123, code “Komsomolets. Project 123 torpedo boat "Komsomolets" Project 123 torpedo boats
The Soviet torpedo boat "Komsomolets" is a small high-speed military mine and artillery ship designed to deliver torpedo strikes against enemy ships in the coastal maritime zone. Due to the design features and high tactical and technical parameters, ships of this type can be used for other purposes: amphibious operations, naval reconnaissance and minefields.
The history of the creation and development of the Komsomolets torpedo boat project
The task to design a new torpedo boat for the Russian Navy in 1939 was received by a group of designers from plant No. 194. Design work led by P.I. Taptygin. The new torpedo boat received a factory index - project 123. The main goal that was set for Soviet designers was to create a more powerful warship that could replace the G-5 torpedo boats that formed the basis of the domestic mosquito fleet.
The lead ship of project 123 was laid down in July 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad Plant No. 194. In October 1940, the ship entered service, and in March 1941 the new torpedo boat was commissioned into the Black Sea Fleet.
Subsequently, work began on improving the project. As a result, a whole family of torpedo boats of projects 123bis, M-123bis and 123K appeared, in different years, produced by Soviet shipyards.
In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 30 units of various modifications were transferred to the fleet by Soviet shipbuilders. In 1946-48, another 88 torpedo boats of various types were manufactured.
Tactical and technical characteristics of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"
- Displacement - 20.5 tons.
- Length - 18.7 m, width - 3.44 m, draft - 1.0 m.
- Two petrol engines with a capacity of 1200 hp
- Full speed - 48 knots.
- Cruising range - 240 miles.
- Armament: two 450 mm torpedo tubes, two twin 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine guns, 6 BM-1 depth charges.
- Crew - 7 people.
Torpedo boats "Komsomolets" were used in combat operations in the Black Sea and the Baltic in final stage Great Patriotic War. In the post-war period, in the 50s, part of the torpedo boats of this type was transferred to the People's Republic of China. As part of the PLA naval forces, torpedo boats were used during the Vietnamese-Chinese armed conflict in the South China Sea. A small number of Komsomolets boats were handed over to political regimes friendly to the USSR.
Photo of the boat
tramp_> In my opinion, in this case, the underwater part of the hull contours is primary (after all, the ship moves primarily in water, and not in the air), the conversion of the cruiser pr. in terms of the characteristics of the ship (if, for example, the boiler room is not thrown out with a corresponding decrease in speed), the replacement of the carapace deck of the descendant of the G-5 with a more typical flat one for the WWII TKA is more related to the modification of the project in terms of ease of operation of the boat by the crew, maintenance of the TA and equipment, replacement, for example 2 456 mm TA for two 533 mm would lead to a change in load, probably to a change in the CG, a decrease in the metacentric height, but in general the project will be the same.
So I say that an accurate and logical definition of when new ship- modernization, and when is it new project no. Everyone is his own master, especially the higher authorities. What guides them when they determine the degree of modernization, this is a great secret. You can discuss a lot on this topic, but you can only get an explanation for yourself personally, an explanation that personally suits my beloved, even those things that are not logically explainable, but voluntaristically explainable (which is what many bosses sin, especially military ones. "I said Lumen means lumen"). Or only the one who made this decision can tell, but he will never tell (by the way, the wonderful turn of speech "to make a decision" is not to decide, not to justify, but to accept - this is voluntarism). There can be many reasons, from the reluctance to show in the government that we already have a very wide range of different projects of the same type of ships, to the desire to receive a bonus for the development of a new ship, which is actually a modernization. Such things are now normal not only for the authorities, but also for the most respectable public. So the threshold to make a decision or decide logically or mathematically has dropped dramatically. This is very visible to the youth. The more illiterate a person is, the higher his self-esteem is, the more he is inclined to "make decisions", although after that, it is desirable not to be responsible for the consequences. Sorry for the digression. I continue on business.
take it wide known history with project 1134 and its modifications 1134A, 1134B. Or with nuclear submarine of the project 667. But project 645 is very consistent with that, but 627, but this is a different project, not a modification. By and large, if you think about it, they put another bowler hat, so it’s already a different project or something. And here and there the turbine turns the steam, but how it is produced is a somewhat secondary question. Tough question, right? By the way, according to OS-33, after testing it was originally planned to be returned to its original state, so in principle, this is an explanation for me.
