TSP 15k is suitable for passenger car axles. Transmission oil. Determination of the tendency of an oil to foam

→ TSP-15k (TM-3-18)

Transmission oil TSP-15K (TM-3-18)

TSP oil is the residual oil that is obtained by adding a small amount of distillate filler. Also, a complex of additives is added to TSP-15K oil, which have a beneficial effect on its properties and enhance the effect and efficiency. Additives affect the extreme pressure, low temperature, antiwear and antifoam properties of this oil, making it versatile for its purpose.

Applications of transmission oil TSP-15K (TM-3-18)

The main field of application of this oil is the gearbox and final drive, which have a two-stage gearbox with cylindrical spiral bevel gears. Most often, such components and assemblies are found in the structure of the KAMAZ vehicle and other trucks for various purposes. Butter TSP 15K maintains performance at temperatures from -20 degrees Celsius to +130 degrees. The duration of work under such conditions is quite significant.

It must be added that this oil is used in large quantities. trucks Therefore, the demand for it is constantly high. The features of this oil are that it is perfect for the specifics of the aggregate connections of trucks.

The Ural-Kub company offers its customers to purchase TSP-15K (TM-3-18) oil with the following packaging forms:

- in a metal barrel with a volume of 216.5 liters

- in a polyethylene barrel with a volume of 227 liters

– in eurocanisters with a volume of 5, 10, 20, 50 liters

- in any container of the client at will

We are one of the leading companies in the sale of fuels and lubricants different types and classes, so all our products meet the basic requirements, are reliable and of high quality.

Transmission oil TSP-15K meets the requirements of GOST 23652-79

How to buy oil TSP-15K (TM-3-18)

Specifications TSP-15K ( TM-3-18)

Name of indicator		Norm according to GOST ( THAT)
Density at 20°С, g/cu. cm, no more		0,910
Kinematic viscosity, sq. mm/s:
	at 100°C	14,0-16,0
Viscosity index, not less than		90
Dynamic viscosity, Pa-s, at -20°C, no more		75
Mass fraction, %, not more than:
	mechanical impurities	0,01
	water	footprints
Temperature, °C:
	flashes in an open crucible, not below	191
	solidification, not higher	-25
Corrosion test for 3 hours on copper plates at 120°С, points, no more		2s
Thermal-oxidative stability on the DK-NAMI instrument at 140°С for 20 h:
	increase in viscosity at 100°С, % max	7
	sediment in petroleum ether, % max	0,05
Tendency to foaming, cub. cm, no more:
	at 24°С	300
	at 94°C	50
	at 24°C after testing at 94°C	300
Tribological characteristics on a four-ball friction machine:
	bully index, N, not less than	539
3479
	wear rate at 20°C for 1 hour and axial load 392 N, mm, max	0,5
Compatibility with UIM brand rubber (volume change), %		1-8

5.1. Oil samples are taken according to GOST 2517. The volume of the combined oil sample of each brand is 2dm 3 .

5.2. When testing for corrosion on copper plates of TSp-10 oil, redness is allowed, including shades from yellow to crimson. The appearance of green, brown-black and steel-gray spots and raids on the plates is a rejection sign. When testing TSp-14 gyp brand oil, the presence of foci (spots) of darkening and tint colors on copper plates does not serve as a rejection sign (with a total area of darkening not more than 50%); black stains and raids are not allowed.
The corrosion test is carried out on plates made of copper grade M1k according to GOST 859 and steel grades 40, 45 or 50 according to GOST 1050.

5.3. When determining the ash content of TEP-15 oil, the residue is calcined at (850 ± 50) °C.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 3).

5.4. Determination of thermo-oxidative stability

5.4.1. Method for determining thermal-oxidative stability on a gear machine.
The essence of the method lies in the oxidation of oil at an elevated temperature for 50 hours and the subsequent determination of the increase in the viscosity of the oxidized oil and the content of substances in it that are insoluble in petroleum ether or gasoline.

