and ditches were found.

Konstantin Rokossovsky - served a sentence in Knyazhpogost. In the recent past it was one of the islands of the GULAG archipelago. It was the prisoners who built the Syktyvkar - Knyazhpogost tract and the railway. The Sevzheldorlag administration was located in the village of Zheleznodorozhny. The northern railway camp existed from 1938 to 1950, the number of prisoners reached 85 thousand people.

Loose farm of the Pechora-Ilychsky reserve In 1946, the residents of the Troitsko-Pechorsky region spread the news. On the taiga expanses in the upper reaches of the Pechora, hunters, collective farmers, and ordinary residents are attracted to catch moose calves. Soon long-legged good-natured animals could be seen behind the enclosures in the local village of Yaksha. In 1949, there were already 11 domesticated moose calves here. So in the Pechora-Ilychsky reserve a moose farm was born - the only one in the world.

Loose farm

Yugyd-Va - National Park We present to your attention the largest national park in Russia, which is also included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as "Virgin Komi Forests". It is truly huge - its territories are spread out in three regions of the Komi Republic at once: Intinsky, Vuktylsky and Pechora and occupy the western spurs of the Northern and Subpolar Urals.

Weathering pillars As soon as they do not call this beautiful and mysterious place of the Northern Urals: Man-Pupu-Ner, Man-Pupyg-Ner, Bolvano-Iz, Mansi dummies ... Tourists usually call them briefly - "Pupy". Translated from the Mansi language, "Man-Pupu-Ner" means "Small mountain of idols." There are seven outliers in total. Six pillars are lined up on a flat plateau in a row, and one stands a little to the side. Their height is from 30 to 42 meters. They all have bizarre shapes. For the Mansi, this place has long been considered sacred, they forbade going here.

Ulyanovsk Trinity-Stefanovskiy Monastery is one of the oldest in the Komi Republic. According to legend, it was founded by Stephen of Perm in 1385, but then it did not last long. By the way, also according to legend, in ancient times in this place in the Vychegda river the girl Ulyaniya drowned, fleeing from enemies. The settlement in this place was named after her.

The small village of Ust-Vym in the Komi Republic is very interesting for its history and architecture. The village is the administrative center of the Ust-Vymsky district of the Komi Republic. It stretches near the confluence of the Vychegda and Vym rivers. In 1380, the missionary Stephen, now known as Stephen of Perm, arrived at this place. He promoted Orthodoxy and fought against paganism.

The village with the unusual name Yb is one of the most popular places for tourists and pilgrims coming to the Komi Republic. It is a major center for ethnographic tourism. The village is located on the high left bank of the Sysola River. The rural settlement Yb consists of 13 villages, standing on seven hills, stretching along the Sysola River for about 15 kilometers.

The Finno-Ugric Ethnocultural Park is a thematic cultural and educational complex located in the village of Yb, Syktyvdinsky District. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe Finno-Ugric ethnocultural entertainment complex is the presence of ethnocultural color at the basis of its activity, in relation to the facts of the history of the Komi and other Finno-Ugric peoples, to the cultural traditions and demands of the modern population of the republic and its guests.


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KOMI REPUBLIC

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The Komi Republic is a republic within the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and is part of the Northwestern Federal District.
The Komi Republic is located west of the Ural Mountains, in the extreme north-east of the European part of the Russian Federation.

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The Komi Republic was formed on August 22, 1921 as an autonomous region - Komi AO (Zyryan); On May 26, 1992, it was transformed into a republic within Russia - the Komi Republic.

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Flag of the Komi Republic

The blue color symbolizes the clear sky, greatness and vastness of the north. Green color is a symbol of taiga expanses and forest resources. The white stripe on the flag reminds of the territory of the Komi Republic to the North. It embodies the whiteness and purity of snow, the harsh beauty of northern nature.

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STATE SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI
The emblem depicts a silhouette of a golden bird of prey on a red heraldic shield, and on its chest there is a woman's face framed by six elk heads. The bird is depicted on takeoff and personifies statehood and power, which are designed to protect the Motherland and people, to contribute to their development and prosperity. The open wings of the bird mean the hospitality of the republic. The face of a woman on the chest of a bird resembles the image of Zarni An (Golden Baba), giving life to the sun goddess, the mother of the world. The image of an elk is associated with the idea of \u200b\u200bstrength, nobility, beauty.
Coat of arms of the Komi Republic

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The national anthem of the Komi Republic (in Russian) North, our native land, Your snows are deep, Your winds are cold, Your taiga is high! We are carried through the centuries by Falcon Wings. Komi region, your fate is blessed and bright!
STATE SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI
The national anthem of the Komi Republic is an official solemn song. The anthem is a symbol of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, the unity of its multinational people, and the preservation of the traditions of national culture.

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Syktyvkar is the capital and largest city of the Komi Republic. The city was founded in 1780. All state institutions of power, the Supreme Court of the Komi Republic are located in Syktyvkar.

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Syktyvkar is a public and business center of the Komi Republic. It is also an industrial center in the north of Russia. The city has about 40 large industrial enterprises, one third of which are of national importance.

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Vorkuta - the city of "permafrost"
The city of Vorkuta is located in the permafrost zone, just 140 kilometers from the coast of the Arctic Ocean. In winter there are polar nights here, and in summer there are polar days. In the sky of Vorkuta, you can see the northern lights!