As for the boat, I wrote, all the explanations are in the article, and it seems to me very logical.
A model of a project 123K torpedo boat was installed in Kaliningrad on the banks of the Pregol River at the intersection of Moskovsky Prospekt and Oktyabrskaya Street.
Access is free, the pedestal is high. There is no security.
The condition is not historical.
Shooting date - June 01, 2015.
01.
All photos are clickable up to 3648x2736.
02. The boat is the central element of the memorial complex "Baltic Sailors". 
03. Commemorative plaques ( , ) of the memorial list units and formations of the Baltic Fleet that took part in the Great Patriotic War. 
04. Monument of history
municipal significance
memorial sign
sailors-Baltic
1974 
05. A model of a torpedo boat of project 123K with elements of 123 bis and original details is installed on the pedestal.
The original boat, installed in 1974, was badly damaged by time and vandals. 
06. The local press wrote about the restoration like this:
For more than a month, it was under reconstruction at the Yantar Baltic shipbuilding plant, where shipbuilders made a new hull.
The old one is rusted.
The surviving torpedo tubes, steering wheel and propellers were removed from the previous combat vehicle.
"Native" parts were installed on a fresh metal case.
"Komsomolskaya Pravda. Kaliningrad" (04.04.2010)
"Yantar" specialists carried out a serious research work, as a result of which the 123-bis project was taken as the basis for the model, the torpedo boats of which took part in hostilities in the Baltic.
The new commemorative sign will be different appearance from its predecessor - a representative of a later, already post-war project.
From the "Komsomolets" of the 1978 model, only torpedo tubes remained on the new boat.
"New Kaliningrad" (04/01/2010)
It is difficult to understand why the 123-bis project is mentioned, although the boat is most similar to 123K.
From 123K - superstructure, radar mast, aft end shape.
In addition, the 123K has only one 2M-5 machine gun mount, while the 123bis has two 2-UK-T.
The differences in silhouettes are obvious: 
Definitely 123K.
Most likely, the desire to pass it off as 123-bis is due to the fact that 123K is a strictly post-war series of boats, and 123-bis managed to successfully fight. 
07. A real rear admiral gives interviews to TV people against the backdrop of a boat and the "House of Soviets" - the most epic Kaliningrad unfinished building of the Soviet era. 
08. "Komsomolets" - a series of Soviet small torpedo boats of projects 123, 123bis, M-123bis and 123K.
The lead boat of project 123 was laid down on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad plant N 194 (building berth N C-505).
Launched May 16, 1940, commissioned October 25, 1940.
March 12, 1941 was enrolled in the Black Sea Fleet.
According to the characteristics, it differed significantly from the boats of subsequent series. 
09. After the launch of the lead boat of project 123, the design bureau of the shipbuilding plant N 639 began finalizing the project, and in November 1943 the fleet received a new project of boats of the Komsomolets type, which received the designation "123bis".
Until the end of World War II, 31 boats of project 123bis left the stocks of the Tyumen plant No. 639. 
10. In the post-war period, the design of boats of the Komsomolets type was revised 2 more times, and in 1946-1953 another 205 Komsomolets torpedo boats descended from the stocks of the Feodosia shipbuilding plant No. 831 (50 of the M-123bis project and 155 of the 123K project ). 
11. Redan boat with a duralumin hull.
The hull is divided by watertight bulkheads into five compartments.
A hollow keel beam is laid along the entire length of the hull, performing the function of a keel.
To reduce pitching, side keels are installed on the underwater part of the hull.
Two aircraft engines are installed in the housing one after the other, while the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right one was 10 m.
Torpedo tubes, unlike boats of the previous types, are tubular, not trough. 
12. Screws. Possibly original. 
13. Layout of the 2M-5 installation with a coaxial 14.5 mm Vladimirov machine gun.
What the original installation looks like I saw in St. Petersburg.
Strange barrels in the foreground (and on the left side of the picture, on the other side) are an imitation of BM-1 depth charges 
14. BM-1 (Bomba small, first) was proposed as an auxiliary anti-submarine weapon, as well as a weapon for slow ships and boats that would not have enough speed to get away from shock wave Big Bombs BB-1.