5.4.1.1. Equipment and materials
Thermal oxidizing machine in the following set:
gearbox from of stainless steel with a pair of gears made according to VAZ drawings;
air heater, consisting of two isolated elements of 2 A each;
temperature control and regulation system, consisting of two thermocouples and two potentiometers;
a current generator that provides a load on the gears, with a power of 128 W;
an electric motor with a power of 0.75 - 1 kW with a rotation speed of 1410 min -1;
rotameter for measuring air flow.
Plate-catalyst measuring 50 x 24 x 2 mm made of copper grade M1k according to GOST 859.
Plastic cuvettes or centrifuge cups with a capacity of 100 cm 3.
Brush kapron (nylon).
Gasoline B-70.
Petroleum ether grade 70-100.

5.4.1.2. Preparing for the test
The walls and all parts of the box (except gears and bearings) are thoroughly cleaned with a brush, washed with B-70 gasoline and dried. Inspect the gears and bearing for damage, wash them with B-70 gasoline, and then with petroleum ether and dry. Grind the edges of the copper plate, then wash it, dry it and weigh it with an error of not more than 0.0002 g. Install the bearings, gears and the catalyst plate in the box. Close the box and pour 120 cm 3 of the test oil through the inlet tube.

5.4.1.3. Conducting a test
Mark the time and turn on the motor. Set the output power of the generator 128 W and the air flow rate of 1 dm 3 /h. Heat the oil to 155 °C and maintain the temperature with an accuracy of ± 1 °C. After 30 minutes of operation of the machine, an oil sample (2 cm 3) is taken and the kinematic viscosity is determined at 50 ° C (GOST 33). Then oil samples for viscosity determination are taken every 10 hours of machine operation. At the end of the 50-hour test, the machine is stopped, the oil is poured into a clean flask or glass, and the viscosity at 50 ° C and the amount of substances insoluble in petroleum ether and gasoline (separately) are determined according to GOST 6370. Gears and a copper plate are removed, inspected and described the condition of the parts and details of the box, the gears of the bearings and the copper plate. Remove deposits from the catalyst plate and weigh it to determine the activity of the oil in relation to copper.

Gear oils include oils used to lubricate gears of transmission units, as well as in hydraulic transmissions.

In modern cars, various types of gears are used. Screw (hypoid) gears are especially widespread. Their advantage over gears with straight teeth is the greater strength of the gear teeth with equal dimensions, smooth and silent operation. But helical gear oils are subject to higher requirements than straight gear oils, since the sliding speeds in such gears are higher.

In transmission units, transmission oils perform the following functions:

Reduce wear of parts;

Reduce energy losses due to friction;

Increase heat dissipation from rubbing surfaces;

Reduce vibration and noise of gears, as well as protect them from shock loads;

Protect parts of mechanisms from corrosion;

Oils for hydromechanical transmissions, in addition, perform the function of a working fluid in a hydraulic turbine that transmits power. The most important properties of TM:

Viscosity-temperature;

Anti-wear, extreme pressure, anti-pitting;

Thermal and thermo-oxidative stability;

Resistance to the formation of emulsions with water;

Minimal impact on rubber products, varnishes, paints and plastics;

Chemical and physical stability during storage and transportation.

Depending on the design features and purpose of gear transmissions, specific requirements may be imposed on oils. So, oils for drive axles with frictional differential lock must have good friction properties,

oils for transmission of cars with periodic operation - good protective properties, etc.

The conditions under which the oil works are determined by the following factors: temperature, gear rotation speed (speed of relative sliding of the rubbing surfaces of the teeth), specific pressure in the contact zone.

The operating temperature of the oil in the transmission units varies over a wide range - from the ambient air temperature at the beginning of operation to 120 ... 130 ^C and even 150 C during operation.

In the temperature mode of operation of gears, three most characteristic temperatures are distinguished: the minimum - at the moment the transmission starts, equal to the lowest ambient temperature; maximum - corresponding to extreme working conditions; average operation - the most probable during operation.