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The largest cities of the Komi Republic
Ukhta is a city of oil and gas workers.
Ukhta is located in areas equated to the regions of the Far North. Russia's first oil production began in Ukhta.

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Slide text: In the old days, no family could do without a spinning wheel. A significant part of a woman's life passed by a spinning wheel and a splinter, right up to extreme old age. And it is no coincidence that the old unknown masters tried to decorate the spinning wheel with carvings or painting, so that it would please the woman's eye, so that monotonous work would not tire her so much.


Slide text: The northern spinning wheel, used in the Komi Territory, consists of a vertical leg with a blade, to which a tow was attached, and a bottom (horizontal board for a seat). By design, spinning wheels can be divided into solid, or root (made entirely from the rhizome and trunk of a tree), and composite, in which a leg with a blade is attached to the bottom. The northern spinning wheel stands out for its size: its blade is greatly enlarged and this gives it a peculiar look. The shape of the blade is often rectangular, slightly widened towards the bottom. There are spinning wheels, the blade of which resembles the shape of a leaf or an elongated oval. The legs are also different, more often of two options: a straight tetrahedral and in the form of a curly fold. In some cases, the leg is decorated with an ornament that completes the decoration of the blade. There are also unadorned spinning wheels: they performed only a functional role and were used within the same family. The rest of the spinning wheels can be divided into groups: painted, carved and combining painting and carving.


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Slide text: Unordered, unadorned spinning wheels were made within the same family. For example, father - daughters, brother - sister, husband - wife, etc. The blades of spinning wheels with heads are called by the Komi "kozyal" ("pin" - a tooth) and their legs are tetrahedral. In our area, the Komi-Izhemtsy call the spinning wheel - "kozyal", and in the southern regions of the Komi Republic - "Pechkan".

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Slide text: Spinning wheels were decorated with contour carvings. The graphics of this thread are distinguished by their clarity and hardness of lines. This type of carving was born gradually. And its beginning lies in magical notches-amulets, that is, in deep (pagan) antiquity. A rosette was often depicted. This is not an abstract pattern cut off from life, but an image of the sun - an ancient magic sign. This sign was called "solar", ie. sunny. It is no coincidence that he is on the spinning wheel: the symbol of the sun is a wish for good and happiness to the house. In the old days, it was this good sign that they liked to depict on the spinning blade. Spinning wheels were also decorated with the so-called triangular-notched carving. Here the triangle plays an important role - the simplest geometric figure. The incision depth is generally shallow. But this method of carving received a very diverse pattern. The difference in grooves gives the spinning wheel a rich texture.

The Komi Republic (Komi Komi Republic) is a republic within the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a part of the Northwestern Federal District, located on the Pechora, Usa, Mezenkomi rivers of the Russian Federation, and a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, Northwestern Federal District






Climate The climate is temperate continental. Winters are long and cold, summers are short, warm in the south, cool in the northern regions. Average January temperature: 20 ° C (in the northern part) and 17 ° C (in the southern part) Average July temperature: +11 ° C (in the northern part) and + 15 ... + 17 ° C (in the southern part) Precipitation: from 700 mm per year.


In the Middle Ages, the Komi lands were part of the possessions of the Novgorod Republic, at the end of the 15th century they became part of the Moscow principality. The most important commodity exported outside the territory was furs. Due to the harsh climate and the lack of year-round communication routes, the territory remained sparsely populated for a long time, although artisanal oil production began in the middle of the 18th century in the region of the Ukhta River. Middle Ages of the Novgorod Republic of the 15th century of the Moscow principality


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Mountain of Stone Idols is covered with many legends about its origin, formed by local peoples. Despite the fact that geologists point to the natural origin of the tall rock layers, the site is no less interesting. Huge pillars fascinate travelers who travel great distances along a beautiful but difficult road, with their extraordinary nature: it is hard to believe that nature could so carefully grind stone guards of the Pechora sources year after year. They say that sometimes it is possible to hear the noise emanating from the stones, and a long stay near them can plunge into depression even those who always enjoy life. Stone Idol Mountain


The Buredan waterfall is located 25 kilometers from the village and represents the end of the cascading rapids on the Halmerju River. Cascades of rapids were formed when the river passed through the eastern spurs of the Pemboyskaya Upland. A cascade of rapids stretches at a distance of 10 kilometers and is located in a picturesque gorge surrounded by high rocks, the total height of the water fall is more than 10 meters



Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich () the world famous sociologist, philosopher were born in the republic. Kuratov, Ivan Alekseevich Kuratov, Ivan Alekseevich () the founder of Komi literature, linguist, translator, Komi poet. Zhakov, Kallistrat Falaleevich Zhakov, Kallistrat Falaleevich () is a Komizyrian ethnographer, philosopher, and writer. Avramov, Ivan Ivanovich Avramov, Ivan Ivanovich () actor, theater director, People's Artist of the USSR (1976) People's Artist of the USSR 1976 Sidorova, Glafira Petrovna Sidorova, Glafira Petrovna (b. 1922) theater actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1980). Leontiev, Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev, Valery Yakovlevich (b. 1949) Soviet and Russian pop singer.

 

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