In addition, the "Small Bomb" became a demining tool and was used to detonate enemy acoustic mines. 
15. Torpedo tubes seem to be the only original part of the monument. 
16. The main armament of the boat is two 450 mm torpedoes 45-36N, 45-36NU in TTKA-45 torpedo tubes (on Series II-VI TTKA-45-52).
Designed by a group of designers of plant No. 194 named after Andre Marty under the leadership of chief designer P.I. Taptygin in 1939 and were intended for conducting torpedo attacks in cramped coastal areas.
The hull of the boat is made of duralumin with reddish lines in the bow and a straight transom stern. At the bottom, along the entire length of the hull, a hollow beam passed, which played the role of a keel. On the sides, in the middle part of the hull, below the waterline, there were side flat keels, which reduced pitching. The distance between the frames in the bow (spacing) was 20 cm, and in the stern - 25 cm. The deck was made straight in the stern with slight bevels at the sides for better drainage of water, and sloping with a slight rise in its level in the bow of the hull. In the middle of the hull was a closed running (combat) cabin with viewing glasses. Control devices were installed inside the cabin: a steering wheel, an engine telegraph, two tachometers (one per engine), drives for gas control throttles, a magnetic compass, a tablet with maps, and an automatic firing box for launching torpedoes.
Unsinkability was ensured by dividing the hull with watertight bulkheads into 5 compartments:
- Forepeak;
- Motor;
- management;
- Fuel;
- Afterpeak.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two domestic gasoline aircraft engines GAM-34F, 1000 hp each. each with reverse gears, with maximum speed rotation up to 1850 rpm. The full speed of the boat could be used for no more than an hour. The maximum number of engine revolutions in combat training actions was allowed no more than 1600 rpm. A serviceable motor started in 6-8 seconds. after switching on. The maximum permissible number of revolutions in reverse is 1200. The engine's operating time in reverse is 3 minutes. B-70 gasoline was used as fuel. After 150 hours of operation of the new motor, its complete bulkhead was required.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- From 2 tow torpedo tubes BS-7 for two 533-mm torpedoes. Torpedo tubes (TA) are grips for torpedoes (mines), similar to grips used in military aviation for hanging ammunition under the fuselage of aircraft and helicopters. For side dropping of torpedoes, a galvanic ignition device was used, which consisted of two ignition cartridges installed in the torpedo tube, an electrical wire and a galvanic cell (battery), when the circuit of which was closed, the current was supplied to the fuse. The advantage of TA was that they made it possible to produce a volley from a "stop".
- From 1 heavy-caliber 12.7 mm DShK machine gun with a barrel length of 84.25 caliber, which was located on the roof of the wheelhouse. Fire mode - only automatic, built on the gas principle, has a muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds / min. at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m / s, a firing range of up to 3.5 km, a ceiling of up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are powered by a belt, in a belt of 50 rounds. Shooting is carried out in bursts of up to 125 shots, after which cooling is required. The calculation of the machine gun included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder stops is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
- From 4 BM-1 depth charges located in the stern. The total weight of the bomb was 41 kg, and the weight of TNT was 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.3 m / s, and the radius of destruction - up to 5 meters. The bomb was used for preventive bombing, including to detonate bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and slow-moving ships.
The Shtil-K radio station could operate in telephone mode, had a power of 10-20 W and operated in the range of 75-300 meters with a range of 20 miles.
The construction was carried out at the plant number 194 in Leningrad.
Tactical and technical data TKA project 123 "Komsomolets"
| Maximum width: | 3.4 meters |
| Draft full: | 1.2 meters |
| Power point: | 2 gasoline engines GAM-34F, 1000 hp each, 2 screws, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | gross 52 knots, economic 17 knots |
| cruising range: | 345 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 1x1 12.7 mm DShK machine gun |
| torpedo: | 2 yoke 533-mm TA |
| anti-submarine: | 1 bomb releaser, 4 BM-1 depth charges |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigational: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| Crew: | 6 people (1 officer) |
In total, boats were built from 1939 to 1940 - 1 unit.