The minimum oil temperature in vehicle transmission units in a cold climate zone can reach -60 C. The maximum and average operating oil temperatures depend on air temperature, operating conditions, oil viscosity and other factors. The average operating temperature in vehicle transmission units is usually 60...90 °C. The actual temperature of the oil in the contact zone of the gear teeth is 150 ... 200 "C higher than the temperature of the oil in the volume. The sliding speed on the surface of the teeth in the zone of their contact has a noticeable effect on the temperature. The sliding speeds in cylindrical and bevel gears are 1.5 at the entrance to the engagement ...3 m / s; in some units they reach 9 ... 12 m / s; for hypoid gears, the sliding speeds are 15 m / s or more.

In cylindrical and bevel gears, the specific loads in the gearing pole are usually 0.5 ... 1.5 GPa, reaching 2 GPa in some cases. In hypoid gears, they are twice as high. Under the action of such loads, the conditions for hydrodynamic lubrication worsen.

Gear oils are a complex colloidal system that includes two groups of components: the first is the base oil, the second is functional additives to improve the performance properties of oils.

Among the promising ones should be attributed synthetic oils, which are characterized by a very flat viscosity-temperature curve.

Classification and range. A wide range of oils is used in car transmission units. According to GOST 17479.2-85 "Motor oils, transmission oils and hydraulic fluids. Designation system" oils are classified according to

classes and groups depending on their viscosity and performance properties (Tables 18.5 and 18.6).

Table 2.1 Viscosity grades for gear oils

Given the division into classes and groups, gear oils have symbols. For example, the designation TM5-12 is deciphered as follows: "TM" - gear oil, the number "5" - a group of performance properties, the number "12" - the viscosity class.

Table 2.2

Classification of gear oils according to performance properties


	Mineral oils without additives	Spur, spiral-bevel and worm gears operating at contact stresses up to 600 MPa and temperatures in the volume up to 90 "C
	Mineral oils with antiwear additives	Spur, spiral-bevel and worm gears operating at contact stresses up to 1200 MPa and temperatures in the volume up to 90 C
	Mineral oils with moderate EP additives	Spur, spiral-bevel and worm gears operating at contact stresses up to 2000 MPa and temperatures in the volume up to 90 "C
	Mineral oils with extreme pressure	Spur, spiral bevel and worm gears operating at contact voltages over 2000

Group representatives TM-1 are nigrols winter and summer (TU 38-101529-75), used in older car models. Nigrols are unrefined residues from the direct distillation of petroleum, characterized by unsatisfactory anti-wear, antioxidant and low-temperature properties. Not used on modern cars. This group also includes base oils (TB-20, TS-14.5), which serve as the basis for the manufacture of automotive gear oils.

To the group TM-2 applies oil for gearboxes and steering - TS(OST 38.01260-82, former designation GOST 4002-53), class 18. This oil has low performance properties, it is used on a limited scale only on older models cars.

The TM-3 group includes oils Tep-10, TAp-15V, TSp-15K, produced in accordance with GOST 23652-79.

TSp-10 used for lubrication of heavily loaded cylindrical, bevel and spiral-bevel gears of trucks. Serves as a winter for the temperate climate zone and all-weather for the northern regions of the country.

TAp-15V serves for lubrication of heavily loaded cylindrical, bevel and spiral-bevel gears of trucks.

TSp-15K has improved anti-wear, anti-oxidation and low-temperature properties compared to TAp-15V oil. Serves as an all-weather for a temperate climate zone. Designed for heavy-duty spur and spiral-bevel gears, including heavy trucks KamAZ, KrAZ, UralAZ.

The TM-4 group includes oils Tsp-Ngip (GOST 23652-79), Tsz-9gip (OST 38-101158-78), Tsgip (OST 38-01260-82, the former name is oil according to GOST 4003-53).

TSp-14gip(class 18) is used for hypoid gears of trucks all year round in a temperate and hot climate zone. It has high extreme pressure, but insufficient antioxidant and anticorrosion properties. Oil performance deteriorates sharply when water enters it; in this case, the oil should be changed immediately.

TSz-9gip(class 9) is intended for use in transmission units of trucks in the Far North at air temperatures up to -50 ... -55 "C. Due to the low viscosity and deterioration of anti-wear properties at high temperatures, this oil is used only in winter.

TSgyp Designed for hypoid gears of older cars. Due to insufficient low-temperature, anti-wear and antioxidant properties, it is not recommended for new car models.