Project 123bis torpedo boats
- this is an improved version of the boats developed by the F.L. Liventsev at TsKB-32 in 1942, differed from the previous version in a reinforced hull design, Lend-Lease American Packard gasoline engines, reinforced artillery and updated torpedo armament. The wheelhouse and machine gun mounts were protected by 7 mm armor.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two Packard gasoline aircraft engines of 1200 hp each. each. The full speed of the boat reached 48 knots. A serviceable motor started in 5-6 seconds. after switching on.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- From 2 single-tube torpedo tubes TTKA-45 for two 457-mm torpedoes. Pipe apparatus provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in the TA.
- Of the 2 twin heavy-caliber 12.7-mm DShK machine guns with a barrel length of 84.25 caliber, which were located one on the roof of the cabin and one in the stern of the boat. Fire mode - only automatic, built on the gas principle, has a muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds / min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m / s, a firing range of up to 3.5 km, a ceiling of up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are powered by a belt, in a belt of 50 rounds per barrel. Shooting is carried out in bursts of up to 125 shots, after which cooling is required. The calculation of the machine gun included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder stops is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
- Of the 6 BM-1 depth charges located in the stern. The total weight of the bomb was 41 kg, and the weight of TNT was 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.3 m / s, and the radius of destruction - up to 5 meters. The bomb was used for preventive bombing, including to detonate bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and slow-moving ships.
The boats were equipped with DA-7 smoke equipment, which was mounted on the stern and was acidic - they used a mixture of C-IV (a solution of sulfurous anhydride in chlorosulfonic acid) as a smoke-forming substance, which was supplied to the nozzles using compressed air and sprayed into the atmosphere.
The construction was carried out at plant No. 639 in Tyumen.
The lead boat entered service in 1944.
Tactical and technical data TKA project 123bis
| Maximum width: | 3.44 meters |
| Draft full: | 0.75 meters |
| Power point: | 2 Packard gasoline engines, 1200 hp each, 2 screws, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | gross 48 knots, economic 17 knots |
| cruising range: | 250 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 2x2 12.7 mm DShK machine guns |
| torpedo: | |
| anti-submarine: | 1 bomber, 6 BM-1 depth charges |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigational: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| chemical: | smoke equipment DA-7 |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
In total, boats were built from 1944 to 1955 - 118 units.
Project M-123bis torpedo boats
- this is a modernized version of the boats developed by the group of V.M. Burlakov at TsKB-19 in 1946 and differed from the previous version by domestic M-50 diesel engines, which were less fire hazardous than Packard gasoline engines.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two domestic M-50 diesel engines of 900 hp each. each with reverse gears and a maximum rotation speed of 1600 rpm.
The lead boat entered service with the Black Sea Fleet in 1949.
The performance data of the TKA project M-123bis
| Maximum width: | 3.44 meters |
| Draft full: | 0.76 meters |
| Power point: | 2 M-50 diesels, 900 hp each, 2 screws, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | |
| cruising range: | 500 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 2x2 12.7 mm DShK machine guns |
| torpedo: | 2 single-tube 457-mm TA TTKA-45 |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigational: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| chemical: | smoke equipment DA-7 |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
In total, boats were built from 1949 to 1951 - 50 units.
Project 123K torpedo boats
- this is a corrective version of the boats developed by the group of V.M. Burlakov at TsKB-19 in 1950 and differed from the previous version in that the boat control was taken out of the wheelhouse to the open bridge, the DA-7 smoke equipment was replaced with smoke bombs - MDSh, and the wheelhouse armor protection was removed. In addition, two radars were installed on the boats: the Fakel state identification radar and the Zarnitsa target detection by removing the machine gun mount.
The marine smoke bomb MDSH, adopted in 1935, was intended for ships that did not have stationary smoke equipment. As a smoke generator in the checker, a solid smoke mixture based on ammonia and anthracene is used. With a length of 487 mm and a mass of 40-45 kg, its operation time is eight minutes, and the smoke screen created reaches 350 meters in length and 17 meters in height.
Radar "Zarnitsa", designed to detect surface targets and low-flying aircraft. The centimeter-wave station with a radiation power of 80 kW was serviced by one operator. The antenna was placed on the mast, and the main units - on the deck of the boat. The radar had a detection range destroyer up to 14 km; minesweeper up to 11 km; (depending on flight path). The maximum error in determining the coordinates by distance was 255 meters, by the heading angle - 2 °. Dead zone - up to 315 meters. The resolution of the station in range is 157 meters, and in direction - 20 °.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- Of 2 single-tube torpedo tubes TTKA-45-52 for two 457-mm torpedoes. Pipe apparatus provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in the TA.