The TM-5 group includes oils TAD-17I (GOST 236532-79) and TM5-12rk (TU 38.101844-80).

TAD-17I(class 18) is obtained by mixing residual and distillate oils with the introduction of multifunctional and depressant additives. The oil has high performance properties, is universal and can be used in heavily loaded spur, helical-bevel and hypoid gears of trucks and cars in temperate and hot climatic zones.

TM5-12rk(Class 12) is made from a low-setting selective oil thickened with a polymer additive, with the introduction of a multifunctional additive. The oil is one of the universal oils for the operation and preservation of cylindrical, spiral-bevel and hypoid gears of trucks. It is intended for use as an all-weather, primarily for operation in the northern regions.

The main variety used for automotive hydromechanical gearboxes, is oil stamps A (TU 38.101179-79). It has a pour point of -40 ° C, it is used all-season in the temperate climate zone. Oil developed for vehicles operating in the northern regions of the country MGT(TU 38-401-494-84), which in terms of operational properties corresponds to brand A oil, but has the best low-temperature performance - it is efficient up to -50 °C.

V hydrostatic transmissions cars, in particular in power steering, use oil brand R. It is used as an all-season in the temperate climate zone.

From oils of foreign production to automatic transmissions only mineral oils of the ATF series are used, usually the Dexron brand with different numerical indices. All of them are red in color and can be mixed in various proportions. Their the resource before replacement is 50 ... 70 thousand km. 6 a car box is filled with b ... 9 liters (for an all-wheel drive Ford Bronco - 18 liters). Recently, yellow and green oils have been used. Mixing them with Dexron is unacceptable.

Transmission type	Oil change period, thousand km	Minimum application temperature,
Drive axles of old car models
Gearboxes and drive axles for cars and trucks
Gearboxes for trucks with carburetor engines; drive axles with pegipoid gears for cars and trucks
Gearboxes, driving, axles of trucks with non-hypoid gears
Driving axles of trucks with hypoid gears
Gearboxes for trucks with carburetor engines; drive axles of trucks with non-hypoid gears
Gearboxes and drive axles of vehicles during operation in the North	winter period
Gearboxes and drive axles of trucks

Abroad, for marking gear oils, the SAE and API classifications are used.

According to the SAE classification, oils are divided into summer (for example, SAE140), winter (75W) and all-weather (75W90). The correspondence of viscosity classes according to GOST and SAE is given in Table. 18.8.

Table 18.8

Approximate correspondence of viscosity grades of gear oils according to GOST and SAE

SAE oil viscosity grade	Viscosity at 99	Compliance with the viscosity class according to GOST
SAE oil viscosity grade	Viscosity at 99	at least	no more

According to the API classification, gear oils are classified according to the level of anti-wear and extreme pressure properties:

GL-1 - used in gears at low pressures and sliding speeds (do not contain additives);

There are 5 classes in total, which correspond to the groups designated according to GOSTTM-1, -2, -3, -4, -5.

Description:

Transmission oil TSP-15k (TM-3-18) is an all-weather universal mineral transmission oil, produced on a mineral basis from a mixture of distillate and residual oils of sour oils, containing extreme pressure, antiwear, depressant and antifoam additives. Operable for a long time at temperatures of -20...+130 °C.

TSP-15k oil used all-weather, a single oil for the gearbox and final drive (two-stage gearbox with spur and spiral bevel gears) of KAMAZ, KrAZ, Ural and other trucks in cases where the oil must comply API GL-3 and viscosity SAE90W. The oil is intended for all-weather operation of equipment in areas with a temperate climate at temperatures up to -25 °C.

TSP-15k according to the viscosity class and the degree of intensity of operation, it is similar to the markings TM-3 and TM-3-18, which are decoded as:
"TM" - transmission oil;
"3" - number of exploitation. groups;
"18" - viscosity at +100 °C.
"T" - transmission oil;
"C" - the oil is made from oil with an average sulfur content;
"P" - the oil contains additives;
"15" - the actual value of viscosity at +100 °C; "k" - the oil contains an improved additive package.

Oil TSP 15k operable for a long time in a wide temperature range: -25...+130°С. The period between replacements of this brand of oil depends on the design features of the transmission, the mode of operation of the vehicle and can vary from 36,000 to 72,000 km. According to API GL-3 meets such standards and norms of manufacturers as: Mobilube GX 90 BP, SpiraxEP 90W Mobil, Shell, Gear oil EP SAE 90 Esso, etc.

Specifications:

The main benefits of the oil TSP 15k:

reliable operation in regions with a temperate climate of transmission units under conditions of medium and high loads;
stability of oil properties during long-term operation;
high chemical and thermo-oxidative stability;
high anti-corrosion and anti-foam properties;
extended oil life while maintaining performance properties.

Application:

Oil C.N.R.G. TSP-15k proved to be excellent as the main gear oil on vehicles Municipal budget institution"Specialized Installation and Operational Department", which is responsible for safety traffic in the city of Kaluga. It has in its fleet up to 100 units of special equipment: trucks and cars, buses, special road and municipal equipment, rollers, asphalt pavers, harvesting equipment, tractors and graders of Russian and foreign production (GAZ, VAZ, MAZ, UAZ, ZIL, KAMAZ , Lada, Toyota, Bucher, Broddway, TARSUS, Vogele, HAMM, etc.). .

MBU "SMEU" reduced the operating costs for the maintenance of equipment by 20% by reducing the price of oils. Based on the results of the operation, the company's specialists provided a review, which you can read at the link ().

Requirements:
GOST 23652-79 (as amended 1-9)

Butter TSP-15k corresponds to the typical characteristics presented in the table.

One of the Russian lubricants that successfully survived the flow of Western analogues after the collapse of the USSR today is TSP-15k gear oil. This product is produced by several large companies, and the demand for it is still quite high.

There are several reasons for this. Firstly, many factories producing heavy equipment in Russia still make gears and worm gears with small contact loads and relatively low speeds, which makes it possible to effectively use the TSP-15k.

Secondly, the price of this liquid is low. Below we will consider in detail what TSP-15k oil is and where it is used.

Specifications

According to GOSTs, lubricants must pass a large number of different tests. This gives rise to an impressive list of characteristics.

Some of them are very specific and are used in narrow areas. Others are significant and directly determine where this or that lubricant can be used.

Below are some of the significant technical specifications transmission oil TSP-15k:

The characteristics of TSP-15k have now grown in terms of quality relative to the same grease, produced in Soviet times. The reason is the use of a more technologically advanced additive package and a cleaner base.

Scope and analogues

Traditionally, the scope of TSP-15k oil is Russian agricultural machinery and trucks, such as KamAZ, KrAZ and URALs.

Even the index "k" in the name of the lubricant is still popularly associated with the word "KAMAZ". Basically, it is poured into the transmission of those trucks that were produced no later than 10 years ago.

According to GOST	According to SAE	According to GOST	By API
9	75W	TM-1\|	GL-1
12	80W/85W	TM-2	GL-2
18	90	TM-3	GL-3
34	140	TM-4	GL-4
-	-	TM-5	GL-5

More technologically advanced oil is poured into the new transmission units of modern Russian cars. Although some pieces of equipment are still leaving the assembly line, into the bridges and transfer boxes of which it is permissible to fill lubricant from this category.

In technical terms, the use of TSP-15k oils is suitable for their use in any units in which the following conditions are met:

the transfer of kinematic energy is carried out by means of gear cylindrical and bevel, worm and hypoid gears;
the maximum possible contact load is below 2500 MPa;
the maximum operating temperature does not exceed 130 °C.

Fluid for transmission units TSP-15k according to GOST is classified as TM-3-18. When translated into other international standards, this means that the oil is close in performance to the API GL-3 class and to the SAE 85-W80 class.

The American standard GL-3 is as close as possible, but is not a complete analogue of TSP-15k in terms of key parameters.

Popular manufacturers of TSP-15k and reviews of their products

Below is a short list of manufacturers of TSP-15k gear oil:

All of the above oils do not have sharply negative reviews. The main rule in order to use them as safely and efficiently as possible is to replace them in a timely manner and not pour them into unsuitable nodes.

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