- From 1 coaxial 14.5-mm machine gun 2M-5 with a long barrel of 138 caliber, which was located in the stern of the boat. The installation had 2 horizontally mounted KPV machine guns, which were manually aimed by the shooter, there were no guidance drive mechanisms. The calculation included 3 people. To protect the calculation from bullets and small fragments, the installation was equipped with horizontal armor 8 mm thick for the front wall and 4 mm for the rear. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds / min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m / s, an effective firing range of up to 2.5 km, a ceiling of up to 2 km. The machine guns are powered by a belt, in a belt of 80 rounds per barrel. Shooting was carried out only in bursts. The sight allowed firing at air targets moving at speeds up to 250 m/s. Installation weight - 550 kg.
The construction was carried out at plant No. 831 in Feodosia.
The lead boat entered service with the fleet in 1951.
Tactical and technical data TKA project 123K
| Maximum width: | 3.6 meters |
| Draft full: | 0.8 meters |
| Power point: | 2 M-50 diesels, 900 hp each, 2 screws, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | gross 50 knots, economic 17 knots |
| cruising range: | 400 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 1x2 14.5 mm machine gun 2M-5 |
| torpedo: | 2 single-tube 457-mm TTKA-45-52 |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station |
| navigational: | 1 magnetic compass KI-11 |
| chemical: | 3 smoke bombs MDSH |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
In total, boats were built from 1951 to 1955 - 205 units.
The monument was erected in St. Petersburg on the territory of the Lenexpo exhibition complex (103, Bolshoy Prospekt of Vasilyevsky Island).
You can get to the monument on the city public transport, more than ten routes of which pass in close proximity.
Stop "Middle Avenue (Cash Street)".
There is free parking nearby.
Access is free (even too free), you can touch, climb. There is no security (except for Lenexpo security).
On this day, the "Smelt Festival" was held on the territory of the Lenexpo. The area was filled with exhibitions, shopping arcades, street cafes.
Therefore, there are a lot of people in the frame.
400 meters north of the boat, there is another naval memorial - "Submarine D-2" Narodovolets ".
all photos are clickable up to 3648x2736
02. We found the boat quite by accident when we went to the aforementioned holiday, after visiting the "Narodovolets".
03. There are no signs of the type / project / number / name on the boat itself and its pedestal.
To determine the ship, I re-read several reference books kindly posted on the website of Andrey Pupko's Encyclopedia of Ships.
By the way, in my opinion, the best Russian-language encyclopedia on ship topics.
04. Also, through an iterative search, I was able to presumably determine which boat was installed as this monument.
In several sources, for example http://russian-ships.info/katera/123.htm, this boat is designated as TK-23 of project 123-K.
I didn’t find any other confirmations about the number, but according to the drawings and descriptions of weapons I found in the reference books (type of machine guns, presence of radar, general layout), this is really " torpedo boat Project 123-K".
05. Project 123-K became the development of projects of red torpedo boats of projects 123 "Komsomolets" (the first boat was launched in 1940) and 123-bis (1944).
123-K is a post-war series (1949-55), improved over the previous ones.
Increased speed, changed weapons.
06. A total of 205 boats of this project were built.
This is the last series of MTKA (Small Torpedo Boats) produced in the USSR
07.
08. Several dozen 123-K boats were exported to China, Egypt, Cyprus, North Korea and other countries.
Some were installed as a memory of the war. Exactly the same boat is at the sea station in Novorossiysk.
09. On the pedestal, next to the large inscription "1941-1945 To the heroic sailors of the Baltic torpedo boats", there is
small plaque with brief description heroic episodes and exploits of boat sailors.
(I remind you that the boat itself was released in the 1950s and did not take part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War)
10. Twin heavy machine guns Vladimirov (KPV) in the 2M-5 installation. Belt feed (80 shots in each belt).
Installations 2M-5 were produced at the Tula Machine-Building Plant.
Junior in place of the shooter.
12. The bow of the deck (tank).
Under the large rectangular cover should be the engine compartment with the engine.
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